JP2011012894A - Material for total heat exchange element and heat exchange type ventilation device using the material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve latent heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchange type ventilation device, in a material for a total heat exchange element and the heat exchange type ventilation device using the material.SOLUTION: The material for the total heat exchange element comprising a porous sheet a1 and thin films a2, b3 has inorganic acid salt as moisture absorbents. The thin films a2, b3 supporting the moisture absorbents are provided on both side faces of the porous sheet a1, and since the types of the moisture absorbents are different, moisture-absorption characteristics of the thin film b3 are set higher than those of the thin film a2. In this configuration, water is collected once in the thin film a2 to increase relative humidity within the thin film a2, and since the film b3 has the higher moisture-absorption characteristics than the film a2, transport of water from the thin film a2 to the thin film b3 can be promoted. By collecting water to inside of the thin film b3, the relative humidity is increased, and by expanding the interface between water and air, an evaporation amount of water from the thin film b3 is increased, so as achieve the material for the total heat exchange element having improved moisture permeability.

Description

  The present invention relates to a static permeation type heat exchange type ventilator that collects sensible heat and latent heat at the same time using a material having heat conductivity and moisture permeability as a partition plate.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a heat exchange type ventilator that exchanges heat between air supply and exhaust during ventilation is known as a device that can ventilate without impairing the effects of cooling or heating.

  The heat exchange type ventilator includes a heat exchange element for performing heat exchange, and the material has gas barrier properties (mainly carbon dioxide barrier properties) and flame retardant properties that prevent air supply and exhaust from intermingling. , Heat conductivity is required. In particular, a total heat exchange element that also performs heat exchange of latent heat simultaneously with sensible heat needs to have moisture permeability.

  Accordingly, various heat-absorbing agents such as calcium chloride and flame retardants have been studied for the total heat exchange element material, and the following conventional techniques are disclosed.

  For example, Patent Document 1 is cited. (The drawing is not shown).

  In patent document 1, in order to improve the moisture absorption / release property of the total heat exchange element material, the paper base material mainly composed of pulp is used as the total heat exchange element material (described as the base paper for the total heat exchanger element in the document). And the paper base material contains calcium chloride in an amount of 10 to 25% by mass and has a moisture absorption rate of 15 to 30%. By defining the mass concentration and moisture absorption rate of calcium chloride as a hygroscopic agent, the aim is to prevent liquid dripping due to condensation in a high-humidity environment, achieve both moisture permeability and impart flame resistance.

  Patent Document 2 is cited. (The drawing is not shown).

  In Patent Document 2, in order to increase the latent heat exchange efficiency of the total heat exchange element material, a heat conductive metal or metal compound is vapor-deposited on both front and back surfaces of a fiber sheet made of hydrophobic synthetic fibers. Materials for exchange elements are mentioned. By making the material hydrophobic, it is easy to permeate water in the form of water vapor and aims to improve the moisture permeability of the material.

JP 2007-119969 A JP 2006-28395 A

  In such conventional materials for total heat exchange elements, aiming at improving moisture permeability, the method of increasing the hydrophilicity of the material and increasing the amount of moisture transferred, and the amount of moisture transferred by increasing the hydrophobicity of the material. There is a way to increase it. This is because in the material for total heat exchange elements, liquid water is more likely to move when the material is hydrophilic, while gaseous water, i.e., water vapor, moves because water is more likely to be adsorbed to the material. There is a characteristic that it is difficult. On the other hand, in the material for the total heat exchange element, a material having a hydrophobic material is more likely to move gaseous water, while liquid water is less likely to move to the surface of the material, so that liquid water is less likely to move. In the prior art, since the structure which can promote only one of the transportation means is taken, there is a problem that the other transportation means is suppressed and the moisture permeability performance cannot be greatly improved.

  In Patent Document 1 cited as a conventional example, the entire material has a hygroscopic agent for improving moisture permeability, and moisture is easily adsorbed on the material, so that water vapor diffusion in the material is suppressed, Further, since the moisture absorbent was uniformly distributed inside the material, the force for driving the diffusion of the moisture of the liquid was only the evaporation of moisture on the moisture releasing surface, so that the moisture permeability of the material was insufficient.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the entire material is hydrophobic in order to improve the moisture permeation performance, and the diffusion of liquid water on the surface of the material is inhibited, and a gas barrier property is obtained only with a hydrophobic fiber sheet. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fiber sheet with inter-fiber gaps of a size that allows water vapor to permeate but does not allow other air molecules to penetrate. Met.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, paying attention to the fact that the movement of water is mainly performed by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion, and capillary transport, and all the water transport means are moved in one direction. It aims at providing the material for total heat exchange elements which improved moisture-permeable performance by promoting, and the heat exchange type ventilator using the material.

  The present invention is a flat and moisture-permeable material having a hygroscopic agent, and the hygroscopic agent is provided on both surfaces of the material so that one surface of both surfaces of the material has higher hygroscopicity than the other surface. That is, the material has a high hygroscopic surface and a low hygroscopic surface, and is configured to prevent the hygroscopic agent from moving between both surfaces of the material. It is characterized by having a hygroscopic agent and a structure in which the hygroscopic agent does not move due to the movement of moisture due to latent heat exchange, etc., so that different surfaces absorb and release moisture. The purpose of the period is achieved.

  According to the present invention, a flat and moisture-permeable material having a hygroscopic agent is provided with the hygroscopic agent on both surfaces of the material so that one surface of both surfaces of the material is more hygroscopic than the other surface. It is characterized in that the moisture absorbent is prevented from moving between both surfaces of the material, i.e., the moisture absorption properties of both surfaces of the material are different, and the moisture absorbent is moved by the movement of moisture accompanying latent heat exchange. By adopting a structure that does not move, it features a structure with different moisture absorption and release properties on both sides of the flat material, so moisture is absorbed by a weak moisture absorbent on the side that adsorbs moisture, and a hygroscopic agent with low moisture absorption performance. Increase the moisture concentration inside the material near the adsorption side, and draw it to the surface of the material near the side that releases moisture by the strong moisture absorbent on the opposite side, that is, the side that releases moisture, or the adsorbent with high moisture absorption performance. In the transport of water in the material In a gas, namely to promote the transport by water vapor diffusion, both the transport by diffusion of liquid water in one direction, it is possible to obtain the effect of greatly improving the moisture permeability.

  This mechanism will be described in more detail below.

  In the total heat exchange element material, moisture is adsorbed on the material surface, and the material passes as water vapor and liquid water (especially as liquid when passing through a layer having gas barrier properties), and the material surface on the opposite side Is released as water vapor.

  First, the phenomenon on the material surface will be described.

  As shown in the adsorption isotherm, water vapor is adsorbed in proportion to the relative humidity of the gas on the surface of the material, and the water that has been adsorbed to become liquid is the water vapor partial pressure and water of the gas on the surface of the material aiming at an equilibrium state at the interface. Is condensed or evaporated so as to be equal to the saturated water vapor partial pressure.

  That is, on the surface of the material, the moisture absorption and desorption of water is greater in either the water adsorption rate or the evaporation rate due to the effects of the relative humidity and water vapor partial pressure of the gas on the material surface and the saturated water vapor partial pressure of water on the material surface. It is a phenomenon that occurs depending on the situation. And when gas is actually flowing on the surface of the material, and considering the surface of the material in minute units where the relative humidity and water vapor partial pressure near the surface are considered to be constant, the hygroscopicity of the material is It is influenced by the adsorption rate according to the adsorption isotherm specific to the material and the decrease in the evaporation amount due to the reduction of the saturated water vapor partial pressure of water due to the water-soluble substances contained in the material.

  The water-soluble hygroscopic agent, which is well known in the past, reduces the water evaporation rate by lowering the saturated water vapor partial pressure as approximated by Raoul's law, thereby reducing the moisture absorption of the material. It plays the function of increasing.

  Next, the phenomenon inside the material will be described.

  In order to serve as a ventilator, the heat exchange element in the heat exchange ventilator is required to have a layer having a gas barrier property on the material of the heat exchange element. In particular, a layer having gas barrier properties as in Patent Document 1 has properties different from other parts of the material because it does not allow water vapor to pass therethrough. Separately described.

  In the layer having no gas barrier property, the movement of water is mainly performed by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion, and capillary transport.

  The water vapor diffusion is a transport mode in which water moves in the form of water vapor, and moves from a high water vapor pressure side to a low water vapor side according to the water vapor pressure difference inside the material.

  Surface diffusion and capillary transport are transport modes in which water moves in the form of liquid water, and moves from the higher mobility of adsorbed water to the lower mobility. Here, the mobility of water is an index indicating the ease of movement of water, which is reduced by binding of water to other molecules or strengthening of bonds between water molecules. For example, by having a hydrophilic hygroscopic agent, in addition to the bond between the surface of the material and water, the bond between the hygroscopic agent and water occurs, so the mobility of water decreases. Conversely, for example, when other molecules are not dissolved in water, the mobility of water changes due to the influence of the adsorbed surface, so if the amount of water adsorbed on the material surface increases, the water formed on the material surface As the molecular layer thickness increases, the bond between the molecules on the surface of the material and water molecules weakens, so the mobility of water increases. To put it simply, the higher the concentration of water present per unit space, the greater the mobility of the water due to the weaker interaction between water and other molecules, and the concentration of water due to the presence of materials and hygroscopic agents. When the water content decreases, the mobility of water and other molecules increases and the mobility of water decreases.

  As the material is moistened, the volume of water vapor in the material decreases, so the transport of water in the liquid becomes dominant, moving from the higher mobility of the adsorbed water to the lower one, and vice versa. Since the volume occupied by water vapor increases as the material is dried, water vapor transport becomes dominant, and water moves from the high water vapor partial pressure side to the low side.

  In other words, as mentioned in the previous section, the material had insufficient moisture permeability because it was only focused on water vapor transport by the water vapor partial pressure gradient or liquid water transport by the water mobility gradient. .

  Further, in the layer having gas barrier properties, water does not move in the form of water vapor, so it is considered that the layer moves only by surface diffusion and capillary transport.

  Based on the above, the mechanism and effect of the present invention will be described in detail.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a planar moisture-permeable material having at least one type of moisture absorbent, the moisture absorbent being provided on both surfaces of the material, and one surface of both surfaces of the material being the other surface. It is characterized in that it has a higher hygroscopic property and prevents the hygroscopic agent from moving between both surfaces of the material, that is, a structure in which the hygroscopic agent does not move due to the movement of moisture accompanying latent heat exchange, etc. It is characterized by having different moisture absorption and desorption properties on both sides of a flat material.

  By providing the above features, first, the surface of the material that is weakly hygroscopic on the water adsorbing side wets the surface of the material due to the adsorption of water, the water concentration inside the surface of the material increases, and the mobility of the water increases. In other words, it has the role of collecting water and making it easier to send water to the other surface, which has previously had the role of water adsorption. And by providing a highly hygroscopic surface together, first, due to the difference in the partial pressure of water vapor between the weakly hygroscopic surface and the highly hygroscopic surface, the surface has a low water vapor partial pressure, that is, a highly hygroscopic surface. Water vapor diffusion occurs. Next, the mobility of water has increased on the surface with low hygroscopicity, while the mobility of water has decreased on the surface with high hygroscopicity due to the influence of a hygroscopic agent having strong hygroscopicity. Even if the property is uniform, a water mobility gradient occurs more than that, and the liquid water diffuses toward the highly hygroscopic surface according to the mobility gradient. In other words, it has a role of collecting water in the form of a gas and a liquid on the surface that has only had a role of discharging water conventionally. On the highly hygroscopic surface, moisture concentrates on the surface, increasing the relative humidity between the surface near the surface of the material and the air in contact with the surface, increasing the moisture release rate, and further increasing the interface between the air and water. By increasing the area, water evaporation can be promoted.

  For this reason, whether the movement by water vapor or the movement of liquid water is dominant in the material, both characteristics are promoted and the direction from the low hygroscopic surface to the high hygroscopic surface is one-way. Since the transport of water is promoted, the effect of greatly improving the moisture permeability of the material can be obtained.

Sectional drawing of the raw material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 1 of this invention Sectional drawing of the raw material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 2 of this invention Sectional drawing of the raw material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 3 of this invention Sectional drawing of the raw material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 4 of this invention Sectional drawing of the raw material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 5 of this invention Sectional drawing of the raw material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 6 of this invention Sectional drawing of the material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 7 of this invention Sectional drawing of the raw material for total heat exchange elements of Embodiment 8 of this invention An exploded bird's-eye view of the total heat exchange element according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention Sectional drawing which round-cut the heat exchange type ventilator of Embodiment 10 of this invention horizontally

  The total heat exchange element material according to claim 1 of the present invention is a planar, moisture-permeable material having a hygroscopic agent, wherein the hygroscopic agent is provided on both surfaces of the material, and one of both surfaces of the material is provided. The surface of the material is made more hygroscopic than the other surface, i.e., has the hygroscopic agent on both sides of the material, has a surface with high hygroscopicity and a surface with low hygroscopicity, and the both surfaces of the material mutually By adopting a structure that prevents the hygroscopic agent from moving, that is, by adopting a structure in which the hygroscopic agent does not move due to the movement of moisture accompanying latent heat exchange, etc., different moisture absorption and desorption properties are provided on both sides of the planar material. It has the structure characterized by having. As a result, the moisture concentration in the material near the moisture adsorbing side is increased by the weak moisture absorbing agent on the moisture adsorbing side, and the moisture is released on the opposite side by the strong moisture absorbing agent on the opposite side. By attracting to the surface of the material, both the transportation by water vapor diffusion and the transportation by liquid water diffusion can be promoted in one direction as the transportation of water in the material, so that the moisture permeation performance is improved.

  In addition, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 2 includes the porous sheet as a base material with respect to the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, and an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, or a polyvalent acid as a moisture absorbent. An alcohol or a hygroscopic polymer, a thin film a carrying a hygroscopic agent on one side of the porous sheet, and a thin film b carrying a hygroscopic agent on the opposite side of the porous sheet, the thin film a and the thin film You may make it the structure from which the hygroscopic property of b differs. As a result, the two types of thin films on the surface of the material can provide different moisture absorption and desorption properties on both sides of the material. Both water transport within the material and water transport due to water vapor diffusion can be used. Since it can accelerate | stimulate, there exists an effect of improving moisture permeability. And since the intensity | strength of a raw material can be ensured with a porous sheet, there exists an effect that intensity | strength required as a raw material for total heat exchange elements can be given.

  Further, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 3 is the same as the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, comprising a porous sheet as a base material, and the hygroscopic agent is an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt or a polyvalent acid. It has alcohol or a hygroscopic polymer, a porous sheet is loaded with a hygroscopic agent, a thin film is loaded with a hygroscopic agent on one side of the porous sheet, and the porous sheet and the thin film have different hygroscopic properties. Good. This makes it possible to have different moisture absorption and desorption properties between the thin film and porous sheet provided on the material surface, and promotes both water vapor diffusion and liquid water diffusion as water transport in the material. Therefore, there is an effect of improving the moisture permeability. And since the effect which ensures the intensity | strength of a raw material and the effect of hygroscopicity can be given to a porous sheet, there exists an effect that the layer structure of a raw material can be reduced and a raw material can be made thin. Furthermore, since the hygroscopic agent is carried on the base material, there is an effect that the water retention of the base material can be improved due to the hygroscopic property of the hygroscopic agent.

  In addition, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 4 includes two moisture permeable base materials (base material a and base material b) with respect to the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, and a hygroscopic agent. Provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, and each of the base material a and the base material b carries a hygroscopic agent, and the base material a and the base material b have different hygroscopic properties. You may make it the structure which bonded a and the base material b together. This makes it possible to have different moisture absorption and release properties on both sides of the material by using two types of base materials, and promotes both water vapor diffusion and liquid water diffusion as water transport in the material. Therefore, there is an effect of improving the moisture permeability. And since a hygroscopic agent is carry | supported to the base material of both surfaces, there exists an effect that the water retention of the whole raw material can be improved by the hygroscopic property by a hygroscopic agent.

  Further, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 5 is provided with two moisture-permeable base materials (base material a and base material b) with respect to the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, and a hygroscopic agent. Are provided with a hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more, and a hygroscopic agent is immersed or mixed in each of the base material a and the base material b, so that the hygroscopicity of the base material a and the base material b is different. A configuration may be adopted in which a porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less is sandwiched between the base materials b. A porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less defined as an ultrafiltration membrane in IUPAC can contain particles and polymers having a size ranging from 2 nanometers to 200 nanometers depending on the pore diameter. Can be blocked. By providing this sheet and preventing the movement of the hygroscopic polymer between the base material a and the base material b, it is possible to give different moisture absorption and desorption properties on both sides of the material, as transport of water in the material, Since both transportation by water vapor diffusion and transportation by liquid water diffusion can be promoted, there is an effect of improving moisture permeability. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to support the hygroscopic polymer on the substrate, the number of the hygroscopic polymer surface that can be combined with water is increased, so that the hygroscopic property can be further improved.

  The total heat exchange element material according to claim 6 includes two moisture-permeable base materials (base material a and base material b) with respect to the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1. The hygroscopic agent a contained in a includes a hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more, and the hygroscopic agent b contained in the base material b contains an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a highly hygroscopic material. It has molecules, soaks or mixes the hygroscopic agent a in the base material a, supports the hygroscopic agent b in the base material b, and the base material a and the base material b have different hygroscopic properties. Alternatively, a porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less may be sandwiched and bonded. As described above, the porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less can block particles and polymers having a size ranging from 2 nanometers to 200 nanometers according to the pore diameter. By providing this sheet and preventing the movement of the hygroscopic polymer between the base material a and the base material b, it is possible to give different moisture absorption and desorption properties on both sides of the material, as transport of water in the material, Since both transportation by water vapor diffusion and transportation by liquid water diffusion can be promoted, there is an effect of improving moisture permeability. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to support the hygroscopic polymer on the substrate, the number of the hygroscopic polymer surface that can be combined with water is increased, so that the hygroscopic property can be further improved.

  The total heat exchange element material according to claim 7 is provided with two moisture-permeable base materials (base material a and base material b) with respect to the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, and a hygroscopic agent. Comprising an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, dipping or mixing a hygroscopic agent in each of the base material a and the base material b, and the hygroscopicity of the base material a and the base material b is different. A configuration may be adopted in which a porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or less is sandwiched between the base material a and the base material b. A porous sheet having a pore size of 2 nanometers or less is called a reverse osmosis membrane and is used in a seawater desalination apparatus or a pure water production apparatus, and can block almost all ions and organic compounds. By providing this sheet and preventing the movement of the hygroscopic agent composed of ions or organic compounds between the base material a and the base material b, it is possible to give different moisture absorption and desorption properties on both sides of the material. As water transportation, both transportation by water vapor diffusion and transportation by liquid water diffusion can be promoted, so that the effect of improving moisture permeability is achieved. Furthermore, since there is no need to support the hygroscopic agent on the base material, the number of hygroscopic sites that can be combined with water increases, so that the hygroscopicity can be further improved.

  The total heat exchange element material according to claim 8 comprises the porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less as a substrate with respect to the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, and a hygroscopic agent. A hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more, a thin film a having a hygroscopic agent on one side of the porous sheet, and a thin film b having a hygroscopic agent on the opposite side of the porous sheet The thin film a and the thin film b may have different hygroscopicity. As described above, the porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less can block particles and polymers in the range of 2 nanometers to 200 nanometers depending on the pore diameter. By providing this sheet and preventing the movement of the hygroscopic polymer between the base material a and the base material b, it is possible to give different moisture absorption and desorption properties on both sides of the material, as transport of water in the material, Since both transportation by water vapor diffusion and transportation by liquid water diffusion can be promoted, there is an effect of improving moisture permeability. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to support the hygroscopic polymer on the substrate, the number of the hygroscopic polymer surface that can be combined with water is increased, so that the hygroscopic property can be further improved. Moreover, there exists an effect that the whole raw material can be made thin by making the layer which has a hygroscopic agent into a thin film.

  The total heat exchange element material according to claim 9 is the total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, comprising a porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or less as a base material, and the hygroscopic agent is an inorganic acid salt. Or the organic acid salt or the polyhydric alcohol or the hygroscopic polymer, the thin film a having the hygroscopic agent is provided on one surface of the porous sheet, and the thin film b having the hygroscopic agent is provided on the opposite surface of the porous sheet. The thin film a and the thin film b may have different hygroscopicity. As described above, a porous sheet having a pore size of 2 nanometers or less can block almost all ions, organic compounds, and the like. By providing this sheet and preventing the movement of the hygroscopic agent composed of ions or organic compounds between the base material a and the base material b, it is possible to give different moisture absorption and desorption properties on both sides of the material. As water transportation, both transportation by water vapor diffusion and transportation by liquid water diffusion can be promoted, so that the effect of improving moisture permeability is achieved. Furthermore, since there is no need to support the hygroscopic agent on the base material, the number of hygroscopic sites that can be combined with water increases, so that the hygroscopicity can be further improved. Moreover, there exists an effect that the whole raw material can be made thin by making the layer which has a hygroscopic agent into a thin film.

  In addition, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 10 may be configured such that the porous sheet is provided with a ceramic film in the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 5, 6, and 8. Thereby, there exists an effect that a flame retardance can be provided to a raw material with a ceramic film, without adding a flame retardant to a raw material separately.

  The total heat exchange element material according to claim 11 may be configured to use a cellulose acetate film for the porous sheet of the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 5 to 9. Thereby, there exists an effect that a flame retardance can be provided to a raw material with a cellulose acetate film | membrane, without adding a flame retardant to a raw material separately.

  Further, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 12 is an ion cross-linked polysaccharide on at least one base material of the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 3, 4, 6, and 7. You may make it the structure using the crosslinked body ionically bridge | crosslinked with the agent. As a result, the polysaccharide and the ionic cross-linking agent have a function as a hygroscopic agent and do not flow out with water, so that the hygroscopic property is imparted to the material by the cross-linked body without including the hygroscopic agent in the material separately. There is an effect that can be.

  The total heat exchange element material according to claim 13 may be configured such that the hygroscopicity of the porous sheet is higher than the hygroscopicity of the thin film with respect to the total heat exchange element material according to claim 3. The distribution of moisture in the material is characterized in that it spreads evenly over the entire surface or that the moisture is biased toward highly hygroscopic sites. In addition, since the base material is thicker than the thin film and can hold more water, the moisture content can be increased by increasing the moisture content that can be retained in the entire material by making the highly hygroscopic part the base material side. The effect that can be improved.

  In addition, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 14 is higher in the hygroscopicity of the base material a than the hygroscopicity of the base material b in the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 4 to 7. A combination may be used, and the base material a may be thicker than the base material b. As described above, the distribution of moisture in the material has a feature that the moisture spreads uniformly over the whole or the moisture is biased to a highly hygroscopic portion. Thereby, by increasing the amount of water that can be held by the base material a over the base material b, it is possible to increase the water content that can be held in the entire material and to improve the moisture permeability.

  Further, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 15 is the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and the base material is mainly cellulose. It is good also as a structure comprised from a molecule | numerator and having a guanidine salt in a hygroscopic agent. As a result, the hygroscopic property of guanidine salt and the dehydration carbonization-type flame retardant action on cellulose can be imparted to the material, and the flame retardant property can be imparted to the material without adding a flame retardant to the material separately. There is an effect that can be done.

  Further, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 16 may have a configuration in which the substrate has a highly water-absorbing polymer in the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 1 to 15. As a result, the amount of water that can be held by the material increases, and the moisture permeability can be improved.

  In addition, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 17 is higher in the hygroscopicity of the base material a than the hygroscopicity of the base material b in the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 4 to 7. It is good also as a structure which has a superabsorbent polymer in the base material a using a combination. As described above, the distribution of moisture in the material has a feature that the moisture spreads uniformly over the whole or the moisture is biased to a highly hygroscopic portion. Thereby, by increasing the amount of water that can be held by the base material a from the base material b, it is possible to increase the amount of water that can be held by the entire material and to improve the moisture permeability.

  Further, the total heat exchange element material according to claim 18 is a superabsorbent polymer between the base material a and the base material b in the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 4 to 7. You may make it the structure provided with the sheet | seat which has. Accordingly, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, the superabsorbent polymer has a weak ability to absorb water vapor, but has a strong ability to absorb liquid water, so that it is liquid between the base material a and the base material b. A layer for storing water can be provided. And the superabsorbent polymer mediates the movement of water between the base material a and the base material b, so that the planar deviation of the moisture content when processed into the element is alleviated and moisture is released from the dry site. It promotes and increases the amount of moisture that can be retained in the entire material, so that the moisture permeation performance can be improved.

  The total heat exchange element according to claim 19 uses the total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 1 to 18 as a heat transfer plate, and surfaces having high hygroscopicity or surfaces having low hygroscopicity The first flow path and the second flow path are configured so that a plurality of layers of the heat transfer plates are alternately stacked so as to face each other, and the layers overlap each other alternately. As a result, two types of flow paths having different hygroscopicity of the heat transfer plate can be formed in the total heat exchange element, and the water in the material is transported from the flow path for adsorbing moisture to the flow path for releasing moisture. As described above, since both transportation by water vapor diffusion and transportation by liquid water diffusion can be promoted, the latent heat exchange performance of the element is improved.

  A heat exchange type ventilator according to claim 20 comprises the total heat exchange element according to claim 19. Thereby, there exists an effect that the latent-heat collection | recovery efficiency of a heat exchange type ventilation apparatus can be improved by providing an element with high latent-heat exchange performance.

  The heat exchange ventilator according to claim 21 is the heat exchange ventilator according to claim 20, wherein the heat exchange ventilator takes in outdoor air into the room and discharges the indoor air to the outside. Independent air supply passages for ventilating outdoor air and exhaust passages for ventilating indoor air are provided, and the flow paths connecting the first flow path and the second flow path of the element are respectively connected to the air supply flow path and the exhaust flow. You may make it the structure provided with the switching means which switches a flow path so that it can select from a path. As a result, it is possible to select and connect the supply air flow path or the exhaust flow path to the highly hygroscopic flow path or the low flow path of the total heat exchange element, respectively, and to improve the latent heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange ventilator. There is an effect that it can be increased.

  The heat exchange ventilator according to claim 22 is the heat exchange ventilator according to claim 21, wherein when the indoor air has a higher humidity than the outdoor air, the highly hygroscopic surface has an air supply channel. And a surface with low hygroscopicity is included in the exhaust flow path, and a surface with high hygroscopicity is included in the exhaust flow path and the surface with low hygroscopicity when the indoor air has a lower humidity than the outdoor air. It is good also as a structure which switches a flow path so that is included in an air supply flow path. Thereby, in accordance with changes in the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity environment, the direction in which moisture transport in the material is promoted and the direction in which the latent heat is collected coincide with each other, so that the latent heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange ventilator can be increased. There is an effect.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, the total heat exchange element material composed of the porous sheet a1, the thin film a2, and the thin film b3 is made of an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer as a hygroscopic agent. A thin film a2 carrying a hygroscopic agent on one surface of the porous sheet a1, that is, one surface of the porous sheet a1, and the other surface of the porous sheet a1, that is, the other surface of the porous sheet a1. The surface has a thin film b3 carrying a hygroscopic agent, the hygroscopic performance of the hygroscopic agent contained in the thin film a2 is different from the hygroscopic performance of the hygroscopic agent contained in the thin film a2, and the hygroscopic performance of the hygroscopic agent contained in the thin film b3 Is used to make the hygroscopicity of the thin film a2 lower than that of the thin film b3.

  For example, specifically, a porous sheet is made of polyethylene as a main component, a polymer material containing 20% polyvinyl alcohol is used to increase hydrophilicity, and calcium chloride is absorbed into the thin film a2 using polyoxyethylene. And a structure in which lithium chloride is supported as a hygroscopic agent using polyoxyethylene on the thin film b3.

  The thin film a2 and the thin film b3 use the same adsorbent, and the amount of the hygroscopic agent supported on the thin film a2 is smaller than the amount supported on the thin film b3, so that the hygroscopic property of the thin film a2 is reduced. It may be lower than the hygroscopicity.

  With this configuration, water is absorbed in the thin film a2, and the thin film a2 becomes wet. The absorbed water diffuses into the porous sheet a1 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion, and capillary transport. The water diffused in the porous sheet a1 reaches the thin film b3 and evaporates from the thin film b3. At this time, after collecting water once in the thin film a2 and increasing the relative humidity inside the thin film a2, the thin film b3 has higher hygroscopicity than the thin film a2, that is, the water vapor pressure is low and the mobility of water is low. By setting it as a low location, the transportation of water vapor by the water vapor diffusion from the thin film a2 to the thin film b3 and the transportation of the liquid water by the surface diffusion and the capillary transportation can be promoted. And by collecting water inside the thin film b3, the relative humidity is increased and the interface between water and air is widened, so that the evaporation amount of water from the thin film b3 can be increased. The moisture permeation performance from a2 to the thin film b3 direction can be improved. Furthermore, by supporting the hygroscopic agent on the thin film, it is possible to prevent the hygroscopic agent from dissolving in water and moving between the both surfaces of the material, and to maintain the difference in hygroscopicity on both surfaces. That is, the hygroscopic agent is fixed to the thin film by carrying the hygroscopic agent on the thin film a2 and the thin film b3. Therefore, the hygroscopic agent dissolves in the water and moves to the water discharge side together with water in the surface diffusion and capillary transport, which is the movement of water. Therefore, the transport of water can be continuously promoted because the difference in hygroscopicity between the thin film a2 and the thin film b3 can be maintained.

  The porous sheet in the present invention has both moisture permeability and heat conductivity, for example, a porous polymer film, specifically, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyester, cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide, Polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, cellulose and the like are used as raw materials. In addition, there are papers, nonwoven fabrics, and woven fabrics made of pulp and synthetic fibers, which have fine pores, such as wood pulp based on cellulose, rayon, cotton, hemp, and cellulose derivatives. The raw material is a certain cellulose acetate, animal fibers such as wool and silk, synthetic fibers such as acrylic fibers, inorganic fibers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers, synthetic fibers such as polyester and polyvinyl alcohol. Furthermore, porous inorganic materials are also included, and specifically include those mainly composed of ceramics, silica gel and the like. In particular, in the present invention, since both diffusion by water vapor and diffusion by liquid water can be promoted, both a hydrophilic porous sheet and a hydrophobic porous sheet are suitable in principle. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to various humidity environments. For example, when the material of the present invention is used in a low humidity environment, the hydrophilic porous sheet loses water sucked into the porous sheet. Therefore, among the porous sheets, hydrophobic porous sheets such as polyethylene and carbon fibers are preferable. On the other hand, when using in a high humidity environment, it is important to transport water as a liquid, and it is necessary to increase the amount of water that can be retained in the entire material. Specifically, those having a hydrophilic substance such as wood pulp and polyvinyl alcohol are suitable. In this case, a hydrophobic substance, specifically, polyethylene or carbon fiber or the like as a main component, and having the hydrophilic component to have a hydrophilic property is also suitable.

  Furthermore, by using a cross-linked product obtained by ionically cross-linking polysaccharides with an ionic cross-linking agent in the porous sheet, the ionic cross-linking agent and the polysaccharide function as a hygroscopic substance, so that no hygroscopic substance is added. It is preferable that the base material using the cross-linked product can be hygroscopic.

  In addition, it is preferable that the base material has a highly water-absorbing polymer because the amount of moisture that can be retained in the entire material is increased and the moisture permeability can be improved.

  The superabsorbent polymer in the present invention is a hydrophilic polymer compound having a high water retention property, and retains 10 times or more water of its own weight in its crosslinked structure. Examples of the material include polyacrylate, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like. The superabsorbent polymer is weak against salts because the functional group such as a carboxyl group in the polymer is ionically repelled and absorbs many water molecules by binding to water. For this reason, when an ionic hygroscopic agent is provided, a functional group such as a sulfo group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, a methylamino group, or a hydroxyl group is added to the superabsorbent polymer among the superabsorbent polymers. What has salt tolerance is more suitable.

  The thin film in the present invention refers to a thin film that is thinner than a portion that becomes a base material and that cannot provide strength as a heat exchange element material alone.

  Specific examples of the inorganic acid salt as the moisture absorbent include halides such as lithium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and iron chloride, guanidine salts such as guanidine sulfamate, guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine phosphate, silver nitrate and lithium nitrate. And nitrates such as manganese sulfate and the like.

  Examples of the organic acid salt as the hygroscopic agent include sodium lactate, calcium lactate, sodium pyrrolidonecarboxylate, and sodium chondroitin sulfate.

  Examples of the polyhydric alcohol as the hygroscopic agent include glycerin, ethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol.

  Examples of the hygroscopic polymer as the hygroscopic agent include polyacrylic acid, polyglutamic acid and salts or cross-linked products thereof, pectin, gellan gum and the cross-linked products thereof, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin and the like, and polymers thereof.

  As the hygroscopic agent, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, and the like that have high hygroscopicity, stable physical properties, and low toxicity to the human body are particularly desirable.

  In addition, when the substrate is mainly composed of cellulose, by providing a guanidine salt as a hygroscopic agent, the guanidine salt has a dehydration carbonization-type flame retardant action on cellulose, so that the material has flame retardancy. It is possible to give.

  In the present invention, the loading of the hygroscopic agent means that the hygroscopic agent is bonded to a base substance and is not washed away by water. For example, an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt is provided as a moisture absorbent, and polyoxyethylene is included as a base material, whereby the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt can be supported by polyoxyethylene. This is a method capable of supporting lithium chloride or calcium chloride. In addition, for example, the hygroscopic agent can be supported by crosslinking with a polyfunctional epoxy resin having an organic acid salt having a carboxyl group such as sodium lactate and having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule. Further, for example, hygroscopic agents such as sodium lactate, glycerin, and ethylene glycol are polymerized into polymers such as polylactic acid, polyglycerin, and polyethylene glycol, respectively, and these hygroscopic polymers are cross-linked with fibers such as cellulose and polyethylene. It can carry | support by making it.

  In addition, strength and flame retardancy are also important properties as a material for a total heat exchange element, but for example, by having a substance for increasing flame retardancy, specifically aluminum hydroxide, etc., other than a hygroscopic agent Since this substance may affect the hygroscopic performance of the material, the hygroscopic agent in the present invention refers to an agent that affects the hygroscopic performance of the material as an additive to the material.

  Although the type of the hygroscopic agent is changed in the embodiment, the hygroscopicity on both surfaces of the material may be made different by changing the amount of the hygroscopic agent.

  Although the type of the hygroscopic agent is changed in the embodiment, the hygroscopic performance may be changed depending on the type of the member having the hygroscopic agent and the containing / supporting method. Specifically, for example, polylactic acid is provided as a hygroscopic agent, and a polylactic acid cross-linked product in which mevalonolactone is added to one side surface increases the degree of branching of the polylactic acid and interacts with water molecules on the surface of the polylactic acid. Examples include increasing the number of functional groups that have an effect and increasing hygroscopicity.

  Note that gas barrier properties are also an important property as a total heat exchange element material, and it is preferable that at least one of the porous sheet a1, the thin film a2, and the thin film b3 has gas barrier properties.

(Embodiment 2)
The same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, a porous sheet b4 is provided as a base material, the hygroscopic agent is provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, and the hygroscopic agent is provided on the porous sheet b4. A thin film c5 that supports the hygroscopic agent is provided on one surface of the porous sheet, and the porous sheet b4 has a higher hygroscopic property than the thin film c5.

  With this configuration, water is absorbed in the thin film c5 and becomes wet. The absorbed water is diffused and evaporated into the porous sheet b4 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion and capillary transport. At this time, by collecting water once in the thin film c5 and increasing the relative humidity inside the thin film c5, the porous sheet b4 has a hygroscopic property, low water mobility, and a low water vapor partial pressure. The water vapor diffusion from the thin film c5 to the porous sheet b4 and the transport of liquid water by surface diffusion and capillary transport can be promoted. And by collecting water inside the porous sheet b4, the relative humidity is increased and the interface between water and air is widened, so that the evaporation amount of water from the porous sheet b4 can be increased and the transportation of water is promoted. In addition, the moisture permeation performance from the thin film c5 toward the porous sheet b4 can be improved.

  Furthermore, since this structure can provide the porous sheet b4 with the effect of ensuring the strength of the material and the effect of hygroscopicity, the material can have only two layers and the material can be thinned.

  In addition, since the moisture absorbent is supported on the porous sheet b4, the moisture retention of the porous sheet b4 can be improved by the moisture absorbent, and the moisture permeability can be improved by increasing the water retention amount of the material.

  In the present embodiment, the porous sheet b4 having a thickness larger than that of the thin film c5 is set on the side having high hygroscopicity. With this configuration, taking advantage of the feature that the moisture distribution in the material spreads uniformly over the whole or the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites, the amount of moisture that can be retained in the entire material consisting of the porous sheet b4 and the thin film c5 is increased, The moisture permeability can be improved, which is more preferable.

(Embodiment 3)
Portions that are the same as in Embodiment 1 or 2 are given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, two moisture-permeable porous sheets (porous sheet c6 and porous sheet d7) are provided, and the hygroscopic agent is an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic property. A polymer is provided, and a hygroscopic agent is supported on each of the porous sheet c6 and the porous sheet d7. The porous sheet c6 has higher hygroscopicity than the porous sheet d7, and the porous sheet c6 and the porous sheet d7 are bonded together. The configuration is as follows.

  With this configuration, water is absorbed in the porous sheet d7 to be in a wet state. The absorbed water is diffused and evaporated into the porous sheet c6 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion and capillary transport. At this time, once water is collected in the porous sheet d7 to increase the relative humidity inside the porous sheet d7, the porous sheet c6 has a hygroscopic property and has a low water mobility, so that It is possible to promote water vapor diffusion from the porous sheet d7 to the porous sheet c6 and transport of liquid water by surface diffusion and capillary transport. And by collecting water inside the porous sheet c6, the relative humidity is increased and the interface between water and air is widened, so that the evaporation amount of water from the porous sheet c6 can be increased and the transportation of water is promoted. In addition, the moisture permeation performance from the porous sheet d7 toward the porous sheet c6 can be improved.

  Examples of the bonding method include thermal welding, pressure bonding, and a method using an adhesive. In the case of using an adhesive, specifically, the adhesive may be, for example, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyester resin, or polypropylene resin. Can be mentioned.

  In addition, when the said adhesive agent is used, since the adhesive agent has gas barrier property, it is not necessary to give gas barrier property to the porous sheet c6 and the porous sheet d7, and is suitable.

  In this embodiment, the porous sheet is provided on the two base materials. However, according to the necessity such as providing the material with gas barrier properties, at least one of the base materials is not permeable to moisture. A porous sheet may be provided, and there is no difference in the effect.

  The structure in which the porous sheet c6 is thicker than the porous sheet d7 takes advantage of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly over the whole or the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. It is more preferable because the moisture that can be held in the entire material composed of c6 and the porous sheet d7 can be increased and the moisture permeability can be improved.

  The configuration in which the porous sheet c6 has a higher water-absorbing polymer than the porous sheet d7 takes advantage of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly throughout the material or that the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. It is more preferable because the moisture that can be held in the entire material composed of the porous sheet c6 and the porous sheet d7 can be increased and the moisture permeability can be improved.

  In addition, by sandwiching a sheet having a superabsorbent polymer between the porous sheet c6 and the porous sheet d7, the superabsorbent polymer mediates the movement of water between the porous sheet c6 and the porous sheet d7. Thus, the planar deviation of the moisture amount when processed into the element is eased to promote moisture release from the dried portion, and the moisture that can be retained in the entire material composed of the porous sheet c6 and the porous sheet d7 is increased. It is more preferable because it can increase the moisture permeability.

(Embodiment 4)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, two moisture-permeable porous sheets (porous sheet e8, porous sheet f9) are provided, and the hygroscopic agent has a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more, for example, Polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1075 to 2400 and a degree of polymerization of 24 to 54, preferably polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 1500 and a degree of polymerization of about 33 to 34, and the like, respectively, in the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet f9 Polyethylene glycol is provided, and by changing the amount of polyethylene glycol in the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet f9, the hygroscopic property of the porous sheet f9 is higher than that of the porous sheet e8, and between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet f9. A moisture-permeable ultrafiltration membrane 10 having a pore diameter of 200 nanometers or less and 2 nanometers or more, such as a pore There 2 nanometers, polyethersulfone membrane with molecular weight cut off 1000, and sandwiched therebetween bonded together constitute a.

  With this configuration, the hygroscopic polymer such as polyethylene glycol cited as an example is restricted in movement by the ultrafiltration membrane 10, and thus the difference in hygroscopicity between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet f9 is transferred to moisture. You can keep it later.

  Therefore, first, water is absorbed in the porous sheet e8 to be in a wet state. The absorbed water is diffused and evaporated into the ultrafiltration membrane 10 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion and capillary transport. Therefore, after collecting water once in the porous sheet e8 and increasing the relative humidity inside the porous sheet e8, the porous sheet f9 has hygroscopicity, low water vapor partial pressure, and water mobility. By setting it as a low location, it is possible to promote water vapor diffusion from the porous sheet e8 through the ultrafiltration membrane 10 to the porous sheet f9 and liquid water transportation by surface diffusion and capillary transportation. And by collecting water inside the porous sheet f9, the relative humidity is increased and the interface between water and air is widened, so that the evaporation amount of water from the porous sheet f9 can be increased and the transportation of water is promoted. In addition, the moisture permeation performance from the porous sheet e8 to the porous sheet f9 can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, the hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more in the present invention is exemplified by polyethylene glycol having a degree of polymerization of about 33, but the blocking rate in the ultrafiltration membrane 10 is 85% or more, Since 90% or more is required, the actual lower limit of the molecular weight of the hygroscopic polymer to be provided is defined by the molecular weight cut off of the ultrafiltration membrane 10 to be provided, as exemplified in the fourth embodiment. The In general, since the hygroscopic polymer has a higher hygroscopicity as the degree of polymerization becomes higher, the upper limit of the degree of polymerization, that is, the upper limit of the molecular weight is defined by the required hygroscopic strength.

The ultrafiltration membrane 10 in the present invention is a porous sheet having a pore diameter of about 2 nanometers to about 200 nanometers, and generally has a performance of about 1,000 to 300,000 in the molecular weight cutoff. Examples of the material include polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, ceramics, and the like, and among them, a filtration membrane having a small fractional molecular weight using polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, and the like is preferable.
Further, it is preferable to provide the ultrafiltration membrane 10 with a ceramic membrane or a cellulose acetate membrane because flame retardancy can be added to the material.

  Although the ultrafiltration membrane 10 is provided in the embodiment, the effect of the present invention can be obtained as long as the membrane has a fractionation performance equal to or higher than, for example, the pore diameter is about 1 to 2 nanometers. Nanofilter membranes are also suitable.

  In this embodiment, the porous sheet is provided on the two base materials. However, according to the necessity such as providing the material with gas barrier properties, at least one of the base materials is not permeable to moisture. A porous sheet may be provided, and there is no difference in the effect.

  The structure in which the porous sheet e8 is thicker than the porous sheet f9 takes advantage of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly over the whole or the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. It is more preferable because the moisture that can be retained in the entire material composed of e8, the porous sheet f9, and the ultrafiltration membrane 10 can be increased and the moisture permeability can be improved.

  Note that the configuration in which the porous sheet e8 has a higher water-absorbing polymer than the porous sheet f9 takes advantage of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly throughout the material or that the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. It is more preferable because it can increase the moisture that can be retained in the entire material composed of the porous sheet e8, the porous sheet f9, and the ultrafiltration membrane 10 and improve the moisture permeability.

  It should be noted that the superabsorbent polymer mediates the movement of water between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet f9 by sandwiching the sheet having the superabsorbent polymer between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet f9. Therefore, the planar deviation of the moisture amount when processed into an element is alleviated to promote moisture release from the dried portion, and the material comprising the porous sheet e8, the porous sheet f9, and the ultrafiltration membrane 10 It is more preferable because the moisture that can be retained in the whole can be increased and the moisture permeability can be improved.

(Embodiment 5)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 5, two moisture permeable porous sheets (porous sheet e8, porous sheet g11) are provided, and the molecular size of the hygroscopic agent contained in the porous sheet e8 is 2 nanometers or more. A hygroscopic polymer, a hygroscopic agent contained in the porous sheet g11 is provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, and a hygroscopic agent is immersed or mixed in the porous sheet e8. A hygroscopic agent is supported on the porous sheet g11. The hygroscopic property of the porous sheet g11 is higher than that of the porous sheet e8, and the pore size between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet g11 is 200 nm or less and 2 nm or more. The wet ultrafiltration membrane 10 is sandwiched between the layers.

  With this configuration, the hygroscopic polymer contained in the porous sheet e8 is restricted in movement by the ultrafiltration membrane 10, and the hygroscopic agent contained in the porous sheet g11 is held in the porous sheet g11. The difference in hygroscopicity between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet g11 can be maintained even after moisture transfer.

  Therefore, first, water is absorbed in the porous sheet e8 to be in a wet state. The absorbed water is diffused and evaporated into the ultrafiltration membrane 10 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion and capillary transport. Therefore, after collecting water once in the porous sheet e8 and increasing the relative humidity inside the porous sheet e8, the porous sheet g11 has hygroscopicity, low water vapor partial pressure, and water mobility. By setting it as a low location, water vapor diffusion from the porous sheet e8 through the ultrafiltration membrane 10 to the porous sheet g11 and liquid water transportation by surface diffusion and capillary transportation can be promoted. And by collecting water inside the porous sheet g11, it is possible to increase the relative humidity and widen the interface between water and air, thereby increasing the evaporation amount of water from the porous sheet g11 and promoting the transportation of water. In addition, the moisture permeation performance from the porous sheet e8 to the porous sheet g11 can be improved.

  Although the ultrafiltration membrane 10 is provided in the embodiment, the effect of the present invention can be obtained as long as the membrane has a fractionation performance equal to or higher than, for example, the pore diameter is about 1 to 2 nanometers. Nano filter membranes are also suitable.

  In this embodiment, the porous sheet is provided on the two base materials. However, according to the necessity such as providing the material with gas barrier properties, at least one of the base materials is not permeable to moisture. A porous sheet may be provided, and there is no difference in the effect.

  The configuration in which the porous sheet e8 is thicker than the porous sheet g11 takes advantage of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly over the whole or the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. It is more preferable because the moisture that can be retained in the entire material composed of e8, the porous sheet g11, and the ultrafiltration membrane 10 can be increased and the moisture permeability can be improved.

  Note that the configuration in which the porous sheet e8 has a higher water-absorbing polymer than the porous sheet g11 makes use of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly throughout the material or that the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. More preferably, the moisture content that can be retained in the entire material composed of the porous sheet e8, the porous sheet g11, and the ultrafiltration membrane 10 can be increased to improve the moisture permeability.

  The superabsorbent polymer mediates the movement of water between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet g11 by sandwiching the sheet having the superabsorbent polymer between the porous sheet e8 and the porous sheet g11. Thus, the planar deviation of the moisture content when processed into an element is alleviated to promote moisture release from the dried portion, and the material comprising the porous sheet e8, the porous sheet g11, and the ultrafiltration membrane 10 It is more preferable because the moisture that can be retained in the whole can be increased and the moisture permeability can be improved.

(Embodiment 6)
The same parts as those in any of the first to fifth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, two moisture-permeable porous sheets (porous sheet h12 and porous sheet i13) are provided, and the hygroscopic agent is an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic property. The porous sheet h12 and the porous sheet i13 are each provided with a hygroscopic agent, for example, lithium chloride and calcium chloride, respectively, and the porous sheet i13 has higher hygroscopicity than the porous sheet h12. The porous sheet i13 has a moisture-permeable reverse osmosis membrane 14 having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or less, for example, an aromatic polyamide membrane having a sodium chloride ion rejection rate of 90% or more and is bonded to each other.

  With this configuration, since the movement of the hygroscopic agent contained in the porous sheet h12 and the porous sheet i13 is restricted by the reverse osmosis membrane 14, the difference in hygroscopicity between the porous sheet h12 and the porous sheet i13 is determined after moisture movement. Can also keep.

  For this reason, first, water is absorbed in the porous sheet h12 to be in a wet state. The absorbed water is diffused and evaporated into the reverse osmosis membrane 14 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion and capillary transport. Therefore, after collecting water once in the porous sheet h12 and increasing the relative humidity inside the porous sheet h12, the porous sheet i13 has hygroscopicity, low water vapor partial pressure, and water mobility. By setting it as a low location, it is possible to promote water vapor diffusion from the porous sheet h12 through the reverse osmosis membrane 14 to the porous sheet i13 and liquid water transportation by surface diffusion and capillary transportation. And by collecting water inside the porous sheet i13, the relative humidity is increased and the interface between water and air is increased, so that the evaporation amount of water from the porous sheet i13 can be increased and the transportation of water is promoted. In addition, the moisture permeation performance from the porous sheet h12 toward the porous sheet i13 can be improved.

  The reverse osmosis membrane 14 in the present invention is a porous sheet having a pore size of 2 nanometers or less, and almost all ions, organic compounds, and the like can be blocked according to the pore size. The upper limit of the pore diameter varies depending on the type of the hygroscopic agent provided, and as exemplified in the present embodiment, a shape such as a pore diameter having a sodium chloride ion blocking rate or a divalent ion blocking rate that does not transmit molecules used in the hygroscopic agent. Defines the upper limit. Further, since the moisture permeability is lost when the pore diameter becomes extremely small, the lower limit of the pore diameter is defined as the lower limit having moisture permeability. Examples of the material include cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone and the like, and hydrophilic cellulose acetate suitable for water permeation, aromatic polyamide having a high salt blocking rate, and the like are preferable.

  In addition, it is preferable to provide the reverse osmosis membrane 14 with a cellulose acetate membrane since flame retardancy can be added to the material.

  Although the reverse osmosis membrane 14 is provided in the embodiment, if the membrane has a fractionation performance equal to or higher than that, there is no difference in the function and effect, for example, a non-porous water-permeable membrane that does not allow ions to pass therethrough. Is suitable.

  In this embodiment, the porous sheet is provided on the two base materials. However, according to the necessity such as providing the material with gas barrier properties, at least one of the base materials is not permeable to moisture. A porous sheet may be provided, and there is no difference in the effect.

  The structure in which the porous sheet h12 is thicker than the porous sheet i13 takes advantage of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly throughout the material or the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. It is more preferable because moisture that can be retained in the entire material composed of h12, porous sheet i13, and reverse osmosis membrane 14 can be increased and moisture permeability can be improved.

  The configuration in which the porous sheet h12 has more superabsorbent polymer than the porous sheet i13 takes advantage of the feature that the distribution of moisture in the material spreads uniformly throughout the material or that the moisture is biased to highly hygroscopic sites. It is more preferable because it can increase the moisture that can be retained in the entire material composed of the porous sheet h12, the porous sheet i13, and the reverse osmosis membrane 14 and improve the moisture permeability.

  The superabsorbent polymer mediates the movement of water between the porous sheet h12 and the porous sheet i13 by sandwiching the sheet having the superabsorbent polymer between the porous sheet h12 and the porous sheet i13. Thus, the unevenness of the planar amount of water when processed into an element is alleviated to promote moisture release from the dried portion, and the entire material composed of the porous sheet h12, the porous sheet i13, and the reverse osmosis membrane 14 It is more preferable because it can increase the water content that can be retained and improve the moisture permeability.

(Embodiment 7)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in a cross-sectional view in FIG. 7, the substrate includes an ultrafiltration membrane 10 having a pore size of 200 nanometers or less and 2 nanometers or more, and a hygroscopic agent includes a hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more. The ultrafiltration membrane 10 is provided with a thin film d15 having a hygroscopic agent on one surface thereof, the thin film f16 having a hygroscopic agent is provided on the opposite surface of the ultrafiltration membrane 10, and the thin film f16 has a higher hygroscopicity than the thin film d15. And

  With this configuration, the movement of the hygroscopic polymer is restricted by the ultrafiltration membrane 10, so that the difference in hygroscopicity between the thin film d15 and the thin film f16 can be maintained even after the movement of moisture.

  Therefore, first, water is absorbed in the thin film d15 and becomes wet. The absorbed water is diffused and evaporated into the ultrafiltration membrane 10 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion and capillary transport. Therefore, by collecting water once in the thin film d15 and increasing the relative humidity inside the thin film d15, the thin film f16 has a hygroscopic property, has a low water vapor partial pressure, and has a low water mobility. Water vapor diffusion from the thin film d15 through the ultrafiltration membrane 10 to the thin film f16 and liquid water transportation by surface diffusion and capillary transportation can be promoted. And by collecting water inside the thin film f16, the relative humidity is increased and the interface between water and air is widened, so that the evaporation amount of water from the thin film f16 can be increased. The moisture permeation performance from the thin film d15 to the thin film f16 can be improved.

  Since the ultrafiltration membrane 10 in the present embodiment also plays a role of giving the strength of the material as a total heat exchange element material, the above-described polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, ceramics, etc. Among these materials, those having strong strength such as polysulfone and ceramics, or those having a film thickness to such an extent that water permeability is not hindered are suitable.

  In the embodiment, the ultrafiltration membrane 10 is provided. However, as long as the membrane has equal or higher fractionation performance and strength, there is no difference in the function and effect. For example, the pore diameter is 1 to 2 nanometers. Front and rear nanofilter membranes are also suitable.

(Embodiment 8)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, the substrate is provided with a reverse osmosis membrane 14 having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or less, the hygroscopic agent is provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer. A thin film g17 having a hygroscopic agent is provided on one surface of the osmotic membrane 14, and a thin film h18 having a hygroscopic agent is provided on the reverse surface of the reverse osmosis membrane 14, so that the thin film h18 has higher hygroscopicity than the thin film g17.

  With this configuration, the movement of the hygroscopic polymer is restricted by the reverse osmosis membrane 14, so that the difference in hygroscopicity between the thin film g17 and the thin film h18 can be maintained even after the movement of moisture.

  Therefore, first, water is absorbed in the thin film g17 to be in a wet state. The absorbed water is diffused and evaporated into the reverse osmosis membrane 14 by water vapor diffusion, surface diffusion and capillary transport. Therefore, by collecting water once in the thin film g17 and increasing the relative humidity inside the thin film g17, the thin film h18 has hygroscopicity, low water vapor partial pressure, and low water mobility. The water vapor diffusion from the thin film g17 through the reverse osmosis membrane 14 to the thin film h18 and the transport of liquid water by surface diffusion and capillary transport can be promoted. And by collecting water inside the thin film h18, increasing the relative humidity and widening the interface between water and air, the amount of water evaporation from the thin film h18 can be increased, along with the promotion of water transport, The moisture permeation performance from the thin film g17 toward the thin film h18 can be improved.

  The reverse osmosis membrane 14 in the present embodiment also plays a role of giving the strength of the material as a material for the total heat exchange element, so among the materials such as cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, etc. In addition, a salt-inhibiting property such as polysulfone, which is somewhat low but strong, is superposed on aromatic polyamide or cellulose acetate to give strength.

  Although the reverse osmosis membrane 14 is provided in the embodiment, if the membrane has a fractionation performance and strength equal to or higher than those, there is no difference in the function and effect, for example, non-porous water permeability that does not pass ions. A membrane is also suitable.

(Embodiment 9)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. As shown in the exploded bird's-eye view in FIG. 9, the heat exchanger element is provided with the total heat exchanger element material shown in the first embodiment as a heat transfer plate, and the heat transfer plates have a high moisture absorption property between the first surfaces 19. The heat transfer plates are alternately stacked in a plurality of layers so that the second surfaces 20 having low properties face each other, and the heat transfer plates are configured by the first surface 19 having high hygroscopicity alternately passing between the layers. In addition, the second flow path 22 including the first flow path 21 and the second surface 20 having low hygroscopicity is provided. With this configuration, it is possible to form two types of flow paths having different hygroscopic properties of the heat transfer plate in the total heat exchange element, and as transport of water in the material from the second flow path 22 to the first flow path 21. Since both the transport by water vapor diffusion and the transport by liquid water diffusion can be promoted, the latent heat exchange performance of the heat exchange element can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, the heat transfer plate shown in the first embodiment is provided. However, any heat exchanger element material shown in the first to eighth embodiments may be used.

  In this embodiment, the cross flow type element is exemplified, but it is a stationary type element such as a counter flow type or a parallel flow type, and is a total heat exchange element that exchanges sensible heat and latent heat by air-to-air. Any one can be used.

(Embodiment 10)
The same parts as those in any of Embodiments 1 to 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanging ventilator that is horizontally cut. As shown in FIG. 9, the heat exchange type ventilator is constituted by a main body box 27 having an outdoor suction port 23, an indoor suction port 24, an outdoor discharge port 25, and an indoor air supply port 26, and sucks from the outdoor suction port 23. The air is discharged from the indoor air supply port 26, and the air sucked from the indoor intake port 24 is discharged from the outdoor discharge port 25. The main body box 27 includes the heat exchange element 28 shown in the ninth embodiment. Moreover, the 1st ventilation means 29 and the 2nd ventilation means 30 are provided as a ventilation means, for example, a centrifugal blower and an axial flow fan are provided as a ventilation means, the prime mover 31 is provided as a prime mover which drives a ventilation means, and the heat exchange element 28 is provided. As a selection means for selecting a wind path to be connected to, for example, a wind direction adjusting plate 32 composed of a prime mover and a damper plate is provided.

  Further, the main body box 27 is fixed to the air supply passage 33 for supplying the outdoor air to the room by the first air blowing means 29 fixed to the rotation shaft of the prime mover 31 and the rotation shaft of the prime mover 31. In addition, the second air blowing unit 30 is provided with an exhaust passage 34 that allows the exhaust air to exhaust indoor air to the outside.

  The air direction adjusting plate 32 is configured to connect either the first flow path 21 or the second flow path 22 of the heat exchange element 28 to the outdoor suction port 23 and connect the other flow path to the indoor suction port 24. .

  Further, the first humidity detection means 35 is provided in the air supply flow path 33 between the outdoor suction port 23 and the wind direction adjustment plate 32, and the first humidity detection means 35 is provided in the exhaust flow path 34 between the indoor suction port 24 and the wind direction adjustment plate 32. This is a configuration provided with two humidity detecting means 36.

  With this configuration, the supply flow path 33 or the exhaust flow path 34 can be selected and connected to the first flow path 21 and the second flow path 22 of the heat exchange element 28, respectively. Of the air supply flow path 33 and the exhaust flow path 34, the flow path with low humidity is connected to the first flow path 21 with high hygroscopicity, and the flow path with high humidity is connected to the second flow path 22 with low hygroscopicity. In addition, humidity information is obtained from the first humidity detecting means 35 and the second humidity detecting means 36 to control the wind direction adjusting plate 32. Accordingly, in the latent heat recovery from the high-humidity channel to the low-humidity channel, moisture movement is promoted inside the element from the low hygroscopic second channel 22 to the high hygroscopic first channel 21. Therefore, the latent heat recovery efficiency of the heat exchange ventilator can be improved, and the total heat recovery efficiency can also be improved.

  With the humidity detection means in the present invention, for example, a polymer film humidity sensor that detects a change in dielectric constant accompanying a change in the amount of water contained in the polymer film, or a combination of two temperature sensors using a platinum resistor, One example is a moisture meter that obtains humidity information by measuring the dry bulb and wet bulb temperature by moistening one side with a wig or the like.

  In the embodiment, the first blower unit 29 and the second blower unit 30 are driven by the prime mover 31. However, two prime movers may be provided to drive the blower units.

  In the embodiment, the humidity information is obtained by providing the first humidity detecting unit 35 and the second humidity detecting unit 36. However, for example, when the indoor or outdoor humidity environment is constant, the humidity detecting unit The same effect can be obtained even if the configuration is installed only in the air path on the changing side.

  In the embodiment, the humidity information is obtained by providing the first humidity detecting means 35 and the second humidity detecting means 36, and the wind direction adjusting plate 32 is switched based on the information. However, these humidity detecting means are not provided, for example, The wind direction adjusting plate 32 may be switched by other means such as manual operation.

  The total heat exchange element material according to the present invention and the heat exchange type ventilator using the material can improve the latent heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange type ventilator. It is useful as a static permeation type heat exchange type ventilator that collects a sensible heat and latent heat at the same time.

1 Porous sheet a
2 Thin film a
3 Thin film b
4 Porous sheet b
5 Thin film c
6 Porous sheet c
7 Porous sheet d
8 Porous sheet e
9 Porous sheet f
10 Ultrafiltration membrane 11 Porous sheet g
12 Porous sheet h
13 Porous sheet i
14 Reverse osmosis membrane 15 Thin film d
16 Thin film f
17 Thin film
18 Thin film h
19 1st surface 20 2nd surface 21 1st flow path 22 2nd flow path 23 Outdoor suction port 24 Indoor suction port 25 Outdoor discharge port 26 Indoor supply port 27 Body box 28 Heat exchange element 29 1st ventilation means 30 2nd Blowing means 31 Motor 32 Wind direction adjusting plate 33 Air supply flow path 34 Exhaust flow path 35 First humidity detection means 36 Second humidity detection means

Claims (22)

A planar, moisture-permeable material having a hygroscopic agent, wherein the hygroscopic agent is provided on both surfaces of the material, and one surface of both surfaces of the material is made more hygroscopic than the other surface, and the material A material for a total heat exchange element, wherein the hygroscopic agent is prevented from moving between both surfaces of each other. A base material is provided, a porous sheet is provided as the base material, an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer is provided as a hygroscopic agent, and the hygroscopic material is provided on one surface of the porous sheet. The thin film a which carries an agent, the thin film b which carries the hygroscopic agent on the opposite surface of the porous sheet, and the hygroscopicity of the thin film a and the thin film b are different. The material for a total heat exchange element described in 1. A base material is provided, a porous sheet is provided as the base material, an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer is provided as a hygroscopic agent, and the hygroscopic agent is supported on the porous sheet. 2. The total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, further comprising a thin film supporting the hygroscopic agent on one surface of the porous sheet, wherein the porous sheet and the thin film have different hygroscopic properties. The material is provided with two moisture-permeable base materials (base material a and base material b), and the hygroscopic agent is provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, 2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate b is loaded with the hygroscopic agent, the substrate a and the substrate b have different moisture absorption properties, and the substrate a and the substrate b are bonded together. Material for total heat exchange element. The material is provided with two moisture-permeable base materials (base material a and base material b), the hygroscopic agent is provided with a hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more, and the base material a and the base material b are provided. A hygroscopic agent is immersed or mixed, and the base material a and the base material b have different hygroscopicity, and a porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less is provided between the base material a and the previous base material b. 2. The total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, wherein the total heat exchange element material is sandwiched and bonded together. The material is provided with two moisture-permeable base materials (base material a and base material b), the hygroscopic agent a contained in the base material a is provided with a hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more, The hygroscopic agent b contained in the base material b is provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, and the hygroscopic agent a is immersed or mixed in the base material a. The hygroscopic agent b is supported, and the base material a and the base material b have different hygroscopicity, and a porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less is sandwiched between the base material a and the base material b. The total heat exchange element material according to claim 1, wherein the total heat exchange element material is bonded together. The material is provided with two moisture-permeable base materials (base material a and base material b), and the hygroscopic agent is provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, A porous sheet in which the hygroscopic agent is immersed or mixed in the base material b, the hygroscopicity of the base material a and the base material b is different, and the pore diameter is 2 nanometers or less between the base material a and the base material b. The material for a total heat exchange element according to claim 1, wherein the material is a structure in which the two are sandwiched together. A base material is provided as a material, a porous sheet having a pore size of 2 nanometers or more and 200 nanometers or less is provided as the base material, a hygroscopic agent is provided with a hygroscopic polymer having a molecular size of 2 nanometers or more, The thin film a having the hygroscopic agent is provided on one surface, the thin film b having the hygroscopic agent is provided on the opposite surface of the porous sheet, and the thin film a and the thin film b have different hygroscopic properties. The total heat exchange element material according to claim 1. A material is provided with a base material, and the base material is provided with a porous sheet having a pore diameter of 2 nanometers or less, and a hygroscopic agent is provided with an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, a polyhydric alcohol, or a hygroscopic polymer, The thin film a having the hygroscopic agent is provided on one surface, the thin film b having the hygroscopic agent is provided on the opposite surface of the porous sheet, and the thin film a and the thin film b have different hygroscopic properties. The total heat exchange element material according to claim 1. 9. The total heat exchange element material according to claim 5, wherein a ceramic film is used for the porous sheet. The material for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein a cellulose acetate film is used for the porous sheet. The material for a total heat exchange element according to any one of claims 3, 4, 6, and 7, wherein a cross-linked product obtained by ionically cross-linking a polysaccharide with an ionic cross-linking agent is used on at least one base material. . The material for a total heat exchange element according to claim 3, wherein the hygroscopic property of the porous sheet is higher than the hygroscopic property of the thin film. 8. The structure according to claim 4, comprising a combination of base materials having a higher hygroscopic property of the base material a than the hygroscopic property of the base material b, wherein the base material a is thicker than the base material b. The total heat exchange element material described. The base material is provided with a base material, the base material is composed of molecules mainly composed of cellulose, and the hygroscopic agent has a guanidine salt. The total heat exchange element material described. The total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the material includes a base material, and the base material includes a superabsorbent polymer. 8. The structure according to claim 4, comprising a combination of base materials having a higher hygroscopic property of the base material a than the hygroscopic property of the base material b, wherein the base material a has a highly water-absorbing polymer. Material for total heat exchange element. The total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 4 to 7, comprising a sheet having a superabsorbent polymer between the base material a and the base material b. The total heat exchange element material according to any one of claims 1 to 18 is used for a heat transfer plate, and the surfaces of the heat transfer plate having high hygroscopicity or surfaces having low hygroscopicity face each other. A total heat exchange element, wherein a plurality of layers of heat plates are alternately stacked, and the first flow path and the second flow path are configured so as to alternately pass through each of the stacked layers. A heat exchange type ventilator comprising the total heat exchange element according to claim 19. In a heat exchange type ventilator that takes in outdoor air into the room and discharges the indoor air to the outside, the heat exchange type ventilator includes an air supply passage for ventilating outdoor air and an exhaust passage for ventilating indoor air, which are independent of each other. 21. A configuration comprising switching means for switching the flow path so that the flow path connecting the first flow path and the second flow path can be selected from the supply flow path and the exhaust flow path, respectively. The heat exchange ventilator described. When the indoor air has a higher humidity than the outdoor air, a surface with high hygroscopicity is included in the air supply flow path and a surface with low hygroscopicity is included in the exhaust flow path, so that the indoor air is more than the outdoor air. The configuration according to claim 21, wherein when the humidity is low, the flow path is switched so that a surface with high hygroscopicity is included in the exhaust flow path and a surface with low hygroscopicity is included in the air supply flow path. Heat exchange ventilator.

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