JP2009019788A - Desiccant air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a desiccant air conditioner free from energy missing in accompany with ventilation and having high energy efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: This desiccant air conditioner has a honeycomb rotor holding a humidity adsorbent and a carbon dioxide adsorbent to perform the tasks, the honeycomb rotor is divided into at least an adsorption zone and a desorption zone, the indoor air is passed to the adsorption zone, the air passing through the adsorption zone is returned to a room again, and the air passing through the desorption zone is released to the outside air. Carbon dioxide in the indoor air can be released outdoors with the humidity, and indoor carbon dioxide can be eliminated without ventilation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a desiccant air conditioner using a moisture adsorbent or a moisture absorbent such as silica gel or zeolite, and provides a desiccant air conditioner that can improve the quality of indoor air without ventilation. is there.

  The desiccant air conditioner produces dry air by using a moisture adsorbent or absorbent, and can produce air with a low dew point compared to a refrigeration-type dehumidifier. Further, waste heat from an internal combustion engine or the like can be used for desorption of the moisture adsorbent, and in this case, the energy saving effect is enhanced.

  Further, when producing dry air, high-humidity air is also produced, so that humidification can be performed by supplying this high-humidity air into the room. When the waste heat can be used as described above, the energy saving effect is high. However, when the waste heat cannot be used, it is difficult to increase the energy efficiency.

  In particular, a fully ventilated desiccant air conditioner as shown in FIG. 5 is greatly affected by the outside air load. In a hot and humid climate in Japan or Southeast Asia, for example, when the dehumidification rotor is regenerated with air at 80 ° C., the outside air load becomes the required indoor humidity. On the other hand, if it exceeds 9 g / kg-DA, the required humidity in the room cannot be maintained.

  For example, the outside air (OA) conditions are a temperature of 30 ° C., an absolute humidity of 18.8 g / kg (specific enthalpy of 78.2 kJ / kg), and the room is cooled to 25.0 ° C. and 50% RH by a cooling device. At this time, if the return air (RA) 25.0 ° C, 9.9 g / kg (specific enthalpy 51.5 kJ / kg) is returned to the fully ventilated desiccant air conditioner and the outside air is taken in, the supply air to the room (SA) The temperature is 31.4 ° C and the absolute humidity is 9.3g / kg (specific enthalpy 55.4kJ / kg). Compared to the specific enthalpy of indoor supply air (SA) and return air (RA), supply air Is larger and has no cooling effect.

  In other words, in a hot and humid climate in Japan or Southeast Asia, a fully ventilated desiccant air conditioner cannot reduce the cooling equipment load.

  On the other hand, although the indoor air circulation desiccant air conditioner can maintain the room humidity even under high outdoor air loads, it is necessary to provide a separate ventilator and there is no merit in terms of energy and equipment cost. It was preventing the spread.

  Also, along the main roads and busy streets, the outside air is not clean, and even in residential areas, when photochemical smog occurs, there is a possibility that outdoor pollutants may be taken in by ventilation, and ventilation is not possible.

Under such circumstances, desiccant air conditioners that switch between indoor air circulation and ventilation are used for indoor air conditioning of buildings, and in recent years, studies have been made as air conditioners for hybrid vehicles. That is, since the hybrid vehicle has high overall energy efficiency, there is a problem that the amount of waste heat is small, the temperature of the air discharged from the heating device is low, and the windows are not sufficiently anti-fogged. Examples of such a technique include those disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.
JP 2000-280724 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-47844

  The thing disclosed by patent document 1 is related with the air conditioner for vehicles. The loss | disappearance of the energy accompanying ventilation is prevented by circulating indoor air, and only the air quantity required in order to prevent the increase in indoor carbon dioxide is ventilated. Is to do.

  However, since the thing of patent document 1 still needs to ventilate, there exists a problem that there exists a loss | disappearance of the energy accompanying this.

  Furthermore, what was disclosed by patent document 2 is related with the air conditioner for vehicles, and improved the dehumidification performance by energy saving. For example, paragraph 0003 describes the problem of ventilation. For this purpose, paragraph 0004 describes reducing the ventilation of room air.

  However, even in such an area, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the indoor air increases due to the exhalation of people, so air conditioning with clean air is necessary. In such a case, ventilation for taking in outside air necessary for maintaining human health is performed, and there is a problem that energy loss associated with ventilation has not been eliminated.

  The present invention seeks to provide a desiccant air conditioner capable of purifying indoor air while suppressing energy loss without ventilation.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a honeycomb rotor having at least moisture adsorption / absorption and carbon dioxide adsorption / absorption capabilities, and the honeycomb rotor is divided into at least an adsorption zone and a desorption zone. The air was circulated to release the air that passed through the desorption zone.

  Since the desiccant air conditioner of the present invention is configured as described above, moisture and carbon dioxide generated by a person in the room are adsorbed and absorbed by the honeycomb rotor, desorbed in the desorption zone, and released to the outside air. Here, the indoor air is not ventilated with the outside air, so the oxygen in the indoor air gradually decreases, but the oxygen concentration in the air is about 20%, and a slight decrease has no effect on human breathing. It is replenished even when going in and out or in a draft.

On the other hand, the concentration of carbon dioxide is said to be 0.1% in the Building Standard Act, and 0.5% by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and the American Industrial Hygienists Conference. Therefore, ventilation of 30m ³ / H per person in the room is required to increase human health. Therefore, if only carbon dioxide can be discharged from the room, the indoor environment can be maintained without ventilation of 30 m 3 / H.

  Furthermore, in the desiccant air conditioner of the present invention, since the moisture adsorbent / absorbent is also carried on the honeycomb rotor, the room can be dehumidified at the same time. In particular, the circulation type desiccant air conditioner can keep the room at a low humidity, and in summer, the latent heat load of the air conditioner is reduced. Furthermore, energy-saving high air quality air conditioning that does not require ventilation is possible.

  Further, by supporting an adsorbent of organic solvent gas (hereinafter referred to as VOC) on the honeycomb rotor, VOC and odor can be discharged from the room. In this case, the indoor environment can be further improved.

  In particular, in recent years, photochemical smog has been generated one after another in urban areas, and in such a case, there is a concern that photochemical smog may enter the room by ventilation. In addition, automobile exhaust gas along the main road and odor from cooking exhaust in the downtown area may enter the room due to ventilation. However, the desiccant air conditioner according to the present invention can purify the indoor air without performing ventilation, so there is no such problem.

  The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a honeycomb rotor having at least a moisture adsorption / absorption function and a carbon dioxide adsorption / absorption function, and the honeycomb rotor is divided into at least an adsorption zone and a desorption zone. Since the air that passed through the adsorption zone is returned to the room again and the air that passed through the desorption zone is released to the outside air, carbon dioxide in the room air is released to the outside along with moisture. Has the effect of being able to

  Embodiments of the desiccant air conditioner of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a honeycomb rotor, which is a corrugated (corrugated) processed non-combustible sheet such as ceramic fiber paper, and is made into an inorganic moisture adsorbent such as silica gel or hydrophilic zeolite, or an ion exchange resin. Or a polymeric moisture absorbent such as a polymeric water absorbent or a moisture absorbent such as lithium chloride.

  Further, the honeycomb rotor 1 has a carbon dioxide adsorbent or absorbent such as potassium carbonate (potassium bicarbonate), sodium carbonate (sodium bicarbonate), triethanol / amine, monoethanol / amine, hydrotalcite, ion exchange resin and the like. It is supported.

  As a method for carrying these, the adsorbent is pulverized and dispersed in an inorganic binder or an organic binder, and the honeycomb body is immersed in the adsorbent. In the case of an absorbent, it can be easily supported by impregnating it in an aqueous solution. The honeycomb rotor 1 is not formed by supporting a moisture adsorbent such as silica gel on the honeycomb body, but by forming a honeycomb body with the silica gel itself or molding a sheet-like ion exchange resin or the like into a honeycomb shape. Also good.

  In addition, activated carbon and hydrophobic zeolite may be supported on the honeycomb rotor 1. In this case, the honeycomb rotor also has a function of adsorbing indoor odors and VOCs.

  The honeycomb rotor 1 is divided into a desorption zone 2, a purge zone 3, and an adsorption zone 4. Room air is supplied to the purge zone 3 and the adsorption zone 4 by a blower or the like (not shown because it is general).

  The air that has passed through the purge zone 3 is heated by the heater 5, passes through the desorption zone 2, and is released to the outside air. The air that has passed through the adsorption zone 4 is cooled by the cooling means 6 such as an evaporator or a cooling coil and returned to the room again when the temperature is too high due to the heat of adsorption.

  The outside air introduction port 7 communicates with a pipe that sends air to the purge zone 3 and the adsorption zone 4, and it is necessary to introduce a minimum amount of outside air so that the amount of oxygen is not insufficient even when the outside air is not clean. Use. The outside air inlet 8 is for sending outside air into the room as it is, and is used when the introduction of a minimum amount of outside air is necessary so that the amount of oxygen is not insufficient and the outside air is clean.

  The desiccant air conditioner of the present invention is configured as described above, and its operation will be described below.

  First, indoor air needs to be dried, for example, when condensation is prevented in winter or when laundry is dried indoors. In such a case, the indoor air is passed through the adsorption zone 4 and the purge zone 3 while rotating the honeycomb rotor 1. The air passing through the adsorption zone 4 is dried, carbon dioxide is removed, and the air is returned to the room. At the same time, the heater 5 is energized, and the heated air passes through the desorption zone 2 and desorbs the adsorbed moisture and carbon dioxide, and is released to the outside air.

  In this way, the indoor air is dried and carbon dioxide in the indoor air is released to the outside. And the air which passed the adsorption | suction zone 4 raises temperature with adsorption | suction heat, and also exhibits the heating effect.

  When there is a large number of people in the room and it is necessary to introduce the outside air because of the need to maintain the oxygen concentration, the outside air introduction port 7 or 8 is opened to introduce the outside air. If the outside air is sufficiently clean, outside air is supplied from the outside air inlet 8 into the room. When the outside air is not clean, outside air is introduced from the outside air inlet 7. Then, harmful substances in the outside air are adsorbed by the honeycomb rotor 1 in the adsorption zone 4 and are supplied into the room as clean air. When the outside air is introduced by the draft air, the outside air introduction ports 7 and 8 may not be provided.

  When there are not many people in the room, the carbon dioxide exhausted from the person's exhalation is sufficiently adsorbed by the honeycomb rotor 1 and released to the outside air. Therefore, it is not necessary to introduce outside air, and energy loss due to ventilation is eliminated.

  When the room is to be dehumidified during the summer season or the rainy season, the temperature rises by passing the room air through the adsorption zone 4, but the air that has passed through the adsorption zone 4 is cooled by the cooling means 6, and dried cold air and It is supplied to the room.

  Since the air passing through the cooling means 6 is dry, there is no latent heat load (load caused by condensation of moisture in the air) on the cooling means 6. Therefore, the capacity of the cooling means 6 may be small.

  VOC may be released into the room by bringing new furniture into the room or changing wallpaper. In such a case, the VOC in the room air is adsorbed by the honeycomb rotor 1, desorbed in the desorption zone 2, and discharged to the outside air.

  As described above, carbon dioxide and VOC in the room are discharged without ventilation, and loss of energy accompanying ventilation can be prevented. Even if the outside air contains pollutants, there is no problem because ventilation is not performed.

  In the case of automobiles, it is desirable to ventilate and heat in order to prevent dew condensation on winter windows. In other words, since the absolute humidity of the outside air is low, the relative humidity of the indoor air can be lowered by heating the outside air. However, much of the heating energy is lost when ventilated. Even in the case of condensation prevention during the rainy season and air conditioning and dehumidifying air conditioning in summer, ventilation is necessary to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration, and cooling energy is lost. If the present invention is applied to air conditioning of automobiles, carbon dioxide gas can be discharged while air-conditioning and dehumidifying the interior of the vehicle, so ventilation is unnecessary, and condensation is prevented without losing (losing) heating and cooling energy. The purpose of reducing gas concentration can be achieved.

  FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Here, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same constituent members as those in the first embodiment.

  Reference numeral 1 denotes a honeycomb rotor, which has a moisture adsorption action and a carbon dioxide adsorption action as in the first embodiment. The honeycomb rotor 2 is divided into a desorption zone and an adsorption zone 4. A heater 5 heats the air sent to the desorption zone 2.

  A sensible heat rotor 9 is divided into a heat dissipation zone 10 and a heat absorption zone 11. The room 12 is provided with an exhaust port 13 and an intake port 14.

  The second embodiment of the present invention is configured as described above, and its operation will be described below. When a large number of people are in the room 12 for a long time, the humidity and the carbon dioxide concentration increase.

  Here, the heater 2 warm water is passed while the honeycomb rotor 1 and the sensible heat rotor 9 are rotated.

  The air in the room 12 passes through the exhaust port 13 and the adsorption zone 4 of the honeycomb rotor 1. At this time, moisture and carbon dioxide in the room air are adsorbed by the honeycomb rotor 1 and become dry air. The temperature of the dry air is increased by the heat of adsorption. The dry air enters the heat absorption zone 11 of the sensible heat rotor 9, decreases in temperature, passes through the air inlet 14, and is returned to the room 12.

  The outside air OA passes through the heat dissipation zone 10 of the sensible heat rotor 9, the temperature rises, and the temperature further rises by the heater 5. When the outside air whose temperature has risen passes through the desorption zone 2 of the honeycomb rotor 1, moisture and carbon dioxide adsorbed on the honeycomb rotor 1 are desorbed and released to the outside air. As described above, moisture and carbon dioxide in the room 12 are released to the atmosphere.

  In the second embodiment, the heat of the heater 5 and adsorption heat are not brought into the room 12 and the sensible heat load of the air conditioning equipment is small in summer.

  In Example 3 shown in FIG. 3, a dehumidification rotor and a carbon dioxide adsorption rotor are combined as the honeycomb rotor 1. The honeycomb rotor 1 is configured by combining a front rotor 13 on the adsorption upstream side and a rear rotor 14 on the adsorption downstream side.

  When a substance having a chemical adsorption action is adopted as the carbon dioxide adsorption rotor, it is generally necessary to increase the desorption temperature, and the carbon dioxide adsorption rotor is the rear rotor 14 and the dehumidification rotor is the front rotor 13.

  When a material having a physical adsorption action such as zeolite or ion exchange resin is employed as the carbon dioxide adsorption rotor, the carbon dioxide adsorption rotor is used as the front rotor 13 and the dehumidification rotor because the carbon dioxide adsorption action is reduced when the air is dry. Is the rear rotor 13.

  Reference numeral 5 denotes a heater, which is the same as that in the first and second embodiments. A sensible heat rotor 9 is the same as that of the second embodiment. The thing of Example 3 is comprised as mentioned above, and since the honeycomb rotor 1 couple | bonds the dehumidification rotor and the carbon dioxide adsorption rotor, a dehumidification capability becomes high compared with the thing of Example 2. FIG.

  The fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4 has three rotors: a front rotor 13 on the adsorption upstream side, a rear rotor 14 on the adsorption downstream side, and a sensible heat exchange rotor 9. And it has two heaters, a desorption heater 5 for the front rotor 13 and a desorption heater 5 'for the rear rotor 14.

  Compared to the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment has two heaters, a desorption heater 5 for the front rotor 13 and a desorption heater 5 ′ for the rear rotor 14. 13 and the rear rotor 14 can individually set the desorption temperature.

  As described in Example 3 above, when a material having a physical adsorption action such as zeolite or ion exchange resin is adopted as the carbon dioxide adsorption rotor, the carbon dioxide adsorption rotor is preferably the front rotor 13. When it is desired to lower the dew point of the supply air, it is necessary to increase the regeneration temperature of the dehumidifying rotor. In this case, the dehumidifying rotor may be the front rotor 13.

  In Example 4, for example, when the outside air (OA) conditions are a temperature of 30 ° C. and an absolute humidity of 18.8 g / kg (specific enthalpy of 78.2 kJ / kg), the room is 25.0 ° C. with a cooling device, Cooled to 50% RH. At this time, if the return desiccant air (RA) is returned to the circulation type desiccant air conditioner at 25.0 ° C. and 9.9 g / kg (specific enthalpy 51.5 kJ / kg) is returned, the indoor supply air (SA) has a temperature of 34. It becomes 3 ℃, absolute humidity 4.6g / kg (specific enthalpy 46.2kJ / kg), and compared with the specific enthalpy of indoor supply air (SA) and return air (RA), the supply air becomes smaller Demonstrates cooling effect.

  In other words, even in hot and humid climates in Japan and Southeast Asia, the circulation desiccant air conditioner can reduce the load on the cooling device.

  The present invention provides a desiccant air conditioner capable of releasing indoor carbon dioxide without ventilating the outside air, and thus can provide a desiccant air conditioner capable of preventing energy loss due to ventilation. Further, in this case, carbon dioxide can be discharged together with moisture even though it is a circulation type air conditioner, so there is no need for ventilation, and there is no air conditioning load due to ventilation, so that waste of energy can be eliminated.

It is a systematic diagram which shows Example 1 of the desiccant air conditioner of this invention. It is a systematic diagram which shows Example 2 of the desiccant air conditioner of this invention. It is a systematic diagram which shows Example 3 of the desiccant air conditioner of this invention. It is a systematic diagram which shows Example 4 of the desiccant air conditioner of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Honeycomb rotor 2 Desorption zone 3 Purge zone 4 Adsorption zone 5 Heater 6 Cooling means 7 Outside air introduction port 8 Outside air introduction port 9 Sensible heat rotor 10 Heat radiation zone 11 Heat absorption zone 12 Room

Claims (5)

Having a honeycomb rotor having at least a moisture adsorption / absorption function and a carbon dioxide adsorption / absorption function, dividing the honeycomb rotor into at least an adsorption zone and a desorption zone, passing indoor air through the adsorption zone, and passing through the adsorption zone A desiccant air conditioner that returns the air that has been returned to the room again and discharges the air that has passed through the desorption zone. A honeycomb rotor having at least a moisture adsorption or absorption function and a honeycomb rotor having a carbon dioxide adsorption or absorption function, each of the honeycomb rotors being divided into at least an adsorption zone and a desorption zone, and indoor air is respectively supplied to the adsorption zone A desiccant air conditioner configured to return the air that has passed through the adsorption zone to the room, and to release the air that has passed through the desorption zone. 2. The desiccant air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein, when the outside air is not clean, the outside air passes through the adsorption zone together with the room air. 2. The desiccant air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein when the outside air is clean when ventilating, the outside air is supplied directly into the room. A purge zone is provided in the honeycomb rotor, indoor air is passed through the purge zone, air that has passed through the purge zone is heated and passed through the desorption zone, and air that has passed through the desorption zone is discharged to the outside of the room. The desiccant air conditioner according to 1.

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