JP2011027408A - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration system to be operated in such a manner as to improve energy saving performance. <P>SOLUTION: This cogeneration system is constituted to set an operating condition for covering load, to operate a cogeneration device 1 in a state of covering predicted heat load data and predicted power load data, and to execute operational processing under load covering condition to operate the cogeneration device 1 under the operating condition for covering the load by an operation control means. The operation control means executes a regularity determination processing to determine whether energy consumption by every set period composed of a plurality of unit times has regularity, on the basis of the past heat load data or the past power load data, executes the operational processing under the load covering condition when it is determined that energy consumption has the regularity, and also executes the other preliminary operational processing different from the operational process under the load covering condition, when it is determined that the energy consumption has no regularity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention is provided with a combined heat and power device that generates electric power and heat, hot water storage means for storing hot water in a hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device, and operation control means for controlling operation,
Data management process for managing the past time-series thermal load data and past time-series power load data by the operation control means, and time-series predicted thermal load data obtained based on the management data And setting a load-covering operation condition for operating the cogeneration device so as to cover time-series predicted power load data, and operating the cogeneration device under the load-covering operation condition The present invention relates to a cogeneration system configured to execute an operation process.

  Such a cogeneration system is installed in a general household and can use the electric power generated by the combined heat and power supply device, and also stores the hot water generated in the combined heat and power supply device as a heat source in a hot water storage tank. It is configured to be able to use hot and cold water, and is configured to save energy. Incidentally, the combined heat and power supply apparatus is configured to include a generator and an engine that drives the generator, or includes a fuel cell.

  In such a cogeneration system, conventionally, the operation control means has been configured to always perform load-covering condition operation processing (for example, Patent Document 1).

  By the way, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the heat and power supply device is operated so as to cover the time-series predicted power load data as the operation condition for covering the load, and the time-series predicted power load data is used as such. When a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient with respect to time-series predicted heat load data is predicted by operating the combined heat and power supply device to cover the time series, the time series before the time when the heat shortage state is predicted The condition for operating the combined heat and power unit with an output larger than the predicted power load data was set.

JP-A-8-14103

By the way, in the installation place of a cogeneration system, such as a general household, there may be no regularity in the life pattern for every set cycle (for example, 1 day), and in that case, the regularity in energy consumption for every set cycle is lost. Become.
For example, if the set cycle is one day, if the daily life pattern changes, the bathing time will vary and the bathing time will vary. The electricity consumption pattern will also change.

  However, conventionally, the load cover condition operation processing is always executed, and the cogeneration device is operated so as to always cover the time-series predicted heat load data and the time-series predicted power load data. Therefore, if there is no regularity in energy consumption for each set cycle, it is difficult to save energy.

In addition, such a cogeneration system saves energy by covering the power load and heat load at the location where the cogeneration system is installed while reducing excess and deficiency with the power and heat output from the cogeneration system. Can be improved.
However, when the load-covering condition operation process is executed in spite of the fact that there is no regularity in energy consumption for each set cycle, there is a possibility that a large heat surplus is generated in which the amount of output heat of the combined heat and power supply device is larger than the actual heat load. However, in particular, when such a large heat surplus occurs, the surplus heat remains stored in the hot water storage tank and the heat dissipation loss increases remarkably, so that the energy saving performance is significantly reduced.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this situation, The objective is to provide the cogeneration system which can be drive | operated so that energy saving may be improved.

The cogeneration system of the present invention is provided with a combined heat and power device for generating electric power and heat, hot water storage means for storing hot water in a hot water storage tank with heat generated by the combined heat and power supply device, and operation control means for controlling operation. ,
The operation control means manages the past time-series heat load data and the past time-series power load data, and the time-series predicted heat load data obtained based on the management data And setting a load-covering operation condition for operating the cogeneration device so as to cover time-series predicted power load data, and operating the cogeneration device under the load-covering operation condition Configured to execute a driving process,
The first feature configuration is:
The operation control means is
In the data management process, the heat load data is configured to manage a hot water supply heat load,
Based on the management data related to the past time-series hot water supply heat load, there is a possibility that the distribution in the plurality of set cycles with respect to the total amount of hot water supply heat load in the set cycle consisting of a plurality of unit times may occur with a probability higher than the setting. An operation determination process is performed to determine whether a lower limit value in a certain range is higher than an operation stop determination reference value, and when the lower limit value is higher than the operation stop determination reference value, the load cover Conditional operation processing is executed, and when the lower limit value is equal to or less than the operation stop determination reference value, the combined heat and power supply device is stopped.

  That is, the operation control means manages the hot water supply thermal load as the thermal load data in the data management process, and based on the management data related to the past time-series hot water supply thermal load, Whether the lower limit in a range that may occur with a probability higher than the set in the distribution in multiple set cycles (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the set probability generation range) is higher than the judgment reference value for operation stop When the lower limit value of the set probability generation range is higher than the judgment reference value for operation stop, the load cover condition operation process is executed and the lower limit value of the set probability generation range is stopped. When it is less than the reference value for use, the combined heat and power supply device is stopped.

In other words, in the load cover condition operation processing, when the predicted heat load data is small, the operation of the combined heat and power unit is reduced so as to cover the small predicted heat load data. When operating the combined heat and power supply so as to cover the load data, the energy saving due to the operation of the combined heat and power supply decreases as the total amount of hot water supply heat load in the set cycle decreases.
And, when the load cover condition operation process is always executed, when the heat load is relatively small, there is no regularity in energy consumption for each set cycle, and the predicted heat load varies greatly, There is a possibility that the combined heat and power supply apparatus is operated in a state where not only a large heat surplus occurs but also energy saving is extremely small or energy saving cannot be achieved, and the energy saving as a whole may be reduced.
Therefore, as described above, the lower limit value of the set probability generation range is obtained based on the management data regarding the past time-series hot water supply heat load, and when the lower limit value is equal to or less than the determination criterion value for operation stop, Stopping the cogeneration device not only generates a large amount of heat, but also avoids the combined operation of the cogeneration device in a state where energy saving is extremely small or energy saving cannot be achieved, resulting in overall energy saving. Can be prevented from decreasing.
Therefore, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system that can be operated to improve energy saving.

The second characteristic feature, in addition to the first Japanese Cho構formed,
As the setting period, there is a setting period of a plurality of time attributes that exist for each setting repetition period,
The operation control means is configured to manage the past time-series thermal load data and the past time-series power load data for each set period in association with the time attribute in the data management process. It is characterized by that.

  That is, in the data management process, the operation control means manages the past time-series thermal load data and the past time-series power load data in association with the time attribute for each set period, so that the load cover condition operation process Among the management data managed in the data management process, whether to execute the preliminary operation process or to determine whether to perform the load cover condition operation process or to stop the cogeneration device, It can be made to perform based on the data of the same time attribute as the time attribute of the set cycle of the operation target.

That is, in the location where the cogeneration system is installed, the life pattern may change for each time attribute, and the regularity of energy consumption for each set period may change for each time attribute. Incidentally, for example, the setting cycle is set to one day, the time attribute is set to the day of the week, and the setting repetition period is set to one week.
Therefore, as described above, it is determined whether to perform the load cover condition operation process or the preliminary operation process, or to determine whether to perform the load cover condition operation process or to stop the combined heat and power supply device. Whether to perform load-bearing condition operation processing, pre-operation processing, or load-bearing condition operation processing by making it based on data with the same time attribute as the time attribute of the set cycle Whether to stop the combined heat and power supply device can be performed in units of time attributes in accordance with changes in the regularity of energy consumption for each time attribute, and energy saving can be further improved.
Therefore, it has become possible to operate so as to further improve energy saving.

The third characteristic configuration, in addition to the configuration of the first or second feature,
The operation control means is in a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient with respect to the time-series predicted heat load data by operating the cogeneration device so as to cover the time-series predicted power load data. Or it is configured to predict whether heat will be in a surplus state with respect to the time-series predicted heat load data,
When the load-covering operation condition does not predict either the heat shortage state or the heat surplus state, a power load follow-up operation process for operating the cogeneration device to cover the current power load that is currently requested is performed. When the heat shortage state is predicted, in a predetermined output increase target time zone, perform an output increase operation to adjust the output of the combined heat and power supply device to an output side larger than the current power load, or the excess heat When the state is predicted, it is a condition that an output lowering operation is performed to adjust the output of the cogeneration device to an output side smaller than the current power load in a predetermined output lowering target time zone.

That is, since the operation control unit manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load, the power load following operation process is performed on the time-series power load, so that Predict whether or not a heat shortage state occurs in which heat is insufficient with respect to a general heat load, or whether or not a heat surplus state with excessive heat occurs with respect to a time-series heat load. become.
Then, the operation control means performs predetermined processing when a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient with respect to the time-series heat load is predicted by performing power load following operation processing for the time-series power load. Since the output increase operation is performed in the output increase target time zone, it is possible to output larger heat than in the power load following operation process.
Therefore, since the large heat output by performing the output increase operation can cover the time-series heat load, the occurrence of a heat shortage state can be suppressed, and the hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank. When the hot water is not stored, the operation of the auxiliary heating boiler for heating the hot water can be avoided as much as possible, and energy saving can be promoted.

In addition, the operation control means performs a power load following operation process for the time-series power load, and when a surplus heat state in which heat remains for the time-series heat load is predicted, Since the output decrease operation is performed in the output decrease / increase target time zone, it is possible to output heat smaller than that in the power load following operation process.
Accordingly, by performing the output lowering operation, it is possible to prevent excessive output of heat with respect to the time-series heat load, so that it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the excessive heat state. It is possible to avoid as much as possible that the heat accumulated in the heat is merely dissipated, and energy saving can be promoted.
In short, it is possible to further promote energy saving in the operation processing under load-bearing conditions, and it has become possible to operate to further improve energy saving as a whole.

The fourth characteristic feature, in addition to the configuration of the first or second feature,
The operation control means, when operating the combined heat and power supply device, predicted hot water storage amount stored as hot water in the hot water storage tank, predicted energy consumption when operating a power plant and a heating boiler, and when operating the combined heat and power supply device A predicted energy reduction amount that is a difference from the predicted consumption energy amount of the gas and a predicted energy reduction rate that is a ratio of the predicted energy reduction amount to the predicted hot water storage amount, and based on the calculated predicted energy reduction rate An energy reduction ratio threshold value is set, and the increased output from the minimum output of the combined heat and power supply unit based on the power load data and heat load data on the operating day and the past power load data and heat load data. It is configured to calculate the current energy reduction ratio , which is the current energy reduction ratio ,
When the load-covering operation condition is that the current energy reduction ratio is smaller than the energy reduction ratio threshold, the combined heat and power unit is operated at a minimum output, and the current energy reduction ratio is equal to or greater than the energy reduction ratio threshold. If it is, it is the point which is the conditions which drive | operate the said heat / electric power supply apparatus on the driving | running condition used as the said present energy reduction ratio.

That is, the operation control means operated the predicted combined heat amount stored as hot water in the hot water storage tank when operating the combined heat and power supply unit, the predicted consumed energy amount when operating the power plant and the heating boiler, and the combined heat and power supply unit. Calculating a predicted energy reduction amount that is a difference from the predicted energy consumption amount at the time, calculating a predicted energy reduction ratio that is a ratio of the predicted energy reduction amount to the predicted hot water storage amount, and calculating the calculated predicted energy reduction ratio An energy reduction ratio threshold is set based on
In addition, the operation control means is a current energy reduction ratio for the increased output from the minimum output of the combined heat and power unit based on the power load data and heat load data on the operation day and the past power load data and heat load data. The current energy reduction ratio is calculated.

And when the operation control means controls the operation of the combined heat and power supply apparatus, if the current energy reduction ratio is smaller than the energy reduction ratio threshold using the energy reduction ratio threshold and the current energy reduction ratio, the operation control means If the combined heat and power unit is operated at the minimum output, and if the current energy reduction ratio is greater than or equal to the energy reduction ratio threshold, the combined heat and power unit is Operate under the operating conditions that are the current energy reduction ratio. Thus, energy saving can be achieved by setting the energy reduction ratio threshold value and controlling the operation of the cogeneration apparatus using this threshold value.
Therefore, it is possible to further promote the energy saving in the operation processing under the load cover condition, so that it is possible to operate so as to further improve the energy saving as a whole.

Schematic configuration diagram of a cogeneration system according to the first embodiment Control block diagram of cogeneration system according to the first embodiment The figure explaining electric power load following operation processing Diagram showing predicted power load data and predicted heat load data The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action concerning 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action concerning 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action concerning 1st Embodiment. Figure showing calculation conditions (b) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Figure showing calculation conditions (b) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Figure showing calculation conditions (b) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Figure showing calculation conditions (b) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Figure showing calculation conditions (b) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage The figure which shows the relationship between the energy saving rate y and the hot water supply heat load x The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action concerning 14th Embodiment. The figure which shows the flowchart of the control action concerning 14th Embodiment.

A cogeneration system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this cogeneration system recovers heat output from the fuel cell 1 as a combined heat and power device and the fuel cell 1 with cooling water, and uses the cooling water. A hot water storage unit 4 as hot water storage means for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 and supplying a heat medium to the heating terminal 3, an operation control unit 5 as operation control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water storage unit 4, and the like. It is composed of

The fuel cell 1 is configured to be able to output electric power and heat and adjust its output. On the output side of the fuel cell 1, an inverter 6 for system linkage is provided. The inverter 6 is a fuel cell. 1 output power is configured to have the same voltage and the same frequency as the power supplied from the commercial system 7.
The commercial system 7 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire system 100/200 V, and is electrically connected to a power load device 9 such as a television, a refrigerator, or a washing machine via a commercial power supply line 8.
The inverter 6 is electrically connected to the commercial power supply line 8 via the cogeneration supply line 10, and the generated power from the fuel cell 1 is supplied to the power load device 9 via the inverter 6 and the cogeneration supply line 10. It is comprised so that it may supply.

The commercial power supply line 8 is provided with power load measuring means 11 for measuring the load power of the power load device 9, and the power load measuring means 11 has a reverse power flow in the current flowing through the commercial power supply line 8. It is also configured to detect whether or not it occurs.
Then, the electric power supplied from the fuel cell 1 to the commercial power supply line 8 is controlled by the inverter 6 so that a reverse power flow does not occur, and the surplus power of the generated power is obtained by replacing the surplus power with heat. It is configured to be supplied to the heater 12.

The electric heater 12 is composed of a plurality of electric heaters, and is provided so as to heat the cooling water of the fuel cell 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15, and is connected to the output side of the inverter 6. ON / OFF is switched by the actuated switch 14.
The operation switch 14 is configured to adjust the power consumption of the electric heater 12 according to the amount of surplus power so that the power consumption of the electric heater 12 increases as the amount of surplus power increases. Yes.

  The hot water storage unit 4 is configured to store hot water in a state where temperature stratification is formed, a hot water circulation pump 17 that circulates hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 through the hot water circulation path 16, and hot water for heat source through the heat source circulation path 20. A heat source circulation pump 21 for circulation, a heat medium circulation pump 23 for circulating and supplying the heating medium to the heating terminal 3 through the heating medium circulation path 22, a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 for heating hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16, and a heat source The heat source heat exchanger 25 for heating the hot water for the heat source flowing through the circulation path 20, the heat exchanger for heat medium heating 26 for heating the heat medium flowing through the heating medium circulation path 22, and the fan 27 were operated. It comprises a heat exchanger 29 for auxiliary heating that heats hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 2 by combustion of the burner 28 in the state and hot water for heat source flowing through the heat source circulation path 20.

The hot water circulation path 16 is branched and connected so that a part thereof is in parallel, a three-way valve 18 is provided at the connection location, and a radiator 19 is provided in the branched flow path. Yes.
Then, by switching the three-way valve 18, the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to pass through the radiator 19, and the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to bypass the radiator 19. It is comprised so that it may switch to the state to be made.

The hot water storage heat exchanger 24 is configured to heat the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 by flowing the cooling water of the cooling water circulation path 13 that has recovered the heat output from the fuel cell 1. Has been.
In the heat source heat exchanger 25, the heat source hot water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20 is heated by flowing the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 that collects the heat output from the fuel cell 1. It is configured to let you.
The auxiliary heating boiler J includes a fan 27, a burner 28, and an auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29.
Further, the heat source circulation path 20 is provided with a heat source intermittent valve 40 for intermittently flowing the heat source hot water.

The cooling water circulation path 13 is branched into a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and a heat source heat exchanger 25 side, and the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the heat source use are branched at the branch points. A diversion valve 30 is provided that adjusts the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water that flows to the heat exchanger 25 side.
The diverter valve 30 allows the entire amount of cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side, or allows the entire amount of cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side. It is comprised so that it can also be made.

In the heat exchanger 26 for heating medium heating, the hot water for the heat source heated by the heat exchanger 25 for heat source or the heat exchanger 29 for auxiliary heating is allowed to flow, thereby flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22. The heating medium is configured to be heated.
The heating terminal 3 is composed of a heating terminal such as a floor heating device or a bathroom heating device.

  Further, a hot water supply heat load measuring means 31 for measuring the hot water supply heat load when supplying hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 2 is provided, and a heating heat load measuring means 32 for measuring the heating heat load at the heating terminal 3 is also provided. ing. By the way, the hot water supply heat load is a combination of a hot water supply heat load for hot water filling a bathtub and a general hot water supply heat load for supplying hot water to places other than the bathtub, for example, a shower, a kitchen, a washroom, etc. .

  The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the operation state of the cooling water circulation pump 15 while operating the cooling water circulation pump 15 during the operation of the fuel cell 1, as well as the hot water circulation pump 17 and the heat source. By controlling the operation state of the circulation pump 21 and the heat medium circulation pump 23, the hot water storage operation for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 and the heat medium supply operation for supplying the heat medium to the heating terminal 3 are performed. ing.

Incidentally, when hot water is supplied, the hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 2 is supplied with the heat source intermittent valve 40 closed, and the hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 2 is heated by the auxiliary heating boiler J, Water is mixed with hot water taken out from the hot water storage tank 2, and hot water having a hot water supply set temperature set by a remote controller (not shown) is supplied.
Therefore, in the hot water storage tank 2, hot water is stored within the capacity of the hot water storage tank 2 by subtracting the hot water extracted for hot water supply from the hot water added according to the output of the fuel cell 1. become.

First, the control of the operation of the fuel cell 1 by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The operation control unit 5 includes a data management process for managing past time-series heat load data and past time-series power load data, and time-series predicted heat load data obtained based on the management data. In addition, a load cover operation condition for operating the fuel cell 1 to cover the time-series predicted power load data is set, and the load cover condition operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 under the load cover operation condition is set. Execute.

In this embodiment, the operation control unit 5 is configured to manage the hot water supply heat load as the thermal load data in the data management process, and the management data regarding the past time-series hot water supply heat load is used. Based on the total amount of hot water supply heat load in the set cycle, the lower limit value in a range that may occur with a probability higher than the set in the distribution in a plurality of set cycles (that is, may be referred to as the set probability generation range). When the lower limit value of the set probability generation range is higher than the judgment reference value for operation stop, execute the operation to cover the load condition. The fuel cell 1 is stopped when the lower limit value of the set probability generation range is equal to or less than the operation stop determination reference value.
Further, the operation control unit 5 executes the load cover condition operation process when the variation in the set cycle with respect to the total hot water supply heat load in the set cycle is small based on the management data on the past time-series hot water supply thermal load. When the variation is large, a preliminary operation process different from the load cover condition operation process is executed.

That is, in this embodiment, when the lower limit value of the set probability generation range is higher than the operation stop determination reference value, the load supply condition operation processing is not executed unconditionally, but the hot water supply heat load total amount in the set cycle When the variation for each set period is small, specifically, when the upper limit value of the set probability generation range is smaller than the judgment reference value for preliminary operation processing, the load cover condition operation processing is executed. is there.
Further, in this embodiment, the operation control unit 5 is configured to execute a power load following operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 so as to cover the currently requested current power load as the preliminary operation process. It is.

  In addition, the operation control unit 5 operates the fuel cell 1 so as to cover the time-series predicted power load data, so that it becomes a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient with respect to the time-series predicted heat load data. The time-series predicted heat load data is configured to predict whether there will be a surplus heat state with excess heat, and the load-covering operation condition is predicted for both a heat shortage state and a heat surplus state. If not, a normal power load follow-up operation process is performed. When a heat shortage state is predicted, the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to an output side larger than the current power load in a predetermined output increase target time zone. When an output increase operation is performed and a surplus heat state is predicted, a condition for performing an output decrease operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 to an output side smaller than the current power load is set in a predetermined output decrease target time zone. It is.

Incidentally, the heat shortage state means that, for example, hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank 2 and the auxiliary heating boiler J is operated, or heating is performed only by the heat output from the fuel cell 1 during the heating medium supply operation. In this state, the heating heat load required by the terminal 3 cannot be covered.
The excess heat state is, for example, a state where hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full and the radiator 19 is operated, or the heat output from the fuel cell 1 during the heating medium supply operation is a heating terminal. 3, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full, and the radiator 19 is activated.

First, the power load following operation process will be described.
In the power load following operation process, the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted in accordance with the current power load within a range from a minimum output (for example, 250 W) to a maximum output (for example, 1 kW).
In other words, the operation control unit 5 obtains the current power load based on the measured value of the power load measuring unit 11 and the output value of the inverter 6, and is smaller by α (for example, 100W) than the current power load. The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted so as to be output.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the current power load changes with time, the output of the fuel cell 1 is changed according to the change of the current power load at an output that is smaller by α (for example, 100 W) than the current power load. The output is adjusted.
Incidentally, the operation control unit 5 is configured to change the output of the fuel cell 1 based on an average value of a set time zone (for example, 5 minutes) of the current power load.

Next, a description will be given of data management processing for managing past time-series power load data and past time-series heat load data.
The operation control unit 5 has, for example, a set cycle of 1 day, a unit time of 1 hour, a heat load as a hot water supply heat load and a heating heat load, an actual power load per unit time, an actual hot water supply heat load, and Each of the actual heating heat load is measured by the power load measuring means 11 and the output value of the inverter 6, the hot water supply heat load measuring means 31, and the heating heat load measuring means 32.
The operation control unit 5 associates the output values of the power load measuring means 11 and the inverter 6, the values measured by the hot water supply heat load measuring means 31, and the heating heat load measuring means 32 with the set period and unit time. The past time-series power load data and the past time-series heat load data are associated with each unit time for each set period over a set period (for example, 4 weeks before the operation day). Are configured to manage.

And the said operation control part 5 is based on the management data of the past time-sequential power load data and the past time-sequential heat load data, and the time-sequential power load and time for every unit time within the set cycle. A time series predicted heat load data and time series predicted power load data are obtained by predicting a series heat load.
For example, a case where the set cycle is one day and the unit time is one hour will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. I try to predict if there is a load.
In the following description, it is assumed that the set cycle is 1 day and the unit time is 1 hour.

  Next, a description will be given of the operation state selection control for selecting an operation state for executing the load-covering condition operation process or the preliminary operation process. By the way, in this embodiment, in the operation state selection control, the operation state for stopping the fuel cell 1 is added to the operation state for executing the load cover condition operation process and the operation state for executing the preliminary operation process. The operation state is selected.

First, the operation control unit 5 obtains the average value M and the standard deviation σ of the total amount of hot water supply heat load per day within the set period based on management data related to past time-series hot water supply heat load data, and sets the setting. The lower limit value of the probability generation range is set to (M−3σ), and the upper limit value is set to (M + 3σ).
In other words, the set probability generation range is a range that may occur with a probability of about 99%, which is the set probability.
Then, the operation control unit 5 compares the lower limit value (M−3σ) of the set probability generation range with the determination reference value Ka (M) for operation stop, and the lower limit value (M−3σ) of the set probability generation range is When the operation stop determination reference value Ka (M) is higher and the upper limit value (M + 3σ) of the set probability generation range is lower than the preliminary operation process determination reference value Kb (M), the hot water supply thermal load of the set cycle It is determined that the variation in the set period for the total amount is small, the load cover condition operation process is executed, and the lower limit value (M−3σ) of the set probability generation range is equal to or less than the operation stop determination reference value Ka (M) When it is determined that the variation in the set cycle of the hot water supply thermal load for each set cycle is large on the side where the hot water supply thermal load is small, the fuel cell 1 is stopped, and the upper limit (M + 3σ) of the set probability generation range is Judgment reference value Kb (M ) In the above case, it is determined that the variation in the set cycle with respect to the total amount of hot water supply thermal load for each set cycle is large on the side where the total amount of hot water supply heat load is large, and the power load follow-up operation process is executed as the preliminary operation process.

  Incidentally, each of the operation stop determination reference value Ka (M) and the preliminary operation processing determination reference value Kb (M) is set in accordance with the average value M of the total hot water supply heat load during the set period. The operation control unit 5 stores the operation stop determination reference value Ka (M) and the preliminary operation processing determination reference value Kb (M) in association with the average value M. Hereinafter, an example of setting of the operation stop determination reference value Ka (M) and the preliminary operation processing determination reference value Kb (M) will be described.

The relationship between the energy saving rate y and the hot water supply heat load x is expressed by the following equation (1).
y = {(A + x ÷ η) − (B + Z)} ÷ (A + x ÷ η) (1)

here,
A: Power plant primary energy conversion value of predicted power load η: Efficiency of conventional heating boiler (for example, 0.7)
x ÷ η: Energy amount of a conventional heating boiler with a predicted hot water supply heat load B: Amount of energy required for the fuel cell 1 + a converted primary energy value of a power plant from a commercial system 7 Z: Amount of energy required for the auxiliary heating boiler J

  When the amount of heat generated in the fuel cell 1 is C, the required energy conversion amount Z of the auxiliary heating boiler J is Z = when the predicted hot water supply heat load is covered by the amount of heat C generated in the fuel cell 1 Z = When the predicted hot water supply heat load is 0 and the amount of heat C generated by the fuel cell 1 cannot be covered, Z = x ÷ η−C.

Therefore,
When Z = 0
y = 1− {B ÷ (A + x ÷ η)}
And
When Z = x ÷ η−C,
y = (A−B + C) ÷ (A + x ÷ η)
It becomes.

  When the predicted power load amount on the operation day is determined, the efficiency of the fuel cell 1 is known, so A, B, and C are constants.

  FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the energy saving rate y and the hot water supply thermal load x when the current power load is 750 W and the output of the fuel cell 1 is operated at 750 W, 500 W, and 1000 W. Incidentally, FIG. 13 is an example of the case of the fuel cell 1 having an output power range of 500 to 1000 W.

  The hot water supply heat load at the intersection of the graph when the 750 W current power load is operated to output 750 W and the graph when the 750 W current power load is operated to output 500 W is about 16000 Wh. Therefore, when the total amount of hot water supply heat load per day is greater than 16000 Wh, the energy saving rate is higher when the operation is performed to output 750 W with respect to the current power load of 750 W, and the total amount of hot water supply heat load per day Is less than 16000 Wh, the energy saving rate is higher when the operation is performed to output 500 W with respect to the current power load of 750 W.

For example, when the predicted total hot water supply heat load on the operation day is 14000 Wh, even if the current power load is 750 W, the energy saving rate will be lower if operation is performed to output 750 W, so that it is smaller than the current power load of 750 W. The operation condition for providing a load is set so as to drive at the output.
However, when the variation in the total amount of hot water supply heat load per day is large and the actual hot water supply heat load is larger than 16000 Wh, the power load follow-up process is executed to operate to output 750 W to the current power load of 750 W. It becomes possible to increase the energy saving rate.

Therefore, for example, when the average value M of the total hot water supply heat load per day is 14000 Wh, the preliminary operation processing determination reference value Kb (M) is set to 16000 Wh.
And, in the variation for each set cycle with respect to the total hot water supply heat load in the set cycle, the variation on the side where the total hot water heat load is large is large, and the upper limit (M + 3σ) of the set probability generation range is the judgment reference value for preliminary operation When Kb (M) is equal to or greater than 16000 Wh, the power load follow-up operation process as the preliminary operation process is executed, and energy saving can be improved.

Also, when the total amount of hot water supply heat load per day is less than 5000 Wh, energy saving cannot be achieved even if the output is made smaller than the current power load so that 500 W is output to the current power load of 750 W. Therefore, the determination reference value Ka (M) for operation stop is set to 5000 Wh.
And in the variation for every set cycle about the hot water supply heat load total amount of a set cycle, the variation in the side with little hot water supply heat load amount is large, and the lower limit (M-3σ) of the set probability generation range is a judgment criterion for operation stop. When the value is equal to or less than Ka (M), the fuel cell 1 is stopped, and energy saving can be improved.

Next, a series of control operations by the operation control unit 5 when controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 will be described based on the flowchart shown in FIG.
First, the lower limit value (M-3σ) of the set probability generation range is compared with the operation stop determination reference value Ka (M) (step A1), and the lower limit value (M-3σ) of the set probability generation range is operated. When it is equal to or less than the stop determination reference value Ka (M), the fuel cell 1 is stopped (step A2) and the process returns, and the lower limit (M-3σ) of the set probability generation range is the operation stop determination reference value Ka ( When higher than M), the upper limit value (M + 3σ) of the set probability generation range is compared with the judgment reference value Kb (M) for preliminary operation processing (step A3), and the upper limit value (M + 3σ) of the set probability generation range Is equal to or higher than the judgment reference value Kb (M) for the preliminary operation process, the power load following operation process is executed as the preliminary operation process (step 13), and the process returns and the upper limit value (M + 3σ) of the set probability generation range is Judgment reference value Kb (M) for preliminary operation processing When remote low executes the load catering condition operation process.

Hereinafter, a detailed control operation of the load cover condition operation process will be described with reference to FIGS.
5-7 is a figure which shows the processing flow of this embodiment, and in FIGS. 8-12, (a) is the calorie | heat amount (to be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in each setting time slot | zone (i) ( Hereinafter, a diagram showing the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each unit time (i) as a calculation condition of “predicted heat storage amount” and (b) are calculation under the calculation condition. It is a figure which shows the estimated heat storage amount T (i) in each unit time (i) which is a result. 8 to 12, the heat storage amount T (0) corresponding to the unit time (i = 0) indicates the heat amount stored in the hot water storage tank 2 at the present time.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the operation control unit 5 sets the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 at each unit time (i) to an output f set during the power load following operation process. A predicted heat storage amount T (i) in i) is obtained (step 10).

Specifically, the operation control unit 5 is first added to the hot water storage tank 2 in each unit time (i) from the electric power load and the thermal load predicted in each unit time (i) in the above step 10. The amount of heat (hereinafter referred to as “additional heat amount”) is obtained. This additional heat amount is a heat load from the sum of the heat amount output according to the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 and the heat output from the electric heater 12 according to the surplus power within the unit time (i). When the additional heat amount is positive, the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is increased. When the additional heat amount is negative, the heat amount stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is decreased. .
Next, the operation control means 5 is selected in order from the earliest unit time (i = 1), and in each unit time (i), when the previous unit time (i-1) has elapsed, the hot water storage tank 2 The amount of heat stored in (the amount of heat currently stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in the earliest unit time (i = 1)) plus the additional amount of heat obtained as described above is used as the amount of heat stored in the predicted heat storage amount T ( i).

When the predicted heat storage amount T (i) exceeds the maximum heat storage amount tmax that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, that is, when it is necessary to operate the radiator 19, the unit time (i) is heated. When the remaining state can be identified as the predicted unit time (i = ful) and the predicted heat storage amount T (i) is less than the minimum heat storage amount tmin (for example, 0) to be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, that is, auxiliary heating When it is necessary to operate the boiler J, the unit time (i) can be specified as a set time zone (i = emp) in which a heat shortage state is predicted.
Further, the amount of heat (hereinafter referred to as “effective heat storage amount”) T ′ (i) effectively stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in each unit time (i) is the predicted heat storage amount T (i). Is within the range between the minimum heat storage amount tmin and the maximum heat storage amount tmax that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, the predicted heat storage amount T (i) is used, but the predicted heat storage amount T (i) is the hot water storage tank. When the maximum heat storage amount tmax that can be stored in 2 is exceeded, the maximum heat storage amount tmax is set. When the predicted heat storage amount is lower than the minimum heat storage amount tmin to be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, the minimum heat storage amount tmin is set.

  Next, the operation control unit 5 refers to the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each unit time (i) obtained in step 10 as described above, and specifies the unit time in which a heat excess state or a heat shortage state occurs. Then, it is first determined whether or not the heat surplus state is reached, and further whether or not the heat is insufficient is first determined (steps 11 and 12).

  When the heat surplus state first occurs, the output lowering operation determination process (step) for determining whether or not to perform the output lowering operation in the earliest unit time (i = 1) will be described later in detail. 100), and when the heat shortage state first occurs, the output increasing operation for determining whether or not to perform the output increasing operation in the earliest unit time (i = 1) will be described in detail later. When the determination process (step 200) is executed and neither the excessive heat state nor the insufficient heat state occurs, it is determined that the normal power load follow-up operation process is performed in the earliest unit time (i = 1) (step 13). ).

Hereinafter, the case where it is determined to perform the normal power load follow-up operation process in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) will be described based on FIG.
As shown in FIG. 8A, under the condition that the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each unit time (i) is the output f set in the power load following operation process, in each unit time (i). As a result of obtaining the predicted heat storage amount T (i), as shown in FIG. 8B, the predicted heat storage amount T (i) is not less than the minimum heat storage amount tmin and not more than the maximum heat storage amount tmax in each unit time (i). When it falls within the range, that is, when the heat surplus state and the heat shortage state do not occur, it is determined to perform the power load following operation process in the earliest unit time (i = 1).

  In addition, referring to the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each unit time (i) obtained in step 10 of FIG. 5 without performing the output increase operation determination process and the output decrease operation determination process, In the case of a heat surplus state, it is determined to perform the output lowering operation in the earliest unit time (i = 1). In the case of the heat shortage state first, in the earliest unit time (i = 1). You may comprise so that it may determine performing an output raise operation.

Next, the output decreasing operation determination process will be described with reference to FIG.
In the output decrease operation determination process, the operation control unit 5 first sets the output F (1) of the fuel cell 1 in the earliest unit time (i = 1) as the output fmin set during the output decrease operation, and other unit times. Under the condition that the output F (i = 2 to 24) of the fuel cell 1 at (i = 2 to 24) is the output f set during the power load following operation processing, the predicted heat storage amount T ( i) is obtained (step 101).
Then, with reference to the predicted heat storage amount T (i) obtained in this way, it is determined whether or not a heat shortage state occurs when the output decreasing operation is performed in the earliest unit time (i = 1) ( Step 102) When the heat shortage state does not occur, it is decided to perform the output lowering operation in the earliest unit time (i = 1) (Step 103). It is determined to perform the power load following operation process while prohibiting the output decreasing operation in the unit time (i = 1) (step 104).

Hereinafter, in the output decrease operation determination process, a case where it is determined to perform the power load follow-up operation process while prohibiting the output decrease operation in the earliest unit time (i = 1) is based on FIGS. 9 and 10. Add explanation.
As shown in FIG. 9A, under the condition that the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each unit time (i) is the output f set in the power load following operation process, in each unit time (i). As a result of obtaining the predicted heat storage amount T (i), the output decreasing operation is performed when the heat surplus state first occurs as in the heat storage amount T (17) of the unit time (i = 17) shown in FIG. Judgment processing is performed.
Then, in the output decreasing operation determination process, as shown in FIG. 10A, the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in the earliest unit time (i = 1) is set as the output fmin set during the output decreasing operation. As a result of obtaining the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each unit time (i) under the conditions, the heat storage amounts T (19) and T (20) in the unit time (i = 19, 20) shown in FIG. As described above, when the heat shortage state occurs, in the earliest unit time (i = 1), it is determined to perform the power load following operation process while prohibiting the output decreasing operation. .

  In step 102 of the output decreasing operation determination process, the unit time when the output decreasing operation is performed in the earliest unit time (i = 1) is the power load following operation in each unit time (i). Only when it is before the unit time (i = ful) when the process is overheated, the power descending operation is prohibited by prohibiting the output decreasing operation in the earliest unit time (i = 1). You may comprise so that it may determine to perform a process.

Next, the output increase operation determination process will be described with reference to FIG.
In the output increase operation determination process, the operation control unit 5 performs the fuel cell from the earliest unit time (i = 1) to the unit time (i = emp) in which the heat load is insufficient when the power load following operation process is performed. The output F (1 to emp) of 1 is set to the output fmax set at the time of the output increasing operation, and the output F (emp +1 to 24) of the fuel cell 1 in the other unit time (i = emp + 1 to 24) is the power load following operation processing. A predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each unit time (i) is obtained under the condition of the output f set at the time (step 201).
Then, referring to the predicted heat storage amount T (i) obtained in this way, the unit time (i =) when the power load follow-up operation process is performed from the earliest unit time (i = 1). emp) when the output up / down operation is performed, the unit time that becomes a heat surplus state is the unit time (i = emp) when the power load following operation processing is performed in each unit time (i). ) Is determined (step 202).
Then, if the unit time that becomes a heat surplus state in the unit time (i = 1 to emp) is not in front of the unit time (i = emp) that is in a heat shortage state, the earliest. Unit time (i = 1) is determined to perform the output increase operation (step 203), while, when the output increase operation is performed in the unit time (i = 1 to emp), the unit time in which a heat surplus state occurs. Is before the unit time (i = emp) in which the heat is insufficient, prohibiting the output increase operation in the earliest unit time (i = 1) and performing the power load following operation process Is determined (step 204).

Hereinafter, in the output increase operation determination process, a case where it is determined to perform the power load following operation process in the earliest unit time (i = 1) will be described based on FIGS. 11 and 12.
As shown in FIG. 11 (a), under the condition that the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 at each unit time (i) is the output f set during the power load follow-up operation process, at each unit time (i). As a result of obtaining the predicted heat storage amount T (i), as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the heat storage amount T (19) and T (20) in the unit time (i = 19, 20), In such a case, an output increase operation determination process is performed.
In the output increase operation determination process, as shown in FIG. 12 (A), when the power load following operation process is performed from the earliest unit time (i = 1) to each unit time (i), The estimated heat storage amount in each unit time (i) under the condition that the outputs F (1) to F (19) of the fuel cell 1 up to the unit time (i = 19) become the output fmax set during the output increasing operation. As a result of obtaining T (i), the output increasing operation is performed in unit time (i = 1 to 19), such as the heat storage amount T (5) in unit time (i = 5) shown in FIG. If the unit time (i = 5) in which the heat is excessive is in front of the unit time (i = 19) in which the heat is insufficient, the output is output in the earliest unit time (i = 1). Since it is prohibited to perform ascending operation, it is decided to perform power load following operation processing. That.

Next, description will be made on operations of the hot water storage operation and the heat medium supply operation by the operation control unit 5.
In the hot water storage operation, when the cooling water circulation pump 15 is operated during operation of the fuel cell 1, hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 is cooled by the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 in the hot water storage heat exchanger 24. It is performed in a state where it can be heated.
And the hot water extracted from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is switched to the state which circulates so that the radiator 19 may be bypassed, the hot water circulation pump 17 is operated, and hot water is supplied from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 to the hot water circuit. The hot water is taken out through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 and heated, and then returned to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 so that the hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 2.

  By the way, in hot water storage operation, when the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full of hot water, the three-way valve is circulated so that the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 passes through the radiator 19. 18, the radiator 19 is operated, the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is radiated by the radiator 19, and then heated through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24.

  In the heat medium supply operation, when the remote controller (not shown) instructs that heat is required at the heating terminal 3, the heat source circulation pump 21 and the heat medium circulation in a state where the heat source intermittent valve 40 is opened. The pump 23 is operated to heat the heat source hot water in at least one of the heat source heat exchanger 25 and the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29, and the heated heat source hot water is heat exchanged for heat medium heating. The heat medium is circulated while passing through the heat exchanger 26, and the heat medium heated by the heat source hot water in the heat medium heating heat exchanger 26 is circulated and supplied to the heat consuming terminal 3.

When heating the hot water for the heat source is added, when the fuel cell 1 is in operation, the cooling in a state in which the cooling water is adjusted by the diversion valve 30 so that the cooling water flows to the heat exchanger 25 side of the heat source. By operating the water circulation pump 15, the heat source heat exchanger 25 is configured to heat the hot water for the heat source.
Further, when the cooling water from the fuel cell 1 alone cannot cover the current heating heat load required by the heating terminal 3, or when the fuel cell 1 is not in operation, the auxiliary heating boiler J is heated. By operating, the auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29 is configured to heat the hot water for the heat source.

  Incidentally, when performing the hot water storage operation and the heating medium supply operation at the same time during the operation of the fuel cell 1, the operation control unit 5 is based on the current heating heat load required by the heat consuming terminal 3. At 30, the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the flow rate of the cooling water to be passed to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side is adjusted.

[ Second Embodiment]
In the second embodiment, since it illustrates another embodiment of a preliminary operation processing in the first implementation mode described above, in addition to mainly described preliminary operation processing, the same components as the first implementation mode of the The description is omitted.

That is, in the second embodiment, the operation control unit 5 is determined as a preliminary operation process from a difference between the currently requested current power load and the provisional power output of the fuel cell 1 that is temporarily set. Optimal so that the sum of the primary energy consumption when power is supplied by purchasing power from the commercial grid 7 and the primary energy consumption when the temporary power generation output is covered by the fuel cell 1 is minimized. The power generation merit priority operation process for operating the fuel cell 1 with the power generation output is executed.

The power generation merit priority operation process will be explained.
For example, the load power of the power load device 9 is LkW, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is DkW, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 1 when the power generation output is DkW is e (D). Assuming that the power generation efficiency of the power plant that supplies power to ep is ep, the optimum power generation output is a power generation output D that minimizes F (D) in the following equation (9).

F (D) = [Max (LD, 0) / ep + D / e (D)] (9)

In other words, the first term of the above formula (9) represents the primary energy consumption when power shortage: (LD) is covered by power purchase, and the second term represents the fuel cell 1 at the power generation output: D. It represents the primary energy consumption when operated. Since the power generation efficiency e (D) of the fuel cell 1 changes according to the power generation output, the value of F (D) also changes when the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 changes. Therefore, if the fuel cell 1 is operated at the power generation output D where the value of F (D) is minimized, the energy for power supply is controlled while suppressing the excess or deficiency of the output power of the fuel cell 1 with respect to the actual power load. The fuel cell 1 can be operated so as to maximize the efficiency.
Then, the optimum power generation output D that minimizes the F (D) is periodically derived at the set timing, and the fuel cell 1 may be operated with the power generation output D.

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart in the case where the power generation merit priority operation process is executed instead of the power load following operation process as the preliminary operation process in the first embodiment.
That is, the lower limit value (M-3σ) of the set probability generation range is compared with the operation stop determination reference value Ka (M) (step A1), and the lower limit value (M-3σ) of the set probability generation range is operated. When it is higher than the stop determination reference value Ka (M), the upper limit value (M + 3σ) of the set probability generation range is compared with the preliminary operation processing determination reference value Kb (M) (step A3), and the set probability is generated. When the upper limit value (M + 3σ) of the range is equal to or larger than the judgment reference value Kb (M) for the preliminary operation process, the power generation merit priority operation process is executed as the preliminary operation process (step 300), the process returns, and the set probability generation range When the upper limit value (M + 3σ) is lower than the preliminary operation processing determination reference value Kb (M), the above-mentioned load-covering condition operation processing is executed.

[Another embodiment]
Then explaining another embodiment.

(B) In the first embodiment described above, by omitting the step A3 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, when the lower limit value of the set probability generating range is larger than the operation stop determination reference value, the load unconditionally You may comprise so that a bribe condition driving | running | working process may be performed.

In a first implementation form of (b) above, the past time-series heat load data and past time-series power load data time attribute (e.g., day) set in association with the period (e.g., 1 day) In the operation state selection control, the management data may be configured to use data on the same day as the operation day.

(C) In the first implementation mode of the range that can occur with a probability of more than the set in the distribution of a plurality of setting periods for hot water supply heat total load setting period, i.e., the set probability generating range, For example, the lower limit value may be set to (M−2σ) and the upper limit value may be set to (M + 2σ). In this case, setting the probability generation range, area by der that can occur at about 95% of the time.

Oite the first embodiment forms state of (d) above, the operation control unit 5, has been illustrated for the case configured to predict both the thermal starved and the heat remainder state, only one You may comprise so that it may estimate.
And when it is configured to predict a heat shortage state, the load-covering operation condition is set to a power load following operation process when the heat shortage state is not predicted, and when a heat shortage state is predicted, In the output increase target time zone, the condition for performing the output increase operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 to the output side larger than the current power load is set. In this case, the omitted fraud and mitigating risk step 11,100 to FIG.
Also, when the heat surplus state is predicted, when the load surplus state is not predicted, the power load following operation process is performed when the heat surplus state is not predicted. In the output lowering target time zone, the condition for performing the output lowering operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 to the output side smaller than the current power load is set. In this case, the omitted fraud and mitigating risk step 12,200 to FIG.

( E ) When the hot water supply heat load for hot water filling and the general hot water supply heat load are managed separately as the hot water supply heat load and hot water supply heat load data is used in the operation state selection control, the hot water supply heat for hot water filling You may comprise so that any one of a load and a general hot water supply heat load may be used.

( F ) Setting examples of the unit time, the setting cycle, and the setting period are not limited to the examples shown in the above embodiment. For example, the unit time can be set to 30 minutes, 2 hours, or the like. The set cycle can be set to 12 hours, 2 days, 1 week, or the like. The set period can be set to 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 2 months, 3 months, or the like.

( G ) A specific example of the time attribute is not limited to the day of the week, and for example, weekdays and holidays can be used.

( H ) Specific examples of the preliminary operation processing are not limited to the power load following operation processing and the power generation merit priority operation processing exemplified in the above embodiments.
For example, an operation process of continuously performing a constant output operation for maintaining the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 at a setting output for preliminary operation lower than the rated output (for example, 25% of the rated output), or the constant output operation is performed. An intermittent operation process can be employed.

( Li ) As the combined heat and power supply apparatus, the fuel cell 1 is applied in the above-described embodiment. However, in addition to this, for example, various apparatuses such as a structure in which a generator is driven by a gas engine may be applied. it can.

1 Cogeneration device 2 Hot water storage tank 4 Hot water storage means 5 Operation control means

Claims (4)

A cogeneration device for generating electric power and heat, a hot water storage means for storing hot water in a hot water storage tank with heat generated by the cogeneration device, and an operation control means for controlling operation,
The operation control means manages the past time-series heat load data and the past time-series power load data, and the time-series predicted heat load data obtained based on the management data And setting a load-covering operation condition for operating the cogeneration device so as to cover time-series predicted power load data, and operating the cogeneration device under the load-coverage operation condition A cogeneration system configured to execute an operation process,
The operation control means is
In the data management process, the heat load data is configured to manage a hot water supply heat load,
Based on the management data related to the past time-series hot water supply heat load, there is a possibility that the distribution in the plurality of set cycles with respect to the total amount of hot water supply heat load in the set cycle consisting of a plurality of unit times may occur with a probability higher than the setting. An operation determination process is performed to determine whether a lower limit value in a certain range is higher than an operation stop determination reference value, and when the lower limit value is higher than the operation stop determination reference value, the load cover A cogeneration system configured to perform conditional operation processing and to stop the cogeneration device when the lower limit value is equal to or less than the operation stop determination reference value. As the setting period, there is a setting period of a plurality of time attributes that exist for each setting repetition period,
The operation control means is configured to manage the past time-series thermal load data and the past time-series power load data for each set period in association with the time attribute in the data management process. The cogeneration system according to claim 1. The operation control means is in a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient with respect to the time-series predicted heat load data by operating the cogeneration device so as to cover the time-series predicted power load data. Or it is configured to predict whether heat will be in a surplus state with respect to the time-series predicted heat load data,
When the load-covering operation condition does not predict either the heat shortage state or the heat surplus state, a power load follow-up operation process for operating the cogeneration device to cover the current power load that is currently requested is performed. When the heat shortage state is predicted, in a predetermined output increase target time zone, perform an output increase operation to adjust the output of the combined heat and power supply device to an output side larger than the current power load, or the excess heat 3. The condition according to claim 1, wherein when the state is predicted, the output reduction operation is performed to adjust the output of the combined heat and power unit to an output side smaller than the current power load in a predetermined output reduction target time zone. Cogeneration system. The operation control means, when operating the combined heat and power supply device, predicted hot water storage amount stored as hot water in the hot water storage tank, predicted energy consumption when operating a power plant and a heating boiler, and when operating the combined heat and power supply device A predicted energy reduction amount that is a difference from the predicted consumption energy amount of the gas and a predicted energy reduction ratio that is a ratio of the predicted energy reduction amount to the predicted hot water storage amount, and based on the calculated predicted energy reduction rate An energy reduction ratio threshold value is set, and the increased output from the minimum output of the combined heat and power unit based on the power load data and heat load data of the operation day and the past power load data and heat load data It is configured to calculate the current energy reduction ratio, which is the current energy reduction ratio,
When the load-covering operation condition is such that the current energy reduction ratio is smaller than the energy reduction ratio threshold value, the combined heat and power unit is operated at a minimum output, and the current energy reduction ratio is equal to or greater than the energy reduction ratio threshold value. The cogeneration system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cogeneration system is operated under the operating conditions that are the current energy reduction ratio.

Images