JP2010541371A - 改良ハートレー電圧制御発振器 - Google Patents
改良ハートレー電圧制御発振器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010541371A JP2010541371A JP2010526843A JP2010526843A JP2010541371A JP 2010541371 A JP2010541371 A JP 2010541371A JP 2010526843 A JP2010526843 A JP 2010526843A JP 2010526843 A JP2010526843 A JP 2010526843A JP 2010541371 A JP2010541371 A JP 2010541371A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1228—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1218—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the generator being of the balanced type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
- H03B5/1243—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising voltage variable capacitance diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1296—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the feedback circuit comprising a transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/0002—Types of oscillators
- H03B2200/001—Hartley oscillator
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】図7
Description
‐サイズを小さくした改良ハートレーVCO
‐フィードバックを拡張したハートレーVCO
‐平衡ハートレーVCO
を含む。
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor transistor
相補性金属酸化膜半導体トランジスタ
FET Field Effect Transistor
電界効果トランジスタ
RF Radio Frequency
無線周波
VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
電圧制御発振器
Li=Ls,i+M (電流は同一方向に流れる)
Li=Ls,i−M (電流は反対方向に流れる)
で与えられる。ただし、Ls,iは、孤立した場合の自己インダクタンスである。Mは相互インダクタンスである(この用語のさらなる説明については、付録1を参照)。このように、正の相互インダクタンスは、任意の全インダクタンスに対して必要な自己インダクタンスを小さくする。自己インダクタンスが小さくなればなるほど、インダクタの物理的サイズは小さくなる。
‐サイズを小さくした改良ハートレーVCO
‐正の相互インダクタンスがフィードバックを拡張する。これにより、必要なトランジスタのトランスコンダクタンスが小さくなり、その結果、直流電流または直流電力消費が小さくなる
‐提案VCOは平衡トポロジーの効果を維持する。すなわち、差分出力を有したり、共通モードノイズを閉じ込めたりする
を含む。
[1]H.Jacobssonら,“Low phase noise sub‐1V supply 12 an 18GHz VCO in 90nm CMOS”,2006 Microwave Symposium Digest,573〜576
[2]B.Razavi,“RF microelectronics”,Prentice Hall PTR,206〜233ページ,1998年
[3]E.H.Armstrong,“Some recently developments in the audion receiver”,Proc. IRE vol.3,no 9,215〜247ページ,1915年9月
[4]Y.H.Chuang,S.L.Jang,S.H.Lee,R.H.Yen,J.J.Jhao,“5‐GHz low power current‐reused balanced CMOS differential Armstrong VCOs”,IEEE Microwave and Guided Waves Letters,Vol 17,No.2,129〜141ページ,2007年2月
相互インダクタンス
相互インダクタンスMは、あるインダクタを流れる電流が近くのインダクタに電圧を誘導することができるという考えである。これは、トランスを機能させる機構として重要なものであるが、回路内のコンダクタ間に結合を引き起こす可能性もある。
回路解析では、ドットコンベンションを用いて、2つの構成要素の相互インダクタンスの電圧極性を表す。(本開示の図4〜7を参照)このコンベンションについて良い考え方が2つある。
1.あるドット(どちらかのドット)に流入する電流は、もう片方のドットから「出て来よう」とする。「に」とはドットからインダクタへという意味であり、逆に「から」とはインダクタからドットへという意味である。
2.インダクタの被ドット端末に流入する電流が、もう片方のドットに正の電圧を誘導する。逆に、被ドット端末から流出する電流が、もう片方のドットに負の電圧を誘導する。
Claims (6)
- 2つのインダクタ(Ld、Lg)と、トランジスタ(Q1)と、バラクタ(C)とを備えるハートレー電圧制御発振器(VCO)回路において、
前記2つのインダクタ(Ld、Lg)は、結合インダクタ対として配列され、前記2つのインダクタ(Ld、Lg)間に正の相互インダクタンス(M)を可能にし、前記VCOのサイズを小さくすることを可能にすることを特徴とするハートレー電圧制御発振器(VCO)回路。 - 前記2つのインダクタ(Ld、Lg)は、積層の結合インダクタ対または並列した結合インダクタ対として配列されることで、ハートレーVCOのサイズを小さくすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のハートレーVCO。
- 前記バラクタ(C)は前記トランジスタ(Q1)の第1端末と第2端末(Q11、Q12)との間に配列され、前記インダクタの第1のもの(Ld)が前記トランジスタ(Q1)の第2端末と第3端末(Q12、Q13)との間に配列され、前記インダクタの第2のもの(Lg)が前記第3端末と前記第1端末(Q13、Q11)との間に配列されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のハートレーVCO。
- 前記バラクタ(C)は前記トランジスタ(Q1)の第1端末と第2端末(Q11、Q12)との間に配列され、前記インダクタの第1のもの(Ld)が電圧ソース(VDD)と前記第2端末(Q12)との間に配列され、前記インダクタの第2のもの(Lg)が前記第1端末(Q11)とバイアス電圧ソース(Vg)との間に配列されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のハートレーVCO。
- 前記配列は、2つの結合インダクタ対に配列された4つのインダクタ(Ld1、Lg1、Ld2、Lg2)、2つのバラクタ(C1、C2)と、2つのトランジスタ(Q1、Q2)とを含み、
前記第1バラクタ(C1)は前記第1トランジスタ(Q1)の第1端末と第2端末(Q11、Q12)との間に配列され、
前記第1トランジスタQ1の第3端末(Q13)が接地され、
第1インダクタ(Ld1)が前記第1端末(Q11)と第1バイアス電圧ソース(VDD)との間に配列され、
第2インダクタ(Lg1)が前記第1端末(Q11)と第2バイアス電圧ソース(Vg)の間に配列され、
前記第2バラクタ(C2)は前記第2トランジスタ(Q2)の第1端末と第2端末(Q21、Q22)との間に配列され、
前記第2トランジスタ(Q2)の第3端末(Q23)が接地され、
第3インダクタ(Ld2)が前記第1端末(Q21)と前記第2バイアス電圧ソース(VDD)との間に配列され、
第4インダクタ(Lg2)が前記第2トランジスタ(Q2)の前記第1端末(Q21)と第2バイアス電圧ソース(Vg)との間に配列され、
前記第1インダクタ(Ld1)と前記第4インダクタ(Lg2)とが第1結合インダクタ対として配列され、前記第2インダクタ(Lg2)と前記第3インダクタ(Ld2)とが第2結合インダクタ対として配列され、正の相互インダクタンスMを与えることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のハートレーVCO。 - 前記電圧制御発振器は、シリコンのCMOS、シリコンまたはGaAsのバイポーラ、GaAsのFETのいずれか1つを用いて製造されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電圧制御発振器。
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PCT/SE2007/050674 WO2009041868A1 (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2007-09-25 | An improved hartley voltage controlled oscillator |
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JP2010541371A true JP2010541371A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
JP5069355B2 JP5069355B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
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US (1) | US8169269B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2191565B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5069355B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009041868A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015005985A (ja) * | 2013-06-21 | 2015-01-08 | スンシル ユニバーシティー リサーチ コンソルティウム テクノーパークSoongsil University Research Consortium Techno−Park | 電圧制御発振器 |
JP2015503296A (ja) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-01-29 | インテル コーポレイション | シングルエンドのキャパシタンスが低減された電圧制御発振器 |
JP2015515853A (ja) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-05-28 | グローバル アイオニックス エルエルシー | 電圧ブースタを伴う発振回路 |
JP2015228702A (ja) * | 2015-09-03 | 2015-12-17 | インテル コーポレイション | シングルエンドのキャパシタンスが低減された電圧制御発振器 |
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US8860390B2 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2014-10-14 | Apple Inc. | Switching power supply opposite polarity inductor arrangement |
US8829954B2 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2014-09-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Frequency divider circuit |
US8957739B2 (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-02-17 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Ultra-low voltage-controlled oscillator with trifilar coupling |
EP2790325A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-15 | Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation | Voltage-controlled oscillator circuit and phase-locked loop device comprising the same |
US10014692B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2018-07-03 | Intel Corporation | Apparatuses, methods, and systems with cross-coupling noise reduction |
TWI549421B (zh) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-09-11 | Univ Nat Chi Nan | Voltage controlled oscillator |
US9602051B1 (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2017-03-21 | Cognitive Systems Corp. | Transforming voltage in a voltage controlled oscillator for wireless sensor devices |
US9673755B1 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2017-06-06 | Cognitive Systems Corp. | Controlling a switched capacitor bank in a voltage controlled oscillator for wireless sensor devices |
US10333531B2 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2019-06-25 | National Chung Cheng University | Synchronous oscillation circuit |
EP3588773A1 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-01 | NXP USA, Inc. | Gm-boosted differential voltage-controlled oscillator (vco) |
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CN110266308B (zh) * | 2019-07-08 | 2023-04-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | 一种压控振荡器电路及芯片 |
US11139778B1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-05 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Apparatus, circuits and methods for clock generation |
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US20050046499A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-03 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Low voltage low-phase-noise oscillator |
JP2006237833A (ja) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-09-07 | Advanced Telecommunication Research Institute International | 発振装置 |
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2007
- 2007-09-25 EP EP07835259.8A patent/EP2191565B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-09-25 WO PCT/SE2007/050674 patent/WO2009041868A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-09-25 US US12/679,932 patent/US8169269B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-09-25 JP JP2010526843A patent/JP5069355B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
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US20050046499A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-03 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Low voltage low-phase-noise oscillator |
JP2006237833A (ja) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-09-07 | Advanced Telecommunication Research Institute International | 発振装置 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015503296A (ja) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-01-29 | インテル コーポレイション | シングルエンドのキャパシタンスが低減された電圧制御発振器 |
JP2015515853A (ja) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-05-28 | グローバル アイオニックス エルエルシー | 電圧ブースタを伴う発振回路 |
JP2015005985A (ja) * | 2013-06-21 | 2015-01-08 | スンシル ユニバーシティー リサーチ コンソルティウム テクノーパークSoongsil University Research Consortium Techno−Park | 電圧制御発振器 |
JP2015228702A (ja) * | 2015-09-03 | 2015-12-17 | インテル コーポレイション | シングルエンドのキャパシタンスが低減された電圧制御発振器 |
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US8169269B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 |
JP5069355B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
EP2191565A4 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
EP2191565B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
EP2191565A1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
WO2009041868A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
US20100207695A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
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