JP2011067179A - Method for producing fig decreased in furocoumarin content - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fig (Ficus carica L.) free from fear of an onset of skin disease dermatosis by light, such as phototoxic contact dermatitis, and an increase in side effect of medicine. <P>SOLUTION: A method for producing the fig decreased in furocoumarin content includes a heating step of heating fig with 95-100°C steam, a first drying step of drying the fig while keeping the temperature of the fig heated in the heating step at 35-60°C and stirring, and a second drying step of drying the fig dried in the first step at 55-65°C. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for processing a fig.

  Figs are mulberry plants originating in southern Arabia and have been used not only for eating and drinking but also for medicinal plants for a long time (see Non-Patent Document 1). In recent studies, it has also been clarified that figs have a blood glucose level lowering action, a blood pressure lowering action, an anticancer action, an action to enhance immunity, and the like (see Non-Patent Document 2).

Rey Tannahill, translated by Setsuko Kuriyama, “The Fine Art of Food”, Tokyo, Yasaka Shobo, November 25, 2008, p12-18 By Chizuru Liang, “Toho Nutrition Shinsho”, Kyoto, Medical Yukon, 2005, p.70-71

  Although it is a fig useful for eating and drinking and medicinal purposes, it contains furocoumarins as an ingredient. These furocoumarins may cause phototoxic contact dermatitis that causes symptoms of erythema, pigmentation, and erosion by ingesting or adhering to the skin, or side effects of the drug may increase and cause health damage. . This is thought to be due to the fact that furocoumarins act as photosensitizers or inhibit the action of certain drug-metabolizing enzymes. In fact, there have been reports of cases in which phototoxic contact dermatitis with the above-mentioned symptoms was caused by running water with water that squeezed fig leaves (Tamoru Tani, “Skin damage caused by chemicals 36 Phototoxicity caused by plants” Contact Dermatitis ", Med. Journal 38, 2002, p 2398-2405).

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fig that is free from the onset of skin diseases caused by light such as phototoxic contact dermatitis and the side effects of drugs.

  In order to achieve the above object, the first characteristic configuration according to the present invention includes a heating step of heating the fig with steam of 95 ° C. to 100 ° C., and maintaining the temperature of the fig heated in the heating step at 35 ° C. to 60 ° C. The first drying step of drying while stirring or twisting and the second drying step of drying the fig dried in the first drying step at 55 to 65 ° C.

[Action and effect]
According to the present invention, the furocoumarins contained in the figs are decomposed or volatilized / dissipated and the content thereof is greatly reduced, so that the onset of skin diseases caused by light such as phototoxic contact dermatitis and the side effects of drugs The figs can be produced with no risk of increasing health hazards.

  The second characteristic configuration according to the present invention is a heating process in which the figs are kept at 40 ° C. to 60 ° C., a heating process in which the figs kept in the heating process are heated at 95 ° C. to 100 ° C., and heating in the heating process. It includes a first drying step in which the temperature of the fig is maintained at 35 ° C. to 60 ° C. while drying with stirring, and a second drying step in which the fig dried in the first drying step is dried at 55 ° C. to 65 ° C. There is in point to do.

[Action and effect]
Furocoumarins can also be produced by hydrolyzing furocoumarin-related glycosides. Therefore, when figs contain furocoumarin-related glycosides, even if the content of furocoumarins is reduced, if furocoumarin-related glycosides are hydrolyzed, furocoumarins will be generated again and consumed. May cause health damage to humans.
In the present invention, it is configured to generate furocoumarins by promoting hydrolysis of furocoumarin-related glycosides by a heat retaining step, and to reduce the content of furocoumarins in the subsequent heating step, first and second drying steps. Has been.
Therefore, according to the present invention, a safer fig can be produced by greatly reducing the contents of both the furocoumarin-related glycoside and furocoumarin contained in the fig.

  A third characteristic configuration according to the present invention is that the moisture content of the fig after the first drying step is 12% to 30%.

[Action and effect]
In the first drying step, the distribution of water in the fig structure is made uniform, and heat is applied to gradually dry, thereby increasing the efficiency of drying in the next second drying process, and the fig structure The purpose is to make the whole water the same.
If the moisture content of the figs after the first drying step is 12% to 30%, the drying time in the second drying step can be shortened compared to the case where the moisture content is higher than this range, and the flavor is deteriorated. It can be prevented, and the moisture in the fig tissue is less likely to vary, making it difficult for mold to propagate. (If there is a place with a lot of moisture, mold tends to grow, which is not desirable for maintaining quality. ).

  The 4th characteristic structure which concerns on this invention exists in the point whose moisture content of the fig after the said 2nd drying process is 4%-5%.

[Action and effect]
If the moisture content of the figs after the second drying step is 4% to 5%, flavor deterioration is unlikely to occur in the figs after treatment, and mold growth is also prevented, so that the quality retention effect is excellent.

Terms used in this specification will be described.
(FIG)
The fig (Ficus carica L.) applied to the present invention is a mulberry plant originating from southern Arabia, and its fruits, leaves, stems, roots, and the like are applicable to the present invention.
Examples of fig varieties applicable to the present invention include, for example, “Sakurai Dauphin”, “Kashiwa”, “Nouard de Karon”, “White Ischia”, “Negrone”, “Branswick”, “Burjasotto Grease, Temari Figs, Portogaro, Biore Solies, Brown Turkey, Sugar, Artena, Celeste, White Zenoa, Pau Dure, California・ Black, Fig de Marseille, Kadota, Negro Lago, Precos Ronde de Bordeaux, Grease St Jean, Grees Beer, Aida, "Mission", "Grist Jean", "Gut Dole", "Bellone", "Early Dorfine", "Ronde de Bol"-"," Dalmaty "," Archipel "," Lisa "," Short Bridge "," Desert Queen "," San Pietro "," Sultan "," Pastier ", etc. It is not something.

(Furocoumarins)
Furocoumarins is a general term for coumarin derivatives condensed with a furan ring. Furocoumarins are abundant in plants such as celery family, citrus family, legume family, mulberry family, asteraceae family, and hypericum family. Examples of the compounds belonging to furocoumarins include psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin, bergamotin, dihydroxybergamotine, etc.

  Furocoumarins have antibacterial action and action to prevent digestion of insects that eat plants, and are considered to be one of the substances responsible for the defense mechanism of plants. May cause some health hazards in the affected human.

  For example, exposure to sunlight (ultraviolet rays) with psoralen attached to the skin may increase the degree of sunburn, cause spots, and even phototoxic contact dermatitis (Mr. Tani, “ Skin damage caused by chemical substances 36 Phototoxic contact dermatitis caused by plants ", Medicinal Journal, 2002, 38, p2398-2405). This is thought to be because furocoumarins have a so-called photosensitizing action that promotes the reaction and fermentation process by passing energy obtained by absorbing light to other substances. .

  Further, when a certain drug is taken together with bergamotine or dihydroxybergamotin, side effects of the drug may be increased. This is considered to be because bergamotine and dihydroxybergamotin inhibit the function of a drug-metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4) present in small intestinal epithelial cells. CYP3A4 has a function of reducing the amount of a drug transferred to the circulating blood by metabolizing a certain drug to some extent and inactivating it. Therefore, when the function of CYP3A4 is inhibited by bergamotin or dihydroxybergamotin, the inactivation of the drug by CYP3A4 is prevented, resulting in an increase in the amount of drug that moves into the circulating blood, resulting in the drug being too effective and causing side effects It will increase.

  In addition, regarding tolerable doses when orally ingesting furocoumarins, it is not always clear about all furocoumarins, but according to a study that examined the tolerable amount of bergapten and xanthotoxin in humans, There is a possibility that phototoxicity may occur if 15 mg or more is ingested and exposed to ultraviolet rays, and if it is 10 mg or less, the possibility of developing is low (Schlatter, J., Zimmerli, B., Dick, R). , Panizzon, R. and Schlatter, Ch., “Dietary Intake and Risk Assessment of Phototoxicology in Humans”, Food Chem. Toxicology, 1991, 29, 295, 295, pp. ).

(Furocoumarin-related glycosides)
The furocoumarin-related glycoside in the present invention means a substance that generates furocoumarins upon hydrolysis. For example, isopsolar acid glucoside (hereinafter referred to as IPG), and isopsolar acid glucoside has a methoxyl group. The compound shown in the following [Chemical Formula 1] (hereinafter referred to as mIPG) and the like are included (Naoki Kasajima, Takahito Furutake, Sumiko Shioda, Yuuki Kaneda, “The 55th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Biopharmaceutical Society” Abstracts of Nagasaki 2008 (Studies on Medicinal Plant Resources, Components of Leaves of Ficus carica (First Report)), Japan Biopharmaceutical Society, September 19-20, 2008, p238.

  IPG is also contained in the seeds of leguminous plants, Psolalea corifolia L., which is a raw material for the Chinese herbal medicine “prosthetic fat” and generates psoralen when hydrolyzed (Qiao, C.-). F., Han, Q.-B., Mo, S.-F., Song, J.-Z., Xu, L.-J., Chen, S.-L., Yang, D.-J. , Kong, L.-D., Kung, H.-F. and Xu, H.-X. ), P714-716). Moreover, when mIPG is hydrolyzed, it is estimated that bergapten is produced.

[First Embodiment]
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, the fruits, leaves, stems, roots, etc. of the figs are left as they are or are cut into a predetermined size and reduced with steam at 95 ° C to 100 ° C to increase the treatment effect. A heating step for heating, a first drying step for drying while stirring while maintaining the temperature of the fig heated in the heating step at 35 ° C. to 60 ° C., and a fig dried in the first drying step for 55 ° C. to A second drying step of drying at 65 ° C.

  The heating step is performed by supplying steam of 95 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably 99 ° C. to 100 ° C. for a predetermined time (for example, 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes). After the heat treatment is finished, it is desirable to quickly cool the figs to room temperature (34 ° C. or less) without unevenness.

  In the first drying step, hot figs of 70 to 100 ° C. are applied to the figs after the heating step, or placed on a roaster heated to 50 to 70 ° C., or on a plate of 70 to 100 ° C. The temperature of the fig is maintained at 35 ° C. to 60 ° C., more preferably 35 ° C. to 45 ° C., and the mixture is dried with stirring or twisting for a predetermined time (for example, 25 minutes to 40 minutes). The stirring operation is not particularly limited, and may be performed with reference to, for example, a twisting operation (an operation of compressing or twisting a leaf by hand or machine) in the tea leaf manufacturing process. By this step, the water adhering to the figs moves, and the whole figs are efficiently and uniformly dried. The moisture content of the fig after the first drying step is desirably 12% to 30%.

  In the second drying step, hot figs of 55 ° C. to 65 ° C., more preferably 55 ° C. to 60 ° C. are applied to the figs dried in the first drying step for a predetermined time (for example, 120 minutes to 300 minutes). dry. In this step, drying at a high temperature (80 ° C. or higher) should be avoided in order to prevent the color and scent of the figs from changing. The moisture content of the fig after the second drying step is preferably 4% to 5%.

  According to this embodiment, as shown in Example 1 to be described later, the furocoumarins contained in the figs are decomposed and the content is greatly reduced to about 10% to 60% of the original amount. Thus, figs can be produced that do not have the potential to cause health hazards such as the onset of skin diseases caused by light, such as phototoxic contact dermatitis, and increased side effects of drugs.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, fig fruits, leaves, stems, roots, and the like are kept as they are or minced to a predetermined size to increase the treatment effect, and kept at 40 ° C to 60 ° C. A heat-retaining step, a heating step in which the figs kept in the heat-retaining step are heated at 95 ° C. to 100 ° C., and the temperature of the figs heated in the heating step is maintained at 35 ° C.-60 ° C. and dried with stirring. It includes a drying step and a second drying step of drying the fig dried in the first drying step at 55 to 65 ° C.

  In the heat retaining step, the fig is kept warm at 40 ° C. to 60 ° C., more preferably 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. for a predetermined time (for example, 1 hour to 4 hours). By this step, hydrolysis of the furocoumarin-related glycoside contained in the fig is promoted to generate furocoumarins. In addition, it is good to implement this heat retention process in the state which put the fig in bags, such as polyethylene, and opened the clearance gap so that the opening | mouth might not be sealed completely but to some extent gas exchange.

  Although the heating process, the first and second drying processes are performed on the fig that has been heat-retained, these processes are performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

In this embodiment, hydrolyzing furocoumarin-related glycosides is intentionally promoted by the heat retention step to generate furocoumarins, and the furocoumarins are reduced (decomposed or volatilized / dissipated) in the subsequent heating step, first and second drying steps ) Is configured to.
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a safer fig can be produced by greatly reducing the contents of both the furocoumarin-related glycoside and furocoumarin contained in the fig.

Examples of the present invention will be described below.
The manufacturing method according to the first embodiment was performed on the leaves of five varieties of figs (Sakurai Dauphin, Temari Figs, Dalmaty, Precos Ronde de Bordeaux, Negrone). Next, the contents of psoralen and bergapten in untreated fresh leaves that were not subjected to the production method and treated leaves that were subjected to the production method were measured and compared.

(experimental method)
1. Collection of leaves (1) A leaf near the tip of a new treetop was collected from a fig tree.
(2) A portion of the sample was cut into approximately 2 cm squares as analytical samples, sealed in polyethylene bags by 4 g, and stored frozen.

2. Manufacturing process (The manufacturing process was performed on the day of leaf collection.)
(1) The leaves chopped into approximately 2 cm squares were put into a colander and boiled with steam for 4 minutes (heating process).
(2) Kraft paper was laid on the hot plate top, and the steamed leaves were transferred onto it.
(3) On a hot plate heated to about 70 ° C to 100 ° C, the leaves were twisted manually for 25 to 40 minutes (first drying step). The temperature of the leaves at this time was 40 ° C to 45 ° C.
(4) The leaves after twisting were put in a colander, put in a blower dryer as they were, and dried at 60 ° C. for 4 hours (second drying step).
(5) Immediately after drying, it was hermetically packaged in a resin film bag laminated with an aluminum foil and stored frozen.

3. Component Extraction Method (1) After fresh leaves are freeze-dried, the treated leaves are crushed as they are, 0.2 g of each is placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and 30 mL of extraction solvent (mixed with 1 part by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of methanol) ) Was added.
(2) Extraction was performed while shaking by circular motion at 120 rpm for 3 hours at room temperature.
(3) Centrifugation was performed at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected.
(4) 10 mL of the extraction solvent was added to the residue and stirred, and centrifuged again at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes to recover the supernatant.
(5) The above operation (4) was repeated once more.
(6) The collected supernatants were combined and made up to a volume of 50 mL.
(7) The sample for analysis was obtained by appropriately diluting with water and filtering through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 μm.

4). Analysis method of components (1) 5 μL (microliter) of the sample for analysis was injected into a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) apparatus for detection and quantification.
(2) HPLC analysis conditions were as follows.
(A) Column: Phenomenex Synergy Hydro-RP, particle diameter 2.5 μm, inner diameter 3.0 mm × length 100 mm
(B) Mobile phase A: 2% acetic acid (c) Mobile phase B: 0.5% acetic acid and acetonitrile mixed at a ratio of 1: 1 (d) Mobile phase flow rate: 0.4 mL per minute
(E) Mobile phase gradient: The ratio of mobile phase B was changed as follows according to the analysis time. Start of analysis: 10%, 8 minutes later: 24%, 16 minutes later: 30%, 24 minutes later: 55%, 30 minutes later: 100%, until 33.2 minutes later: 100%, 34 minutes later: 10 %, Until 36 minutes (end of analysis): 10%.
(F) Column temperature: 40 ° C
(G) Detection of component: Absorbance at a wavelength of 250 nm was measured with an absorbance detector.
(H) Identification of peak component: Psoralen and bergapten were identified by the retention time being in agreement with the data of the standard substance. Psoralen is detected as a peak around 28 minutes and bergapten is detected as a peak around 31 minutes.
(I) Quantification of peak component: Quantification was performed based on a calibration curve prepared using a standard substance.

5). Results Table 1 below shows the quantitative results of psoralen and bergapten in the fresh and treated leaves of five fig varieties. The unit (mg / g DW) is the weight (mg) per gram of dry matter, and DW means the dry weight.

  The content of psoralen in the treated leaves decreased to about 11% to 19% of the content of fresh leaves. Bergapten had a low initial content compared to psoralen, but it was still reduced to about 26% to 60% of the raw leaf content by practicing the present invention. Therefore, according to the present invention, the content of furocoumarins in the fig is significantly reduced.

The manufacturing method which concerns on the said 2nd Embodiment was implemented with respect to the leaf of Sakurai Dauphin.
The fresh leaves of Sakurai Dauphin immediately after harvesting were wrapped in a polyethylene bag and kept at 55 ° C. for 3 hours to carry out a heat retaining step. Next, the contents of psoralen and IPG in untreated raw leaves that were not subjected to the heat retaining step and treated leaves that were subjected to the heat retaining step were measured and compared. The psoralen extraction method was carried out in the same manner as “3. Component extraction method” in Example 1 above, and the IPG extraction method was the same as that in “3. Component extraction method” in Example 1 above. (100%). The analysis method was performed in the same manner as in “4. Component analysis method” in Example 1, and IPG was detected as a peak appearing in the vicinity of 11 minutes.

  Table 2 below shows the quantitative results of psoralen and IPG in the fresh leaves and treated leaves of Sakurai Dauphin.

  As shown in Table 2, IPG completely disappeared by the heat retaining step. On the other hand, psoralen has increased a little, and this is thought to be the result of adding IPG hydrolysis.

  Next, for each of the raw leaves of untreated Sakurai Dauphin that has not been subjected to the above-mentioned heat retention step, and the treated leaves of Sakurai Dauphin that has been subjected to the above-mentioned heat retention step, “2. The first drying step and the second drying step) were performed, and the contents of psoralen and IPG were measured and compared. 1 g of each leaf was placed in 100 mL of hot water (80 ° C.) and allowed to stand for 3 minutes for leaching to extract psoralen and IPG. The analysis method was carried out in the same manner as “4. Component analysis method” in Example 1 above. Quantitative results of psoralen and IPG in the normal processing leaves that have been subjected to the heating step, the first drying step, and the second drying step, and the heat-insulating leaves that have been subjected to the heat retaining step, the heating step, the first drying step, and the second drying step Is shown in Table 3 below.

  As shown in Table 3, IPG disappeared completely in the heat-treated leaves compared to the normal treated leaves. On the other hand, the psoralen content was slightly higher, but decreased from the original raw leaves.

  The method for producing figs of the present invention can be used for the production of fig tea leaves and extracts thereof (tea) that do not cause health problems such as the onset of skin diseases caused by light and increased side effects of drugs. .

Claims (4)

A heating step of heating the figs with steam at 95 ° C to 100 ° C;
A first drying step in which the temperature of the figs heated in the heating step is maintained at 35 ° C. to 60 ° C. and dried while stirring;
The manufacturing method of the fig which reduced content of the furocoumarins including the 2nd drying process which dries the fig dried at the said 1st drying process at 55 to 65 degreeC. A heat retaining step for retaining the figs at 40 ° C. to 60 ° C .;
A heating step of heating the figs maintained in the temperature maintaining step at 95 ° C to 100 ° C;
A first drying step in which the temperature of the figs heated in the heating step is maintained at 35 ° C. to 60 ° C. and dried while stirring;
The manufacturing method of the fig which reduced content of the furocoumarins including the 2nd drying process which dries the fig dried at the said 1st drying process at 55 to 65 degreeC.   The method for producing a fig with a reduced content of furocoumarins according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture content of the fig after the first drying step is 12% to 30%.   The method for producing a fig with a reduced content of furocoumarins according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the moisture content of the fig after the second drying step is 4% to 5%.