JP2010248834A - Wall structure of building, and building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wall structure of a building and a building having excellent heat insulating performance, humidity control performance, smell-permeation performance, and fireproof performance. <P>SOLUTION: The wall structure 2 includes: an interior finishing material 20 facing an interior space S and having moisture permeability, smell permeability and fire resistance; a heat insulating material 22 arranged outside the interior finishing material 20 by via a sealed air layer 26; a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 27 arranged outside the heat insulating material 22; a ventilation layer 29 arranged outside the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 27 and capable of allowing air from the outside to pass; and an exterior wall material 21 arranged outside the ventilation layer 29. The heat insulating material 22 is formed of a xonotlite-based calcium silicate board having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05-0.3. A roof structure 3 and a floor structure 4 is provided with heat insulating materials 35, 42 formed of the xonotlite-based calcium silicate boards having the bulk specific gravity of 0.05-0.3. Ventilation layers 39, 46 through which air from the outside can pass are arranged outside the heat insulating materials 35, 42. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure of a building wall and a building having the structure of the wall, and in particular, the present invention relates to a structure of a building wall provided with a heat insulating material inside and a building having the structure of the wall.

  In buildings such as wooden houses and steel-framed houses, high airtightness and high thermal insulation have been promoted for energy saving, and it has been conventionally practiced to provide thermal insulation on the walls of buildings (for example, (See Patent Documents 1 to 4).

  As shown in FIG. 9, the structure of the building wall described in Patent Document 1 includes calcium silicate between an interior material 100 having humidity control properties facing an indoor space and an external wall material 101 provided outdoors. A heat insulating material 102 made of a plate is provided on the outside of the pillar 107 (outer insulation). Between the interior material 100 and the heat insulating material 102, an internal ventilation layer 104 is provided that communicates with the outside of the building using the inner trunk edge 103 as a spacer. Further, between the heat insulating material 102 and the outer wall material 101, an external ventilation layer 106 that communicates with the outside of the building is disposed with the outer trunk edge 108 as a spacer via a waterproof sheet 105 such as asphalt roofing.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 10, the structure of the building wall described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 refers to moisture permeability and odor permeability ("property that transmits odor" facing the indoor space). .) Is provided between the interior material 110 having the outer wall material 111 and the outer wall material 111 disposed outside the room by filling heat insulation. An internal ventilation layer 113 is disposed between the interior material 110 and the heat insulating material 112, and an external ventilation layer 114 is disposed between the heat insulating material 112 and the outer wall material 111.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 11, the structure of the wall of the building described in Patent Document 4 includes an interior material (interior base material) 120 having moisture permeability facing an indoor space, and an outer wall material 121 provided outside the room. Between them, a heat insulating material 122 having moisture permeability is provided by filling heat insulation. Between the heat insulating material 122 and the outer wall material 121, a ventilation layer 124 is disposed with a trunk edge 125 as a spacer via a moisture-permeable exterior base material 123. A cloth 126 is disposed on the surface of the interior base material 120.

  In the building wall structures described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, moisture and odor contained in room air are transmitted to the interior ventilation layers 104 and 113 through the interior materials 100 and 110. The moisture and odor are discharged to the outside of the building by the air from the outside that has flowed into the internal ventilation layers 104 and 113.

  Further, in the structure of the building wall described in Patent Document 4 described above, moisture contained in the indoor air passes through the interior base material 120, the heat insulating material 122, and the exterior base material 123 and is led to the ventilation layer 124. It is discharged to the outside of the building by air from outside that has flowed into the ventilation layer 124. As described above, a comfortable indoor space is provided by allowing moisture in the indoor space to be discharged to the outside of the room.

JP 2002-371645 A JP 2006-207126 A JP 2008-7999 A Japanese Patent No. 4022363

  However, in the building wall structure described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 above, since the internal ventilation layers 104 and 113 communicating with the outside of the building are provided on the indoor side of the heat insulating materials 102 and 112, the heat insulating material 102 is provided. , 112 is directly affected by the outdoor air, resulting in a problem that sufficient heat insulation performance cannot be exhibited. In particular, when hot air in summer and cold air in winter enter the internal ventilation layers 104 and 113, it becomes extremely difficult to exhibit effective heat insulation performance.

  Moreover, in the structure of the building wall described in Patent Literature 4, moisture in the indoor space can be discharged, but humidity in the indoor space cannot be realized. Moreover, since the heat insulating properties of the heat insulating material and the exterior base material are low, there is a problem that sufficient heat insulating performance cannot be expected.

  Furthermore, since the structure of the wall of the building described in Patent Documents 2 to 4 is a filled heat insulating structure, the pillars 115 and 127 become thermal bridges, heat transfer occurs, and the heat insulating performance is likely to deteriorate, and the pillars themselves are also included. There is a problem that it tends to deteriorate due to the influence of outdoor air outside.

  The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and has a heat insulation performance, humidity control performance, odor transmission performance, and a building wall structure excellent in fire resistance performance and a building equipped with this wall structure. The purpose is to provide.

  The structure of a building wall according to the present invention is a structure of a building wall provided with a heat insulating material inside, and is an interior material having moisture permeability, odor permeability and fire resistance facing the indoor space, and facing the outdoor space. A zonotolite-based calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3. Consists of. An air layer in which communication with the outdoor space and the indoor space is blocked is provided between the interior material and the heat insulating material. A sheet material having moisture permeability, odor permeability, and waterproofness is arranged on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material, and air from the outdoor space can be communicated with the outdoor space on the outdoor side of the sheet material. A ventilation layer is arranged.

  In the above-described configuration of the present invention, excessive moisture or odor in the indoor space that has passed through the interior material passes through the air layer, then passes through the heat insulating material and the sheet material, and is led to the ventilation layer. Moisture and odor derived to the ventilation layer are exhausted to the outside of the building by the air from the outside circulating in the ventilation layer.

  According to the wall structure of the present invention, excessive moisture and odor in the indoor space permeate the interior material, and as a result, moisture and odor are discharged from the indoor space, thereby reducing the humidity and odor concentration in the indoor space, It can be maintained in a comfortable living space.

  Moreover, since the heat insulating material is composed of a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having excellent heat insulating properties, the heat insulating performance of the wall structure is good. In addition, the air layer placed on the indoor side of the heat insulating material has an effect as a heat insulating layer, so the wall structure improves the heat insulating performance by the synergistic effect of the heat insulating property of the heat insulating material and the heat insulating property of the air layer. To do. Furthermore, since the air layer is a sealed space in which communication with the outdoor is blocked, the heat insulation performance of the wall structure is not deteriorated by the outdoor air, and in addition, the humidity of the indoor space that has passed through the heat insulating material. Since odors and odors are discharged to the outside of the building by the outside air flowing through the ventilation layer, the heat insulation performance is also prevented from being deteriorated by the moisture or the like, so that the wall structure maintains good heat insulation performance.

  Furthermore, since the zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate has excellent heat insulation properties, fire resistance, and humidity control to absorb and release moisture, the heat insulation material can be used indoors via an air layer or interior material. In addition to indirectly contributing to the humidity control of the space, the interior material and the heat insulating material are made of fire-resistant materials, so the structure of the wall is humidity control performance, Also exhibits fire resistance (fire spread prevention effect).

  As the interior material having moisture permeability, odor permeability, and fire resistance, for example, a gypsum board or a calcium silicate plate can be used. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the interior material is bulky. It is composed of a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having a specific gravity of 0.3 to 1.5. In addition to heat insulation, calcium silicate board is excellent in humidity control, so the wall structure has heat insulation performance due to the synergistic effect of heat insulation of the heat insulation material, heat insulation of the interior material and heat insulation of the air layer. Is further improved. In addition, the calcium silicate plate of the interior material stabilizes the humidity of the indoor space by taking in excessive moisture in the indoor space or releasing moisture into the indoor space, so that the indoor space becomes more comfortable living It can be maintained in space. Furthermore, since the calcium silicate board has excellent fire resistance (incombustibility and heat resistance), the fire resistance performance of the wall structure is further improved.

  In addition, the zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate of the interior material preferably has a bulk specific gravity of 0.4 to 0.8, and the zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate of the heat insulating material has a bulk specific gravity of 0.00. More preferably, it is 1-0.25.

  A building according to the present invention has the above-described wall structure and a floor structure and a roof structure provided with a heat insulating material made of a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3. is there. On the outdoor side of the heat insulating material of the floor structure and the roof structure, a ventilation layer that is in communication with the outside and through which air from the outside can flow is disposed.

  In the wall structure according to the present invention, by making the air layer disposed on the indoor side of the heat insulating material a sealed structure, there is no possibility that the heat insulating performance of the wall structure is deteriorated due to the influence of air from the outside. Further, the interior material is made of a material having moisture permeability, odor permeability and fire resistance, and the heat insulating material is excellent in humidity control, odor permeability, heat insulation and fire resistance and has a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3. By using the zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate, the building wall structure can realize excellent heat insulation performance, fire resistance performance, odor transmission performance, and humidity control performance.

  Furthermore, if the interior material is composed of a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 1.5, it is possible to achieve even better humidity control performance.

  In addition, the building having the wall structure of the present invention is provided with a heat insulating material made of a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3 in the floor structure and the roof structure. A comfortable indoor space can be provided throughout the building.

It is an approximate sectional view showing the composition of the building which is one example of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the wall of a building. It is a principal part perspective view of the structure of the wall of a building. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the roof of a building. It is a principal part perspective view of the structure of the roof of a building. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the floor of a building. It is a principal part perspective view of the structure of the floor of a building. It is a simplified diagram of an experimental device. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the wall of the building of a prior art example. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the wall of the building of a prior art example. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the wall of the building of a prior art example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a building 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The building 1 of this embodiment is a building made of wood, for example, and has a pair of wall structures 2 and 2, a roof structure 3, and a floor structure 4 that form the frame. The space surrounded by the interior materials 20 and 20 of the wall structure 2, the ceiling material 30 of the roof structure 3, and the floor material 40 of the floor structure 4 is an indoor space S.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the wall structure 2 includes a heat insulating material 22 between an interior material 20 that forms an indoor space S and an outer wall material 21 that faces an outdoor space T outside the building 1. The heat insulating material 22 is attached to the outer side (outdoor side) of the pillars 23 and the intermediate pillars 24 (outer insulation).

  As the heat insulating material 22, a zonolite-based calcium silicate plate having good fire resistance (incombustibility and heat resistance), heat insulating properties and little deterioration over time is used. In particular, among the calcium silicate plates, those having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3 are preferably used, and those of 0.1 to 0.25 are more preferable. This is because if the bulk specific gravity is larger than 0.3, the heat insulating property tends to be lowered, whereas if the bulk specific gravity is smaller than 0.05, the necessary strength cannot be obtained. The zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate constituting the heat insulating material 22 has not only heat insulation and fire resistance but also good odor permeability and humidity control for absorbing and releasing moisture.

  As a preferable example of the heat insulating material 22, as a lightweight calcium silicate plate shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-257571, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-41942, or a commercial product, “New Best” manufactured by Nippon Insulation Co., Ltd. Preferable examples include “light”, “daipalite”, and “xlite”. Further, the calcium silicate plate may be subjected to water repellent treatment. Moreover, since this calcium silicate board can be recycled, it leads to resource saving and there is no fear of generating harmful gases in the event of a fire unlike an organic heat insulating material.

  The interior material 20 is attached to the column 23 and the inter-column 24 on the indoor side. Between the heat insulating material 22 and the interior material 20, an air layer 26 is formed with the pillars 23 and the intermediary pillars 24 serving as spacers. A coating material such as diatomaceous earth or lacquer that has moisture permeability or humidity control, paint, wallpaper, or the like may be provided on the surface of the interior material 20 (surface on the indoor side). In FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the interior material 20 is directly attached to the pillars 23 and the spacers 24 without using the trunk edge. However, as long as the air layer 26 has a sealed structure, the interior material 20 is disposed via the trunk edge. It can also be fixed to the pillar 23 and the spacer 24.

  The interior material 20 has good fire resistance (incombustibility and fire resistance), heat insulation, and odor permeability, and has excellent moisture absorption and desorption (humidity control), that is, moisture absorption capacity and low humidity in a high humidity environment. A zonolite-based calcium silicate plate having a moisture releasing ability under the environment can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use a calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 1.5 so that sufficient strength can be obtained in consideration of the arrangement on the indoor side. The thing of 4-0.8 is more preferable.

  For example, as a calcium silicate plate shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-257571, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-46, Japanese Patent No. 2714668, Japanese Patent No. 2594795, Japanese Patent No. 2554534, and the like, Preferred examples include “Tycalite”, “Humilite” and “Tycalite Wood” manufactured by Nippon Insulation Co., Ltd.

  In this embodiment, a calcium silicate plate is used as the interior material 20, but it is not necessarily limited to this, and other materials having humidity control properties include inorganic materials such as zeolite building materials and diatomaceous earth building materials. In addition to materials, it is also possible to use a material having moisture permeability, odor permeability and fire resistance such as gypsum board.

  The air layer 26 is a sealed space surrounded by the heat insulating material 22, the interior material 20, the gird 31 of the roof structure 3, and the heat insulating material 41 of the floor structure 4, and communication with the outdoor space T is shut. Has been out. The air layer 26 has an effect as a heat insulating layer, and the wall structure 2 has a synergistic effect between the heat insulating property of the heat insulating material 22 (including the heat insulating property of the interior material 20) and the heat insulating property of the air layer 26. Effective thermal insulation performance is achieved.

  In addition, when it is necessary to further improve the heat insulation performance of the wall structure 2, it is used, for example, in the present invention in a space (for example, between the pillars 23 and 24) that forms the air layer 26. It is also possible to provide a heat-insulating material having air permeability such as a calcium silicate plate or glass wool or rock wool of a type whose surface is not moisture-proofed (so-called additional heat insulation). Further, when it is necessary to further improve the humidity control performance of the wall structure 2, the air layer 26 is provided with a humidity control material having excellent humidity control properties such as a calcium silicate plate, a zeolite building material, and a diatomaceous earth building material. It is also possible to deploy.

  On the outdoor side of the heat insulating material 22, a sheet material 27 (hereinafter referred to as “moisture permeable waterproof sheet”) having moisture permeability, odor permeability, and waterproofness is disposed. This moisture permeable waterproof sheet 27 is a sheet that allows moisture and odor to pass therethrough but does not allow water to pass through. The moisture permeable waterproof sheet 27 prevents moisture and other odors from passing outside, and allows moisture and odor from the room to pass outside. It has a function. As such a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 27, a product conforming to JIS A6111 can be used. For example, “Tyvek House Wrap” manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. can be preferably cited.

  The outer wall material 21 is attached to the outdoor side of the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 27 via a plurality of trunk edges 28 arranged at equal intervals. Thus, between the heat insulating material 22 and the outer wall material 21, each trunk edge 28 serves as a spacer, and a ventilation layer 29 is formed.

  The ventilation layer 29 is a space that communicates with the outdoor space T and allows air to flow between the outdoor space T and the outdoor space T. After the outdoor air (outside air) flowing in from the opening 10 formed at the lower end of the outer wall material 21 moves upward through the ventilation layer 29, each rafter of the roof structure 3 at the upper end of the outer wall material 21. 14A (shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) between the pitches of 33A flows out of the room as the outlet 11. It is also possible to provide a damper at the opening 10 and the outlet 11 to close the damper and control the air flow within a range that does not hinder the discharge of excessive moisture and odor, and the ventilation layer 29 can be used as a heat insulating layer. It is.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5, the roof structure 3 is provided with a ceiling member 30 that forms an indoor space S between the columns 31 and the girders 31 that are horizontally mounted on the pillars 24. A plurality of rafters 33A are arranged at equal intervals on each girder 31 and purlin 32. A field plate 34 is disposed on each rafter 33A, and a heat insulating material 35 is disposed on the field plate 34.

  As the ceiling material 30, a general building material can be used. For example, if a humidity control material such as a calcium silicate plate, a zeolite building material, or a diatomaceous earth building material is used, the humidity in the indoor space S can be adjusted. It is also possible to provide a surface finishing material (not shown) such as a paint with moisture permeability, a coating material, or a wallpaper on the lower surface (inner side surface) of the ceiling board 30. It is also possible to adopt a structure in which the ceiling material 30 is not provided.

  About the heat insulating material 35, like the heat insulating material 22 of the wall structure 2, it has good fire resistance (incombustibility and heat resistance), heat insulating properties, humidity control properties, and odor permeability, and has little deterioration over time. It is composed of a system calcium silicate plate (preferably having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3). On the upper surface (outside surface) of the heat insulating material 35, for example, a moisture-permeable and waterproof sheet material (hereinafter referred to as “moisture-permeable waterproof sheet”) 36 such as “Tyvek roof liner” manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. A roof base material 37 made of cedar board, plywood or the like is provided on the outdoor side of the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 36 via a rafter (ventilated rafter) 33B.

  On the upper surface of the roof base material 37, for example, a roof finishing material 38 made of a metal plate such as a Galvalume steel plate or a tile is provided. The tip of the roof base material 37 is connected to the end member 12 that stops the tips of the rafters 33A and 33B. Between the heat insulating material 35 or the field board 34 and the roof base material 37, a rafter 33B is used as a spacer, which will be described later. A ventilation layer 39 through which the outside air that enters through the ventilation hole 13 is allowed to pass is formed.

  The ventilation layer 39 is a space that communicates with the outdoor space T and allows air to flow between the outdoor space T. The front end of the field plate 34 is positioned in front of the end member 12, and a gap is formed between the front end of the field plate 34 and the end member 12. This gap constitutes a vent 13 through which outside air from the outside flows into the vent layer 39, and the vent layer 39 formed in the pitch 14B between the rafters 33B communicates with the outdoor space T outside the building 1. ing.

  Further, an opening 15 is provided in the ridges of the roof base material 37 and the roof finishing material 38, and the wrapping member 16 is installed on the roof finishing material 38 so as to cover the opening 15. The wrapping member 16 is provided so that rain or the like does not enter the opening 15 and the ventilation layer 39 and the outdoor space T communicate with each other through the exhaust ports 17 and 17. The outside air that has flowed into the ventilation layer 39 through the ventilation port 13 moves upward through the ventilation layer 39 and then flows out of the opening through the exhaust ports 17 from the openings 15. . In addition, it is also possible to provide a damper in the opening 15 and the exhaust port 17 to close the damper and control the air flow as long as it does not prevent the discharge of excessive moisture and odor, and the ventilation layer 39 can be used as a heat insulating layer. It is.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 7, the floor structure 4 is provided with a floor base material 41 such as a plywood on the lower surface (outside surface) of the floor material 40 forming the indoor space S. Further, a heat insulating material 42 is disposed between the plurality of joists 44 on the lower surface of the floor base material 41 via a receiving material 43. Each joist 44 is supported so as to be orthogonal to a plurality of large pulls 48 serving as a base. In addition, about the material of this heat insulating material 42, since it is the same as the heat insulating materials 22 and 35 of the structure 2 of a wall, and the structure 3 of a roof, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. Further, as the flooring 40, a conventional one can be used, but it is preferable to use, for example, wood or the like having moisture permeability or humidity control.

  1, 6, and 7, the heat insulating material 42 is disposed between the joists 44 via the receiving material 43, but the heat insulating material 42 is disposed between the large pulls 48 via the receiving material 43. It is also possible to configure so as to.

  Each large pull 48 has a foundation ventilation member 45 on each rising portion 19 of the foundation 18. The basic ventilation member 45 has air permeability having good strength and load resistance, and a large number of peripheral ventilation surfaces 45 so that the underfloor space below the heat insulating material 42 and the receiving material 43 and the outdoor space T communicate with each other. Through-holes are formed. Thereby, the underfloor space is a ventilation layer 46 through which air from the outside can flow. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 47 denotes a drain plate for protecting the ventilation member 45 from rain and the like.

  In the building 1 configured as described above, moisture and odor in the indoor space S that has passed through the interior material 20 of the wall structures 2 and 2 pass through the heat insulating material 22 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 27 after passing through the air layer 26. To the ventilation layer 29. Moisture and odor derived to the ventilation layer 29 are discharged to the outside of the building 1 by the air flowing from the outdoor space T into the ventilation layer 29. Thereby, a comfortable indoor space S is provided. Further, when building materials having moisture permeability (or humidity conditioning) and odor permeability are used for the ceiling material 30, the field board 34, or the floor material 40 and the floor base material 41, moisture and odor in the indoor space S are , The ceiling material 30 of the roof structure 3, the field plate 34 and the heat insulating material 35, or the floor material 40, the floor base material 41 and the heat insulating material 42 of the floor structure 4, respectively, to pass through the ventilation layers 39 and 46. To be derived. Moisture and odor derived to the ventilation layers 39 and 46 are discharged from the outdoor space T to the outside of the building 1 by the air flowing into the ventilation layers 39 and 46. Thereby, a comfortable indoor space S is provided.

As shown in FIG. 8, on the side surface of the desiccator 6 assuming the indoor space S, the interior material 50, the heat insulating material 51, the column 52 between the interior material 50 and the heat insulating material 51, and the space portion 53 between the columns 52, the wall 5 formed from framing portions consisting of as vapor product ratio obtained by dividing the area of the surface contacting the desiccator 6 of the interior material 50 in the volume of the desiccator 6 is 0.6 m 2 ^/ m ^3, The wall body 5 is adjusted in size and attached, and the top and bottom of the wall body 5 are sealed with a styrofoam, and this is installed in an adiabatic dew-proof test apparatus (not shown) assuming outside air. As shown in Table 1, the temperature and humidity (corresponding to the temperature and humidity of the outside air) are changed by a sin curve with 24 hours as one cycle, and the temperature and humidity in the desiccator corresponding to the indoor space S are measured with a data logger. Use every 10 minutes It was measured. The temperature fluctuation was 23 ± 7 ° C., and the humidity was such that the absolute volumetric humidity was constant (10.3 g / m ³ ).

  The interior material 50, the heat insulating material 51, and the space portion 53 of the frame assembly space constituting the wall body 5 are configured by combinations of materials of Experimental Examples A to D shown in Table 3. Details of the materials are as shown in Table 2.

  Here, the experimental examples A and B correspond to the wall structure of the present invention, the experimental example C corresponds to a conventional and generally used heat insulating structure, and the experimental example D described above. This corresponds to the wall structure described in Patent Document 4. In Experimental Example C, the space 53 between the pillars 52 is filled with glass wool whose indoor surface is covered with a moisture-proof film, and a structural plywood that is an exterior base material is disposed at the position of the heat insulating material 51. Yes. In Experimental Example D, the space 53 between the pillars 52 is filled with a wood fiber board, and a volcanic glassy multilayer board (“dielight”) as an exterior base material is disposed at the position of the heat insulating material 51. Yes. In Experimental Examples A and B, a moisture permeable waterproof film is disposed on the outdoor side surface of the heat insulating material 51.

  In addition, three types of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and ammonia are used as odor components, and these odor components are filled in the desiccator at the start of the experiment, and the time variation of the odor concentration in the desiccator 6 and the odor concentration in the space 53 is represented by 24. Measurements were made using a detector tube every hour.

  Table 3 shows the measurement results (variation width = maximum humidity−minimum humidity) obtained by measuring the fluctuation of the humidity in the desiccator 6 when formaldehyde is used as the odor component. In addition, as a reference example, a measurement result obtained by measuring a change due to a temperature change of moisture originally contained in the desiccator 6 when the desiccator 6 is subjected to moisture-removal processing by replacing the wall body 5 with a styrofoam is shown. Humidity fluctuation index ("humidity fluctuation width of each experimental example" ÷ "humidity fluctuation width of reference example" x 100) which is a converted value of the humidity fluctuation width of each experimental example when the fluctuation width is "100" The results are also shown in Table 3.

  From the measurement results in Table 3, it can be seen that Experimental Examples A and B corresponding to the present invention have a high effect of suppressing humidity fluctuation, and among them, the effect of Experimental Example A is particularly high. As for the odor, in Experimental Examples A, B, and D, the odor concentration in the desiccator 6 decreases with time, and finally becomes below the detection limit. The odor concentration in the space 53 is also the interior material 50. It was confirmed that although the odor concentration once increased with the odor transmitted through the odor, it decreased with time. This tendency can be confirmed each time the odor component is repeatedly added to the desiccator 6, so that it can be determined that the odor component passes through the heat insulating material 51 and is discharged to the outside.

  In Experimental Example C, the interior side surface of the glass wool filled in the space 53 is covered with a moisture-proof film, so that no odorous component is transmitted, and the desiccator 6 is absorbed by the gypsum board of the interior material 50. Although the odor concentration in the inside decreased to some extent, the odor concentration increased as the odor component was added to the desiccator 6. As a result, in Experimental Example C, the odor concentration decreases until the adsorption of the odor component of the interior material 50 is saturated, but after the saturation, the odor component does not permeate from the room to the outside at all, and It can be judged that the effect of discharging to the outside of the heat insulating material 51 can hardly be expected. The transition of odor concentration in formaldehyde as described above was the same for ammonia and formaldehyde.

  As described above, the wall structure having odor permeability and suppressing humidity fluctuation, that is, excellent humidity control, is the experimental example A corresponding to the present invention (the zonotlite system having a bulk specific gravity of 0.45 for the interior material). Calcium silicate plate with a specific gravity of 0.17 for the heat insulating material and a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate with a specific gravity of 0.17 and Experimental Example B (Gypsum board is used for the interior material and the bulk specific gravity is 0 for the heat insulating material) 0.05-0.3 zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate), among which Experimental Example A exhibits excellent humidity control performance and odor transmission performance.

  Further, in the wall structure 2 of the present invention, the air layer 26 disposed on the indoor side of the heat insulating material 22 is a sealed space in which communication with the outside of the building 1 is shut out. There is no risk that the heat insulation performance of the battery will deteriorate due to the influence of outside air. Moreover, since the heat insulating material 22 is comprised by the said calcium silicate board excellent in heat insulation, the heat insulation performance of the wall structure 2 will be maintained in a favorable state.

  Furthermore, by using the calcium silicate plate as the interior material 20, the interior material 20 can obtain not only the effect as a humidity control material that absorbs and releases moisture described above, but also the effect of heat insulation. The heat insulation performance of the structure 2 can be further improved. In addition, since the calcium silicate plate constituting the interior material 20 and the heat insulating material 22 is also excellent in incombustibility and heat resistance, the wall structure 2 has heat insulation performance, humidity control performance, and odor transmission performance, Excellent fire resistance performance.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building 2 Wall structure 3 Roof structure 4 Floor structure 20 Interior material 21 Outer wall material 22 Heat insulating material 26 Air layer 27 Moisture permeable waterproof sheet 29 Ventilation layer 35 Heat insulating material 39 Ventilation layer 42 Heat insulating material 46 Ventilation layer

Claims (3)

A building wall structure with thermal insulation inside,
An interior material having moisture permeability, odor permeability and fire resistance facing the indoor space, an outer wall material facing the outdoor space, and a heat insulating material disposed between the interior material and the outer wall material,
The heat insulating material comprises a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3,
On the outdoor side of the interior material, an air layer that is blocked from communicating with the outdoor space and the indoor space is arranged between the heat insulating material and the outdoor side of the heat insulating material has moisture permeability and odor permeability. And a structure of a building wall in which a waterproof sheet material is disposed and a ventilation layer that communicates with the outdoor space and allows air from the outdoor space to flow is disposed outside the sheet material.   2. The building wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the interior material is a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 1.5. 3. A building having a wall structure according to claim 1 and a floor structure and a roof structure provided with a heat insulating material made of a zonotlite-based calcium silicate plate having a bulk specific gravity of 0.05 to 0.3. There,
A building in which a ventilation layer is provided outside the heat insulating material of the floor structure and the roof structure so as to communicate with the outside and allow air from the outside to flow.

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