JP2011033302A - Humidity control ventilator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve a problem that a humidity control technique using desiccant which is now being introduced is a large-scaled technique which is not suitable for ordinary homes in terms of cost, while there is a problem to be solved from a viewpoint of global warming prevention that increase in air-conditioning load along with ventilation reinforcement, especially in humidity control load for dehumidification and humidification, directly causes increase in power consumption. <P>SOLUTION: The desiccant 2, which repeats water vapor adsorption from inside the air and water vapor discharge into the air by relative humidity difference of the air, is stored in a container. An indoor-side pipe 3 and an outdoor-side pipe 4 connected to the container are installed with a pair of fans 6 having different ventilation directions and a temperature adjusting device part 5. Operations of the fans 6 and the temperature adjusting device part 5 are controlled by a control device 7 to alternately perform air-supply operation and exhausting operation, which makes humidity conditions of indoor air along with the air supply approach a predetermined value to reduce load on an air conditioner. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilator that allows ventilation of indoor air while maintaining indoor spaces such as a residence, office, commercial facility, gymnasium, and event venue in a comfortable temperature and humidity state.

  In recent years, the trend of global warming has become prominent, and high-efficiency use (energy conservation activities) of fossil fuels has been promoted as a countermeasure against the emission of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas.

  In particular, air conditioning equipment in the consumer sector (household and business) is still being introduced and the amount of energy used is expanding. Therefore, improving the efficiency of air conditioning equipment and systems to reduce the amount used is an urgent issue. It is.

  However, the high airtightness of houses and office buildings, which is being implemented as part of energy conservation measures in the consumer sector, has caused adverse effects such as sick house syndrome caused by harmful chemical substances generated from furniture and building materials. Introduced as a measure to strengthen ventilation (standards) in homes. However, an effective humidity control ventilator is indispensable because enhanced ventilation leads to an increase in the air-conditioning load caused by the outside air, particularly a latent heat load such as dehumidification and humidification.

  In recent years, desiccant humidity control technology that does not rely on cooling and dehumidification or electric heating and humidification has been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1 below, two desiccants (dehumidifiers installed in the moisture absorption / desorption device) are alternately switched to and connected to the flow path of processing air and regeneration air, and one desiccant treats the processing air. An air conditioning system is described in which the other desiccant is regenerated with regenerated air when adsorbing moisture therein.

JP 2007-032912 A

  However, the desiccant air conditioning system described in Patent Document 1 employs a method of controlling the three-way valve in switching between the air supply mode operation and the exhaust mode operation, and thus the size and cost of the device cannot be avoided. . As a countermeasure, efforts have been made to reduce the size of the three-way valve, but there is a problem that the flow velocity of the passing air increases and the ventilation loss exceeds the applicable range.

  In addition, most of the dehumidifying agents used in conventional desiccant humidity control apparatuses are those that solidify by heating after molding a clay-like substance containing a hygroscopic material (so-called pottery), so that a large amount of energy is used during production and a large size Although they are used mainly for commercial use due to their high price, they are not widely used in the household sector.

  By the way, in areas such as Southeast Asia and the Middle East coast where the environment is hot and humid all year round, the air to be treated is cooled below the dew point with an air conditioner to ensure dehumidification, and moisture in the air (water vapor) ) Is condensed and converted to water.

In general, the cooling theory COP (coefficient of performance) of an air conditioner is defined by the following equation based on the evaporation temperature (Teva) and the condensation temperature (Tcon) of the working medium.
(Theoretical COP) = (Teva) / [(Tcon) − (Teva)] (however, the temperature is an absolute temperature).
Therefore, when the dehumidifying operation is performed by the air conditioner, the condensation temperature (Tcon) is determined by the outside air temperature, but the evaporation temperature (Teva) needs to be lower than the dew point. As a result, [(Tcon) − ( The value of Teva)] was increased, the theoretical COP during cooling was decreased, and the energy efficiency was deteriorated.

  Therefore, if cooling and dehumidification by the air conditioner is not required, the air conditioner only needs to lower the air temperature to about 24 ° C., and (Teva) increases and the theoretical COP is improved.

For example, in summer operation (eg, when cooling outside air with a temperature of 33 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% to a temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%) under the conditions of Teva = 8 ° C and Tcon = 43 ° C,
(Theoretical COP) = (8 + 273) / (43−8) = 8.0.
On the other hand, if dehumidification is not required, Teva = 19 ° C and Tcon = 43 ° C.
(Theoretical COP) = (19 + 273) / (43-19) = 12.2.
The theoretical efficiency increases by 50%, and the cooling load does not contain the heat of condensation, so the energy consumption of the air conditioner can be greatly improved.

Similarly, since the outside air dries in the winter and dry seasons, humidification is essential for ventilation. For indoor humidification, a steam generator using electric heating is used.
On the other hand, if moisture contained in the air discharged from the room to the outside air can be separated and recovered and added to the introduced air from the outside air, the humidification load is reduced, and energy saving is also ensured.

  In this way, a great deal of energy is used for humidity adjustment in our living environment, and it can be said that dehumidification accompanying ventilation, high efficiency of humidification means, and energy saving are effective for global warming countermeasures.

  Therefore, the main problem of the present invention is to reduce the size of the system in a desiccant device capable of moisture conditioning ventilation while exchanging moisture between room air and outside air in order to prevent an increase in air-conditioning load accompanying enhanced ventilation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a humidity control ventilation device that realizes improvement in maintainability and cost reduction through a simple configuration.

According to the present invention, in a ventilator having an air supply mode for supplying outside air to the room and an exhaust mode for discharging indoor air to the outside, moisture that incorporates a dehumidifying agent and dehumidifies the circulating air or humidifies the circulating air. In addition to the suction / desorption device section, at least one set of blower devices (hereinafter referred to as fans) with the airflow directions reversed in the middle of the indoor-side piping and the outdoor-side piping connected to the moisture absorption / desorption device portion, The fan installed in the outdoor pipe is stopped when the fan installed in the indoor pipe is in operation, and the fan installed in the indoor pipe is stopped when the fan installed in the outdoor pipe is in operation. Since the air supply mode operation and the exhaust mode operation are alternately repeated by the on / off control of the fans installed in each pipe, a flow path switching device such as a three-way valve is installed. Rukoto without switching the exhaust mode operation and the air supply mode operation can be easily performed.
This provides a humidity control ventilation device characterized by a simple configuration, lightweight and compact and easy to maintain.

  In addition, when the absolute humidity of the indoor air set as the air conditioning conditions is low compared to the outside air, such as during the summer and the rainy season, the indoor air passes through the heating temperature control unit during the exhaust mode operation. Later, since the dehumidifying agent is guided to the dehumidifying agent in the moisture adsorption / desorption device, a regeneration operation for drying (regenerating) the dehumidifying material is performed. Therefore, in the air supply mode operation after the exhaust mode operation, a large amount of moisture is used. The humidity control ventilator is characterized in that the outside air is dehumidified with a dehumidifying agent installed in the moisture absorption / desorption device and then introduced into the room, so that the outside air with low absolute humidity is supplied to the room. Provided.

  Similarly, in conditions where the absolute humidity of the indoor air set as air conditioning conditions is high compared to the outside air, such as in the winter or dry season, after the outside air passes through the temperature control device for heating during the air supply mode operation. Since it is guided to the dehumidifying agent in the moisture absorption / desorption device part, the regeneration operation to dry (regenerate) the dehumidifying agent is performed, and consequently the moisture retention amount of the introduced outside air increases, so winter ventilation There is provided a humidity control ventilator characterized in that the indoor absolute humidity can be maintained higher than the outside air even at times.

  In this way, the absolute humidity detection device that measures the absolute humidity of the room air and the outside air during the supply mode operation and the exhaust mode operation of the humidity control ventilator that ventilates the room air and the outside air is installed. Providing a humidity control ventilator that makes it possible to supply air with appropriate absolute humidity more effectively into the room by passing the dehumidifier in the moisture adsorption / desorption device after passing low air at the temperature control device Is done.

  Furthermore, by installing a plurality of humidity control ventilators with such functions and shifting the timing of the air supply mode operation and the exhaust mode operation, indoor ventilation is always performed continuously. Is possible. Thereby, the humidity control ventilator characterized by continuous ventilation of room air is provided.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, as the temperature control device section for heating, not only an electric heater but also a heat exchanger using exhaust heat or a condensing heat exchanger of an air conditioner for air conditioning is used, so as a heat source for heating Exhaust heat or energy equivalent to exhaust heat can be used. Thereby, the humidity control ventilation apparatus with high energy saving property is provided.

  In the present invention, as a dehumidifying agent installed inside the moisture adsorption / desorption device, a polymer sorbent or imogolite particles are applied as a dehumidifying agent to the surface of paper or resin having a cross-section of cardboard. Therefore, it has become possible to use an extremely lightweight dehumidifier. Thereby, the weight of the entire apparatus is reduced, and a humidity control ventilation apparatus that is inexpensive and highly reliable is provided.

  As described above, if the humidity control ventilator of the present invention is used, even if the ventilation enhancement required as a countermeasure against sick house syndrome is implemented, the accompanying increase in air conditioning load can be suppressed to the minimum. Moreover, since the dehumidification load of the existing air conditioning system can be reduced, humidity-controlled ventilation with an energy saving effect can be achieved compared to the conventional case.

  The essence of the present invention is that only moisture can be exchanged between indoor air and outdoor air having a difference in absolute humidity. In other words, since it is a humidity control ventilation device that repeats supply and ventilation at regular intervals, the dehumidifying agent adsorption process is performed by turning on and off at least one set of fans with different ventilation directions installed in the indoor piping and outdoor piping. And the drying (regeneration) process are switched, and air having a low relative humidity is formed by heating the air having a low absolute humidity out of the room air and the outside air, so that the room air flowing into the dehumidifier There is a clear difference in the relative humidity of the outside air, and highly efficient moisture exchange with a dehumidifying agent is possible.

  In addition, airflow can be reversed without using a three-way valve, which has been indispensable for flow path switching in the past, so it is possible to provide a humidity-controlled ventilation device that is lightweight, compact and easy to maintain along with downsizing the device. became.

Mainly in the moisture adsorption / desorption device part 1 that forms the humidity control ventilator 10 according to the present invention during operation in the summer, the dehumidifying agent 2, the temperature control device part 5 and the moisture adsorption / desorption device part 1 installed therein. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the indoor side pipe 3, the outdoor side pipe 4, and the fan 6 to be connected. Structure explanatory drawing of the moisture absorption / desorption apparatus part 1 and the corrugated cardboard-shaped dehumidifying agent 2 which apply | coated the polymer sorbent. It is the figure which showed the state of the air temperature and humidity of each part of a flow path at the time of the exhaust mode operation | movement at the time of the summer season or rainy season when the absolute humidity of room air is low. It is the figure which showed the state of the temperature of each part of a flow path, and the humidity state at the time of the air supply mode driving | operation of winter when the absolute humidity of room air is high compared with external air.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a moisture absorption / desorption device section 1 according to the present invention, a dehumidifying agent 2 and a temperature control device section 5 installed therein, and a chamber connected to the moisture absorption / desorption apparatus section 1 during exhaust mode operation in summer. The whole humidity control ventilation apparatus comprised from the inner side piping 3, the outdoor side piping 4, the fan 6, and the control apparatus 7 is shown.

  The moisture adsorption / desorption device unit 1 includes a dehumidifying agent 2 and a temperature control device unit 5 and performs dehumidification or humidification of the passing air. Moreover, the temperature control apparatus parts 5a and 5b heat the air which passes. Fans 6 a and 6 b are installed in the middle of each of the indoor pipe 3 and the outdoor pipe 4. The fans 6 installed in the indoor side pipe 3 and the outdoor side pipe 4 have opposite air blowing directions, and their operation is controlled by the control device 7. That is, when the fan 6a installed in the indoor pipe 3 is operating, the fan 6b installed in the outdoor pipe 4 is in a stopped state, and the fan 6b installed in the outdoor pipe 4 is in an operating state. At some time, the fan 6a installed in the indoor pipe 3 is stopped. Also, under conditions where the absolute humidity of the outside air is high, such as during summer and the rainy season, the indoor temperature controller 5a is operated only in the exhaust mode operation to heat the indoor air to be exhausted. It goes without saying that the operation and stop of the fans 6a and 6b and the temperature adjusting device 5a are adjusted by the control device 7. Incidentally, the temperature control unit 5b is not operated during operation in summer or rainy season.

  FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing the shape of the dehumidifying agent 2 installed inside the moisture adsorption / desorption device section 1. In FIG. 2, the moisture absorbing / desorbing device 1 has a box shape with a rectangular cross section, and the internal dehumidifying agent 2 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that matches the shape of the moisture absorbing / desorbing device 1. In the ventilator, the moisture absorption / desorption device unit 1 and the dehumidifying agent may both be cylindrical. In this case, the dehumidifying agent 2 can be formed by winding a corrugated flat plate spirally.

  FIG. 3 shows the temperature of the air passing through each part during the exhaust mode operation in summer in the humidity control ventilator 10 thus configured, where the absolute humidity of the room air set during air conditioning is lower than the absolute humidity of the outside air. It is the figure which showed the state of humidity.

Similarly, FIG. 4 shows the temperature and humidity conditions of air passing through each part during the air supply mode operation in winter when the absolute humidity of the room air is higher than the absolute humidity of the outside air.
In the winter season, the temperature controller 5b installed inside the moisture adsorption / desorption device 1 shown in FIG. 1 operates during the air supply mode operation and heats the outside air introduced. Incidentally, the temperature control unit 5a is not operated during the winter operation.

  Further, by using a plurality of humidity control ventilation devices 10 for one room and adjusting the operation timing of each humidity control ventilation device 10 by a common control device 7, the outside air is always introduced into the room. At the same time, the room air can be exhausted to the outside.

Configuration and Function of Humidity Control Ventilator The configuration and function of the humidity control ventilator 10 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, a dehumidifying agent 2 coated with a polymer sorbent that is installed in a breathable state is installed inside the moisture adsorption / desorption device unit 1. The outside air or room air passes through the dehumidifying agent 2 at an appropriate interval by the action of the fan 6 that repeatedly starts and stops in response to a command from the control device 7, and repeats the air supply operation mode and the exhaust operation mode.

  Moisture (water vapor) in the air is adsorbed to or desorbed from the dehumidifier 2 by using the relative humidity difference between the air at the entrance of the dehumidifier when the outside air and the room air pass through the dehumidifier.

  Therefore, the outside air having a low absolute humidity is heated by the temperature control device 5b in winter, and the relative humidity is further reduced. When the outside air having a low relative humidity is guided to the dehumidifying agent 2, the outside air receives moisture from the dehumidifying agent 2 and flows into the room with an appropriate absolute humidity.

Similarly, since the absolute humidity of the outside air is high in the summer, moisture is absorbed from the outside air that passes through the dehumidifying agent 2, and the outside air flows into the room after the absolute humidity is lowered. For this purpose, the exhaust from the room is heated by the temperature control unit 5a, and the relative humidity is lowered and led to the dehumidifying agent. The dehumidifier is regenerated as a result of the moisture release to room air with low relative humidity.
In the example of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the room air of about 26 ° C. that has passed through the temperature control device 5 a is heated to 40 ° C. or more, and after the relative humidity is reduced, the dehumidifying agent is allowed to pass through. While performing regeneration, the absolute humidity of the room air is increased and exhausted to the outside.

  During the air supply mode operation, the fan 6b is operated to take in the outside air from the outside, pass the moisture absorption / desorption device section 1, and then guide the outside air into the room through the stopped fan 6a. Similarly, during the exhaust mode operation, the fan 6a is operated, and the indoor air is sucked from the room, passed through the moisture absorption / desorption device unit 1, and then exhausted to the outside through the fan 6b in a stopped state.

  The ventilation direction of the fan 6a and the fan 6b is opposite, and the other is in a resting state during one operation, so that a draft resistance is generated by the fan that is basically stopped. However, since the stopped fan rotates freely due to the generation of draft resistance, the draft resistance value is relatively small, and it can be confirmed that the increase in power consumption is comparable to that during operation that reverses the fan and reduces draft resistance. It was. Considering the fan-up by the control for the reverse rotation of the fan, it is desirable to actively put it in the stop (free rotation) state.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the dehumidifying agent 2 installed in the moisture absorbing / desorbing device portion 1 so as to allow ventilation is preferably a honeycomb or corrugated cardboard-shaped cross section. Of course, it is considered that a shape in which only a granular dehumidifier is placed on the shelf has a similar effect, but the former is desirable from the viewpoint of ventilation characteristics and adsorption / desorption performance.

  Many dehumidifying agents having a corrugated corrugated corrugated cardboard-shaped cross section are already on the market. Since many of the commercially available products are used in a rotary desiccant apparatus, they are cylindrical and have both ends finished in a smooth plane because they are in sliding contact with the seal. On the other hand, since the dehumidifying agent 2 installed in a state in which ventilation is possible inside the moisture adsorption / desorption device part 1 according to the present invention is in a fixed state and does not have a sliding part, smooth finishing of its end face is also unnecessary. It can be said that it is essentially mass-productive.

  As described above, since the condition required for the dehumidifying agent 2 is mainly air permeability, it is not necessary to manufacture as a rotor, and the selection range of the dehumidifying agent to be used is of course widened. In addition, an inexpensive pipe fan is also suitable as the fan, and the cost can be greatly reduced. In the present invention, a proven polymer sorbent is applied to the paper or resin as the dehumidifying agent 2 and used in a corrugated cardboard shape. Therefore, the weight is reduced and the overall weight of the device can be reduced. It is also advantageous.

Operation state of humidity control ventilator Next, an example of the operation state of the humidity control ventilator will be described in detail.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature / humidity state of air passing through each part of the apparatus during the exhaust mode operation (regeneration operation) in summer. In the summer, the room air is generally 26 ° C and 50% RH, but when this room air passes through the temperature control unit 5a by the fan 6a, the temperature is 43 ° C and the relative humidity is 25% RH (hereinafter, each unit) Only). On the other hand, the outdoor temperature in summer is about 30 ° C and 60% RH, so a relative humidity difference of 35 points between 25% indoor air (regenerated air) and 60% outside air can be secured. Thereby, dehumidification of the outside air with a high relative humidity is possible.

  On the other hand, during the air supply mode operation in winter when the absolute humidity of the indoor air set at the time of air conditioning is higher than the absolute humidity of the outside air, the temperature control unit 5b is made operable and together with the fan 6b during the air supply mode operation. Make it work.

  During the air supply mode operation in winter, as shown in FIG. 4, first, the outside air (10 ° C., 50% RH) is led to the temperature control device 5b by the fan 6b, and becomes about 38 ° C., 10% RH. Into the dehumidifying agent 2. The outside air after passing through the dehumidifying agent 2 is led to the room at a temperature of 28 ° C. and 30% RH. Since the indoor air is about 26 ° C and 45% RH, 35 points are secured for the relative humidity difference between the outside air and the room air.

  By operating the humidity control ventilator, the absolute humidity of the outside air can be supplied indoors close to the indoor conditions, so the dehumidification load and humidifier load of the air conditioner that occurs due to ventilation can be greatly reduced, and comfort is improved. It is possible to provide a humidity control ventilator that suppresses an increase in energy consumption without loss.

1 ... moisture absorption / desorption device,
2 ... Dehumidifier,
3 ... Indoor piping
4 ... Outdoor piping,
5a ... Indoor temperature control unit,
5b: outdoor temperature control unit 6a: indoor side fan,
6b: outdoor fan,
7 ... Control device,
10 ... Humidity control equipment

Claims (6)

  In a ventilator having an air supply mode for supplying outside air to the room and an exhaust mode for exhausting room air to the outside, a dehumidifying agent is incorporated and a moisture adsorbing / desorbing device for dehumidifying the circulating air or humidifying the circulating air is provided. At least one set of air blowers (hereinafter referred to as fans) with the airflow direction reversed is installed in the middle of the indoor pipe and the outdoor pipe connected to the moisture adsorption / desorption device, and installed in the outdoor pipe. When the fan is in operation, the fan installed in the indoor pipe is stopped, and when the fan installed in the indoor pipe is in operation, the fan installed in the outdoor pipe is stopped. A humidity control ventilator characterized in that mode operation is repeated alternately by fan operation control.   In a ventilator having an air supply mode for supplying outside air to the room and an exhaust mode for exhausting room air to the outside, a dehumidifying agent is incorporated and a moisture adsorbing / desorbing device for dehumidifying the circulating air or humidifying the circulating air is provided. And a pair of temperature control devices for heating the circulating air before and after the dehumidifying agent incorporated in the moisture adsorption / desorption device, and an indoor pipe and an outdoor pipe connected to the moisture adsorption / desorption device During the operation, at least one set of fans with the opposite ventilation directions were installed, and when the fans installed in the indoor piping were in operation, the fans installed in the outdoor piping were stopped and installed in the outdoor piping When the fan is in operation, the fan installed in the indoor pipe is stopped, and one of the temperature control devices is installed so as to heat the air during the circulation of the air for regenerating the dehumidifier in the outside air or the room air. A humidity control ventilator characterized by performing an air supply mode operation and an exhaust mode operation alternately by performing operation control.   By installing a plurality of humidity control ventilators according to claim 1 or 2 and shifting the phases of the air supply mode operation and the exhaust mode operation of different humidity control ventilators, the ventilation is always carried out continuously. Humidity control ventilator characterized by comprising.   In the humidity control ventilator according to claim 2, in a condition where the absolute humidity of the outside air is higher than the absolute humidity of the room air, the room air discharged during the exhaust mode operation is heated in front of the dehumidifying agent. When the temperature control unit on the indoor side is operated and the absolute humidity of the outside air is lower than the absolute humidity of the room air, the outside air introduced during the air supply mode operation is heated before the dehumidifier. A humidity control ventilator comprising a humidity detecting means for controlling the temperature control unit on the outdoor side to operate.   5. The humidity control ventilator according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the heating source of the temperature control unit is an electric heater, a heat exchanger using hot waste water, or a condensation heat exchanger of an air conditioner for air conditioning. Humidity control ventilation device.   6. The humidity control and ventilation device according to claim 1, wherein the dehumidifying agent in the moisture adsorption / desorption device is a means such as applying or swallowing a polymer sorbent or a moisture adsorbent of imogolite. Formed by alternately laminating corrugated (corrugated) corrugated (sheet-like) plates made of paper, resin, glass fiber, metal, etc. A humidity control ventilation device characterized by being a cardboard-like structure.