JPH0414538A - High-airtight and heat-insulating structure of wooden housing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a highly airtight and heat-insulating structure by a method in which plate-like heat insulators are formed in two layers, a cushion sheet is placed between the heat insulators, and vertical copper edges are provided to the heat insulators. CONSTITUTION:The heat-insulating structure of a wooden housing is made up of horizontal stands 2, columns 1, and a base 3 by using water-draining steel plates 9 and exterior parts 10. A cushion sheet 4 is placed on the outer faces of shafts 1 and 2, the ends of the sheet 4 are lapped near the columns 1 and fixed to the columns 1 by staples 5. Two layers of heat-insulating plates 6 and 7 are provided on the sheet 4 and vertical copper edges 8 are provided to the outer face of the heat-insulating plate 7. Highly airtight living space can thus be obtained, the efficiency of construction work can be raised, and the period of construction can also be shortened.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a highly airtight insulation structure for a wooden house using a wooden frame construction method.

(Prior Art) In recent years, interest in the thermal insulation structure of wooden houses has been increasing, along with demands for improved livability and the need for energy conservation.

In particular, in cold regions, high insulation is progressing, and insulation structures suitable for each method have been proposed and adopted for wooden houses constructed using various construction methods.

However, with either construction method, when the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors becomes large, such as in cold regions, the warm air inside the walls can
It moves outdoors through gaps in ceilings, floors, etc., and conversely, cold air from outdoors enters indoors, reducing insulation efficiency and even causing condensation inside walls and attics.

Therefore, a highly airtight structure that prevents such air inflow and outflow is desired.

In the in-wall insulation method of conventional framework construction, a fibrous insulation material is loaded between the structural members that make up the frame, and a moisture barrier layer that also serves as an airtight layer is constructed inside the frame to make it airtight. ing. However, in this case, the effective ventilation opening area per floor area is 9 cva''/m''. This poor airtightness is due to the fact that, due to its structure, it is difficult to continuously apply such an airtight layer at the joints of walls, ceilings, and floors.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) On the other hand, in the so-called external insulation method in which plate-shaped foamed plastic insulation material is stretched on the outside of the building frame, multiple layers of plate-shaped insulation material are provided, and the joints of each layer are staggered. By doing this, the gaps between the joints are reduced and airtightness is achieved. This external insulation method has the advantage that the plate-shaped foamed plastic insulation material is stretched from the outside of the building frame, so it is easy to install without being hindered by the structural materials of the building frame, and the insulation material can be applied seamlessly.

However, even in this case, roofs and walls, openings such as windows and walls,
Gaps tend to form at the joints between the foundation and the foundation, and there are also changes over time such as drying of the wood and shrinkage of the board-shaped insulation material, so the effective opening area per floor area is 20 to 5.0 cm'/m. (Average 3.OC is /■3).

Therefore, as a moisture barrier layer, it is possible to continuously apply polyethylene film to the outside of the frame such as columns, studs, and rafters to improve airtightness.
Many of the studs are warped or bent, and there are still gaps between the film and the frame, and the effective ventilation opening area per floor area is 1.8 to 3.2 cm (average 2.4 cm).
7m), and its airtightness is still insufficient. Moreover, the film cannot follow the above-mentioned changes over time, and its airtightness is thought to deteriorate further over time.

On the other hand, caulking, resin filling, taping, etc. are applied to joints and joints, but these do not provide fundamental structural solutions.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present inventors believe that in order to achieve high thermal insulation of a wooden house using the frame construction method, it is necessary to close the shaft composition or gaps between insulation materials and gaps between joints. In addition, we focused on the need for a structure that can maintain airtightness regardless of changes in the structure due to aging of the house, and conducted extensive research with the aim of providing a highly airtight insulation structure that satisfies such requirements. As a result, in frame-frame wooden houses insulated using plate-shaped insulation materials, a sheet with cushioning properties is stretched over the insulation structure, and other materials such as plate-shaped insulation materials or flooring materials are placed on top of this sheet. By creating a structure in which members are laid down and the sheet is pressed, the movement of air from indoors to outdoors can be blocked, and unprecedented high airtightness and high thermal insulation can be achieved, leading to the completion of the present invention. Ta.

That is, the present invention provides an insulation structure for a wooden house in which a plate-shaped heat insulating material is stretched on the outside of the shaft part, and an exterior material is further provided on the outside of the shank to form an external insulation system. To provide a highly airtight insulation structure for a wooden house, characterized in that a sheet having cushioning properties is interposed, and the sheet is pressed by a plate-shaped insulation material. This heat insulating structure is suitable for shafts such as pillars and studs of external walls and rafters of roofs.

In addition, the present invention has a structure suitable for floor insulation, in which a heat insulating material is loaded between the joists, a cushioning sheet is laid over the entire surface in contact with the top surface of the joists and the heat insulating material, and the floor material is applied over the top of the joist. To provide a highly airtight heat insulating floor structure for a wooden house formed by laying a certain flooring base material and flooring material.

The plate-shaped heat insulating material used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a heat insulating property, but foams such as polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, phenol resin, and paper and non-woven fabrics in combination with these materials can be used. Examples include laminated products with plastic films, plastic sheets, plywood, etc. Among these, extruded foamed polystyrene plates, such as "Styrofoam" (trade name: manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.) are preferred.

The sheet having cushioning properties used in the present invention may be any sheet that is elastic in the thickness direction. For example, the compressive strength at 50% strain is 1.0 kg/am" according to the compressive strength measurement method according to JIS K6767. The following are preferred, most preferably 0.5kg/Cm”
These are as follows. Examples of such sheets include sheets made of foamed polyethylene such as polyethylene foam sheets and cross-linked polyethylene foam sheets, flexible urethane foam sheets, felt, foam rubber sheets, etc., as well as sheets laminated with plastic films on these sheets. be able to. Among these, it is desirable to use a non-breathable cushioning sheet such as a sheet made of foamed polyethylene or a foamed polyethylene sheet laminated with a polyethylene film or the like. The thickness of this sheet may vary depending on the material of the sheet, but generally 0.5+am
~3ml is preferred.

(Function) The basic idea of the present invention is to interpose a sheet having the above-mentioned cushion in a heat insulating structure, lay other members on top of the sheet, and press the sheet. That is, due to its cushioning properties, the sheet can block air flow through the heat insulating structure, achieve high airtightness, and maintain heat insulating performance. This effect is particularly reliably exerted in the overlapped portion of the cushioning sheets.

(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

In Figure 1, the number 1 is a column, 2 is a horizontal stud, and 3 is a foundation. A cushioned sheet 4 is stretched over the outer surface of these details 1, 2.3. The ends of this sheet 4 are overlapped near the column 1 and fastened to the column 1 with staples 5. On this sheet 4, plate-shaped heat insulating materials 6 and 7 are provided in two layers. However, it goes without saying that if the required insulation performance of the house is low or if one sheet of insulation material is thick, one layer may be sufficient. Further, by providing a vertical rim 8 on the outer surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material 7 and bringing the sheet 4 into close contact with the shaft portion, air flow outward from the shaft portion is blocked and high airtightness is achieved. Then, other materials such as the draining iron plate 9 and the exterior material 10 are provided as appropriate.

Note that, as shown in FIG. 2, even if the sheet 4 with cushioning properties, the plate-shaped heat insulating material 6.7, and the exterior material 10 are placed after the plate-shaped base material 12 is stretched on the outer surface of the shaft portion 1. good. In this case, the plate-like base material 12 may include lumber, plywood, hard fiberboard, soft fiberboard, foamed plastic board, chipboard,
Cement board etc. can be mentioned. By making the plate-like base material of a material with heat insulating properties such as hard foamed plastic, it is also possible to have a structure in which a cushioning sheet 4 is interposed in the multilayer heat insulating material.

Next, referring to FIG. 3, the structure of the wall portion is the same as that in FIG. 1, but the sheet 4 and plate-shaped heat insulating materials 6 and 7 are applied seamlessly up to the roof and foundation. Also,
Number 11 is an interior material, and there is a sealed air layer between the interior material 11 and the sheet 4, and an air layer with ventilation between the plate-shaped heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 10. It is formed.

Furthermore, to explain the roof part in FIG. 3, numeral 19 is a rising beam, 20 is a main building, 22 is a rafter, and 23 is a roof board. A cushioning sheet 24 is laid on the top surface of the field board 23, and two layers of plate-shaped heat insulating material 2 are placed on the top surface of the sheet 24.
6 and 27 are provided. Then, by applying a roofing material 28 to the upper surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material 27, the sheet 24 is pressed against the shedding board 23, and airtightness is improved.

Furthermore, to explain the floor part in FIG. 3, numeral 32 is a joist, and a plate-shaped heat insulating material 36 is provided between the joists 32 with their upper end surfaces aligned, and a cushioning material is provided on the upper surfaces of the joists 32 and the plate-shaped heat insulating material 36. A certain sheet 34 is laid over the entire surface. Then, a flooring material 38 is laid over it and the sheet 34 is pressed against the joists 32 to improve airtightness.

In addition, in FIG. 3, the floor can also be a dirt floor. In this case, after laying the plate-shaped insulation material 44 on the dirt floor,
Concrete will be poured on top of this to provide high insulation.

A wooden house with a building area of 35 to 45 tsubo was constructed according to the configuration shown in FIG. 3 (however, the floor joist 32, sheet 34, plate-shaped heat insulating material 36, and flooring material 38 were not provided and the floor was made of dirt). Note that the cushioning sheets 4 and 24 have a thickness of 0.5o.
A foamed polyethylene sheet with a foaming ratio of 25 times and a thickness of 0
．． A plate-shaped heat insulating material 6. 7.2
6.27 is 50m thick.

Extruded polystyrene foam plate with a width of 91 Onm and a length of 1820 m (product name: Styrofoam IB, manufactured by Dow Kako)
It was used.

The airtightness of this wooden house was determined by attaching a PVC pipe (150mmφ) equipped with a pressurized fan to the window to exhaust air from the room, measuring the airflow with an anemometer, and measuring the airtightness with a differential pressure gauge as shown in Figure 4. The pressure difference between indoor and outdoor was measured, and the effective ventilation opening area was measured using the calculation formula shown in Figure 4.
Publication (1988)” p. 32).

As a result, the average effective ventilation opening area per floor area of this wooden house was 1.38 cm.

On the other hand, instead of the cushioning sheets 4 and 24, the thickness is 0.
．． When a polyethylene film of 1+ nm to 0.15 am and a width of 100 cs++ was used, and the ends of the film were fixed with tape, the airtightness was evaluated in the same manner, and the effective ventilation opening area was 2.06 c/s on average.

That is, it can be seen that when the cushioning sheet according to the present invention is used, a considerably higher airtightness can be achieved than when a polyethylene film is used.

Furthermore, in the case of the present invention, the ends do not need to be taped, so construction can be carried out easily and quickly.

On the other hand, when polyethylene film is used,
■Difficult to apply when there is wind; ■Difficult to handle as the edges of the overlap part become fluttery; ■If the width of the overlap part is made smaller, the airtightness becomes worse; a minimum of 10cm is required for the overlap part.Overlap part of 0.10cm. When removed, there are problems such as the edges become fluttery and require more double-sided tape or packing tape than necessary, they tear easily, and it takes a lot of time and effort on the part of the carpenter. Ta.

(Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, according to the present invention, the cushioning sheet is continuously stretched on the outside of the pillars and studs on the wall part, and on the outside of the roof board and rafters on the roof part, By simply covering the outside with plate-shaped insulation material, you can create a highly airtight living space, improve construction efficiency, and shorten work time. In the above embodiments, a case where two layers of heat insulating material are used has been described, but it goes without saying that the present invention is more effective in making a one-layer structure airtight in which air easily flows through gaps between the heat insulating materials.

In addition, the floor part can be easily made highly airtight by laying a cushioning sheet above the joists and pressing it down with flooring material from above.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention, in which the sheet 4 is shown as being transparent, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views showing other embodiments of the present invention, respectively. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the airtightness measuring method used in the embodiment of the present invention together with a calculation formula. In addition, in the drawing, 1... Column, 2... Horizontal stud, 3... Foundation, 4.24
．． 34... Sheet with cushioning properties, 5... Stapler 6, 7, 26, 27, 36, 44... Plate-shaped heat insulating material, 8... Vertical rim, 9... Draining iron plate, 10...
・Exterior material, 11...Interior material, 12...Plate base material,
19... Climb beam, 2o... Main house, 22... Rafter,
23... Roofing board, 28... Roofing material, 32... Joist, 38... Flooring material. Agent Masahiro Miyake (1 other person) Figure Figure Cyrisk

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) In the insulation structure of a wooden house where a plate-shaped insulating material is stretched outside the shaft part and an exterior material is further provided on the outside of the insulation structure for external insulation, cushioning properties are added to the inside of the plate-shaped insulating material. 1. A highly airtight insulation structure for a wooden house, characterized in that the sheet is pressed by a plate-shaped insulation material. (2) The highly airtight insulation structure according to claim 1, wherein the shaft portion is a column and stud of an outer wall or/and a rafter of a roof. (3) Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plate-shaped base material is stretched on the outside of the shaft portion, and a plate-shaped heat insulating material is stretched on the outside of the base material.
Highly airtight insulation structure. (4) The highly airtight heat insulating structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sheet having cushioning properties is non-breathable. (5) The highly airtight heat insulating structure according to claim 4, wherein the non-breathable cushioning sheet is made of foamed polyethylene. (6) The highly airtight heat insulating structure according to claim 4, wherein the non-breathable cushioning sheet is a cushioning sheet laminated with a plastic film. (7) A highly airtight insulated floor for a wooden house made by loading insulation material between the joists, laying a cushioning sheet over the entire surface in contact with the top surface of the joist and the insulation material, and then laying flooring material over it. structure.