JP2009291848A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool suppressing upsizing of an entire machine when an automatic apparatus such as a tool exchanger is added. <P>SOLUTION: The machine tool comprises: a first column 11 standing on one of lateral sides of a bed 10 in a front view (a) of the machine; a saddle 3 provided on the first column 11 to be movable in a fore-and-aft direction (Y-axis direction) in the front view (a); a spindle head 4 provided to be movable in a vertical direction (Z-axis direction) on a lateral inner side face in the front view (a) of the saddle 3 for rotatably supporting a main spindle 8; a tool magazine 30 provided above the other lateral side of the bed 10 in a position facing the saddle 3; and a tool exchanging mechanism 31 for exchanging a tool T between the tool magazine 30 and the main spindle 8. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool that performs predetermined cutting by moving a tool mounted on a main shaft relative to a workpiece in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.

As this type of machine tool, for example, in Patent Document 1, as viewed from the front of the machine, columns are erected so as to surround the left, right and back portions of the bed in a U shape, and the left and right sides of the column A structure is proposed in which a saddle is installed on a wall so as to be movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, a spindle head is arranged on the saddle so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a machining table is arranged in the column. ing.
JP 2006-326740 A

  By the way, in the machine tool as described above, an automatic device such as a tool change device, a work change device, or a work reversing device is generally added in order to increase productivity. However, in the conventional machine tool, the column is erected so as to surround the left, right and back portions of the bed. For this reason, in order to add an automatic device such as a tool changer and a workpiece changer, the tool and the workpiece are exchanged through an opening formed in the column and placed outside the column. The whole is easy to enlarge.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of suppressing an increase in the size of the entire machine when an automatic device such as a tool changer is added.

  The invention of claim 1 includes a bed, a first column erected on one side of the bed in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) when viewed from the front of the machine, and a front-rear direction when viewed from the front on the first column. A saddle arranged to be movable in the (Y-axis direction), and arranged to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) on the inner side surface in the X-axis direction when viewed from the front of the saddle, so that the main shaft can freely rotate. A spindle is supported on the head, a tool magazine disposed on the other side in the X-axis direction of the bed and at a position facing the saddle, and a tool is exchanged between the tool magazine and the spindle. A machine tool characterized by comprising a tool changing mechanism.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the machine tool according to the first aspect, the second column is erected on the back side of the bed as viewed from the front of the machine, and the X axis is viewed from the front of the second column. And a table supported so as to be capable of rotating around the axis parallel to the Y-axis extending in the front-rear direction (B-axis rotation).

  A third aspect of the present invention is the machine tool according to the second aspect, further comprising a work reversing mechanism disposed so as to be positioned on the X axis direction movement line of the table.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the machine tool according to the second aspect, the work magazine is disposed so as to be positioned on the X-axis direction movement line of the table, and the work is exchanged between the work magazine and the table. And a workpiece exchanging mechanism.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the machine tool according to the fourth aspect, the first column includes an opening that communicates the table side and the work magazine side, and at least the work replacement mechanism is provided in the opening. It is characterized in that a part is arranged.

  The invention according to claim 6 is a bed, a second column erected on the back side of the bed when viewed from the front of the machine, and movable in the left and right direction (X-axis direction) when viewed from the front of the second column. And a table supported so as to be capable of rotating around the axis parallel to the Y axis extending in the front-rear direction (B axis rotation), and a work reversing mechanism disposed so as to be positioned on the X axis direction movement line of the table It is characterized by having.

  The invention according to claim 7 is a bed, a second column erected on the back side of the bed when viewed from the front of the machine, and movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) when viewed from the front of the second column. And a table supported so as to be capable of rotating around the axis parallel to the Y axis extending in the front-rear direction (B axis rotation), and a work magazine disposed so as to be positioned on the X axis direction movement line of the table, A work exchanging mechanism for exchanging works between the work magazine and the table is provided.

  In the machine tool according to the first aspect of the present invention, as seen from the front of the machine, a saddle is disposed on a first column erected on one side of the bed in the X-axis direction so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. Since the other side of the direction is an internal space without a column, a tool magazine can be placed at a position facing the saddle in the internal space, and the tool can be exchanged between the tool magazine and the spindle head of the saddle. The mechanism can be arranged, and as a result, the entire machine can be made compact compared to a conventional machine tool in which a tool magazine or the like must be arranged outside the machine.

  In the invention of claim 2, since the table is arranged in the second column standing on the back side of the bed so as to be movable in the X-axis direction and to be able to rotate the B-axis, the movement amount of the table in the left-right direction is increased. The machining area in the X-axis direction can be expanded while making the entire machine compact.

  In the invention of claim 3, since the work reversing mechanism is disposed on the X-axis direction movement line of the table, the work reversing mechanism between the table and the work reversing mechanism using the X-axis movement and B-axis rotation of the table. The delivery can be performed directly, and machining of the bottom surface of the workpiece can be realized without providing a new workpiece delivery mechanism.

  In the invention of claim 4, since the work magazine is arranged on the movement line in the X-axis direction of the table and the work exchange mechanism is arranged between the work magazine and the table, the X-axis movement and B-axis rotation of the table are utilized. Thus, the workpiece can be directly transferred between the table and the workpiece exchange mechanism, and a new workpiece transfer mechanism can be dispensed with.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since an opening for communicating the table side and the work magazine side is formed in the first column, and the work changing mechanism is disposed in the opening, the work in the case where the work is changed on the first column side. It is easy to secure an arrangement space for the exchange mechanism.

  In the invention of claim 6, the table is arranged on the second column standing on the back side of the bed so as to be movable in the X-axis direction and rotatable around the B-axis, and on the X-axis direction movement line of the table. Since the work reversing mechanism is provided, it is possible to directly transfer the work between the table and the work reversing mechanism using the X-axis movement and B-axis rotation of the table. This can be dispensed with and the overall machine can be made compact.

  In the invention of claim 7, the table is arranged on the second column standing on the back side of the bed so as to be movable in the X-axis direction and rotatable around the B-axis, and on the X-axis direction movement line of the table. Since the work magazine and work exchange mechanism are installed, it is possible to directly transfer work between the table and work exchange mechanism using the X-axis movement and B-axis rotation of the table. A delivery mechanism can be dispensed with and the entire machine can be made compact.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 to 6 are views for explaining a machine tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 1 to 3 are perspective views of a vertical machining center, and FIG. 4 is a side view of the vertical machining center. 5 is a perspective view of the frame of the vertical machining center, and FIG. 6 is a view showing the operation of the work reversing mechanism.

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a vertical machining center (machine tool). The frame 2 of the machining center 1 includes a bed 10 having a rectangular shape in plan view, a first column 11 erected on the right side (one side) in the left-right direction of the bed 10 when viewed from the front a of the machine, and the bed 10, and a second column 12 that is connected to the first column 11.

  In addition, the machining center 1 is vertically mounted on a saddle 3 movably disposed in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction) on the first column 11 and the inner side surface 3a in the left-right direction of the saddle 3 when viewed from the machine front a. The spindle head 4 is disposed so as to be movable in the direction (Z-axis direction), and the tool changer 6 is disposed above the left side (the other side) of the bed 10 in the left-right direction.

  Further, the machining center 1 can move in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the second column 12 when viewed from the machine front a, and can rotate around the axis parallel to the Y-axis (B-axis rotation). A supported table 5 and a work reversing mechanism 7 arranged so as to be positioned on the X-axis direction movement line of the table 5 are provided.

  A spindle 8 is mounted on the spindle head 4 so as to be rotatable with its axis line oriented in the vertical direction, and is rotated by a built-in motor (not shown). A tool T is detachably attached to the lower end portion of the main shaft 8. The bed 10 is formed with a discharge hole 10a for collecting chips and cutting oil and carrying them out of the machine.

  The first column 11 has an L shape having a prism portion 11a extending upward from a right end corner portion on the front side of the bed 10 and a beam portion 11b extending from the upper end portion of the prism portion 11a to the back side. The rear end of the beam portion 11 b is coupled to the upper surface of the second column 12. Since the first column 11 is L-shaped, a first opening 11c is formed on the right side of the bed 10 to communicate the inside of the machine with the outside of the machine.

  A pair of Y-axis guide rails 14, 14 that support the saddle 3 movably in the Y-axis direction are disposed on the upper surface of the beam portion 11 b of the first column 11. A Y-axis feed mechanism 15 that reciprocates the saddle 3 is attached to a portion of the beam portion 11b between the Y-axis guide rails 14 and 14.

  The saddle 3 has a substantially triangular shape when viewed from the front surface a of the machine, and a pair of Z-axis guide rails 16 for supporting the spindle head 4 movably in the Z-axis direction are provided on the inner side surface 3a of the saddle 3. 16 are attached. A recess 3b is formed in the inner side surface 3a of the saddle 3, and a Z-axis feed mechanism 17 for reciprocatingly driving the spindle head 4 is attached in the recess 3b.

  The second column 12 has a rectangular block shape and includes a second opening 12c for supporting the table 5 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. The table 5 is movable in the X-axis direction by the second column 12 and is supported in a cantilever state, and is configured in detail as follows.

  The table 5 has a substantially cylindrical shape, a table main body 5a arranged to be positioned above the bed 10, a cantilever arm portion 5b arranged to be located in the second opening 12c, It has a flange 5c formed at the boundary between the cantilever arm 5b and the table body 5a (see FIG. 4).

  A flat work placement surface 5d is formed on the table body 5a, and a chuck 20 for detachably gripping the work W is attached to the work placement surface 5d.

  A pair of upper and lower X-axis guide rails 18 and 18 are attached to the front surface 12a of the second column 12 to support the table 5 movably in the X-axis direction. Further, in the second opening 12 c of the second column 12, a pair of lower and upper X-axis feed mechanisms 19, 19 are attached to reciprocate the table 5. As a result, the table 5 is cantilevered by the second column 12 via the X-axis guide rails 18 and 18. Reference numeral 21 denotes a shutter that shields between the second column 12 and the table 5.

  The workpiece reversing mechanism 7 includes a base portion 24 attached to a frame member 23 erected on the left side surface of the bed 10, a slide member 25 supported by the base portion 24 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, A pair of upper and lower upper and lower work receiving portions 26 and 27 attached to the slide member 25 are provided.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the upper and lower work receiving parts 26, 27 have gripping parts 26a, 27a for detachably gripping the work W. The upper and lower gripping portions 26a and 27a are supported so as to be rotatable between a workpiece receiving position (position shown in FIG. 6A) and a workpiece delivery position facing each other (position shown in FIG. 6B). ing. Further, the upper work receiving part 26 descends and receives the work W when the lower work receiving part 27 rotates to the work transfer position.

  The lower work receiving portion 27 is disposed so as to be positioned on the X axis movement line of the table 5 that is the work receiving position, and the slide member 25 is moved so that the upper work receiving portion 26 is positioned on the X axis movement line. I support it as possible.

  The table 5 rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise around the B axis and moves to the left in the X axis direction to deliver the workpiece W to the lower workpiece receiving portion 27 (see FIG. 6A). The upper and lower work receiving portions 26, 27 and the lower gripping portions 26a, 27a rotate 90 degrees downward and upward, respectively, and the upper work receiving portion 26 descends to grip the workpiece W (FIG. 6B). reference). The upper and lower gripping portions 26a and 27a are rotated 90 degrees to their original positions, and the slide member 25 moves the upper work receiving portion 26 so as to be positioned on the X-axis movement line (see FIG. 6C). Subsequently, the table 5 moves in the X-axis direction and grips the processed part of the workpiece W.

  The tool changer 6 is disposed between the tool magazine 30 and the spindle head 4 disposed above the bed 10 in the left-right direction and at a position facing the saddle 3. And a provided tool change mechanism 31.

  The tool magazine 30 is arranged so as to extend in the Y-axis direction, and a conveyance chain 33 that removably holds a large number of tool holding portions 32 to which tools are attached, and a rotation drive of the conveyance chain 33 to perform a next machining tool T1. Has a turning drive section 34 for indexing and positioning at the replacement position.

  The tool changing mechanism 31 includes a mechanism main body 38 attached to the spindle head 4, an exchange arm 39 supported by the mechanism main body 38 so as to be movable up and down in the Z-axis direction, and rotatable, and the exchange arm 39. And a drive unit 40 that drives to rotate up and down.

  When the workpiece machining with the tool T attached to the spindle 8 is completed, the tool magazine 30 turns and positions the next machining tool T1 at the exchange position, and the exchange arm 39 is machined after being attached to the next machining tool T1 and the spindle 8. The tool T is replaced, and the processed tool T is returned to the tool magazine 30.

  According to this embodiment, the saddle 3 is arranged to be movable in the Y-axis direction on the first column 11 erected on the right side in the left-right direction of the bed 10 when viewed from the machine front a. Since the tool magazine 30 is arranged at a position that can be opposed to the saddle 3 on the upper left side, and the tool changing mechanism 31 is arranged between the tool magazine 30 and the spindle head 4, it is formed on the left side of the bed 10 in the left-right direction. The tool magazine 30 and the tool change mechanism 31 can be arranged in the machine space, and the entire machine can be made compact.

  In the present embodiment, the table 5 is disposed in the second column 12 standing on the back side of the bed 10 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction and rotatable about the B-axis. The machining area in the X-axis direction can be expanded while making the entire machine more compact.

  In this embodiment, since the work reversing mechanism 7 is arranged on the X axis direction movement line of the table 5, the table 5 and the work reversing mechanism 7 can be moved using the X axis movement and B axis rotation of the table 5. The workpiece W can be directly transferred between the two, and a new workpiece transfer mechanism can be dispensed with.

  7 and 8 are views for explaining a vertical machining center according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts.

  The vertical machining center 1 of the present embodiment includes a first column 11 erected on the right side in the left-right direction of the bed 10 and a second column 12 erected on the back side when viewed from the machine front a. . Further, a saddle 3 disposed on the first column 11 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction, a spindle head 4 disposed on the saddle 3 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and an upper left side of the bed 10 are disposed. A tool magazine 30 provided, and a tool change mechanism 31 disposed between the tool magazine 30 and the spindle head 4 are provided, and the basic structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, the table 5 is supported by the second column 12 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction and rotatable about the B-axis, and is disposed on the X-axis direction movement line of the table 5. The workpiece exchange device 45 is provided.

  The workpiece changer 45 is disposed in a work magazine 46 disposed on the outside of the first column 11 and in a first opening 11 c of the first column 11 between the work magazine 46 and the table 5. And a workpiece exchange mechanism 47.

  The work magazine 46 is arranged so as to extend in the Y-axis direction, and a transfer chain 49 that detachably holds a large number of work holding portions 48 to which the unprocessed workpieces W1 are mounted, and the unprocessed workpieces W1 are indexed and positioned at an exchange position. A turning drive unit 50 is provided.

  The work exchanging mechanism 47 includes an exchanging arm 51 that is supported by the bed 10 so as to be movable up and down, and a drive unit (not shown) that is disposed in the bed 10 and that drives the exchanging arm 51 up and down. And have.

  On the work placement surface 5d of the table 5, a grip part 52 for detachably gripping the work holding part 48 is disposed.

  When the processing of the workpiece W arranged on the table 5 is finished, the table 5 rotates 180 degrees to direct the processed workpiece W downward and move to the right in the X-axis direction. The work magazine 46 pivots and positions the next unprocessed workpiece W1 to the replacement position, the replacement arm 51 replaces the processed workpiece W and the unprocessed workpiece W1, and returns the processed workpiece W to the workpiece magazine 46.

  According to this embodiment, since the work magazine 46 is arranged on the X-axis direction movement line of the table 5 and the work exchanging mechanism 47 is arranged between the work magazine 46 and the table 5, the X-axis movement of the table 5, Using the B-axis rotation, the processed workpiece W of the table 5 and the unprocessed workpiece W1 of the work magazine 46 can be directly transferred, and a new workpiece transfer mechanism can be dispensed with.

  In the present embodiment, since the workpiece replacement mechanism 47 is disposed in the first opening 11c of the first column 11, it is possible to secure an arrangement space when performing workpiece replacement on the first column 11 side.

1 is a perspective view of a vertical machining center according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the machining center. It is the perspective view seen from the back of the machining center. It is a left view of the said machining center. It is a perspective view of the frame of the machining center. It is a figure which shows operation | movement of the workpiece | work reversing mechanism of the said machining center. It is a perspective view of a vertical machining center according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the workpiece | work exchange apparatus of the said machining center.

Explanation of symbols

1 Vertical machining center (machine tool)
3 Saddle 4 Spindle head 5 Table 7 Work reversing mechanism 8 Spindle 10 Bed 11 First column 11c First opening 12 Second column 12c Second opening 30 Tool magazine 31 Tool change mechanism 46 Work magazine 47 Work change mechanism a Machine front T T1 Tool W, W1 Workpiece

Claims (7)

Bed and
A first column erected on one side of the bed in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) as viewed from the front of the machine;
A saddle disposed on the first column so as to be movable in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction) when viewed from the front;
A spindle head that is arranged to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) on the inner surface in the X-axis direction when viewed from the front surface of the saddle, and rotatably supports the spindle;
A tool magazine disposed above the other side of the bed in the X-axis direction and at a position facing the saddle;
A machine tool comprising a tool change mechanism for changing a tool between the tool magazine and the spindle. The machine tool according to claim 1,
A second column erected on the back side of the bed as viewed from the front of the machine;
And a table supported by the second column so as to be movable in the X-axis direction when viewed from the front and capable of rotating around the axis parallel to the Y-axis extending in the front-rear direction (B-axis rotation). A machine tool characterized by that. The machine tool according to claim 2,
A machine tool, further comprising a workpiece reversing mechanism arranged so as to be positioned on a movement line in the X-axis direction of the table. The machine tool according to claim 2,
A work magazine arranged so as to be positioned on the X axis direction movement line of the table;
A machine tool, further comprising a workpiece exchange mechanism for exchanging workpieces between the workpiece magazine and the table. The machine tool according to claim 4,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the first column includes an opening for communicating the table side and the work magazine side, and at least a part of the work exchange mechanism is disposed in the opening. Bed and
A second column erected on the back side of the bed as viewed from the front of the machine;
A table supported by the second column so as to be movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) when viewed from the front and capable of rotating around the axis parallel to the Y-axis extending in the front-rear direction (B-axis rotation);
A machine tool comprising: a work reversing mechanism disposed so as to be positioned on a movement line in the X-axis direction of the table. Bed and
A second column erected on the back side of the bed as viewed from the front of the machine;
A table supported by the second column so as to be movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) when viewed from the front and capable of rotating around the axis parallel to the Y-axis extending in the front-rear direction (B-axis rotation);
A machine tool comprising: a work magazine disposed so as to be positioned on a movement line in the X-axis direction of the table; and a work exchange mechanism for exchanging a work between the work magazine and the table.

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