JP2011036154A - Method for producing moss, and device for producing moss - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficiently producing a large amount of moss; and to provide a device for producing moss used for the method. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing moss includes: a crushing process for crushing moss protonemata; and a culturing process for applying the protonemata obtained through the crushing process on the surface of a porous base material to culture the protonemata. In the culturing process, a part of the porous base material is soaked in nutrient liquid, and at least a part of the surface of the porous base material to which the protonemata are applied is exposed to a gas phase. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing moss in large quantities and efficiently, and an apparatus used in the production method. More specifically, the present invention provides a means by which moss can be efficiently differentiated from protonema (protonema) into shoots (gametophore). To do.

  Moss has long been used as a horticultural object and landscaping material. Moss has been produced by collecting wild moss and artificially cultivating it in a natural environment.

  In recent years, moss has attracted attention as a plant for fixing carbon dioxide and greening plants as environmental awareness has increased around the world. Unlike plants and trees traditionally used as greening plants, (i) moss is resistant to climate change, (ii) does not require soil for moss growth, and (iii) moss is lightweight. This is because moss is a very preferable plant as a material for greening because of the fact that there is (iv) maintenance such as watering and fertilization to maintain the life of moss. As a form of use of moss as a greening plant, for example, moss is being covered and fixed in a mat shape on the roof of a building, a wall surface, a road side wall, a river revetment surface, and the like.

  As described above, in order to use moss as a green plant, a large amount of moss is required. However, the growth of moss was very slow, and it was expected that the supply of moss could not catch up with the conventional method of artificially cultivating and producing wild moss. Therefore, development of a method for producing moss in large quantities has attracted attention, and various methods have been proposed so far.

  For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a technique for culturing a large amount of moss seedlings, which are the basis for moss production, in an artificially controlled culture tank.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-253456 (Publication date: September 22, 2005) JP 2007-111031 (Publication date: May 10, 2007) JP 2007-202471 A (publication date: August 16, 2007)

  The method for producing moss described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is a method for efficiently growing large amounts of moss foliage corresponding to a plant of flowers in a nutrient solution. In order to develop a method for producing moss with higher production efficiency, the inventors of the present invention focused on culturing a large amount of raw silk before differentiation into foliage in a nutrient solution. This is because it is possible to cultivate a larger amount and more efficiently if it is a filamentous raw yarn body before differentiation into a foliage.

  However, there is no known condition or method for artificially and efficiently differentiating from the original mycelium to the foliage, and the differentiation from the obtained original mycelium to the foliage can only be expected to have some chance. It was. Therefore, even if a moss thread body can be produced in large quantities, the moss foliage that is the final target cannot be obtained in large quantities and efficiently.

  Therefore, the present invention has found a means capable of efficiently differentiating moss raw yarn bodies into foliar bodies, and an object thereof is to provide a large-scale and efficient production method of moss. Furthermore, the present invention also provides an apparatus for use in a mass and efficient production method for moss.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that a foliage can be efficiently obtained when a raw yarn crushed by ultrasonic waves or the like is applied on a porous substrate and cultured. It was. The present invention has been completed based on such new findings.

  That is, the moss production method according to the present invention includes a crushing step of crushing a moss yarn body, and applying the yarn body obtained by the crushing step to the surface of the porous base material in order to solve the above problems. A part of the porous substrate is immersed in the nutrient solution in the culture step, and at least a part of the surface of the porous substrate on which the raw yarn body is applied is a gas phase. It is characterized by being exposed to. The culture process may be performed in an aseptic environment.

  On the other hand, a moss production apparatus according to the present invention comprises a porous base material, a culture tank into which a nutrient solution is introduced, and a means for crushing the moss raw yarn body in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. The base material is characterized in that it is installed in a culture tank into which a nutrient solution is introduced. The culture tank into which the nutrient solution is introduced may be a closed system, or the culture tank into which the porous substrate and the nutrient solution are introduced may be provided in an aseptic room.

  The details of why the foliage can be obtained efficiently by culturing the crushed raw yarn body on the porous substrate have not been clarified. The inventor thinks that the differentiation into the foliage is promoted by the mechanical stimulation.

  According to the present invention, it has become possible to efficiently produce foliage from an original thread body that has been difficult to differentiate artificially. Therefore, the present invention has an effect that it can provide a means capable of efficiently producing a large amount of moss that will expand its use as a planting plant.

It is a mimetic diagram showing one embodiment of a moss production device concerning the present invention. (A) is a photograph after culturing for 1 month after applying a crushed raw yarn body on a plate-like brick, and (b) after applying a crushed raw yarn body on a plate-like brick. (C) is a photograph after culturing for 3 months, (c) is a photograph after culturing for 1 month after applying the crushed raw thread body to the outer surface of the unglazed pot. Fig. 4 is a photograph of culturing for 3 months after applying the crushed raw thread body to the outer surface of an unglazed pot. (A) is a photograph after culturing for one month after applying a non-crushed raw yarn body on a plate-like brick, and (b) applying a non-crushed raw yarn body on a plate-like brick. It is a photograph after having been cultured for 3 months. It is a photograph after culturing for 2 months after applying the crushed raw thread body on a plate-like brick, and only the raw thread body grows in the nutrient solution, and the foliage grows in the gas phase. Indicates that

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described as follows. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be implemented in a mode in which various modifications are made within the described range.

[1. Moss production method according to the present invention]
The moss production method according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the production method of the present invention”) includes a crushing step of crushing the moss raw yarn body, and the raw yarn body obtained by the crushing step using the surface of the porous substrate. At least a part of the surface of the porous base material on which a part of the porous base material is immersed in a nutrient solution and the raw yarn body is applied. Is characterized by being exposed to the gas phase.

  Moss forms a protonema in which spores germinate and cells are arranged in a line. After that, the mitotic body grows by repeating cell division, and then differentiates into a shoot and leaf body (gametophore) that can be distinguished from a stem and a leaf through a chloronema cell, a cowronema cell, a cowronema side branch progenitor cell, and a bud in this order. (Grow). Differentiation from the protofilament to the foliage occurs only when certain conditions are met. In addition, the rate of differentiation from the original mycelium to the foliage is very low (about several percent). In particular, the conditions under which differentiation from the original mycelium into the foliage has not been known so far, and it has been extremely difficult to cause such differentiation artificially. The present invention discloses a means for efficiently causing differentiation from an original thread body into a foliage body.

  Here, the moss targeted in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be sens or Thais. Examples of sens include, but are not limited to, genus Rhacomitrium Bird. , Sphagnum spp. , Chishima Shippogoke, Aoshippogoke, Namishippogoke, Nagashippogoke, Himekamojigoke, Cochamojigoke, Takanekamojigoke, Fujisippogoke, Kagamikasugoke, Nashippo Dicranum Hedw. Hypnum Hedw. Such as Ezohaigoke, Rhizogonium Brid. Such as Hinokigoke, Hiroha Hinokigoke, Harihinokigoke, and the like can be used.

  Examples of the Thais include, Modoki, Yamatokuragomodokudo, Nagabakuramagokemodoki, Okuramagokemodoki, Nisbikikayagoke, Kekuramagokemodoki, Hosokuramagokemodoki, etc. (Porella.L), Mushrooms belonging to the genus Bazzania S.Gray and the like can be used, such as Futabamuchigoke, Salivamuchigoke, Yamamuchigoke, Muchigoke, Komchigoke, Maebaramuchigoke.

  In particular, snails (Rhacomitrium Canescens) such as snails, high snails, and Ezosnagokes are preferable as greening plants, and thus are preferable as targets of the production method of the present invention. The moss can eliminate soil and fertilization when used as a greening plant, and can survive, for example, in a very dry situation without placing an excessive burden on the wall surface of the building. Although the growth rate is extremely slow in a natural environment, these moss can be produced in large quantities and efficiently by applying the present invention.

  The method for obtaining the moss thread body is not particularly limited. For example, when moss is planted on soil or a medium by the soaking method, the growth and growth of the thread body is recognized from the foliage. In addition, when moss spores are cultured on soil or a medium, germination and elongation occur, and an original thread body can be easily obtained. The protofilament can be grown in suspension culture, agar culture, or the like. In addition, moss spores can be obtained by collecting a large number of spore sac before the spore sac is opened in the moss producing the spore sac, artificially incising each spore sac and taking out the spore inside. it can. If sterile spores are required, the spore sac can be sterilized with hypochlorous acid or the like, and the spores can be taken out in a clean bench. That is, a person skilled in the art can easily understand how to obtain a moss yarn.

  The production method of the present invention may include a step of obtaining moss spores, a step of germinating moss spores to obtain an original thread body, and the like. The said process is not specifically limited, A conventionally well-known method may be employ | adopted suitably.

[Crushing process]
The production method of the present invention includes a crushing step of crushing the raw moss body. The method for crushing the raw yarn body is not particularly limited as long as it is a means capable of crushing the raw yarn body, and conventionally known crushing methods can be appropriately employed. As a crushing method, for example, crushing using ultrasonic waves, crushing using a mortar, mechanical cutting, a crushing method combining these, or the like can be employed. The preferred degree of crushing of the raw yarn body by the crushing step is not particularly limited, and can be determined after examining the degree of crushing that can achieve the object of the present invention.

[Culture process]
Next, the culture process included in the production method of the present invention will be described. This culturing step is a culturing step in which the raw yarn obtained by the crushing step is applied to the surface of the porous substrate and cultured. In carrying out the culturing step, a part of the porous substrate is immersed in a nutrient solution, and at least a part of the surface of the porous substrate on which the raw yarn body is applied is exposed to the gas phase. Yes. The culture process in the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic view (front view) of an embodiment of an apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “moss production apparatus”) used to implement a moss production method according to the present invention. The moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a porous substrate 1, a culture tank 2, and a crushing means 3 for crushing a moss raw yarn body. A porous substrate 1 is installed in the culture tank 2, and the nutrient solution 4 is introduced into the culture tank 2 so that at least a part of the porous substrate 1 is exposed to the gas phase 6. Further, the culture tank 2 of the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is a closed system so that the culture process can be performed in an aseptic environment.

  The pore diameter in the porous substrate 1 is not particularly limited, but is such that the pore can serve as a scaffold for growth of moss and foliage, and the nutrient solution can be sucked up by capillary action. It is preferable from the viewpoint. The material of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, and may be ceramic, resin, metal, or the like. As the porous substrate, for example, unglazed bricks can be employed. Further, the shape of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, and any shape such as a prismatic shape, a columnar shape, a spherical shape, or an acupoint shape can be adopted.

  The moss raw yarn body (raw material crushed material 5) crushed by the crushing means 3 is applied to the surface of the porous substrate 1 exposed to the gas phase. Thereby, a part of the porous base material 1 is immersed in the nutrient solution 4, and at least a part of the porous base material 1 coated with the crushed yarn body 5 is exposed to the gas phase 6. Become. In the production method of the present invention, after the crushed raw material 5 is applied to the surface of the porous base material 1, at least a part of the porous base material 1 to which the crushed raw material 5 is applied is a gas phase 6. The porous base material 1 may be immersed in the nutrient solution 4 filled in the culture tank 2 so as to be in a state exposed to. In the production method of the present invention, the entire porous base material 1 should not be immersed in the nutrient solution 4, and at least a part of the porous base material 1 coated with the raw yarn crushed material 5 is open. It is necessary to be exposed to Phase 6. This is because when the crushed yarn body 5 is immersed in the nutrient solution 4, it has been confirmed by the present inventors that the fibrillar body remains as it is without differentiation into foliage (described later). See Examples). The gas constituting the gas phase 6 in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as moss can grow, and means air, oxygen, and the like.

  The porous substrate 1 is partly immersed in the nutrient solution 4 and the culturing step in a state where at least a part of the porous substrate 1 coated with the crushed raw material 5 is exposed to the gas phase 6. Is implemented. The temperature of the gas phase 6 and / or the nutrient solution 4 in the culture process does not need to be controlled to be constant, and may be performed at room temperature. However, it is preferable that the temperature of the gas phase 6 and / or the nutrient solution 4 is controlled to be a constant value in order to differentiate the raw yarn body into the foliage body more efficiently. The temperature of the gas phase 6 and / or the nutrient solution 4 is preferably controlled to 0 to 40 ° C, more preferably 5 to 30 ° C. When the temperature is within the above preferable temperature range, it is expected that moss grows better and efficiency of differentiation into foliage increases.

  The nutrient solution that can be used in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid in which moss can grow, and a nutrient solution known as a liquid in which moss can grow can be appropriately selected. . Although this invention is not limited to this, As a nutrient solution, the nutrient solution described, for example in patent documents 1-3 can be applied to this invention. That is, a solution containing a commercially available plant fertilizer (such as Hyponex (registered trademark)) can be used as a nutrient solution. Moreover, as a preferable density | concentration of a plant fertilizer, it is 0-1.0 in electrical conductivity (mS / cm), Preferably it is 0-0.2. By containing plant fertilizer in the above-mentioned preferable concentration range in the nutrient solution, moss grows faster. Further, as the nutrient solution, MS medium (Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962) Physiol. Plant. 15, 473-497.), White medium, B5 (Gamborg) medium, Nitsch medium, Heller medium, Shenk & Hildebrandt medium, Nitsch & Nitsch medium, LS (RM-1965) medium, Kohlenbach & Schmidt medium, Knop medium, Knudson C medium, Hyponex medium, etc. are applicable. In Examples described later, Knop medium (reference: Knop, W. (1865) Quantitative Untersuchungen uber die Ernah Rungsprozesse der Pflanze. Die Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs-Stationen. 7: 93-107.) Was used as a nutrient solution.

  The nutrient solution preferably contains a plant hormone. Examples of plant hormones include ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin (indole acetic acid), cytokinin (zeatin), gibberellin (gibberellic acid), and the like. Among these, plant growth hormone is preferable, and among them, auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin are preferable. Gibberellin is most preferred because of its large growth promoting effect. These may be used alone or in combination and / or in combination. The concentration of plant growth hormone is preferably 0.01 to 0.2 ppm, more preferably 0.1 ppm, which is about 1000 times thinner than the concentration used for normal horticulture because it causes physiological disorders. The nutrient solution may be replaced every cycle of moss production, but it is preferable to circulate the nutrient solution and use it repeatedly. It is because it is recognized that the growth rate of moss is increased by repeated use due to the influence of symbiotic bacteria present in the nutrient solution.

  The moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a closed system in which a lid (not shown) is attached to the culture tank 2 so that the culture process can be performed in an aseptic environment, and the inside of the culture tank 2 is blocked from the outside. It has become. Although the moss production method according to the present invention may be carried out in an open system, it is more preferable to carry out the sterilization system because it can avoid the adverse effects caused by the propagation of miscellaneous bacteria. Moreover, since it can prevent that the nutrient solution 4 evaporates and goes out of the culture tank 2, it leads also to the saving of the nutrient solution 4. FIG. When culturing in an aseptic environment, the sterilization (autoclave sterilization, ethylene oxide sterilization, etc.) of the porous substrate 1, the culture tank 2 (at least the inside), and the nutrient solution 4 other than the crushed raw yarn body 5 is performed. It is necessary to keep it. At this time, it is preferable that the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can aseptically flow gas such as air through a filter or the like. In the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the culture tank 2 is a closed system. However, in the present invention, the culture tank 2 may be installed in a sterile room which is a closed system space.

  By performing the culturing process as described above, the moss raw yarn applied to the porous substrate 1 is differentiated into foliage. About the implementation time of a culture process, it does not specifically limit and a culture process should just be continued until a foliage appears.

[2. Moss production apparatus according to the present invention]
A moss production apparatus according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “production apparatus of the present invention”) includes a porous base material, a culture tank into which a nutrient solution is introduced, and a means for crushing the moss raw yarn body. It is characterized by. The production apparatus of the present invention is suitable for carrying out the production method of the present invention described above. An embodiment of the production apparatus of the present invention will be described using the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the member already demonstrated in description of "1. Moss production method concerning this invention".

  Although FIG. 1 describes an embodiment in which one porous substrate 1 is installed, an embodiment in which a plurality of porous substrates 1 are installed may be used.

  The crushing means 3 of the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is not particularly limited as long as it can carry out the crushing step in the production method of the present invention. , Mortar and pestle, etc. may be employed. In FIG. 1, the crushing means 3 is installed outside the culture tank 2, but may be installed in the culture tank 2.

  Moreover, the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 may be provided with means (temperature control means) for controlling the temperature of the nutrient solution 4 and / or the gas phase 6. Conventionally known means such as a heater with a thermostat and a cooler can be used as the temperature control means. Moreover, in the aspect in which the culture tank 2 is installed in the aseptic room, the temperature of the aseptic room may be controlled with an air conditioner.

  Further, the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 may be provided with an air pump, an air valve, a pressure control device, an air filter for allowing gas to flow in and out in a sterile state, etc. Good.

  Further, the moss production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 may be provided with a light source. Any light source such as a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent lamp, and an LED lamp can be adopted as the light source.

  Hereinafter, examples will be shown, and the embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and it goes without saying that various aspects are possible in detail. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope shown in the claims, and the present invention is also applied to the embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the disclosed technical means. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.

  Moreover, all the academic literatures and patent literatures described in this specification are incorporated herein by reference.

[Example 1]
(Method) Spores of Ezo sphagnum were prepared using Knop medium (reference: Knop, W. (1865) Quantitative Untersuchungen uber die Ernah Rungsprozesse der Pflanze. Die Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs-Stationen. 7: 93-107.) The original yarn body was obtained by liquid culture for months.

  The raw yarn body of Ezosagogo obtained above was subjected to an ultrasonic crusher (BRANSON, SONIFIER 250) and crushed at room temperature for about 30 seconds. The operating condition of the ultrasonic crusher was OUTPUT2 DUTYCYCLE50.

  A crushed material (about 1 mg) of the raw yarn was applied to the surface of a plate-like brick (porous body). Next, this plate brick was immersed in a culture vessel containing a nutrient solution (Knop medium). At this time, the surface on which the raw yarn body was applied was made to be above the surface of the nutrient solution (that is, exposed to the gas phase).

  This culture vessel was placed in a sterile room and cultured at 25 ° C. During the culture period, the moss yarn was irradiated with fluorescent light.

  (Results) FIG. 2 (a) shows a photograph of the plate brick after one month of culture, and FIG. 2 (b) shows a photograph of the plate brick after three months of culture. It was confirmed that Ezothna moss that had differentiated from the original mycelium into the foliage was prosperous in 3 months of culture.

  A photograph of the plate-like brick after 2 months of culture is shown in FIG. It was confirmed from FIG. 4 that the foliage of Ezothna moss grows in the area exposed to the gas phase and grows in the nutrient solution in the original form. In other words, it was found that the pulverized raw yarn body needs to be exposed to the gas phase in order to differentiate from the raw yarn body to the foliage body.

[Example 2]
(Method) An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an unglazed pot (porous body) was used instead of the plate-like brick.

  (Results) FIG. 2 (c) shows a photo of the acupoint after 1 month of culture, and FIG. 2 (d) shows a photo of the acupoint after 3 months of culture. In the same manner as in Example 1, it was confirmed that Ezothna moss that had differentiated from the original thread body into the foliage body was prosperous in 3 months of culture. In other words, it can be seen that, regardless of the type and shape of the porous substrate, it is possible to differentiate from the original yarn body to the foliage body by applying the ground yarn body to the surface of the porous substrate and culturing. It was.

[Comparative Example 1]
(Method) The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that an unpulverized raw material of Ezosagogo was used.

  (Results) FIG. 3 (a) shows a photograph of the plate brick after one month of culture, and FIG. 3 (b) shows a photograph of the plate brick after three months of culture. Even after 3 months from the start of the culture, no foliage was seen, and it was almost destroyed.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the means which can produce moss in large quantities and efficiently can be provided. Moss is greatly expected to be used not only for horticulture and landscaping, but also as a plant for fixing carbon dioxide and greening plants. Therefore, the present invention is used not only in the fields of horticulture and landscaping but also in the fields related to the environment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Porous base material 2 Culture tank 3 Crushing means 4 Nutrient solution 5 Crushing raw thread body 6 Gas phase

Claims (5)

A crushing step of crushing the moss yarn body, and a culturing step of applying and culturing the yarn body obtained by the crushing step on the surface of the porous substrate,
In the culturing step, a part of the porous base material is immersed in a nutrient solution, and at least a part of the surface of the porous base material coated with the raw yarn body is exposed to the gas phase. Moss production method.   The method for producing moss according to claim 1, wherein the culturing step is performed in an aseptic environment. A porous substrate, a culture tank into which a nutrient solution is introduced, and a means for crushing the moss yarn body,
The moss production apparatus, wherein the porous substrate is placed in a culture tank into which a nutrient solution is introduced.   The apparatus for producing moss according to claim 3, wherein the culture tank into which the nutrient solution is introduced is a closed system.   4. The apparatus for producing moss according to claim 3, wherein a culture tank into which the porous base material and nutrient solution are charged is provided in a sterile room.