JP2010253635A - Lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lathe characterized by the guide structure of a lower cutter rest disposed immediately below a spindle axis, which has the tool rest disposed below the spindle axis, lower parts of headstocks, and their guide structure all in compact form. <P>SOLUTION: The horizontal spindle axis is located above the near side with respect to the front edge of a bed. The bed has a substantially vertical front surface, and Z-axis guides of the lower cutter rest are disposed at upper and lower parts of the front surface. An X-axis guide of the lower cutter rest is disposed on the front surface of a Z-axis moving block which moves right and left with the rear side being guided by the Z-axis guides, and the cutter rest is mounted with its rear side freely moved and positioned along the X-axis guide. The cutter rest is equipped with a tool turret on its opposite headstock side. The headstock is installed either integrally with or fixedly on the proximal side of an overhang portion of a headstock base having the overhang portion which extends on the side of the upper cutter rest at a position higher than the upper cutter rest. When the cutter rest moves to an moving end on the headstock side, the cutter rest is stored below the headstock. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a lathe structure that is particularly suitable for a composite lathe provided with a tool post above and below a spindle axis, and is characterized by a fixed structure of the spindle base and a guide structure of a lower tool rest arranged immediately below the spindle axis. It is about a lathe.

  A lathe is a machine tool that cuts a workpiece gripped by a spindle with a tool that is moved and positioned in the Z-axis direction that is the axial direction of the spindle and the X-axis direction that is a cutting direction with respect to the spindle. In general, the spindle is horizontally supported by a headstock fixed to a bed and is located on the left side of the machine as viewed from the operator. The tool is arranged on the front side (operator side) or lower side on the front side of the spindle axis. Is attached to the tool turret of the tool post. In a two-spindle facing lathe equipped with two or more tool rests, the moving spindle that is moved and positioned along the spindle axis is located on the right side of the machine, and the tool rest is located on the lower side on the near side and the upper side on the far side across the spindle axis. Is done.

  A compound lathe equipped with a relatively large rotating tool such as a milling machine that can machine a flat surface or a large-diameter hole on the outer periphery of the workpiece. The upper turret placed above the spindle axis is the Z-axis and X-axis. Can be moved and positioned in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the Y-axis, and can be rotated and positioned around the Y-axis. A tool axis on which the rotary tool can be attached and detached is mounted on the upper tool post, and the tool axis is mounted on the left and right sides of the main shaft. A tool magazine of tools is arranged (see Patent Document 1).

  When it is desired to realize further heavy machining with the rotary tool mounted on the upper tool post, the tool axis is arranged downward directly above the workpiece, and thus the spindle axis, like a machining center. In Patent Document 2, when viewed from the operator, the left-right direction is the Z-axis direction, the up-down direction is the X-axis direction, the front-rear direction is the Y-axis direction, and the tool axis is located immediately above the spindle axis, and is located immediately below the spindle axis. A tool turret, and the tool axis is mounted on an upper tool post that can be moved and positioned in the Z-axis, X-axis, and Y-axis directions and can be swivel-positioned about the Y-axis (B-axis). A two-spindle opposed composite lathe has been proposed that is mounted on a lower tool post that can be moved and positioned in the X-axis direction.

  In the two-spindle opposed composite lathe described in Patent Document 2, left and right headstocks and a lower tool rest are mounted on the front upper surface of the bed, and a Z-frame for the upper tool rest is attached to a frame-like column fixed to the back upper surface of the bed. An axis moving table (upper Z-axis moving table) is mounted, and an X-axis moving table (upper X-axis moving table) for the upper tool rest is mounted on the front surface of the upper Z-axis moving table. An upper tool post is mounted so that it can be moved and positioned in the Y-axis direction and can be rotated and positioned around the Y-axis. The left headstock is provided with the lower surface fixed to the upper surface of the left end which is one step higher on the bed front side. The lower tool rest and the right headstock are mounted so as to be movable and positionable along a Z-axis guide (lower Z-axis guide) provided on the front upper surface of the bed that is one step lower than the left end.

  The left main spindle is a U-shaped downward as seen from the lower tool post side, and a tunnel portion is formed immediately below the left main spindle. The lower turret has a turret at the right end, and the lower turret on the left side of the turret and the lower Z-axis moving base that supports the turret so as to be movable in the X-axis direction move the turret to the left moving end. , And is accommodated in the tunnel portion immediately below the left main shaft.

JP 2003-205431 A JP 2006-297561 A

  A conventional lathe with a tool axis positioned downward directly above the spindle axis and a tool post equipped with a tool turret directly below the spindle axis has a high support rigidity for the upper tool rest and the upper tool rest is Y Since it can turn around an axis, a large rotating tool can be mounted, and by providing an automatic tool changer, it is possible to process a wide flat surface or an inclined hole. However, these lathes have a large bed, and a lower turret and a right spindle head Z-axis guide (lower Z-axis guide) and its feed screw which are arranged on the upper surface of the bed below the workpiece cutting position. The structure of the cover that protects the chips from falling chips and cutting fluid becomes complicated, and there is a problem that the position of the spindle axis is increased in a large lathe.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems of the conventional structure. The bed structure is simple and small, and the swarf of cutting chips and cutting fluid falling from the machining position is good. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new structure capable of reducing the size of the lower tool rest, the head stock, the lower portion of the head stock base, and the guide structure thereof.

  In the lathe according to the present invention, a lower tool post 41 having a tool turret 4 is disposed immediately below a horizontal main spindle axis a. The bed 11 has a substantially vertical front surface (surface facing the operator side), and the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d of the lower tool rest 41 are arranged above and below the front surface. In the two-spindle facing lathe, a moving spindle base 31 that supports the moving spindle 3 is mounted on the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d so as to be movable and positionable. That is, the lower tool rest 41 and the moving spindle stock 31 are guided by the same Z-axis guides 12u and 12d provided above and below the substantially vertical front surface of the bed. The Z axis is the horizontal direction when viewed from the operator, the X axis is the vertical direction, the Y axis is the front-rear direction, and the operator side is the front.

  The X-axis guide 43 of the lower tool rest 41 is disposed on the front surface of the Z-axis moving base 42 that moves to the left and right while being guided by the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d on the back side (opposite operator side). The rear side is movable and positioned on the X-axis guide 43 and mounted on the Z-axis moving table 42. The lower tool post 41 includes a tool mounting portion (generally a tool turret) 4 on the side opposite to the main spindle (on the moving spindle base 31 side in the case of a two spindle opposed lathe).

  The headstock 21 is a headstock base 22 in which the lower part on the back side is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the front surface of the bed 11 (the same surface as the surface on which the Z-axis guide is mounted) across the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d. Is mounted integrally or fixed on the upper part of the blade in a state of projecting to the front side and the tool post side. Therefore, the spindle axis a is located above the front edge (operator side) of the bed 11. Therefore, by disposing the cutting fluid and chip collection tank 13 in the lower part, it is possible to simplify the structure for preventing the cutting fluid and chip from entering the mechanism portion where the guide and the feed screw are disposed.

  Further, with the above structure, when the lower tool post 41 is moved to the main spindle side moving end, the indexing mechanism portion that supports the indexing shaft of the lower tool post 41, particularly the tool turret 4, is Is stored below. The headstock base 22 is provided with an overhanging portion 28 extending to the lower tool post 41 side at a position higher than the lower tool post of the upper part thereof, and the headstock 21 is integrated with the front side of the overhanging portion 28. Alternatively, by providing it in a fixed manner, it is possible to secure an accommodation space for the lower tool rest 41 below the headstock 21 when the lower tool rest 41 moves to the headstock side moving end.

  In the case of this structure, in order to increase the support rigidity of the headstock 21, it is preferable to provide a support plate portion 26 that connects and fixes the back side of the overhanging portion 28 to the upper end portion of the front surface of the bed 11. Further, in this structure, when the lower tool rest 41 moves to the head stock side moving end, the portion 46 extending to the head stock side of the Z axis moving base 42 can be positioned below the support plate portion 26. Therefore, the guide rigidity of the Z-axis moving table 42 can be increased.

  If the spindle motor 29 for driving the spindle 2 is mounted on the lower part of the front surface of the headstock base 22, maintenance and inspection of the spindle motor 29 can be facilitated.

  If the headstock base 22 of the headstock 21 fixed to the bed 11 is fixed to the front surface of the bed 11 via leg portions 25u and 25d extending to the rear side at the intermediate position between the lower end thereof and the height of the headstock base 22, Between the lower part back surface and the front surface of the bed 11, a space 23 penetrating left and right can be formed. The Z-axis guides 12u and 12d and the feed screw 45 can be provided through the space 23. Further, when the lower tool post 41 is moved to the left moving end, the left and right guides of the lower tool post 41 are guided. An extension 46 provided on the lower Z-axis moving table 42 for increasing the rigidity and a cover for protecting the lower Z-axis guides 12u, 12d and their feed screws 45 from cutting fluid and chips penetrate the space 23 to the left and right. A movable structure can be adopted.

  Further, in the two-spindle opposed lathe, the extension 46 of the Z-axis moving table can be provided on the fixed main table 21 side, and the Z-axis feed screw 45 for the lower tool post and the Z-axis feed for the moving main table 31 are provided. Even if the screw 35 is arranged on the same axis, interference between the lower Z-axis moving table and the moving headstock 31 can be avoided, and a compact device arrangement becomes possible.

  When a tool lathe 5 is provided directly above the spindle axis a to form a composite lathe, the bed 11 is provided with a substantially horizontal upper surface and a substantially vertical front surface, and an upper tool rest 51 on which the tool shaft 5 is mounted, An upper Z-axis moving table 52 guided by upper Z-axis guides 14 and 14 disposed on the front side and the back side of the upper surface of the bed 11, and Y-axis guides 53 and 53 disposed on the upper surface of the upper Z-axis moving table A guided Y-axis moving table 54 and an upper X-axis moving table 57 in which the downward direction guided by the upper X-axis guides 56 and 56 arranged on the vertically long front surface of the Y-axis moving table is the cutting direction of the tool with respect to the workpiece. Are provided on the upper X-axis moving table 57 so as to be turnable around the Y-axis. With this structure, the support rigidity of the upper tool rest 51 for driving a large rotary tool can be increased, and a rational arrangement of a tool magazine and a tool changer can be realized.

  According to the present invention, in a lathe in which the X axis, which is the cutting direction of the tool, is set to the vertical direction and the lower tool post 41 is disposed below the main spindle axis a, the lower tool post 41 moves to the main spindle side (fixed main spindle side) moving end. In this manner, the spindle base 22, the lower tool rest 41, and the Z-axis moving table 42 supporting the lower tool rest are arranged in a compact manner while avoiding mechanical interference between the lower tool rest 41 and the headstock base 22. can do.

  Further, by adopting the structure of the present invention, a guide surface (surface provided with left and right guides 12u and 12d) for guiding the lower tool post 41 in the left and right direction and a guide surface in the up and down direction (guide 43 in the up and down direction, 43) can be formed as a substantially vertical surface at a position on the back side (bed side) from directly below the spindle axis a, and a recovery tank is disposed at a position immediately below the spindle axis a in front of the bed 11. Thus, the cutting fluid and chips from the cutting position can be easily collected, and the cover structure that prevents the cutting fluid and chips from entering the guide surface and the like can be simplified.

Overall perspective view showing an example of a two-spindle opposed composite lathe having the structure of the present invention Right side view of the lathe of FIG. Side view of part A in FIG. Side view of part B in FIG. Overall front view of the lathe of FIG. Perspective view of headstock (fixed headstock) Perspective view of tool post (bottom tool post)

  Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The figure shows a two-spindle opposed composite lathe having the structure of the present invention, two spindles 2 and 3 opposed on the same axis a, a tool axis 5 arranged immediately above the spindle axis, and a position immediately below the spindle axis. And a tool turret 4 arranged. The direction of the spindle axis a is the left-right direction when viewed from the operator, the tool cutting direction of the tool axis 5 and the tool turret 4 is the vertical direction, the direction perpendicular to these is the front-rear direction, the left-right Z axis, and the upper-lower X axis The front and rear are the Y axis and the operator side is the front.

  The left headstock 21 as viewed from the operator is fixed to the bed 11, and the right headstock 31 can be moved and positioned in the left-right direction. The upper tool rest 51 on which the tool shaft 5 is mounted can be moved and positioned in the left and right, up and down and front and rear directions, and can be swiveled and positioned around the front and rear direction axis. Tool magazines 7 and 7 containing tools to be mounted on the tool shaft 5 are disposed above the left and right headstocks 21 and 31 of the tool shaft 5. The lower tool rest 41 on which the tool turret 4 is mounted is located on the left side of the tool turret 4 and can be moved and positioned in the left and right and up and down directions.

  The bed 11 is fixed to or integrated with an upper surface that is gently inclined in a direction in which the front of the base 1 is lowered. The bed 11 is provided with a horizontal upper surface having a substantially rectangular plane and a front edge that is one step higher, and a vertical front surface having a lower edge protruding forward one step. The reason why the upper surface of the base 1 is an inclined surface with a lower front is to guide lubricating oil or the like falling through the bed to a collection tank 13 that is detachably disposed in front of the base 1.

  Right and left guides 12u and 12d are arranged above and below the front surface of the bed 11 over substantially the entire length of the front surface in the left and right direction. Here, the lower guide 12d is disposed at a protruding portion of the lower edge of the bed front surface. Also, a feed screw 45 for moving the lower tool post 41 in the left-right direction to a position approximately between the upper and lower guides 12u, 12d, and a feed screw 35 for moving the right spindle stock 31 in the left-right direction, However, the former is positioned on the left side of the bed front and the latter is positioned on the right side of the bed front, and feed motors 48 and 38 for rotationally driving these are positioned at the left and right ends of the bed front. .

  The left head stock 21 on the left side as viewed from the operator is fixed to the front surface of the bed 11 via the head stock base 22. The headstock base 22 is a part of the headstock, but for convenience of explanation, a portion supporting the left main shaft 2 is referred to as a left main shaft base 21, and the left main shaft base and the bed 11 are provided. A portion interposed between the two will be described as a headstock base 22.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the headstock base 22 has a wide inverted L-shaped block shape in a front view including a rectangular portion extending toward the right headstock 31 on the upper part of a vertically long rectangular shape when viewed from the front. The main spindle is provided, and the left head stock 21 is attached to the front surface of the extending part above the upper part integrally or fixed with a bolt or the like. Legs 25u and 25d extending rearward at the lower edge of the rear surface (rear surface) of the headstock base 22 and an intermediate height are integrally provided, and the upper leg 25u is provided at the left end of the front surface of the bed 11. It is fixed to the bed 11 at a position above the upper guide 12u, and the lower leg portion 25d is fixed to the bed 11 at a position below the lower guide 12d. Below the portion protruding to the right head stock 31 side on the back side of the head stock base 22 (the portion on which the left head stock 21 is mounted), the projecting portion is extended to the right head stock 31 side. A support plate portion 26 for connecting and integrating the upper leg portion 25u is integrally provided. A left main spindle motor 29 that rotates the left main spindle 2 is fixed to the main spindle base 22 and drives the left main spindle 2 to rotate by driving the belt 27.

  The shape of the headstock base 22 is such that when the tool turret 4 moves to the left moving end, the lower tool post 41 located on the left side of the tool turret is below the left headstock 21 and the upper overhanging portion 28 of the headstock base. It is considered that it is located in. That is, when the tool turret 4 is moved to the left moving end, the lower tool rest 41 is vertically moved below the left headstock 21 and the overhanging portion 28 above the headstock base supporting the left headstock. Moved and positioned. The support plate portion 26 creates a dead space between the lower tool rest 41 when the tool turret 4 moves to the left moving end and an X-axis moving base (described later) that supports the lower turret 4 so as to be movable in the vertical direction. This is used to increase the support rigidity of the left main shaft 2 by using it.

  A space 23 penetrating in the left-right direction is formed between the headstock base 22 and the front surface of the bed 11 and between the upper and lower legs 25u, 25d, and Z-axis guides 12u, 12d on the front surface of the bed. And the base end of the left-right feed screw 45 for the tool turret 4 penetrates this space. In addition, a shielding cover (not shown) for protecting the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d and the left and right feed screws 45 from cutting fluid and chips falling from above during the work machining is guided by the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d. The shield cover is fixed to a Z-axis moving table for the lower tool rest, and the shielding cover is also movable left and right through the space 23.

  A lower tool post 41 that supports the tool turret 4 around an indexing axis parallel to the main axis a is substantially rectangular parallelepiped, guided by the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d on the front surface of the bed, and moved and positioned by the left and right feed screws 45. It is guided by X-axis guides 43, 43 provided on the front surface of the Z-axis moving table 42, and is screwed to a vertical feed screw 47 disposed at a substantially intermediate position between these guides, and is moved and positioned in the vertical direction. . A feed motor 49 that rotationally drives the vertical feed screw 47 is fixed to the lower end portion of the Z-axis moving table 42 at a position below the lower tool post 41, and includes an output shaft facing downward and a lower end of the vertical feed screw 47. The vertical feed screw 47 is rotationally driven through a rotation transmission mechanism that connects the two.

  In addition, in the shape of the bed 11, the lower turret 41 (which is also the same for the right headstock described later) is provided with a raised portion at the front edge of the bed upper surface and a portion protruding forward one step at the front lower edge. ) And the moment generated by the processing reaction force can be received in a mechanically more rigid manner.

  The right spindle stock 31 includes a support structure portion 33 that extends downward from the back surface side of the shaft support portion 32 that supports the right spindle 3, and the lower portion on the back surface side of the support structure portion is the same as the lower tool rest 41. It is guided by the shaft guides 12u and 12d, and can be moved and positioned in the left-right direction by being screwed to the feed screw 35 coaxially arranged with the left-right feed screw 45 of the lower tool post 41 and disposed on the right side thereof. That is, the shaft support portion 32 of the right headstock is on the front side at the upper end of the support structure portion 33 whose rear lower portion is guided to the substantially vertical front surface of the bed 11 by the Z-axis guides 12u and 12d and the feed screw 35. It is arranged so as to protrude. A right spindle motor 39 that drives the right spindle 3 is fixed to the front side of the support structure portion 33 of the right spindle base, and rotates the right spindle 3 by driving a belt 37.

  As described above, in the two-spindle opposed composite lathe shown in the figure, the tool head turret 4 is mounted so that the left headstock 21 is fixed to the bed 11 and fixed at a fixed position, and the right headstock 31 can be moved and positioned in the left-right direction. The lower tool post 41 is mounted so as to be movable left and right and up and down, but these are fixed to the substantially vertical front surface of the bed 11 or left and right by guides 12u and 12d fixed to the front surface and a feed screw 35 or 45. It is mounted so that it can be moved and positioned in any direction. Then, a left and right elongated collection is received below the lower tool rest 41 below the workpiece machining position between the left spindle 2 and the right spindle 3 to receive cutting fluid and chips falling from the machining position during workpiece machining. A tank 13 is detachably installed.

  Left and right struts 15 are erected on both sides of the bed 11 in front, and an upper girder 16 is provided to connect the upper ends of the left and right struts. An upper Z-axis guide 14 and an upper left / right feed screw 55 are arranged on the upper portion of the bed 11, and the upper Z-axis moving table 52 is guided by the upper Z-axis guide 14 and screwed to the upper left / right feed screw 55, The feed motor 58 that rotationally drives the upper left / right feed screw 55 is mounted so as to be movable and positioned in the left / right direction. The thing on the near side of the upper Z-axis guide 14 is arranged at a level higher than the bed front edge.

  A Y-axis guide 53 and a front / rear feed screw (not shown) are arranged on the upper Z-axis moving table 52, and a Y-axis moving table 54 having a tall rectangular front as viewed from the front of the machine. A front and rear feed screw guided by a Y-axis guide 53 and driven to rotate by a feed motor 59 is screwed and mounted so as to be movable and positionable in the front-rear direction.

  An upper X-axis guide 56 and an upper vertical feed screw (not shown) are disposed on the front surface of the Y-axis moving table 54, the upper X-axis moving table 57 is guided by the upper X-axis guide 56, and a feed motor It is screwed into an upper vertical feed screw that is rotationally driven at 60, and is mounted so as to be movable in the vertical direction.

  The upper X-axis moving table 57 is provided with a rectangular tube-shaped support tube 61 protruding forward. On the front surface of the support cylinder 61, an upper tool rest 51 is mounted so as to be rotatable around an axis in the front-rear direction. A turning support mechanism and a turning feed motor for the upper tool rest 51 are provided in the support cylinder 61. A tool shaft 5 is pivotally supported on the upper tool rest 51 with its tool grip end directed downward. The rotational drive mechanism of the tool shaft 5 is provided in the upper tool rest 51.

  A support member 71 of the tool magazine is fixed to the front surface of the support column 15 erected on the left and right sides of the bed 11. The support member 71 extends inward in the left-right direction on the front side of the support column 15, extends forward from the inner end thereof, and the tool magazines 7 and 7 and the tool changers 72 and 72 are attached to the extended portion. Has been. The tool magazines 7 and 7 shown in the figure have a disk structure in which a tool is selected by rotating around a horizontal axis, and a tool is placed on the circumference of the outer surface of the support disk 73 (surface on the side opposite to the tool axis). Is provided with a large number of tool holding portions 74 for holding in a horizontal direction. Each tool holding part 74 is provided with the direction change mechanism which orient | assigns the direction of the tool hold | maintained in the position rotated to the lowest end to the downward direction. The tool changers 72 and 72 exchange tools between the tool mounted on the downward tool shaft 5 and the tool indexed at the lowermost end of the tool magazines 7 and 7.

2 fixed spindle 3 moving spindle 4 tool turret 5 rotating tool axis
11 beds
12u, 12d Z-axis guide
21 Fixed headstock
31 Moving headstock
41 Lower tool post
43 X-axis guide
51 Upper tool post a Spindle axis

Claims (4)

Z-axis guides of the tool post located directly below the spindle axis are arranged above and below the substantially vertical front surface (the surface facing the operator) of the bed,
The X-axis guide of the tool post is disposed on the front surface of the Z-axis moving table that moves while being guided on the back side by the Z-axis guide,
The tool post is provided with a tool mounting part on the side opposite to the headstock,
The headstock is provided integrally or fixed on the front side of the upper part of the headstock base with the lower part on the back side fixed to the upper and lower ends of the front surface of the bed across the Z-axis guide,
A lathe, wherein the tool rest is located below the head rest when the tool rest moves to the head end side moving end. The headstock base is provided with an overhanging portion extending toward the tool post at a position higher than the upper tool post, the headstock is fixed to the front side of the overhanging portion, and the back side of the overhanging portion is connected to the front surface of the bed. Provided with a support plate part connected and fixed to the upper end part,
2. The composite lathe according to claim 1, wherein when the tool post moves to the head end side moving end, a portion of the Z axis moving stand on the side of the head stand is located below the support plate portion.   The composite lathe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a spindle motor is mounted on a lower front portion of the spindle base.   A moving main shaft is provided opposite to the main shaft supported by the main shaft, and the moving main shaft is supported by a portion projecting toward the operator from the upper portion of the moving main table guided by the lower portion of the back surface by the Z-axis guide. The composite lathe according to claim 1, 2 or 3.

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