JP2010242332A - Concrete composite structure and method for constructing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a concrete composite structure which has robustness by increasing the ratio of infilling a hydraulic composition such as hydraulic slurry into a space between a foundation base and a base plate, and a method for constructing the concrete composite structure. <P>SOLUTION: This method for constructing the concrete composite structure includes: a step of fixing a base plate A1 onto the foundation base 9; a step of arranging a form 2; a step of arranging a hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4; a step of arranging an air vent pipe; a step of forming a hydraulic mortar-filled portion 7 by infilling hydraulic mortar 3 into a gap between the base plate A1 and the form 2; a step of injecting and infilling the hydraulic slurry 8 into a space 6 to be filled, from the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4; and a step of forming at least a part of a hardened portion of the hydraulic composition by hardening the hydraulic slurry 8. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a concrete composite structure construction method that can be used for construction of seismic isolation buildings and the like.

  In order to obtain a base-isolated building, a structure in which an isolator is arranged on a base plate is used. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes a construction standard applied to the construction of a base-isolated building. When constructing a base-isolated building, it is necessary to fill the lower part of the base plate with high-strength concrete to support the load of the structure. Specifically, Non-Patent Document 1 describes the following. When filling concrete in the lower part of the base plate, a hole for placing concrete (concrete filling hole) is required in the center. In addition, when placing concrete in the lower part of the base plate, it is placed so as to push air outward from the central part. However, since air is easily trapped in the middle, several air vent holes (about 30φ) are provided. In addition, in the case of grout filling, construction is similarly performed toward the other side with one push, but an appropriate air vent is also provided. In addition, when adopting the grout method, concrete is placed on the rising foundation leaving a gap of about 30-50mm between the lower plate (lower base plate), and then the non-shrinking mortar is filled in the gap. Do.

On the other hand, Patent Literature 1 describes a highly filled concrete material, a reinforced concrete structure and a steel concrete composite member using the highly filled concrete material. Specifically, Patent Document 1 discloses cement and blast furnace slag fine particles having a brane specific surface area of 5,000 to 10,000 cm ² / g and a replacement ratio (weight ratio in the binder) of 45 to 90%. Water having a water binder ratio (weight ratio of water to binder) of 25 to 40% and a surfactant in an amount necessary to obtain a slump flow value of 59 cm or more are added to the binder made of powder. By providing the material separation resistance that achieves 98% or more of the filling rate represented by the filling rate of the boundary portion with the upper surface formwork of the concrete filled in the formwork without compaction. Characteristic highly filled concrete materials are described.

  In Patent Document 2, when the lower surface of the base isolation device main body is received and attached to the lower base plate, a recess is provided in the base isolation floor main body mounting portion of the foundation concrete floor, and a support material is provided above the recess. Is temporarily fixed, and the lower base plate is temporarily fixed under the support material, and a plurality of anchor bolts are suspended on the lower surface of the lower base plate, and the concrete is removed from the concrete filling holes formed in the lower base plate. The lower base plate is fixed by pouring concrete into the recess and the lower surface of the lower base plate, and then the support material is removed and the lower surface of the seismic isolation device main body is attached to the upper surface of the lower base plate. The installation method of the seismic isolation device is described. Patent Document 2 describes that a concrete filling hole is formed in the center of the lower base plate.

  In Patent Document 3, in a method of attaching a seismic isolation device on a concrete foundation, a plurality of cap nuts are attached to the peripheral surface, a stud bolt or the like is attached to the lower side of the cap nut, and the seismic isolation device is installed on the upper side. A steel pipe having a short material length to which bolts are attached is supported on a bottom position of the seismic isolation device by a support frame, a concrete foundation is assembled, concrete is placed, and the concrete foundation is constructed; and Placing a non-shrinking high-strength mortar inside, finishing the top surface horizontally, installing a seismic isolation device on the non-shrinking high-strength mortar, and fixing the lower flange plate with the cap nut mounting bolt A method for attaching the base isolation device to the foundation is described. Patent Document 3 describes that, according to the method described in Patent Document 3, a normal concrete placing method can be applied, and no grout pouring work is required as a post-construction.

  In Patent Document 4, a screw hole for fixing the seismic isolation device is provided on one side of the seismic isolation device mounting portion, and the base isolation plate having a plurality of fixing bolts arranged on the opposite surface of the mounting portion is fixed to the foundation. , A seismic isolation device mounting pedestal for placing concrete under a predetermined formwork construction, with some of the fixing bolts provided on the seismic isolation device mounting part as the level adjustment struts of the seismic isolation base plate A method for constructing a base for mounting a base isolation device is described, in which the base isolation base plate is directly fixed to the base and the other fixing bolts are released from the base. The base-isolated base plate described in Patent Document 4 has a plurality of holes that are air vents for preventing air from being blocked between the base-isolated base plate and the concrete when placing concrete under the base-isolated base plate. It is described.

  In Patent Document 5, the installation position of the seismic isolation device installation base is composed of a hollow frame that surrounds the installation position of the installation base and is supported by support legs, and a holding member that is disposed on the upper surface of the hollow frame and has a mounting lower plate attached thereto. A base isolation frame, in which the base frame is placed, and then the base frame concrete is placed by assembling the base frame for the base isolation device, and after the predetermined curing, the base frame and the installation frame are removed. The construction method of the apparatus installation stand is described. Further, in Patent Document 5, the concrete of the foundation is cast up to the upper surface of the hollow frame in the mold, and there is a slight gap between the lower surface of the installation lower plate and the concrete. It is described that it is filled.

  In Patent Document 6, an anchor frame is installed at a site where the seismic isolation device is installed, a reinforcing bar is arranged, a base plate provided with a stud, a cap nut, etc. on the lower surface is fixed to the anchor frame, and concrete placement is performed. In the construction method of installing the seismic isolation device on the upper surface of the base plate, the installation position of the seismic isolation device is provided with a height adjusting bolt, and the reinforcing bar placement position does not compete with the studs and cap nuts provided on the lower surface of the base plate. An anchor frame with markings is installed, a step of adjusting the level of the top end of the bolt for height adjustment in advance, a step of arranging reinforcing bars according to the marking of the anchor frame, and a stud and a cap nut on the lower surface. Place the base plate on the top edge of the height adjustment bolt that has been level adjusted, to the stud of the base plate, The step of abutting the angle provided on the anchor frame side, welding the stud and the angle and positioning, and building the formwork so as to surround the reinforcing bar, and placing the concrete to the lower surface of the base plate And installing the seismic isolation device on the upper surface of the base plate after curing. The method for installing the seismic isolation device is described. Patent Document 6 describes that a form frame is built so as to surround the reinforcing bar, and concrete is placed to the lower surface of the base plate to fix the base plate.

  Patent Document 7 includes a step of fixing a support jig for a hollow pipe on a ground concrete, a step of standing a hollow pipe on the support jig, a step of forming a mold around the hollow pipe, A step of placing foundation concrete in the mold, a step of removing the hollow pipe after the foundation concrete is hardened to form an attachment hole, a step of inserting and positioning an anchor member in the attachment hole, and the attachment A foundation forming method characterized by comprising a step of injecting a fixing material into a hole and fixing the anchor member is described. Patent Document 7 describes that a grout material is injected as a fixing material from a central injection port of the anchor plate.

  Patent Document 8 discloses a placing floor slab or casting form that is installed on a floor support at a predetermined height via an appropriate support member, and the placing floor slab or placing form. Opening portions opened at various points, seismic isolation devices placed on the floor support through the opening portions, anchor bolts directly or indirectly connected to the seismic isolation devices, and the anchors There is described a base-isolated structure comprising a floor slab for embedding bolts or a concrete floor slab that is cast on-site on a casting formwork.

Japanese Patent No. 2997893 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-292668 JP 2000-129953 A JP 2001-012107 A JP 2001-164792 A JP 2001-214636 A JP 2003-301468 A JP 2002-371724 A

Japan Association of Seismic Isolation Structure “JSSI Seismic Isolation Structure Construction Standard 2005” Economic Research Committee, July 15, 2005

  In the case of a base-isolated structure with an isolator arranged on the base plate, conventionally, when filling high-strength concrete at the bottom of the base plate, a hole for placing concrete (concrete filling hole) is provided at the center of the base plate. From which concrete is filled. However, in the case of such a method, there is a problem that a space where the concrete is not filled remains and the filling rate of the concrete is not sufficient.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention increases the filling ratio of a hydraulic composition such as a hydraulic slurry into a space between a base frame and a base plate, thereby providing a robust concrete composite structure and its The purpose is to obtain a construction method.

  The inventors of the present application use hydraulic slurry injection pipes and air vent pipes arranged at predetermined positions when filling hydraulic slurry into the space between the base gantry and the base plate. As a result, the present inventors have found that the filling ratio of the hydraulic composition is increased.

  That is, the present invention includes a foundation gantry, a hydraulic composition cured portion formed on an upper portion of the foundation gantry, a hydraulic mortar filling portion formed at an end of the hydraulic composition cured portion, and a hydraulic composition. A method for constructing a concrete composite structure including a substantially flat base plate A disposed on an upper portion of a hardened portion and a hydraulic mortar filling portion so as to have a space to be filled between the base plate A and the foundation frame. A step (a) of fixing the base plate A on the foundation frame, and a step of arranging the mold so as to surround the end of the space to be filled and to have a gap between the base plate A and the mold (b ), A step (c) of disposing a hydraulic slurry injection tube at one location in the gap between the base plate A and the mold, and a step of disposing an air vent tube at at least one location in the gap between the base plate A and the mold. (D) In order to seal the space to be filled except for the openings of the hydraulic slurry injection pipe and the air vent pipe, the hydraulic mortar filling part is formed by filling the gap between the base plate A and the mold with the hydraulic mortar. Step (e), Step (f) of injecting and filling the hydraulic slurry into the space to be filled from the hydraulic slurry injection tube, and hardening at least a part of the hydraulic composition curing portion by curing the hydraulic slurry. It is the construction method of a concrete composite structure including the process (g) to form.

The preferable aspect of the construction method of this invention is shown below. In the present invention, these embodiments can be appropriately combined.
(1) The step (a) includes providing an anchor frame on the upper surface of the anchor bolt provided on the foundation frame and fixing the base plate A to the anchor frame.
(2) It includes forming a reinforcing bar by arranging reinforcing bars so as to surround the anchor bolt.
(3) A process (b) includes arrange | positioning a formwork so that a reinforcement part may be enclosed.
(4) After the step (b) and before the step (c), by injecting concrete into a part of the space to be filled and hardening it, a part of the hydraulic composition curing part is formed. The step (b ′) is further included.
(5) Step (b ′) includes pouring concrete into 0 to 90% of the volume of the space to be filled.
(6) The step (c) includes disposing the hydraulic slurry injection pipe at one corner of the gap between the polygonal base plate A and the mold.
(7) Step (f) includes injecting the hydraulic slurry using a non-pulsating pump.
(8) The step (f) includes injecting the hydraulic slurry at a hydraulic slurry flow rate of 0.5 to 3.5 m ³ / hour.
(9) The hydraulic slurry is a hydraulic slurry containing cement, fine aggregate, expansion material and fluidizing agent, and the J14 funnel flow-down value in accordance with JSCE F541-1999 is in the range of 6 to 10 seconds. .
(10) The hydraulic mortar is a hydraulic mortar that includes cement, fine aggregate, and an expansion material, and does not include a fluidizing agent. The cured body of the hydraulic mortar has the same characteristics as the cured body of the hydraulic slurry. It is.
(11) After the step (g), the method further includes a step (h) of installing an isolator of the seismic isolation device on the upper surface of the base plate A.

  Moreover, this invention is a concrete composite structure constructed | assembled by the above-mentioned construction method.

  According to the present invention, the filling rate of the hydraulic composition such as hydraulic slurry into the space between the base frame and the base plate can be increased, so that a robust concrete composite structure and its construction method can be obtained. .

It is an upper surface schematic diagram of an example of the concrete composite structure of the present invention immediately before the mold is removed. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the edge part of FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the process (a) of the construction method of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the process (b) of the construction method of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the process (b ') of the construction method of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the process (c) of the construction method of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the process (d) of the construction method of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the process (e) of the construction method of this invention. In the process (e) of the construction method of this invention, it is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of hydraulic slurry injection pipe vicinity. In the process (e) of the construction method of this invention, it is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of air vent pipe vicinity. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the process (f) of the construction method of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the process (f) of the construction method of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the truck for hydraulic slurry preparation and construction. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the surface after demolding in Example 1. It is a photograph figure which shows placement of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the surface after demolding in Example 2. It is a photograph figure which shows the demolding of Example 2. FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the surface after demolding in Comparative Example 1. 6 is a photographic view showing demolding of Comparative Example 1. FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the surface after demolding in Comparative Example 2. FIG. It is a photograph figure which shows the demolding of the comparative example 2.

  The concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention includes a foundation gantry 9, a hydraulic composition cured portion formed on the upper portion of the foundation gantry 9, and a hydraulic mortar formed at an end of the hydraulic composition cured portion. It is a construction method of a concrete composite structure including a filling portion 7 and a substantially flat base plate A1 disposed on top of the hydraulic composition hardening portion and the hydraulic mortar filling portion 7. According to the construction method of the present invention, a solid concrete composite structure can be obtained, and therefore a concrete composite structure in which a high-density hydraulic composition hardened portion needs to be formed between the foundation gantry 9 and the base plate A1. It can be widely used in buildings using the body. The construction method of the present invention can be preferably used particularly for constructing a base-isolated structure of a base-isolated building that requires a robust concrete composite structure.

  The concrete composite structure constructed by the concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention includes a foundation gantry 9, a hydraulic composition curing part, a hydraulic mortar filling part 7, and a base plate A1. In FIG. 1, the upper surface schematic diagram just before the formwork 2 removal of the construction method of this invention is shown. Moreover, the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the edge part of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. The hydraulic composition cured portion obtained by curing the hydraulic composition (concrete 3 and / or hydraulic slurry 8) is formed on the upper part of the foundation frame 9. The hydraulic mortar filling portion 7 obtained by curing the hydraulic mortar is formed at the end of the hydraulic composition cured portion so as to be in contact with the hydraulic composition cured portion. The “end portion of the hydraulic composition cured portion” refers to a side surface of the surface of the hydraulic composition cured portion that is not in contact with the base plate A1 or the foundation frame 9. The base plate A <b> 1 has a substantially flat plate shape and is disposed above the hydraulic composition cured part and the hydraulic mortar filling part 7. According to the construction method of the present invention, a high-density hydraulic composition cured portion can be formed between the foundation gantry 9 and the base plate A1. As a result, a robust concrete composite structure can be obtained. Hereinafter, the construction method of the present invention will be described.

  As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, the construction method of the present invention is a step of fixing the base plate A1 on the base gantry 9 so as to have a filling space 6 between the base plate A1 and the base gantry 9 (a )including. In order to stably install a building on the foundation gantry 9, the surface of the foundation gantry 9 is preferably a horizontal plane.

  In this specification, the “foundation base 9” is a lowermost part that becomes the foundation of the concrete composite structure, and can be formed by placing concrete 3 or the like. In the present specification, the “base plate A1” is a plate-like structure made of a metal material having high rigidity and strength, specifically, steel or the like. Moreover, the magnitude | size of baseplate A1 is suitably selected according to the use of a concrete composite structure. For example, when a seismic isolation device is formed in order to obtain a seismic isolation building, a plate made of steel, generally referred to as a “lower base plate”, corresponds to the base plate A1 of the present invention. The shape of the base plate A1 can be appropriately selected depending on the application, but for example, a plate having a square shape or a disk shape can be used. When the shape of the base plate A1 is a quadrangle, a square plate having a side of about 500 to 3000 mm, preferably about 1000 to 2500 mm can be used.

  In a general “lower base plate”, a through hole for placing concrete 3 (concrete 3 filling hole) is provided in the center of the plate, and a through hole for venting air is provided in the periphery. The base plate A1 used in the construction method of the present invention is It is preferable not to provide these through holes. In the construction method of the present invention, when using the base plate A1 provided with through holes, before the step (f) of injecting and filling the hydraulic slurry 8 into the space 6 to be filled, the concrete 3 is placed and the air is vented. This is because it is necessary to close the through-hole for use.

  In FIG. 3, the fixing method of the base plate A <b> 1 is not shown, but the base plate A <b> 1 is fixed by a known method so as to have the filling space 6 on the foundation frame 9. In this specification, the “filled space 6” is a space between the base plate A1 and the foundation frame 9, and is a space for filling the hydraulic composition. In order to stably install the building on the base plate A1, the base plate A1 is preferably arranged in parallel with the surface of the foundation gantry 9, and the surface of the base plate A1 is preferably a horizontal plane.

  In the step (a) of fixing the base plate A1 on the foundation gantry 9, in order to ensure the fixation of the base plate A1 on the foundation gantry 9, for example, the foundation gantry 9 provided with anchor bolts is used. An anchor frame is provided on the upper surface of the base plate, and the base plate A1 is fixed to the anchor frame. Further, when the base plate A1 is fixed to the anchor frame by this method, in order to further secure the fixation and to make the concrete composite structure more robust, the reinforcing bars are arranged to surround the anchor bolts. It is preferable to form a streak.

  As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, the concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention next encloses the end of the space 6 to be filled and creates a gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2. A step (b) of disposing the mold 2 to include

  In the present specification, “the end portion of the filling space 6” refers to the periphery of the filling space 6 that is a space between the base gantry 9 and the base plate A1 and its peripheral portion. As shown in FIG. 4, the mold 2 is arranged so as to have a gap w between the base plate A <b> 1 and the mold 2. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 4, the mold 2 is separated from the end of the filling space 6 by a distance (gap) w and surrounds the filling space 6 without a break. As will be described later, the gap w only needs to be such that the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 and the air vent pipe 5 can be inserted. Therefore, the gap w is 20 to 100 mm, preferably 30 to 50 mm, and more preferably 35 to 45 mm.

  As the mold 2, a known material such as a material made of wood can be used. The size of the mold 2 is preferably higher than the height h of the filling space 6 in order to ensure injection of the hydraulic slurry 8 into the filling space 6 described later.

  In addition, the height h of the to-be-filled space 6 changes with uses of this concrete composite structure. When using the construction method of the present invention for construction of a seismic isolation building, h = 100 mm to 500 mm, preferably h = 150 mm to 400 mm, more preferably h = 200 mm 300 mm.

  Further, in the case where the reinforcing bar is formed by arranging reinforcing bars so as to surround the anchor bolts of the foundation gantry 9, the reinforcing bars of the reinforcing bars of the foundation gantry 9 are arranged when the formwork 2 is arranged. It is preferable to arrange the mold 2 so as to surround the frame.

  As shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 5, the concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention is followed by the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 after the step (b) of arranging the mold 2. Before the step (c), the method further includes a step (b ′) of forming a part of the hydraulic composition curing portion by injecting the concrete 3 into a part of the filled space 6 and curing it. Is preferred. The to-be-filled space 6 can be filled only with the hydraulic slurry 8 described later. However, filling the concrete 3 before filling the hydraulic slurry 8 is preferable in terms of workability and cost reduction by reducing the amount of the hydraulic slurry 8 used.

  In addition, when forming a part of hydraulic composition hardening part by inject | pouring concrete 3, from the point of workability, it is 0 to 90% of the volume of the to-be-filled space 6, Preferably it is 80 to 90%. It is preferable to inject the concrete 3. This is because if the injection amount of the concrete 3 is small, the cost becomes high, and if the filling amount of the hydraulic slurry 8 is small, it is difficult to fill with high density.

  The injection of the concrete 3 can be performed from the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2. Moreover, the concrete 3 injection hole is provided in the base plate A1, and the concrete 3 can be injected therefrom. When the concrete 3 injection hole is provided in the base plate A1, it is necessary to close the concrete 3 injection hole after the concrete 3 is injected and before the hydraulic slurry 8 is injected into the space 6 to be filled. Therefore, it is preferable not to provide the concrete 3 injection hole in the base plate A1, and to inject the concrete 3 from the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2.

As the concrete 3 to be poured into the space 6 to be filled, known concrete 3 can be used according to the use of the concrete composite structure. Specifically, in the case of using the construction method of the present invention to the construction of the seismic isolation buildings, as the concrete 3 to be injected into the filling space 6, compressive strength 21~60N / mm ^2, preferably 47N / mm ² The slump flow is 45 to 65 cm, preferably 55 cm, and the coarse aggregate has a maximum dimension of 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 mm. The “slump flow” is a slump flow defined in JIS A1150: 2007 “Concrete slump flow test method”.

  As shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 6, the concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention is a step of placing the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 in one place in the gap between the base plate A <b> 1 and the mold 2. (C) is included. By disposing the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 only at one place, the hydraulic slurry 8 to be injected in the subsequent step (f) can be filled into the filling space 6 so as to gradually spread from one place. As a result, the hydraulic slurry 8 can be filled without a gap, and the filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8 can be increased.

  As the location of the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4, when the planar shape of the base plate A1 is a polygon, it is preferably arranged at one corner of the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2. The corner portion refers to a portion corresponding to the apex of the polygon or its peripheral portion when the planar shape of the space 6 to be filled is a polygon because the base plate A1 is a polygon such as a quadrangle. In the example of the plan view shown in FIG. 1, the planar shape of the base plate A1 is a quadrangle, and the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 is arranged around the portion corresponding to the vertex of the lower left quadrangle in FIG. By disposing the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 at the corner, the hydraulic slurry 8 to be injected in the subsequent step (f) can be filled into the filling space 6 so as to gradually spread from one corner. . As a result, since the filling of the hydraulic slurry 8 into the corners can be ensured, the filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8 can be more reliably increased.

  The kind and shape of the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 can be selected as appropriate. Since the hydraulic slurry 8 can be injected efficiently, the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 can be hose-shaped. In this case, the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 has an inner diameter of 10 to 50 mm, preferably 20 to 30 mm, and an outer diameter of 20 to 60 mm, preferably 25 to 35 mm. Since pressure is applied during the injection of the hydraulic slurry, the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 is preferably a pressure hose.

  In the step (c) of arranging the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4, one end of the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 is positioned in the filling space 6 and the other end is positioned outside the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2. In addition, the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 is disposed at one place in the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2. The length of the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 needs to be appropriately selected depending on the length of the gap w between the base plate A1 and the mold 2 and the length of the connecting portion of the slurry hose. Specifically, the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 having a length of 200 to 1000 mm, preferably 300 to 500 mm, more preferably 350 to 450 mm can be used.

  The end located outside the gap of the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 is connected to a slurry hose, and hydraulic slurry can be injected via the slurry hose. The slurry hose can be further connected to a hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck to inject hydraulic slurry prepared at the construction site using the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck.

  As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 7, in the concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention, the air vent pipe 5 is then provided at least at one place, preferably at a plurality of places in the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2. Placing (d). In the case where the air vent pipes 5 are arranged at a plurality of locations, when the hydraulic slurry 8 is injected in the subsequent step (f), the hydraulic slurry 8 is gradually filled so as to gradually expand. It is preferable because air can be appropriately removed from a plurality of locations. As a result, the hydraulic slurry 8 can be filled without a gap, and the filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8 can be increased. The step (d) of disposing the air vent tube 5 can be performed before, simultaneously with, or after the step (c) of disposing the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4.

  In the case where the air vent pipes 5 are arranged at a plurality of places, it is preferable that the air vent pipes 5 are arranged at a plurality of positions at equal intervals in the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2 as the arrangement place of the air vent pipes 5. In order to reliably remove air from the filling space 6 during the injection of the hydraulic slurry 8, the arrangement interval of the air vent pipe 5 can be set to 200 to 1000 mm, preferably 300 to 800 mm, more preferably 400 to 600 mm. .

  The type and shape of the air vent pipe 5 can be selected as appropriate. In order to extract air reliably, the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 can be a hose-shaped one. The inner diameter of the air vent pipe 5 in this case may be a diameter that allows air to be smoothly extracted. Specifically, a diameter of 5 to 30 mm, more preferably 10 to 20 mm can be used. Further, the outer diameter of the vent tube 5 is 8 to 30 mm, preferably 15 to 25 mm.

  In the step (d) of disposing the air vent pipe 5, the base plate A1 is arranged such that one end of each air vent pipe 5 is located in the filling space 6 and the other end is located outside the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold frame 2. An air vent pipe 5 is arranged in the gap between the mold 2 and the mold 2. Therefore, the length of the air vent pipe 5 needs to be appropriately selected in consideration of the length of the gap w between the base plate A1 and the mold 2 and the workability when forming the hydraulic mortar filling portion 7. It is. Specifically, the length of the air vent pipe 5 is 200 to 1000 mm, preferably 300 to 500 mm, more preferably 350 to 450 mm.

  As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, the concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention is for sealing the filled space 6 except for the openings of the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 and the air vent pipe 5. And a step (e) of forming a hydraulic mortar filling portion 7 by filling the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2 with hydraulic mortar. Since hydraulic slurry injection pipes 4 and 4 are arranged in the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, the hydraulic mortar is added to the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4. The hydraulic mortar filling portion 7 is formed so as to cover the side surface and not be embedded at both ends. Further, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 10, the hydraulic mortar covers the side surfaces of the air vent pipe 5 and both ends similarly in the air vent pipe 5 arranged in the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold 2. The hydraulic mortar filling portion 7 is formed so as not to be embedded. When the base plate A1 has a through hole, it is necessary to close the through hole during this step (e). As a result, the filling space 6 is sealed except for the openings of the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 and the air vent pipe 5.

  The hydraulic mortar used in the construction method of the present invention is preferably a hydraulic mortar containing cement, fine aggregate, and expansion material, and not containing a fluidizing agent. Since the fluidity of the hydraulic mortar is low, the filled space 6 can be reliably sealed. Moreover, as for the hydraulic mortar used for the construction method of this invention, it is preferable that the hardening body of a hydraulic mortar has the same characteristic as the hardening body of the hydraulic slurry 8. FIG. In that case, the cured body of the hydraulic mortar can also contribute to imparting strength to the concrete composite structure as part of the cured portion of the hydraulic composition. The “same characteristics” means that the mechanical characteristics of the cured body such as compressive strength and expansion coefficient are the same values.

  Next, the construction method of the concrete composite structure of the present invention includes the step (f) of injecting and filling the hydraulic slurry 8 from the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 into the filling space 6. As shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 11, the concrete 3 does not exist after the part of the hydraulic composition cured portion has already been formed by injecting the concrete 3 into the filled space 6 and curing it. The hydraulic slurry 8 is injected into the space 6 from the hydraulic slurry injection tube 4 and filled. In addition, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 12, when the concrete 3 is not hardened in the filling space 6, the hydraulic slurry 8 is supplied from the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 to the entire filling space 6. Fill and fill.

  In the construction method of the concrete composite structure of the present invention, the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 is disposed only at one place in the gap between the base plate A1 and the mold frame 2, so that the hydraulic slurry 8 is added as shown in FIG. The filling space 6 can be filled so as to gradually spread from one outlet of the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4. As a result, the hydraulic slurry 8 can be filled without a gap, and the filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8 can be increased. In addition, since the air vent pipes 5 are disposed in at least one place, preferably a plurality of places, in the filled space 6, the filled space 6 can be surely removed with the injection of the hydraulic slurry 8. Therefore, when the construction method of the present invention is used, the filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8 into the space 6 to be filled can be increased.

  In the step (f) of injecting and filling the hydraulic slurry 8, it is preferable to use a non-pulsating pump when injecting the hydraulic slurry 8. In this case, since the hydraulic slurry 8 can be injected at a constant speed without pulsation, the injection of the hydraulic slurry 8 into the filling space 6 becomes smooth, and the filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8 is increased. can do.

Further, in the step (f) of injecting and filling the hydraulic slurry 8, the flow rate of the hydraulic slurry 8 at the time of injection is 0.5 to 3.5 m in order to reliably obtain a high filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8. ³ / hour, preferably 1 to ³ m ³ / hour.

  Further, in order to efficiently fill the hydraulic slurry 8 into the filling space 6, the viscosity of the hydraulic slurry 8 is preferably 0.8 to 15.0 Pa · sec, and is preferably 1.0 to 10. More preferably, it is 0 Pa · sec. Moreover, it is preferable that the pressure at the time of the filling of the hydraulic slurry 8 is about 0.12 MPa.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the filling speed | rate to the to-be-filled space 6 of the hydraulic slurry 8 is 0.25-2.00 m / sec, and it is more preferable that it is 0.50-1.50 m / sec.

  Further, in order to reliably obtain a high filling rate of the hydraulic slurry 8, it is necessary to appropriately control the fluidity of the hydraulic slurry 8. Therefore, the hydraulic slurry 8 used in the construction method of the present invention is a hydraulic slurry 8 containing cement, fine aggregate, expansion material and fluidizing agent, and is a J14 funnel according to JSCE F541-1999. The flow-down value is preferably in the range of 6 to 10 seconds, and more preferably in the range of 7 to 9 seconds.

  It is preferable that the equipment for preparing and constructing the hydraulic slurry 8 used in the construction method of the present invention is a hydraulic slurry preparing and construction moving equipment mounted on a moving device. As a result, when a large amount of hydraulic slurry 8 is constructed at a large-scale construction site, a stable quality hydraulic slurry 8 can be continuously produced and supplied in large quantities, and high construction efficiency can be obtained. The moving device preferably uses, for example, hydraulic slurry preparation / construction moving equipment (in the example of FIG. 13, hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck 31) as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. The hydraulic slurry preparation and construction truck 31 includes a hydraulic composition storage tank 33 for storing the hydraulic composition 12, a kneading device 16 for continuously kneading the hydraulic composition 12 and the kneaded water, and a hydraulic slurry 21. And the like, and a slurry pump 24 for pumping hydraulic slurry 21 from the reservoir tank 20 and the like. As the slurry pump 24, it is preferable to use a non-pulsating pump.

  As the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction moving facility, any moving device may be used as long as the kneading device 16 or the like can be mounted. As an example of the moving device, an automobile such as a truck, a light vehicle such as a rear car, a towed vehicle, a railway vehicle, and a ship can be used. It is preferable to use a truck as the moving device because it can move to most places on land.

  Next, a method for injecting the hydraulic slurry 8 of the present invention when the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck 31 shown in FIG. 13 is used will be described.

  In the manufacturing plant of hydraulic composition 12, hydraulic composition 12 is manufactured by mixing raw materials such as hydraulic components, fine aggregate having a specific particle size structure, fluidizing agent and expansion material, and preparing hydraulic slurry Fill the hydraulic composition storage tank 33 provided in the construction truck 31. Since the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck 31 has the hydraulic composition storage tank 33, the hydraulic composition 12 is transported to the vicinity of the construction site where the hydraulic composition 12 is loaded and the hydraulic slurry 8 is constructed. be able to.

  After the hydraulic slurry preparation and construction truck 31 is arranged in the vicinity of the construction site, the hydraulic composition 12 is discharged from the lower part of the hydraulic composition storage tank 33 by the screw conveyor and supplied to the hopper 13 by the screw feeder 38. Then, it is quantitatively supplied from the bottom of the hopper 13 to the kneading device 16. At this time, as the hydraulic composition 12 is supplied to the kneading device 16, a predetermined amount of the kneading water 17 is supplied to the kneading device 16. The hydraulic composition 12 and the kneading water 17 are strongly kneaded in the kneading device 16 to prepare a homogeneous hydraulic slurry 21. The supply ratio of the hydraulic composition 12 and the kneading water 17 is adjusted according to the construction conditions for each site and the properties of the hydraulic slurry 8.

  The hydraulic slurry 21 prepared by the kneading device 16 is temporarily stored in the reservoir tank 20 provided in the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck 31 and is installed in the reservoir tank 20 by a stirrer equipped with a stirrer screw 22. Forced agitation curing is performed to stabilize the fluidity of the slurry. The hydraulic slurry 8 is pumped by a slurry pump 24 mounted on a hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck 31, and continuously pumped to a construction site via a slurry hose 45 connected to a hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4. Supplied and installed and constructed.

  In the concrete composite structure construction method of the present invention, next, the hydraulic slurry 8 filled in the filling space 6 as described above is cured to form at least a part of the hydraulic composition curing portion ( g). The hydraulic composition curing part can be composed of a part obtained by curing the hydraulic slurry 8 and a part obtained by curing the hydraulic mortar filling part 7. Further, the hydraulic composition curing portion can be composed of a portion where the concrete 3 is cured, a portion where the hydraulic slurry 8 is cured, and a hydraulic mortar filling portion 7.

  Note that the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 and the air vent pipe 5 used in the construction method of the present invention can be left in the hydraulic mortar filling portion 7 as they are. However, from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the concrete composite structure, it is preferable that after the hydraulic slurry 8 is cured, the hydraulic slurry injection pipe 4 and the air vent pipe 5 are extracted and filled with a predetermined hydraulic mortar.

  The concrete composite structure obtained by the construction method of the present invention described above can be used for construction of a seismic isolation building. When the concrete composite structure of the present invention is used for the construction of a base-isolated building, the base plate is formed after the step (g) of forming at least a part of the hydraulic composition cured portion by curing the hydraulic slurry 8. The method further includes a step (h) of installing an isolator of the seismic isolation device on the upper surface of A1. A well-known device can be used as the seismic isolation device.

  By the construction method of the present invention described above, a concrete composite structure in which the hydraulic composition cured portion is formed in the space 6 to be filled with almost no gap as shown in the schematic sectional view of FIG. 2 can be obtained. The concrete composite structure constructed by the construction method of the present invention is robust and can be used for construction of seismic isolation buildings and the like.

  The construction method of the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

  An experimental apparatus was manufactured using a grout material for sealing to form a base plate and a hydraulic mortar filling portion. Further, as a hydraulic slurry, a predetermined pouring grout material was filled in accordance with the construction method of the present invention, and the filling rate of the pouring grout material (hydraulic slurry) was measured.

As concrete for producing the experimental apparatus, a compressive strength of 47 N / mm ² , a slump flow of 55 cm, and a coarse aggregate having a maximum dimension of 20 mm were used.

<Grouting material for sealing (for forming hydraulic mortar filling part)>
“U grout pad” (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) was used as a sealing grout material.

The raw material of the sealing grout material (for U grout pad) is as follows.
1) Hydraulic component:
Portland cement (ordinary cement, manufactured by Ube Mitsubishi Cement Co., Ltd., Blaine specific surface area 4500 cm ² / g) was used. The evaluation method of the specific surface area is measured using a brain air permeation device defined in JIS R-5201.

2) Fine aggregate:
Fine aggregate (1) is prepared by mixing silica sands AB.
Silica sand A: SS5A, manufactured by Ube Sand Industry Co., Ltd.
-Silica sand B: S6, Ube sand industry company make.
Fine aggregate (2) is prepared by mixing silica sands D to F.
Silica sand D: Kawatetsu No. 4, manufactured by Kawatetsu Mining Co., Ltd.
Silica sand E: N50, manufactured by Ashiya Company.
Silica sand F: N70, manufactured by Ashiya Company.
Table 1 shows the particle size composition of silica sands A, B, and D to F measured using a sieve.

3) Expansion material:
Inorganic expansion material: Asano dibucar (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement).
Metal expandable material: aluminum powder (particle size 44 μm or less, 60% or more, manufactured by Daiwa Metal Powder Industry Co., Ltd.).

  4) Thickener: Methylcellulose thickener, High Euros (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.)

<Grouting material for injection (hydraulic slurry)>
As a grout material for injection (hydraulic slurry), “U grout for general use” (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) was used. The standard items and the standard value at 20 ° C. of the grout material for injection (for U grout for general use) are as follows.
Kneading water ratio: 14.8 to 18.4%
J14 funnel value: 8 ± 2 seconds Bleeding rate: 2% or less (after 2 hours)
Setting time: 1 hour or more from the start, within 10 hours from the end Expansion rate: No contraction (after 7 days)
Compressive strength: 25.0 N / mm ² or more (3 days), 45.0 N / mm ² or more (28 days)

The raw material of the grout material for injection (U grout for general use) is as follows.
1) Hydraulic component:
Portland cement (Haya strong cement, manufactured by Ube Mitsubishi Cement Co., Ltd., Blaine specific surface area 4500 cm ² / g) was used. The evaluation method of the specific surface area is measured using a brain air permeation device defined in JIS R-5201.

2) Fine aggregate:
Fine aggregate (1) is prepared by mixing silica sands A to C.
Silica sand A: SS5A, manufactured by Ube Sand Industry Co., Ltd.
-Silica sand B: S6, Ube sand industry company make.
Silica sand C: S7, manufactured by Ube Sand Industries.
Fine aggregate (2) is prepared by mixing silica sands D to F.
Silica sand D: Kawatetsu No. 4, manufactured by Kawatetsu Mining Co., Ltd.
Silica sand E: N50, manufactured by Ashiya Company.
Silica sand F: N70, manufactured by Ashiya Company.
Table 1 shows the particle size composition of silica sands A to F measured using a sieve.

3) Expansion material:
Inorganic expansion material: Asano dibucar (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement).
Metal expandable material: aluminum powder (particle size 44 μm or less, 60% or more, manufactured by Daiwa Metal Powder Industry Co., Ltd.).

4) Water reducing agent:
Fluidizer a: Modified polycarboxylic acid-based fluidizer, Melflax AP101F (manufactured by BASF Pozzolith).
-Fluidizer b: Naphthalene sulfonic acid-based fluidizer, Mighty 100 (manufactured by Kao Corporation).
-Fluidizing agent c: Polycarboxylic acid-based fluidizing agent, Mighty 21P (manufactured by Kao Corporation).
Fluidizer d: Polyether-polycarboxylic acid fluidizer, Melflask VP2651 (manufactured by BASF Pozzolith).
Fluidizer e: Polyether / polycarboxylic acid fluidizer, Melflask VP2641 (manufactured by BASF Pozzolith).

<Test method>
The filling of the grout material for injection in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was performed as follows, and the porosity of the obtained cured body was calculated. Table 2 shows the experimental conditions of the examples and comparative examples. The slump flow described in Table 2 is an actual measurement value measured when manufacturing the experimental apparatus.

<Example 1>
In order to visually observe the state of hydraulic slurry injection according to the method of the present invention, the base plate used in Example 1 was a rectangular acrylic plate having no through holes. The grout material for injection (hydraulic slurry) is injected between the upper surface of the steel plate and the lower surface of the base plate (acrylic plate), and the depth of the space to be filled (distance between the upper surface of the steel plate and the lower surface of the base plate) is 40 mm. It was. After installation of the acrylic plate to be the base plate, one hydraulic slurry injection tube (inner diameter 25 mm, outer diameter 30 mm) was placed at the corner (near one apex of the square-shaped filling space). A plurality of air vent pipes (inner diameter: 15 mm, outer diameter: 18 mm, length: 400 mm) were arranged on each side of the space to be filled so that the interval was about 500 mm. Next, a hydraulic mortar filling portion was formed using a filler grout material (for forming a hydraulic mortar filling portion). Thereafter, the hydraulic slurry injection tube was connected to the slurry hose of the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck, and an injection grout material (U grout general use) was injected from the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck. Through the acrylic plate serving as the base plate, the grout material for injection was injected from the hydraulic slurry injection tube, and it was possible to visually observe how it gradually spread without any gaps. After the grout material was cured, the base plate was peeled off, and the void ratio was calculated from the void ratio on the surface.

<Example 2>
The base plate used in Example 2 was a rectangular steel plate without through holes. Before pouring the grout material (hydraulic slurry) for pouring, concrete was poured at a depth of 210 mm, and the depth of the space to be filled (distance between the upper surface of the hardened concrete body and the lower surface of the base plate) was 40 mm. After the concrete was hardened, one hydraulic slurry injection tube (inner diameter 25 mm, outer diameter 30 mm) was placed at the corner (near one apex of the quadrangular filled space). A plurality of air vent pipes (inner diameter: 15 mm, outer diameter: 18 mm, length: 400 mm) were arranged on each side of the space to be filled so that the interval was about 500 mm. Next, a hydraulic mortar filling portion was formed using a filler grout material (for forming a hydraulic mortar filling portion). Thereafter, the hydraulic slurry injection tube was connected to the slurry hose of the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck, and an injection grout material (U grout general use) was injected from the hydraulic slurry preparation / construction truck. After the grout material was cured, the base plate was peeled off, and the void ratio was calculated from the void ratio on the surface.

<Comparative Example 1>
For comparison, a hydraulic slurry was filled into the filled space using a conventional method. In the case of this method, a base plate having a through hole (concrete filling hole) is used, concrete is placed 210 mm on the foundation frame, and the depth of the space to be filled (the distance between the upper surface of the hardened concrete body and the lower surface of the base plate). ) Was 40 mm. After the concrete was hardened, hydraulic slurry was filled from the concrete filling hole. The porosity was calculated in the same manner as in the example.

<Comparative example 2>
For comparison, only a concrete was filled using a conventional method without using a hydraulic slurry. In the case of this method, a base plate having through holes (concrete filling holes) was used. Concrete was filled from the concrete filling hole into the space to be filled between the foundation frame and the lower surface of the base plate (the depth of the space to be filled is 250 mm). The porosity was calculated in the same manner as in the example.

<Test results>
The test results are shown in FIGS. FIG. 14 shows the results of Example 1 (surface after demolding). FIG. 15 shows the placement situation of the first embodiment. The porosity of Example 1 was a low value of 0.79%, and a high-density hydraulic composition cured body could be formed. Similarly, a low porosity could be obtained in Example 2 (FIGS. 16 and 17). On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Example 1 (FIGS. 18 and 19), the porosity is as high as 15.04%. Similarly, in Comparative Example 2 (FIGS. 20 and 21), the porosity is 8% or more. It became. From the above results, it was revealed that a hydraulic composition cured body having a high filling rate can be obtained by using the construction method of the present invention.

1: Base plate A
2: Formwork 3: Concrete 4: Hydraulic slurry injection pipe 5: Air vent pipe 6: Filled space 7: Hydraulic mortar filling part 8: Hydraulic slurry 9: Foundation frame 12: Hydraulic composition 13: Hopper 16: Kneading device (mixer)
20: Reservoir tank 21: Hydraulic slurry 22: Stirrer screw 24: Slurry pump (snake pump)
31: Hydraulic slurry preparation and construction truck 32: Hydraulic composition supply port 33: Hydraulic composition storage tank 38: Screw feeder 39: Cooling water tank 40: Water supply pump 41: Water supply pipe 45: Slurry hose w: size of the gap between the base plate A and the formwork h: height of the filling space

Claims (13)

Foundation frame, hydraulic composition cured part formed on top of foundation frame, hydraulic mortar filling part formed at end of hydraulic composition cured part, hydraulic composition cured part and hydraulic mortar A method for constructing a concrete composite structure including a substantially flat base plate A disposed on an upper portion of a filling portion,
A step (a) of fixing the base plate A on the foundation frame so as to have a filling space between the base plate A and the foundation frame;
A step (b) of arranging the mold so as to surround an end of the space to be filled and to have a gap between the base plate A and the mold;
A step (c) of disposing a hydraulic slurry injection tube at one location in the gap between the base plate A and the mold;
A step (d) of disposing an air vent pipe in at least one of the gaps between the base plate A and the mold; and
A step of filling a gap between the base plate A and the mold frame with a hydraulic mortar to form a hydraulic mortar filling portion in order to seal the filled space except for the openings of the hydraulic slurry injection pipe and the air vent pipe. (E) and
A step (f) of injecting and filling the hydraulic slurry into the space to be filled from the hydraulic slurry injection tube;
And a step (g) of forming at least a part of the hydraulic composition cured portion by curing the hydraulic slurry.   The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the step (a) includes providing an anchor frame on an upper surface of an anchor bolt provided on the foundation frame and fixing the base plate A to the anchor frame.   The construction method according to claim 2, comprising forming a reinforcing bar by arranging reinforcing bars so as to surround the anchor bolt.   The construction method according to claim 3, wherein the step (b) includes arranging a mold so as to surround the reinforcing bar portion.   After the step (b) and before the step (c), a step of forming a part of the hydraulic composition curing portion by injecting concrete into a part of the space to be filled and curing it ( The construction method according to claim 1, further comprising b ′).   The construction method according to claim 5, wherein the step (b ′) includes pouring concrete into 0 to 90% of the volume of the space to be filled.   The construction according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the step (c) includes disposing the hydraulic slurry injection pipe at one corner of the gap between the polygonal base plate A and the mold. Method.   The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein step (f) includes injecting hydraulic slurry using a non-pulsating pump. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the step (f) includes injecting the hydraulic slurry at a hydraulic slurry flow rate of 0.5 to 3.5 m ³ / hour.   The hydraulic slurry is a hydraulic slurry containing cement, fine aggregate, expansion material and fluidizing agent, and has a J14 funnel flow-down value in the range of 6 to 10 seconds in accordance with JSCE F541-1999. The construction method according to any one of 1 to 9.   The hydraulic mortar is a hydraulic mortar that includes cement, fine aggregate, and an expansion material, and does not include a fluidizing agent, and the cured body of the hydraulic mortar has the same characteristics as the cured body of the hydraulic slurry. The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.   The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a step (h) of installing an isolator of a seismic isolation device on the upper surface of the base plate A after the step (g).   The concrete composite structure constructed | assembled by the construction method as described in any one of Claims 1-12.