JP2010533957A - 内部改質固体酸化物型燃料電池 - Google Patents
内部改質固体酸化物型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本プロセスは、非常に吸熱性であって、典型的には、燃料の外燃または原位置部分酸化(自己熱改質)によって供給される相当な量のエネルギーを消費する。
自己熱改質は、蒸気改質および部分酸化改質反応の両方が同時に生じるプロセスである。発熱性の部分酸化反応によって放出されるエネルギーは、吸熱性の蒸気改質反応を駆動する。
いくらかの残留一酸化炭素(典型的には、1−2%)は、ガス分離膜によって除去可能であって、次いで、水素が、SOFCに燃料を供給するために使用される。
図1は、本教示による、支持スラリーの実施形態の粒径分布を示す。示される特定の実施形態は、約20−25%の固体装填量を有し、エタノール中に分散される微粒子アルミナ、セリア、およびジルコニアを含んだ。粒径分布は、Microtrac Particle Size Analyzerによって分析した。
本教示のSOFCの性能、具体的には、直接プロパン改質能を、参照SOFCとして典型的な3層SOFCと比較した。組成の観点から、3層/参照SOFCと本教示のSOFCとの間の唯一の差異は、触媒層の存在であった。それぞれの例において、一定の燃料流速で、プロパンおよび空気の混合物をSOFCのアノード側に供給した。ガス供給の化学組成は、プロパンの部分酸化に対して最適化された酸素/炭素比によって制御した。具体的には、酸素/炭素比は、約0.58の典型的な比率を伴って、0.5乃至0.85の範囲に維持した。空気をSOFCのカソード側に供給し、十分な酸素を提供した。SOFCは、約10℃/分の速さで、室温から約800℃の動作温度に昇温させた。DC電子負荷装置によって、試験されるSOFCのそれぞれに0.56Vの一定負荷を適用した。質量分析によって、排ガスの組成を監視し、試験されるSOFCのそれぞれの電力密度を測定した。
プロパンの部分酸化が、本教示の内部改質SOFC上において、約250℃程度で開始し得るという観察は、これらのSOFCが、幅広い温度で燃料改質を行なうことが可能であることを示唆する。プロパンで直接動作する本教示のSOFCの実施形態の性能を、0乃至約1Vの負荷によって、約700℃乃至約850℃の種々の温度で調査した。
また、本教示の内部改質SOFCは、種々の負荷条件、例えば、ゼロ負荷乃至全負荷の下で動作可能である。既定組成を有する実施形態を使用して、異なる負荷条件の下で、本教示のSOFCの動作を調査した。
さらなる研究では、本教示のSOFCの性能を、純粋な水素の使用とプロパンの内部的改質との間で比較した。本教示のSOFCが水素または同等量のプロパンで直接動作するか否かにかかわらず類似する電力が発生しており、本教示の内部改質SOFCが、顕著な電力損失を伴わずに、水素またはプロパンで動作可能であることを示唆する。
燃料流速が、本教示の内部改質SOFCの性能にどのように影響し得るかを調査するために、SOFC内に供給されるプロパン/空気混合物の流速を、酸素/炭素の固定した比を維持しながら、徐々に変化させた。これらの研究では、酸素/炭素比は、0.58に一定に維持する一方、プロパンの流速を、1mL/分の間隔で、約9mL/分乃至約4mL/分に変動させた。試験されるSOFCの実施形態(それぞれ、上述の既定組成を有する)は、800℃で動作し、ガスクロマトグラフィを使用して排ガスの組成を監視した。
本教示のSOFCのある実施形態を、その性能を調査するために、プロパンでの長期試験に曝した。触媒層を伴わない参照SOFCとの比較結果を得た。試験されるSOFCの組成は、上述の既定SOFCおよび参照SOFCと同一である。既定動作条件(0.56Vの負荷および800℃の動作温度)を使用した。結果は、図10に提示される。
上記の試験される内部改質SOFCおよび参照SOFCは、その後、昇温酸化(TPO)を使用して、炭素付着のための分析を行なった。電池片を石英管内に配置し、900℃まで加熱した。酸化研究では、酸素ガスを使用し、ヘリウムを搬送ガスとして使用した。結果は、図11に示される。
Claims (20)
- カソードと、
電解質と、
アノードと、
該アノードと接触する触媒層であって、該触媒層は、支持膜に関連する部分酸化改質触媒を備える、触媒層と
を備える、燃料電池。 - 前記部分酸化改質触媒は、Pt、Ni、W、Ru、Au、Pd、Mo、Cu、Sn、Rh、およびVのうちの少なくとも1つを備える、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記部分酸化改質触媒は、PtおよびPdのうちの少なくとも1つを備える、請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記部分酸化改質触媒は、Ruを備える、請求項1−3のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記支持膜は、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化チタン、酸化ランタンストロンチウム、酸化セリウム、酸化モリブデン、および酸化亜鉛から選択される、1つ以上の金属酸化物を備える、請求項1−4のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記アノードは、前記触媒層によって部分的に被覆される、請求項1−5のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記アノードは、前記触媒層によって実質的に被覆される、請求項1−5のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記部分酸化改質触媒は、前記支持膜内に含浸される、請求項1−7のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記触媒層は、約5μm乃至約50μmの厚さを有する、請求項1−8のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記支持膜は、分散剤、可塑剤、および結合剤のうちの少なくとも1つを備える、請求項1−9のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- カソードと、
電解質と、
アノードと、
該アノードと接触する触媒層であって、該触媒層は、支持膜に関連する改質触媒を備え、該支持膜は、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化チタン、酸化ランタンストロンチウム、酸化セリウム、酸化モリブデン、酸化亜鉛、および酸化カルシウムチタンから選択される、1つ以上の金属酸化物を備える、触媒層と
を備える、燃料電池。 - 前記支持膜は、分散剤を備える、請求項11に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池。
- 前記支持膜は、可塑剤を備える、請求項11または12に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池。
- 前記支持膜は、結合剤を備える、請求項11−13のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物型燃料電池。
- 内部改質燃料電池を生成する方法であって、
燃料電池のアノードの少なくとも一部の上に支持スラリーを付着させることであって、該支持スラリーは、支持材料と、溶剤とを備える、ことと、
該支持スラリーを乾燥させて、支持膜を形成することと、
部分酸化改質触媒を該支持膜に関連させることと
を備える、方法。 - 前記支持材料は、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化チタン、酸化ランタンストロンチウム、酸化セリウム、酸化モリブデン、酸化亜鉛、および酸化カルシウムチタンから選択される、1つ以上の金属酸化物を備える、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記部分酸化改質触媒は、Pt、Ni、W、Ru、Au、Pd、Mo、Cu、Sn、Rh、およびVのうちの少なくとも1つを備える、請求項15または16に記載の方法。
- 前記付着させることは、スリップコーティング、浸漬コーティング、またはスピンコーティングによって実行される、請求項15−17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、約800℃乃至約1200℃の温度で前記燃料電池を焼成して、前記支持膜を形成することを備える、請求項15−18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 部分酸化改質触媒を前記支持膜に関連させることは、溶剤中に部分酸化改質触媒を備える触媒組成を該支持膜上に付着させることと、約800℃乃至約1200℃の温度で前記燃料電池を焼成して、該支持膜を該部分酸化改質触媒に関連させることとを備える、請求項15−19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/880,105 | 2007-07-19 | ||
| US11/880,105 US8435683B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2007-07-19 | Internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells |
| PCT/US2008/008776 WO2009014645A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 | 2008-07-18 | Internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010533957A true JP2010533957A (ja) | 2010-10-28 |
| JP2010533957A5 JP2010533957A5 (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
| JP5396386B2 JP5396386B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US8435683B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2208250B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5396386B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101576627B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101803097B (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2008279690B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0814268A2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2694019C (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2010000759A (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2518061C2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009014645A1 (ja) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014027442A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-02-20 | 株式会社リケン | 固体酸化物型燃料電池の支持体を兼ねる燃料極および燃料極支持型の固体酸化物型燃料電池 |
| JP2015076210A (ja) * | 2013-10-07 | 2015-04-20 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 電極、並びに、固体酸化物形燃料電池及び電解装置 |
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| MX2010000759A (es) | 2010-04-27 |
| KR20100057619A (ko) | 2010-05-31 |
| CN101803097A (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
| CA2694019A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| AU2008279690B2 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
| CA2694019C (en) | 2015-10-06 |
| JP5396386B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
| EP2208250A1 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
| EP2208250B1 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
| US20090023050A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| RU2518061C2 (ru) | 2014-06-10 |
| AU2008279690A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| KR101576627B1 (ko) | 2015-12-14 |
| CN101803097B (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
| US8435683B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 |
| WO2009014645A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| RU2010106177A (ru) | 2011-08-27 |
| BRPI0814268A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 |
| EP2208250A4 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
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