WO2012120340A1

WO2012120340A1 - Prefabricated building elements and relative system for the construction of buildings

Info

Publication number: WO2012120340A1
Application number: PCT/IB2011/054866
Authority: WO
Inventors: Giuseppe Di Bella
Original assignee: Ferr-Point S.R.L.
Priority date: 2011-03-10
Filing date: 2011-11-02
Publication date: 2012-09-13
Also published as: ITVI20110046A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a prefabricated building element (1, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90) characterized in that it a wooden structural element (5, 32, 42, 62) parallel to the mounting axis, suitable for creating some ducts (8, 33, 43, 63) for ventilating a building, connected each other starting from the ground floor up to the roof ridge. The invention also concerns a system for the construction of buildings, characterized in that it uses at least one type of these prefabricated building elements.

Description

PREFABRICATED BUILDING ELEMENTS AND RELATIVE SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

The present invention is inserted in the field of biobuilding and concerns some prefabricated building elements and related constructive system of buildings that uses them.

In particular, the current invention refers to building elements for the construction of a ventilated structure, at high energy saving.

Still more particularly, the present invention indicates a constructive building system able to use non-polluting and energy-saving strategies, but also to enable the user to perceive with the maximum environmental comfort the space in which he lives.

The now expect need to reduce energy consumption leads to increasingly consider the bioclimatic approach as the inalienable future of living, remembering that biobuilding is no longer a matter of an economic availability, but rather of mentality of those who, more and more, is looking for an improvement in his lifestyle.

A building able to interact with the thermal-hygrometric conditions between the inner/outer is a healthier building able to mitigate the highest and lowest values of humidity and temperature.

In our climate it occurs that for thermal purposes, relative humidity levels are between 30% and 70% in summer and 30% and 55% in winter; it is important, therefore, to concentrate at south the rooms in which mostly living, and at north of the building the other rooms, such as storerooms, bathrooms or bedrooms. In this way they effectively operate as thermal buffer.

A look at the extraordinary experience of the ancients, reinterpreting in modern key technical solutions of the past has given rise to the present invention, also known under the trademark "Wood Living System™." It consists in the integration of a series of vertical and horizontal, properly designed, elements which originates a correct air circulation for a total natural ventilation of the building. It is aimed to get a passive system, in order to minimize the use of plant systems for adjusting the microclimate inside any building.

A passive building is a particular type of construction in which without using traditional air conditioning plants an optimal thermo-hygrometric comfort is reached. The term "passive" just refers to a building able to warm up and cool by its own. The solar passive systems are technologies used to adjust heat exchanges between inside and outside the building, by using solar radiation as energy source and exploiting, as elements for its collection and accumulation, both enclosure and inner building components.

This technology provides a system where the most important insulation part is outside the perimetric walls, because this allows to make available the thermal mass of the walls themselves for accumulating and consequently displacing the phase of the thermal wave which comes inside from the outside of the building and vice versa.

In the past, man, not having the sophisticated modern technological and plant system, in order to adjust at will the comfort conditions inside the rooms in which he lived, in building his residences, had gained a great awareness and sensitivity towards the environment and nature.

In the modern era, great confidence on the plant contribution has produced buildings with high levels of pollution due to the abuse of technological solutions of microclimate control and with very high energy consumption.

The present invention intends to recover a settlement wisdom of the past through the study of air temperature during the year in order to identify the periods when it is convenient to adopt passive heating or cooling strategies. It is aimed at improving room conditions inside the building, with interest for the control of the parametric values of relative humidity, temperature, air speed, lighting, etc., that strongly characterize the fruition qualities of the building itself, minimizing the use of plant.

Some examples of the past can help to better understand what has just been said: in Pakistan the system of the "wind towers", consisting of chimneys that have the task of collecting winds, is based on the exploitation of the winds for cooling the rooms; in some historical Sicilian buildings, the so-called "chambers of sirocco", dating from the fifteenth century, are used; another example is Costozza villas, built in the second half of the sixteenth century, provided with a natural cooling system based on the use of "ventidotti". All these are some of the many examples of that room culture of the past which has been lost since the nineteenth century, because of the extreme technological boom.

The system is based on the principle of the heat transfer by conduction, which takes place among bodies in contact or among parts of a same body which are at different temperatures, and on the principle of heat transfer by convection, which takes place, instead, when between two bodies an intermediate fluid circulates, said thermal carrier fluid (basically air, in the solar passive systems like in this case), heating by conduction in contact with the hotter body and subsequently releasing heat in contact with the colder body. In this way convection currents generate, where the hotter air that lies at the heat source of the passive system considered, less dense than the cold one, moves upwardly, while the cold one moves downwardly.

In the heat transfer by radiation heat is exchanged, although there is vacuum between the two bodies, by means of emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation. By providing the creation of suitable aeration selvages on the outside walls the hot air, created in the dear-air space between bearing wall and coating envelope, it can be easily disposed outside creating a solar chimney effect able to increase the cooling ventilation in the building. This is possible when there are openings in the wall part of the system, and simultaneously, on the opposite side of the building (between which unimpeded air flow is obviously allowed) with the result of natural air conditioning, especially during summer.

This type of construction, however, is nearly obsolete, owing to more modern building systems which allow times and costs reduction, preferring the prefabricated structures to be assembled in place.

The main disadvantage of the known technique just described is, therefore, the very high material, ad hoc design and production cost. On the other hand, the prefabricated structures present an aggregate of polluting materials having a significant environmental impact, moreover they make impossible an organic control of ventilation of the building, limiting to determine the thermo-acoustic insulation only in certain parts of the overall structure.

Furthermore, the World Health Organization has long defined the concept of welfare as: "the state of physical, mental and social welfare and not merely the absence of diseases and disabilities". Sick building syndrome, as recognized by the same world organization, is a feature of many new buildings or newly renovation buildings which are still built with obsolete methods in which unaware use of many substances placed on the building market (paints, lakes, certain types of plasters, ...), seals produced in the name of an apparent reduction of energy consumption, bad and forced use of the heating plant, poor ventilation and air change together with low transpiration of the materials have transformed house in a sealed chamber, with high pollution rates of which we do not apparently notice. Humans, indeed, increase concentrations of toxic substances through their own metabolism and use of products for managing the house.

The potential pollutants can be divided into three categories:

- physical nature pollutants: radon, artificial fibres, dust, electromagnetic fields, etc.;

- chemical nature pollutants: volatile organic compounds, monoxide and dioxide carbon, nitrogen and sulphur oxides, etc. ;

- microbiological nature pollutants: mushrooms, moulds, pollens, etc.

Focusing especially on building and furnishing materials, it is proved that these ones severely affect inside air pollution and it is nearly proved by scientific studies that 40% of the material used in the global building field can be detrimental to health. In relation to the above it is possible to scientifically say that the risks directly depend on the exposure time and concentration of pollutants.

It is then clear the need for a building system able to overcome all the disadvantages of the prior art.

Main purpose of the present invention, all achieved through the scientific considerations described, is to reset the energy consumptions, making the building totally self-governing from the energy and its consequent costs and an extraordinary thermal hygrometric welfare of those ones who live inside mostly in the most critical periods of the year, in particular in winter and summer, where, in order to mitigate too low and too high temperatures are, it is no longer necessary to do it through the use of plants, but through the structure of the building itself.

In particular, the system "Wood Living System" allows the main building material (wood) to constantly remain in physical-chemical balance and therefore to last over time and optimally react to the static and dynamic stresses of the structure.

Another purpose of the present invention is therefore to create a building system comprising a series of prefabricated modular elements that can be combined together, able to ensure proper ventilation inside the walls. Yet another purpose of the present invention is to provide the fundamental building elements for a building, which are produced in an environmentally friendly material.

Further purpose of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective and easy to be mass produced building system.

Purpose of the present invention is also to indicate a flexible, adaptable to any climate and even to any architecture building system.

Further purposes and advantages of the present invention will be clear from the description that follows, referring to various illustrative and preferred, but not limiting, embodiment examples of the prefabricated structural elements and the related constructive buildings system, object of the invention, and from the attached drawings, in which:

- figure 1 respectively shows a vertical section in A, a horizontal section in B and C, the combination of the elements in D and an assonometric view of a first of the prefabricated building elements object of the invention;

- figure 2 respectively shows a vertical section in A and a horizontal section in B of the building element of figure 1 ;

- figure 3 respectively shows a vertical section in A, a horizontal section in B and C, the combination of the elements in D and an assonometric view in E of a second embodiment of the building element of figure 1 ;

- figure 4 respectively shows a vertical section in A and a horizontal section in B of the building element of figure 3;

- figure 5 respectively shows a longitudinal section in A and C, a cross section in B, the combination of the elements in D and an assonometric view in E of a second of the prefabricated building elements object of the invention;

- figure 6 respectively shows a first embodiment in A, a second embodiment in B and the stratigraphy in C of the building element of figure 5;

figure 7 respectively shows a longitudinal section in A and C, a cross section in B, the combination of the elements in D and an assonometric view in E of a third of the prefabricated building elements object of the invention;

- figure 8 respectively shows a first embodiment in A, a second embodiment in B of the building element of figure 7;

- figure 9 respectively shows the stratigraphy in A and an assonometric view from the bottom in B of the building element of figure 7;

- figure 10 respectively shows a longitudinal section in A and C, a cross section in B, the combination of the elements in D and an assonometric view in E of a fourth of the prefabricated building elements object of the invention;

- figure 11 respectively shows a first embodiment in A, a second embodiment in B and the stratigraphy in C of the building element of figure 10;

- figure 12 respectively shows a vertical section in A, a horizontal section in B, the combination of the elements in C and an assonometric view in D of a fifth of the prefabricated building elements object of the invention;

- figure 13 respectively shows a vertical section in A and a horizontal section in B of a first embodiment, a vertical section in C and a horizontal section in D of a second embodiment, a vertical section in E and horizontal section in F of a third embodiment of the building element of figure 12;

- figure 14 respectively shows a vertical section in A and a horizontal section in B of a fourth embodiment, a vertical section in C and a horizontal section in D of a fifth embodiment of the building element of figure 12;

- figures 15-17 show the detail of the ground attach of the building elements object of the invention;

- figures 18-20 show the detail of the connection between the element of figure 1 and element of figure 7;

- figures 21-24 show the detail of a further possible connection between the element of figure 1 and element of figure 7;

- figure 25 shows the detail of the connection of two elements of figure 10;

- figures 26-28 show the detail of a roof gutter integrated into an element of figure 10;

- figures 29-36 show further detail of window and door frames integrated into an element of figure 1 or 3; and

- figures 37-39 show further details of the connection among two or more elements of figure 12.

With reference to figures 1-2, the first prefabricated building element object of the invention is a panel 1 for the composition of an outer wall.

The panel 1 presents a first layer 2 made of machined larch-wood exterior finishing with a variable pattern, an example of which is shown in figure 1 E. Density of the exterior finishing layer 2 is 600kg/mc, thermal conductivity (λ) is 0.13W/mK in dry conditions and 0.15 W/mK in conditions with 12% humidity.

The panel 1 presents a second insulating layer 3 made of fibre-wood and a third interior closing layer 4 made of OSB/3 (three layers Oriented Strand Board with phenolic glue). The insulating layer 3 respectively presents density of 240kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.05W/mK, while the interior closing layer 4 respectively presents density of 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.13W7mK.

In panel 1 there is also a vertical wooden upright 5, which is composed of two elements (figure 1 C): a main body 6 inside the two layers 2, 4 and outer closing fillet 7, fixed together by screw. Tightening of these members 6, 7 allows to vertically support the panels 1 . The positioning of the uprights serves to create some ventilation ducts 8 of the whole building, connected by the floor of the ground floor up to the roof ridge.

As shown in figure 1 B and 1 D, the vertical upright 5 is located at the connection between two panels 1 : the interior closing layer 4 ends at the notch 9 of the vertical upright 5, while the exterior finishing layer 2 ends beyond the vertical upright 5, being offset with respect to the interior closing layer 4. By coupling with a second panel 1 ' (figure 1 D), even the layer 4' of the second panel ends at a second notch 9' of the vertical upright 5, while the exterior finishing layer 2' does not reach the vertical upright 5, resulting offset with respect to the interior closing layer 4' of the second panel 1 '.

The configuration of this type of connection allows the reduction of a thermal bridge between inside and outside.

The finished wall provides the support of the upright 5 of the panel 1 to a XLAM type structural panel 10 (crossed axes glued panels), an additional equipped layer 11 , including fibre wood panels alternating with dear-air spaces 13 for electrical wirings, wooden horizontal uprights 14 internally closed by a sheet made of plasterboard 15.

With reference to figures 3-4, a second embodiment of the first panel 20 presents a first layer 21 of exterior finishing made of plastic type plaster on a glass-fibre net, overlapped to a second layer made of natural hydraulic lime-based premixed bio-plaster 22. The density of the layer 22 is 1 ,350kg/mc, the thermal conductivity (λ) is 0.42W/mk.

The panel 20 presents a third layer 23 made of OSB/3, a fourth layer 24 made of Eraclit, a fifth layer 25 made of fibre wood insulator and a sixth interior closing layer 26 made of OSB/3. The layer 23 respectively presents density of 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.13W/mK, the layer 24 respectively presents density of 470kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.08W/mK, the insulating layer 25 respectively presents density of 240kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.05W/mK, while the interior closing layer 26 respectively presents density of 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.13W/m .

In the panel 20 there is also a vertical wooden upright 5, similar to that one of the panel 1 previously described, as well as the coupling is similar (figs. 3B and 3D).

The finished wall provides the support of the upright 5 of the panel 1 to a XLAM type structural panel 10 (crossed axes glued panels), an additional equipped layer 11 , including fibre wood panels alternating with dear-air spaces 13 for electrical wirings, wooden horizontal uprights 14 and closed by a sheet made of plasterboard 15.

With reference to figures 5-6, the second prefabricated building element object of the invention is a panel 30 for the composition of a floor.

The panel 30 presents an upper layer 31 , made of OSB/3, resting on beams made of laminated wood 32, 33 forming a duct for natural ventilation. The upper layer 31 presents respectively density of 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.13W/mK.

As shown in figure 5D, panels 30 are drawn close each other, fixed to the structure of the main beams and superiorly clamped each other in order to provide the necessary stiffness to the floor below.

The wooden beams 32 of the panel 30 form the secondary warping of the structural floor. The panel 30 as a whole rests on a main warping of beams 50 made of laminated pinewood.

As far as figure 6 is concerned, the finished floor provides a second layer 34 above the first one 31 , made of fibre wood insulator, a third layer 35 in which the floor heating and cooling plant is placed with the superposition of a concrete slab, and finally a finishing floor 36. The wooden beams 32 of the panel 30 rest, in a first embodiment (figure 6A), on a double bituminous sheath 37, overlapped to a foundation concrete bed 38, overlapped in turn to a layer of levelling lean concrete 39.

In a second embodiment (figure 6B) a further levelling slab 37A is provided, superimposed to the double bituminous sheath 37.

With reference to figures 7-9, the third prefabricated building element object of the invention is a panel 40 for the composition of a floor. The panel 40 presents an upper layer 41 , made of OSB/3, resting on laminated wood beams 42, forming a duct 43 for natural ventilation and it can be arranged for the positioning of ventilation ducts made of steel 52 (figure 9B) for air treatment with related wirings. The upper layer 41 presents respectively density of 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (A) of 0.13W/mK.

A second insulating layer 44 made of fibre wood and a third intermediate layer 45 made of OSB/3 are present below the layer 41. A fourth layer 46 made of pinewood is provided below the duct 43 and beams 42.

The insulating layer 44 presents respectively density of 240kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.05W7mK, the intermediate layer 45 presents respectively density of 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.13W/mK, while the fourth layer 46 respectively presents density of 600kg/mc and thermal conductivity (A) of 0.13W/mK in dry conditions and 0.15W/mK in conditions with 12% humidity.

As shown in figure 7D, the panels 40 are drawn close each other, fixed to the structure of the main beams and superiorly clamped each other in order to provide the necessary stiffness to the floor.

Regarding figure 8, the finished floor includes a fifth insulating layer 47 above the first one 41 , made of fibre wood, a sixth layer 48 in which the floor heating and cooling plant is positioned with the superposition of a concrete slab, and finally a finishing floor 49. The panel 40 directly rests on the main warping of the beams 50.

Figure 9B shows a panel 40 equipped with an air treatment plant.

In relation to figures 10-11 , the fourth prefabricated building element object of the invention is a panel 60 for the composition of a roof.

The panel 60 presents an upper layer 61 , made of OSB/3, resting on laminated wood beams 62, forming a duct 63 for the circulation of air coming from the ducts 8 of the external walls up to the roof ridge. The upper layer 61 presents respectively density of 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (A) of 0.13W/mK.

A second insulating layer 64 made of fiber wood and a third intermediate layer 65 made of OSB/3 are provided below the layer 61. A fourth layer 66 made of larch-wood is provided below the duct 63 and beams 62.

The insulating layer 64 respectively presents density of 240kg/mc and thermal conductivity (A) of 0.05W/mK, the intermediate layer 65 respectively presents density 650kg/mc and thermal conductivity (A) of 0.13W/mK, while the fourth layer 66 respectively presents density of 600kg/mc and thermal conductivity (A) of 0.13W/mK in dry conditions and 0.15W/mK in conditions with 12% humidity.

As shown in figure 0D, the panels 40 are drawn close each other, fixed to the structure of the main beams and superiorly clamped each other in order to provide the necessary stiffness to the floor.

With reference to figure 1 1 , the finished roof 67 provides a vapour barrier above the first layer 61 , an insulating layer 68 made of wood fibre overlapping thereto, in which a wooden covering upright 53, a metallic sheet cover 69, preferably made of copper or aluminium, a ventilation cavaedium 70 for a photovoltaic system, and an integrated photovoltaic system 71 are positioned.

The panel 60 directly rests on the main warping of the beams 50.

With reference to figures 12-14, the fifth prefabricated building element object of the invention is panel 80 for the composition of an inner wall.

The panel 80 presents two layers 81 of finishing made of machined larch- wood with a variable pattern, an example of which is shown in figure 12D. The density of the layers 81 is 600kg/mc, the thermal conductivity (A) is 0.13W/mK in dry conditions and 0.15W/mK in conditions with 12% humidity.

The panel 80 presents a dear-air space 82 filled with an insulating layer made of fibre wood. The insulating layer 82 presents respectively density of 240kg/mc and thermal conductivity (A) of 0.05W/mK.

As visible in figure 12C, the coupling between two panels 80, 80' is similar to that one of the panels 1 , 20 for getting the outer walls, previously described.

In a second embodiment of the same panel 90, shown in figure 13, provided for building bearing inner walls, the finished wall provides the support of one (figures 13A and 13B) or two (figures 13C and 13D) panels 90 to a XLAM type structural panel 10. Wooden horizontal uprights 91 , which create inside the panel 90 some dear-air spaces 92, in which panels made of fibre wood 93 and dear-air spaces 94 for electrical installations alternate, are present inside the panel 90. The exterior finishing of the panels 90 can be constituted by a wood panel or a plasterboard sheet. In a third embodiment shown in figure 14, the finished wall provides the support of two panels 90 to two XLAM type structural panels 10, between which a insulating layer 96 made of cork is interposed (figures 14A and 14B) or directly placed side-by-side (figures 14C and 14D).

With reference to figures 15-17, the connection between a panel 1 for building an outer wall 30 and a panel for building a floor, and related anchorage to the ground is shown.

The duct 33 for the natural ventilation of the panel 30 ends at a lower end 16 of the XLAM type structural panel 10, constituting a finished outer wall. The angular joint 100 of the two panels 1 , 30 consists of a panel 101 made of Eraclit, supporting a rising wall made of hollow tile 102. The panel 101 rests on the double bituminous sheath 37 of the floor, and is fixed to it by means of anchor brackets 103 made of stainless steel. The rising wall 102 presents at the top an omega profile 104 made of steel, on which the panel 1 rests. The profile 104 allows to keep pending the structural panel 10 and connect the duct 8 of the wall with the 33 of the floor.

As shown in figures 18-20, the connection between a bearing inner wall and intermediate floor does not require additional elements, ventilation inside the walls being not necessary.

In relation to figures 21 -24, the duct 8 of the panel 1 and duct 43 of the panel 40 communicate. The coupling between the two panels 1 , 40 occurs by exactly matching the extension of the lower layer 46 of the panel 40 with the extension of the wooden beam 50. Such a wooden beam 50 rests on the structural panel 10 and creates a right angle with the latter, extending the duct 8 so that it directly leads in the duct 43. This advantageously allows the circulation of air from floor to the floor without any interruption, exclusively using standard elements supplied by a single company.

Referring to figure 25, the ridge of a tilted roof is obtained by placing two panels 60 on a ridge beam 54 made of laminated pinewood and matching them vertically. A wooden covering upright 55 is inserted along the upper edge and is surmounted by a wooden square ridge structure 56, which in turn presents a cover 57 made of metallic sheet. The cover made of metallic sheet 69 of the panels 60 extends beyond the extension of the panel 60 itself, bends upwardly and then downwardly towards the outside. This allows the movement of air upwardly, and its flow along the sheet 69 up to its end, exploiting the "chimney" effect.

Referring now to figures 26-28, a roof gutter 58 is present at the lower end of a sloping roof and is formed by the extension of the cover 69 made of metallic sheet of the roof. Always in the same figures it can be seen as the panel 60, suitable to make the final part of the roof, presents two openings 72 and 73 in the lower panel 66. In particular, an opening 72 is located outside the outer wall, so that the duct 63 of the panel 60 communicates with the outside, i.e. allowing the outside air to enter the system of ducts 8, 43, 63 just described.

The other opening 73, instead, is located inside the outer wall, so that the duct 8 communicates with the duct 63.

Figures 29-39 show further illustrative application details of the building elements object of the invention to any functional or aesthetic requirement. The wood is at the same time bearing, coating, finishing and insulation structure.

In principle, most of the mechanical properties of the various woods is proportional to their density. The wood is remarkably resisting and, for example, the weight being equal, its tensile stress strength equals that one of a 20,000 kg/cm² steel.

Its mechanical properties can be considered extraordinary and the weight of the wooden structures is usually comparable to that one of the metallic structures.

Wood is better than traditional building materials in relation to earthquakes because it better dissipates the energy due to the seismic waves, reducing the destructive effect of earthquakes. Wood is elastic.

The "Wood Living System™" system provides production of all its components entirely in laminated wood, self-bearing and calculated statically with the most modern calculation systems according to seismic law standards.

The fundamental result in buildings made with the system object of the invention is to get inside a good air quality that allows even those people with allergic or asthmatic propensity to live in the building itself enjoying an appropriate quality level of comfort.

In particular, foundations keep away the possible presence of radon gas and keep the building raised and detached from the ground below so as to avoid even any capillary rise of humidity and protect the structures from possible flooding of water flows.

Most of the materials used within the "Wood Living System™" system is made of wood which provides excellent performances with respect to sound insulation. All woods tend to reach equilibrium with the relative humidity of the surrounding air.

In saturated environment, it is reached when the wood humidity content is around 22-25%, in a very dry climate it can reach minimum values of 5%. It is important to keep in balance its humidity content in order to avoid swellings and shrinkages.

The "Wood Living System™" system performs this important task thanks to its ventilation system of the structures.

The wood contains many thousands of tubular cells connected together and vapour absorbed by the wood is removed by diffusion and perspiration through the cell walls staring from the more internal cells up to reach the outside.

Thus, less elements are overlapped each other, more air is interposed among the various elements and natural principle that in current jargon is called "wood breathing" is better optimized.

It is important that between the inside and outside of the wood a constant and balances humidity gradient is kept.

By providing the proper creation of ventilation channels, so that the hot air, created in the dear-air space between bearing wall and coating envelope, can be easily disposed outside, a solar chimney effect is produced able to increase the cooling ventilation in building when there are openings in the wall part of the system and, simultaneously, in the opposite side of the building (between which unimpeded air flow is obviously allowed) with the possibility of both winter and summer air-conditioning.

Starting from the ventilated floor, the present invention advantageously provides for the channeling of air around the entire perimeter of the building, operating as a modulator of the inner welfare depending on the orientation of the various sides of the building.

The building elements object of the invention constituting the system are entirely made of wood after having studied the use of wood and gluing techniques of the various components, through careful selection of the materials and products.

In particular this study takes place for the components operating outside, in environmental conditions more severe than those ones protected from the weather, where all the prefabricated system is subjected to the influence of air, with strong humidity and all weather agents variations. Although wood is already a material very durable over time by its own very nature and chemical composition, which easily adapts to sudden weather changes, classified as most natural building material, with its application in the present invention, wood advantageously implements its ability to adapt to the atmosphere and its durability thanks to the system that bases on the principle of ventilation.

The plant systems of winter and summer thermoregulation are positioned on the floor and ceiling.

The electrical systems are instead positioned along the perimeter of the walls. The house is energetically independent thanks to a photovoltaic system that feeds the plant operation.

The high energy efficiency of the system object of the present invention is got by minimizing losses and exploiting passive solar gains achieved through a proper orientation of the various elements of the system within the project and with the thermal insulation.

The system object of the invention, preferably, uses only certified materials coming from sustainable plantations, favorably contributing to the construction of green buildings, devoid of harmful substances.

The system object of the invention is based on the "mobile architecture" principle, where the techniques that produce a separation between the rigid infrastructure and prefabricated building elements constituting the movable plugging lead to the self-planning of the environment where to live by the inhabitant itself. The system addresses the problem of "prefabrication" by studying within all the components the various tricks which focus all the necessary features to the various functions of the building.

Therefore, all the main elements of the system can be built in production factory and then assembled on site with extreme accuracy and speed by skilled labour.

A building constructed using the system known as "Wood Living System™" object of the invention is more resistant to seismic stresses than a building made of concrete or masonry, since the entire structural design allows to best react to the stresses of the seismic wave propagating into the ground during an earthquake. This behavior is ensured by a system design that updates the latest regulations about anti- seism.

As part of the whole system, the positioning of the panel known as "Living Wood Outdoor Walt' thermally makes homogeneous throughout the structure by acting as a coat having thicknesses which vary according to the climatic zones of reference.

The "Wood Living System™" object of the invention, thanks to its stratigraphic flexibility and variety, allows to adapt itself to the specific climatic conditions of the place of settlement of the building. In other words, it is possible to determine the thermal-igrometric features of the house, on the basis of the needs of the inhabitant and climatic conditions, by simply choosing the constructive material of the building elements object of the invention.

The problem of thermal insulation has always been dealt with exclusively by considering the winter insulation from the cold and the need to ensure thermal comfort during winter without the same attention for summer season. This especially occurs when hot and hot-humid climates are considered, where rooms cooling is crucial for the welfare of the inhabitants, as well as a source of significant energy consumption by families.

One of the most important innovations of the "Wood Living System™" system is that it addresses the problem by considering the inner welfare in both seasons, winter and summer, after having analyzed all the physical- chemical aspects and actuating the appropriate strategies to keep the inner rooms in the range of optimal comfort, while minimizing the energy demand from traditional plants.

For all the stratigraphies available with the "Wood Living System™" system, the behavior of the vapor diffusion system is perfect, there is no presence of interstitial humidity thanks to the type of technology used, the specific use of proper materials and the thermal-igrometric analysis performed on the system with rigorous scientific approach. A house built with our system is not affected by humidity produced by our life inside. Optimal phase displacement values and attenuation factor of the "Wood Living System™" system associated with the surface mass with its storage capacity and presence of ventilation channels of the entire system represent the strong point for the summer insulation, remembering that the more delayed is the inlet of the thermal wave (outside heat), the less the inner environment is affected by high outer temperatures.

Phase displacement of the thermal wave involves the inlet of the same in the coolest hours, at night, with the consequence of feeling heat in a limited manner and being able to more easily and quickly dispose it thanks to the natural ventilation of your home.

The whole structure of the "Wood Living System™" system is insensitive to the behaviour of water and rising humidity thanks to a system technologically designed so as to keep the whole building raised with respect to the ground.

The 'Wood Living System™" system is environmentally sustainable strategies and adopts all the non-polluting strategies for the energy saving and environmental protection. It also puts the user in the condition to perceive with the maximum environmental comfort the space in which he lives.

A house built with the "Wood Living System™" system, therefore, is able to interact with the thermal-igrometric conditions: it is a healthier house because this interaction mitigates the high and low peaks of humidity and temperature.

The "Wood Living System™" system is not composed of a simple combination of materials overlapped each other.

It is, indeed, constructed with a stratigraphy which has a specific logic function from the inside to the outside of the house with the interposition of air for the natural ventilation and therefore the transpiration of the wood and materials forming the whole structure.

Just as the germs of various infections are present in our bodies, so that in the wood, parasites, i.e. mushrooms spores might often be present, even if they become active only under favourable conditions. Indeed, if the humidity parameters of wood are kept balanced, so that the ventilation is sufficient, the parasites do not develop.

Scientifically it is proved that it is not always possible to control humidity, it is possible to generally plan proper ventilation which becomes a sufficient prevention, beyond of course to the ritual treatments that are applied to structures.

"Wood Living System™" system is unacceptable as it is entirely based on the concept of ventilation that keeps in perfect balance the same parameters of wood humidity.

Very schematically, wood cells have elongated tubular shape, closed at the ends, which in the living tree are partially filled with water, more precisely with sap. In the wood of trees just cut moisture content varies but it may represent more than 100% of the dry wooden substance weight, about 25% is reabsorbed by the cell wall and the rest remains in the liquid state inside the cell.

The seasoning consists in eliminating most of the water by the operation of drying the wood, leading it to a moisture content which more or less balances that one of the environment in which the wood will be used. The building elements of the 'Wood Living System™" system are made only with perfectly seasoned and certified wood.

By thus combining different technical concepts: heating, cooling, natural ventilation and use of building materials which immediately have a "rest period", not of recent work, and strictly certified one by one, the system "Wood Living System™" has rigorously addressed the concept of "indoor air quality" home comfort which is particularly felt.

Claims

1) Prefabricated building elements (1 , 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90) comprising a first layer (2, 21 , 31 , 41 , 61 , 81 , 95) for exterior finishing, a second insulating layer (3, 25, 34, 44, 64, 82, 92) made up of wood fibre and a third closing layer (4, 26, 36, 46, 66, 81 , 95), characterized in that said prefabricated building elements further comprise a wooden structural element (5, 32, 42, 62) parallel to the mounting axis, suitable for creating ducts (8, 33, 43, 63) for ventilating a building, said ducts being connected to each other from the ground floor up to the roof ridge.

2) Prefabricated building elements (1 , 20, 80, 90) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said first layer (2, 21 , 81 , 95) for exterior finishing and said third closing layer (4, 26, 81 , 95) are offset to each other, so that during the coupling of a first prefabricated building element (1 , 20, 80, 90) with a second prefabricated building element (1 ", 20', 80", 90'), the first layer (2, 21 , 81 , 95) of the first prefabricated building element (1 , 20, 80, 90) protrudes from the latter and partially overlaps on the second prefabricated building element (1\ 20'80', 90'), while the third layer (4', 26', 81', 95') of the second prefabricated building element (1 ', 20', 80', 90") protrudes from the latter and partially overlaps on the first prefabricated building element (1 , 20, 80, 90).

3) Prefabricated building element (1 , 20, 80, 90) according to claim 1 o 2, characterized in that said first layer (2, 21 , 81 , 95) for exterior finishing is made up of larch wood, preferably milled according to a predetermined pattern.

4) Prefabricated building element (1 , 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90) according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that said third closing layer (4, 26, 36, 46, 66, 81 , 95) is made up of wooden material of OSB type.

5) Prefabricated building element (1 , 20, 80, 90) according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that said wooden structural element (5) is located at the junction between two prefabricated building elements (1 , 20, 80, 90) and has two notches (9) for the inclusion of said third closing layer (4, 26, 81 , 95), in order to close the respective prefabricated building elements (1 , 20, 80, 90) to be coupled.

6) System for the construction of buildings, characterized in that said system uses at least one type of the prefabricated building elements according to one of claims 1-5. 7) System for the construction of buildings, according to claim 6, characterized in that said wooden structural element (5, 32, 42, 62) leans against a main structural component (10, 38, 50), a fully equipped first panel (11 , 35) and a second closing panel (15).

8) System for the construction of buildings, according to claim 7, characterized in that said fully equipped first panel ( 1 , 35) comprises at least one of the following:

- wood fibre panels (34, 93),

- cavities (13, 94) for electrics or

- horizontal wooden rods (14).

9) System for the construction of buildings, according to one of the claims 6-8, characterized in that said system comprises an angle joint (100) for a connection of a first vertical prefabricated building element (1 , 20) and a second horizontal prefabricated building element (30), said angle joint (100) comprising a panel (101 ) preferably made up of Eraclit, supporting an elevation structure (102), preferably made up of hollow bricks, said elevation structure (102) providing on its top an "Omega" profile (104), preferably made of steel, for supporting said first prefabricated building element (1 , 20), so that said main structural component (10) is suspended with respect to said second prefabricated building element (30) and said duct (8) of said first prefabricated building element (1 , 20) is in communication with said duct (33) of said second prefabricated building element (30).

10) System for the construction of buildings, according to claim 9, characterized in that said panel (101) leans against a double bituminous sheath (37) and is fixed to said second prefabricated building element (30) by means of anchor brackets (103) made up of stainless steel.