JP2010173022A - Control device of machine tool, and shifting control method of tool rest - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To shorten a series of tool exchange operation time further in a turret tool rest. <P>SOLUTION: Time t4 taken for the tool rest 22 to move from a retraction position of the turret tool rest 22 to a boundary of an indexable range by means of approach operation and time T1 taken for indexing operation of the turret after retraction operation of the tool rest 22 completes are calculated to set the start timing of the approach operation of the tool rest 22 to complete the indexing operation at the same as or before the timing when the tool rest 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable range by the approach operation to overlap the turret indexing operation during the approach operation of the tool rest 22, and the indexing operation is always completed before the tool rest 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable range by the approach operation, thus simultaneously performing the turret indexing operation to the end with the approach operation of the tool rest 22 without stopping the approach operation once in the way. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool control device and a turret movement control method, and particularly suitable for use in a machine tool control device that performs control so that a rapid feed operation of a turret and an indexing operation of a turret are performed simultaneously. It is.

  In general, a machine tool such as an automatic lathe has a configuration including a headstock having a spindle for detachably holding a workpiece (workpiece) and a tool post for holding a plurality of types of tools for machining the workpiece. ing. In the Swiss type automatic lathe, a headstock having a main shaft is installed so as to be movable in the Z1 axis direction parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft. In addition, a guide bush is installed in front of the main shaft, and is configured to support the tip of the work gripped by the main shaft. A back spindle stock having a back spindle is installed on the opposite side of the spindle stock across the guide bush. The back spindle stock is movable in the Z2 axis direction parallel to the Z1 axis direction.

  Further, around the guide bush, a turret tool post having various kinds of tools as a tool is installed. The turret tool post includes a turret having a plurality of tool mounting surfaces. The turret tool rest is configured such that the tool rest is movable in the X1 axis direction and the Y1 axis direction perpendicular to the Z1 axis direction, and the turret is designed to index any one of a plurality of tools to a predetermined place. Is made pivotable. The indexing of the tool is performed in order of three operations of turret unclamping, turning and clamping. At the time of processing the workpiece, the turret is brought into a turning prevention state (clamped state) by a clamping means such as a mesh joint.

  In the automatic lathe configured as described above, when a tool attached to the turret is selected, the following operation is performed. That is, the automatic lathe control device first issues a command for selecting an arbitrary tool mounting surface (T code representing a tool call command) in the NC (numerical control) program command, and then another tool positioning command as a tool command. (G code representing the tool post movement command) is issued. When the T code command is issued, the tool post retracting operation and the turret indexing operation are performed, and when the next G code command is issued, the tool post approach operation is performed.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 11, when a T code command is issued, the turret is indexed after the turret is moved in the X-axis direction and retracted to a position where the tool and the workpiece do not interfere even if the turret is turned. (Unclamping, turning, and clamping) are performed. Next, when the G code command is issued after the indexing operation is completed, the tool post moves in the X-axis direction to the position designated by the G code command, that is, the position where the workpiece can be processed with the tool. In FIG. 11, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the speed of movement or rotation.

  Conventionally, in order to enable tool change of the turret tool post in a short time, there has been proposed a technique in which the rapid feed operation of the tool post and the indexing operation of the turret are performed simultaneously (for example, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 1). 2). In the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, only the turret unclamping is performed simultaneously when the tool post is retracted. In the machine tool described in Patent Document 2, it is confirmed that the turret has entered the indexable region during the turret retracting operation, and the turret starts to turn. In addition, if the turn is not completed when the turret approaches the indexable area in the subsequent approach action, the approach action is stopped once, and the approach action is resumed after the turn of the turret is completed. I am doing so.

JP 11-300577 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-347887

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, since the tool post and the turret can be unclamped at the same time, the technique is not sufficient for shortening a series of tool change operation times. On the other hand, according to the technique described in Patent Document 2, in addition to simultaneously performing the movement of the tool post and the unclamping of the turret, it is possible to simultaneously perform the turret turning after the unclamping. However, if the turn cannot be completed while the turret is within the turret indexable area, the movement of the turret stops. For this reason, even the technique of Patent Document 2 is still insufficient to shorten a series of tool change operation times.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to make it possible to further shorten a series of tool change operation times in the turret tool post.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, the time required for the tool post to move by the approach operation from the retracted position of the tool post to the boundary of the indexable region (turret approach time), and after the retract operation of the tool post is completed. The time required for the turret indexing operation (turret indexing time) is calculated, and the time when the indexing operation is completed depends on the comparison result between the two times. The start timing of the approach operation of the tool post is set at a timing that is the same as or earlier than the time point when the turret is reached.

  According to the present invention configured as described above, in the series of tool change operations in which the turret retracting operation, the turret indexing operation, and the turret approaching operation are performed, not only the turret retracting operation but also the turret resting The turret indexing operation can be overlapped even during the approaching operation. In addition, since the approach operation start timing is set so that the indexing operation is completed before the tool post reaches the boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation, the approach operation does not stop temporarily, The indexing operation of the turret can be performed simultaneously with the approach operation of the tool post. Thereby, the time which can overlap by the movement operation | movement of a tool post and the indexing operation | movement of a turret can be made longer than before, and it becomes possible to shorten a series of tool change operation time in a turret tool post.

It is a figure which shows the hardware structural example of the machine tool by 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the function structural example of NC apparatus by 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of each tool and workpiece | work attached to the turret tool post. It is a timing chart which shows the example of a setting regarding the start timing of the approach operation | movement of a turret tool post. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of NC apparatus by 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the hardware structural example of the machine tool by 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the function structural example of NC apparatus by 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the overlap state of the retraction | saving operation | movement of a turret tool post and the turret indexing operation, and the turret indexing time. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the overlap state of the retraction | saving operation | movement of a turret tool post and the turret indexing operation, and the turret indexing time. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of NC apparatus by 2nd Embodiment. It is a timing chart which shows the general operation example regarding the retracting operation | movement of a turret tool post, the indexing operation | movement of a turret, and the approach operation | movement of a turret tool post.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a machine tool 100 including an NC apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 100 according to the first embodiment includes an NC device 10 and a movable unit 20. The NC device 10 corresponds to a machine tool control device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a main functional configuration example of the NC device 10.

  First, the hardware configuration of the machine tool 100 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the NC apparatus 10 includes a CPU 11, a ROM 12, a RAM 13, an input unit 14, a display unit 15, and a drive control unit 16. The ROM 12 includes an approach time calculation program storage unit 12a, an index time calculation program storage unit 12b, and an operation start timing setting program storage unit 12c. The RAM 13 includes a machining program storage unit 13a, a clamp / unclamp time storage unit 13b, an approach time storage unit 13c, and an index time storage unit 13d.

  The movable unit 20 includes a spindle stock 21 having a spindle for detachably holding a workpiece (workpiece), and a turret tool post 22 for holding a plurality of types of tools for machining the workpiece. The movable unit 20 includes a Z-axis drive mechanism 21a that drives the headstock 21, an X-axis drive mechanism 22a that drives the turret tool post 22, a Y-axis drive mechanism 22b, a turret rotation drive mechanism 22c, a turret clamp / An unclamp mechanism 22d and a rotary tool drive mechanism 22e are provided.

  The drive control unit 16 of the NC device 10 performs an X-axis drive mechanism 22a, a Y-axis drive mechanism 22b, a Z-axis drive mechanism 21a, and a turret rotation drive according to the control of the CPU 11 based on the machining program stored in the machining program storage unit 13a. The drive of the mechanism 22c, the turret clamp / unclamp mechanism 22d, and the rotary tool drive mechanism 22e is controlled. For example, the drive control unit 16 controls the driving of the X-axis drive mechanism 22a, the turret turning drive mechanism 22c, and the turret clamp / unclamp mechanism 22d, thereby indexing the turret having a plurality of tool mounting surfaces, and the turret The turret tool post 22 on which the turret is installed is controlled to be retracted and approached.

  The Z-axis drive mechanism 21a drives a spindle head movement motor (not shown) so as to move the spindle head 21 in the Z-axis direction parallel to the axial direction of the spindle. The X-axis drive mechanism 22a and the Y-axis drive mechanism 22b drive a tool post movement motor (not shown) so as to move the turret tool post 22 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction.

  The turret turning drive mechanism 22c is a turret turning motor (not shown) for turning the turret in order to index any one of a plurality of tools attached to the turret included in the turret tool post 22 to a predetermined place. Drive. The turret clamp / unclamp mechanism 22d is configured to clamp the clamping means such as the meshing joint when the workpiece is processed so that the turret is prevented from turning, and when changing the tool, the clamping means is unclamped so that the turret can be turned. The turret moving cylinder (not shown) is driven.

  The rotary tool drive mechanism 22e drives a tool rotation motor (not shown) to rotate the rotary tool attached to the turret when processing a workpiece. The plurality of tools installed on the turret include a non-movable tool such as a bite and a rotatable tool such as a drill. When using a rotatable tool such as a drill, the rotary tool drive mechanism 22e rotates the tool. The tool rotation motor and the above-described turret rotation motor may be shared, and the turret rotation and the tool rotation may be performed by one motor.

  The CPU 11 of the NC device 10 executes predetermined processing according to various programs stored in the ROM 12 and the RAM 13. The machining program storage unit 13a of the RAM 13 stores, as machining programs, an NC program created by a programmer and electronic cam data converted from the NC program by a personal computer (not shown).

  The NC program is used when the movable unit 20 is controlled by the NC control method, and includes a G code that represents a movement command for the headstock 21 and the turret tool post 22, a T code that represents a calling command for the tool to be used, and the like. Has a code system. In the NC control method, the CPU 11 reads an NC program one block (row) at a time and sequentially executes a plurality of commands while interpreting the command (NC code).

  On the other hand, the electronic cam data is used when the movable unit 20 is controlled by the electronic cam control method, and the position of the moving axis corresponding to the operation amount of the reference axis is based on the operation amount of the predetermined reference axis. Represents data. For example, the electronic cam data represents the position data of the tool of the turret tool post 22 corresponding to the cumulative rotation angle of the spindle every predetermined time. In the electronic cam control system, when the operation amount of the reference axis reaches the operation amount stored in the electronic cam data, the CPU 11 controls the drive so that the moving axis reaches the position stored corresponding to the operation amount. The unit 16 is controlled.

  The clamping / unclamping time storage unit 13b of the RAM 13 stores in advance a time required for clamping the turret (hereinafter referred to as clamping time) and a time required for unclamping the turret (hereinafter referred to as unclamping time). Since the distance that the turret moves by clamping / unclamping is always the same, the clamping time and unclamping time are fixed values. The clamp / unclamp time storage unit 13b stores this fixed value in advance.

  The approach time calculation program storage unit 12a of the ROM 12 stores an approach time calculation program. This approach time calculation program extends from the position where the turret tool post 22 has been retracted (hereinafter referred to as the retracted position) to the boundary of the area where the turret turns without interfering with the workpiece (hereinafter referred to as indexable area). This is a program for calculating the time for which the turret tool post 22 is moved by the approach operation (hereinafter referred to as the tool post approach time). The CPU 11 and the approach time calculation program storage unit 12a constitute the approach time calculation unit 31 shown in FIG. The approach time storage unit 13 c of the RAM 13 temporarily stores the tool post approach time calculated by the approach time calculation unit 31.

  The index time calculation program storage unit 12b of the ROM 12 stores an index time calculation program. This indexing time calculation program is a program for calculating the time required for the turret indexing operation after completion of the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 (hereinafter referred to as turret indexing time). 2 is constituted by the CPU 11 and the index time calculation program storage unit 12b. The index time storage unit 13 d of the RAM 13 temporarily stores the turret index time calculated by the index time calculation unit 32.

  The operation start timing setting program storage unit 12c of the ROM 12 stores an operation start timing setting program. This operation start timing setting program is a program for setting the start timing of the approach operation of the turret tool post 22. The CPU 11 and the operation start timing setting program storage unit 12c constitute the operation start timing setting unit 33 in FIG.

  The input unit 14 is used by the operator to input various information and give various instructions to the NC apparatus 10. For example, the input unit 14 includes an electronic cam data creation button (not shown) for instructing to convert an NC program into electronic cam data. When the operator operates the electronic cam data creation button, the CPU 11 converts the NC program stored in the machining program storage unit 13a into electronic cam data. The display unit 15 displays various operation screens used when the operator operates the input unit 14.

  Hereinafter, each functional configuration shown in FIG. 2 will be described in detail. In FIG. 2, the approach time calculation unit 31 calculates the tool post approach time required for the turret tool post 22 to move by the approach operation from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the turret indexable region. In the present embodiment, the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 is such that the tool, workpiece, and other components of the machine tool 100 when the turret is turned, no matter how long the tool is attached to the turret. It shall be a fixed position that does not interfere.

  Specifically, the approach time calculation unit 31 includes a movement distance calculation unit 31a and a movement time calculation unit 31b. The movement distance calculation unit 31a calculates a distance s1 from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable area. This distance s1 is a variable value determined by the relationship between the currently selected tool, the next tool selected by the T code command, and the tool existing between these selected tools.

  FIG. 3 is a view showing the positional relationship between each tool attached to the turret of the turret tool post 22 and the workpiece. In FIG. 3, it is assumed that the turret tool post 22 is in the retracted position. In addition, it is assumed that the tool No. 6 is the currently selected tool (existing at a predetermined index position). In this state, when the next tool is called by the T code command, among the tools that sequentially move to the indexing position by turning the turret from the current selected tool to the next selected tool, from the tool mounting surface. The distance between the tip of the tool with the longest protruding length and the workpiece is the distance s1 from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable region.

  For example, it is assumed that the tool No. 9 is called next by the T code command in the state where the tool No. 6 is currently selected. In this case, assuming that the turret turns in the short-circuit direction, the tool that moves to the indexing position by turning the turret from the current selected tool (No. 6) to the next selected tool (No. 9) There are three tool numbers: No. 7, No. 8, and No. 9. Among these, the tool with the longest protrusion length from the tool mounting surface is the tool with the tool number 7. Therefore, the distance between the point A and the workpiece when the point A which is the tip of the tool number 7 is closest to the workpiece is the distance s1 from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable region. It becomes. It is assumed that the tool protrusion length is stored in advance in a protrusion length storage unit (not shown), which is input by the operator operating the input unit 14. The protrusion length storage unit is provided in the RAM 13, for example.

  Further, it is assumed that the tool No. 1 is called next by the T code command in the state where the tool No. 6 is currently selected. In this case, the turning angle is the same whether the turret turns clockwise or turns counterclockwise. In this case, the CPU 11 obtains the maximum protrusion length L1 of each tool that moves to the indexing position when the turret rotates clockwise from the current selected tool (No. 6) to the next selected tool (No. 1). The maximum protrusion length L2 of each tool that moves to the index position when the turret is turned counterclockwise is obtained. Then, the turret is swung to the side with the shortest maximum protrusion length.

  In the example of FIG. 3, the protrusion length from the tool mounting surface of each tool (No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, No. 10, No. 1) that moves to the indexing position when the turret is turned clockwise is The tool No. 7 is the longest, and is obtained as the maximum protrusion length L1 when the protrusion length is clockwise. On the other hand, the protrusion length from the tool mounting surface is the longest among the tools (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) that move to the index position when the turret is turned counterclockwise. Is a tool No. 4 and is obtained as the maximum protrusion length L2 when the protrusion length is counterclockwise.

  In this case, since L1> L2, the CPU 11 controls the drive control unit 16 to turn the turret counterclockwise. The distance between point B and the workpiece when point B, which is the tip of the tool No. 4 tool, is closest to the workpiece is the distance s1 from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable region. It becomes. The movement distance calculation unit 31a calculates the distance s1. Since the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 is fixed, and the turret position and the workpiece position are known, the movement distance calculation unit 31a can calculate the distance s1 from the protruding length L2 of the tool of tool number 4. .

  In addition, although the example which made the range which the front-end | tip part of a tool does not interfere with a workpiece | work considered as an indexable area | region was demonstrated here, it is not limited to this example. For example, when the tip of the tool is closest to the workpiece, the position where the tip is away from the workpiece by a predetermined distance may be used as the boundary of the indexable region. In this case, the distance between the tip of the tool with the longest protrusion length from the tool mounting surface and the position away from the workpiece by a predetermined distance on the turret side is the boundary of the indexable region from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22. Distance s1. Further, when the other turret is provided on the opposite side of the turret tool post 22 with the work sandwiched therebetween, not only the work but also the protrusion of the other tool post and the tip of the tool of the turret tool post 22 do not interfere with each other. The range can also be set as an indexable area.

  The movement time calculation unit 31b moves the distance s1 by the approach operation from the movement distance s1 of the turret tool post 22 calculated by the movement distance calculation unit 31a and the movement speed of the turret tool post 22. The tool post approach time t4 required for the calculation is calculated. Then, the calculated tool post approach time t4 is stored in the approach time storage unit 13c. It is assumed that the moving speed of the turret tool post 22 is determined in advance, and parameters relating to the moving speed are stored in advance in a moving speed parameter storage unit (not shown). The moving speed parameter storage unit is provided in the RAM 13, for example.

  The indexing time calculation unit 32 calculates the turret indexing time T1 required for the turret indexing operation after the turret tool post 22 has been retracted. In the first embodiment, the turret indexing time T1 is required for an operation performed after the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 is completed among the three operations of unclamping, turning, and clamping that constitute the turret indexing operation. This is the time required to complete the clamping.

  For example, when turret unclamping is started after the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 is completed, the turret indexing time T1 is the total time of the turret unclamping time t1, the turning time t2, and the clamping time t3 (T1). = T1 + t2 + t3). In addition, when the turret is unclamped during the evacuation operation of the turret tool post 22 and the turret turning is started after the evacuation operation is completed, the turret indexing time T1 is the total time of the turret turning time t2 and the clamping time t3. (T1 = t2 + t3).

  Specifically, the index time calculation unit 32 includes a clamp / unclamp time acquisition unit 32a, a turning time calculation unit 32b, and a turret index time calculation unit 32c. The clamp / unclamp time acquisition unit 32a acquires the unclamp time t1 and the clamp time t3 from the clamp / unclamp time storage unit 13b of the RAM 13.

  The turning time calculation unit 32b calculates the turning time t2 of the turret. The turning time t2 is a variable value determined by the positional relationship between the currently selected tool and the next tool selected by the T code command. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, it is assumed that the tool number 9 is next called by the T code command in the state where the tool number 6 is currently selected. In this case, assuming that the turret turns in the short-circuit direction, the turning time calculation unit 32b determines the angle at which the turret turns from the currently selected tool (No. 6) to the next selected tool (No. 9), and the turning of the turret. The turret turning time t2 is calculated based on the speed. The turning speed of the turret is determined in advance, and parameters relating to the turning speed are stored in advance in a turning speed parameter storage unit (not shown). The turning speed parameter storage unit is provided in the RAM 13, for example.

  The turret indexing time calculating unit 32c is based on the unclamping time t1 and the clamping time t3 acquired by the clamping / unclamping time storage unit 13b and the turning time t2 calculated by the turning time calculating unit 32b. The departure time T1 is calculated. In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the turret unclamping is started after the retreat operation of the turret tool post 22 is completed. That is, the turret indexing time T1 is the total time of the turret unclamping time t1, the turning time t2, and the clamping time t3. The turret index time calculation unit 32c stores the calculated turret index time T1 in the index time storage unit 13d.

  The operation start timing setting unit 33 calculates the tool post approach time t4 calculated by the approach time calculation unit 31 and stored in the approach time storage unit 13c, and is calculated by the index time calculation unit 32 and stored in the index time storage unit 13d. The turret index time T1 is compared, and the approach operation start timing of the turret tool post 22 is set according to the comparison result. Specifically, the operation start timing setting unit 33 determines that the time when the indexing operation is completed is the same as or earlier than the time when the turret tool post 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation. Next, the start timing of the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 is set.

  More specifically, when the tool post approach time t4 is shorter than the turret indexing time T1 (when t4 <T1), the operation start timing setting unit 33, as shown in FIG. The timing that has elapsed since the completion of the retraction operation of the turret tool post 22 by the difference time (T1-t4) between t4 and the turret indexing time T1 is set as the start timing of the approach operation of the turret tool post 22. Thereby, the time point P at which the clamping of the indexing operation is completed is made the same as the time point Q at which the turret tool post 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation.

  On the other hand, when the tool post approach time t4 is not shorter than the turret indexing time T1 (when t4 ≧ T1), the operation start timing setting unit 33 retracts the turret tool post 22 as shown in FIG. The completion timing is set as the approach operation start timing. That is, the start timing of the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 is set so that the approach operation starts simultaneously with the completion of the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22. In this case, the time point P at which the clamping of the indexing operation is completed is earlier than the time point Q at which the turret tool post 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation.

  Next, the operation of the NC apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the NC apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. The flowchart shown in FIG. 5 shows an operation example when the NC program stored in the machining program storage unit 13a is read and converted into electronic cam data. That is, the flowchart shown in FIG. 5 starts when the operator operates the electronic cam data creation button of the input unit 14.

  In FIG. 5, first, the approach time calculation unit 31 searches for the T code from the head of the NC program stored in the machining program storage unit 13a (step S1). Then, the approach time calculation unit 31 determines whether or not a T code has been found (step S2). Here, when the T code is not found, the process of this flowchart is terminated. On the other hand, when the T code is found, the approach time calculation unit 31 searches for a fast-forward command (G0 code) immediately after the T code (step S3). As described with reference to FIG. 11, the G0 code immediately after the T code corresponds to the approach operation of the turret tool post 22.

  After searching for the G0 code immediately after the T code, the movement distance calculation unit 31a of the approach time calculation unit 31 calculates the distance s1 from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable region (step S4). Next, the movement time calculation unit 31b calculates the tool post approach time t4 required for the turret tool post 22 to move by the approach operation over the distance s1 calculated by the movement distance calculation unit 31a (step S5).

  Next, the clamp / unclamp time acquisition unit 32a of the index time calculation unit 32 reads out and acquires the turret unclamp time t1 and the clamp time t3 from the clamp / unclamp time storage unit 13b (step S6). Further, the turning time calculation unit 32b calculates the turning time t2 of the turret (step S7). Then, the turret index time calculation unit 32c sums the unclamping time t1 and the clamping time t3 acquired by the clamping / unclamping time acquisition unit 32a and the turning time t2 calculated by the turning time calculation unit 32b. To calculate the turret indexing time T1 (step S8).

  Thereafter, the operation start timing setting unit 33 compares the tool post approach time t4 calculated by the movement time calculating unit 31b with the turret indexing time T1 calculated by the turret indexing time calculating unit 32c, and the tool post approach. It is determined whether or not time t4 is shorter than turret indexing time T1 (whether or not t4 <T1) (step S9).

  Here, when t4 <T1, the operation start timing setting unit 33, as shown in FIG. 4A, the difference time (T1-t4) between the tool post approach time t4 and the turret indexing time T1. Only the timing after the completion of the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 is set as the start timing of the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 (step S10). On the other hand, when t4 <T1 is not satisfied (when t4 ≧ T1), the operation start timing setting unit 33 sets the retreat operation completion timing of the turret tool post 22 to start the approach operation as shown in FIG. 4B. The timing is set (step S11).

  After the process of step S10 or step S11, the approach time calculation unit 31 searches for the next T code (step S12). Thereafter, returning to the process of step S2, the same process as above is performed.

  As described above in detail, in the first embodiment, the time for the turret tool post 22 to move by the approach operation from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable region (the tool post approach time t4), and the turret The time (turret indexing time T1) required for the turret indexing operation after the retracting operation of the tool post 22 is completed is calculated. Then, according to the comparison result between the tool post approach time t4 and the turret index time T1, is the time when the indexing operation is completed the same as the time when the turret tool post 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation? The start timing of the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 is set at a timing that is earlier than that.

  According to the first embodiment configured as described above, a series of tool exchanges in which the turret tool post 22 is retracted, the turret is indexed (unclamped, swiveled, clamped), and the turret tool post 22 is approached. In operation, the turret indexing operation can be overlapped even during the approach operation of the turret tool post 22. In the case of FIG. 4A, during the approach operation of the turret tool post 22, a part of the turning operation of the turret and the clamping operation can be overlapped and performed simultaneously. In the case of FIG. 4B, during the approach operation of the turret tool post 22, the turret unclamping operation, the turning operation, and the clamping operation can be overlapped at the same time.

  Moreover, in both the case of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, the indexing operation (clamping) is completed by the approach operation until the turret tool post 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable region. The start timing of the approach operation is set. Therefore, the turret indexing operation can be performed at the same time as the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 to the end without stopping the approach operation once in the middle as in the prior art. Thereby, it becomes possible to make a series of tool change operation time in the turret tool post 22 shorter than before.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the machine tool 100 including the NC device 10 ′ according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 6, components having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 1 have the same functions, and thus redundant description is omitted here. As shown in FIG. 6, the machine tool 100 according to the second embodiment includes an NC device 10 ′ having a partially different function from the NC device 10 described in the first embodiment. .

  The ROM 12 of the NC apparatus 10 ′ further includes a save time calculation program storage unit 12d, and includes an index time calculation program storage unit 12b ′ instead of the index time calculation program storage unit 12b described in the first embodiment. ing. In addition to the configuration described in the first embodiment, the RAM 13 of the NC device 10 ′ further includes an operation overlap execution flag storage unit 13 e.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the NC apparatus 10 ′ according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 7, components having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 2 have the same functions, and thus redundant description is omitted here. As shown in FIG. 7, the second embodiment further includes an evacuation time calculation unit 34 and an index time calculation unit 32 ′ instead of the index time calculation unit 32 described in the first embodiment. ing. The indexing time calculation unit 32 'includes the CPU 11 and the indexing time calculation program storage unit 12b' shown in FIG. The save time calculation unit 34 includes the CPU 11 and the save time calculation program storage unit 12d shown in FIG.

  In the above-described first embodiment, the example in which the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and the indexing operation of the turret do not overlap has been described. In contrast, in the second embodiment, an example will be described in which the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and the indexing operation of the turret are overlapped.

  In FIG. 6, the operation overlap execution flag storage unit 13e overlaps the unclamp overlap execution flag indicating whether or not the retraction operation and the unclamp operation are overlapped, and the retraction operation and the turret turning operation. And a turning overlap execution flag indicating whether or not. These two flags are registered in advance in the operation overlap execution flag storage unit 13e by the operator operating the input unit 14 in accordance with the operating state of the NC apparatus 10 '(whether or not to overlap).

  7 calculates the turret indexing time T1 required for the turret indexing operation after the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 is completed. In the first embodiment, since the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and the turret indexing operation do not overlap, the turret indexing time T1 is always the sum of the unclamping time t1, the turning time t2, and the clamping time t3. It was time. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and the indexing operation of the turret overlap depending on the operating state of the NC apparatus 10 '. Therefore, the indexing time calculation unit 32 ′ calculates the turret indexing time T <b> 1 in consideration of the overlap state between the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and the turret indexing operation.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the index time calculation unit 32 ′ according to the second embodiment includes a turret index time calculation unit 32 c ′ instead of the turret index time calculation unit 32 c. In addition to the unclamping time t1, the turning time t2, and the clamping time t3 described in the first embodiment, the turret indexing time calculating unit 32c ′ includes a time required for the entire retreat operation of the turret tool post 22 (hereinafter referred to as retreat). Turret splitting using the time required for the turret tool post 22 to move from the retraction start position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable region (hereinafter referred to as the tool retreat time t6). The departure time T1 is calculated.

  The retraction time calculation unit 34 calculates the retraction operation time t5 and the tool rest retraction time t6. The evacuation time calculation unit 34 includes a movement distance calculation unit 34a, a movement time calculation unit 34b, and a evacuation operation time calculation unit 34c. The movement distance calculation unit 34a calculates a distance s2 from the retreat start position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable area. This distance s2 is also the same as the distance s1 described in the first embodiment, the currently selected tool, the next tool selected by the T code command, and the tool existing between these selected tools It is a variable value determined by the relationship.

  The moving time calculation unit 34b calculates a tool rest retracting time t6 required for the turret tool post 22 to move the distance s2 by the retracting operation. The tool post retreat time t6 is calculated from the moving distance s2 of the turret tool post 22 calculated by the moving distance calculator 34a and the moving speed of the turret tool post 22. The movement time calculation unit 34b supplies the calculated tool post retreat time t6 to the turret indexing time calculation unit 32c '.

  The retraction operation time calculation unit 34c calculates a retraction operation time t5 required for the turret tool post 22 to move in the retraction operation from the retraction start position to the retraction end position (predetermined retraction position). Then, the evacuation operation time calculation unit 34c supplies the calculated evacuation operation time t5 to the turret index time calculation unit 32c '.

  The turret indexing time calculating unit 32c ′ includes an unclamping time t1 and a clamping time t3 acquired by the clamping / unclamping time acquiring unit 32a, a turning time t2 calculated by the turning time calculating unit 32b, and a moving time calculating unit. Based on the tool post retreat time t6 calculated by 34b and the retreat operation time t5 calculated by the retreat operation time calculation unit 34c, the turret indexing time T1 after completion of the retreat operation of the turret tool post 22 is calculated.

  FIGS. 8 and 9 are views showing the relationship between the overlap state between the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and the turret indexing operation and the turret indexing time T1 calculated by the turret indexing time calculating unit 32c ′. It is. FIG. 8A shows an operation state in which only the turret unclamping is executed within the indexable area during the retreating operation of the turret tool post 22 and the turret turning is started after the retreating operation is completed. Yes. The turret indexing time T1 in this case is the total time of the turning time t2 and the clamping time t3 (T1 = t2 + t3).

  FIG. 8B shows an operation state in which unclamping of the turret starts when the turret tool post 22 is retracted to the indexable region, but the unclamping is not completed by the completion of the retracting operation. That is, in the example of FIG. 8B, the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and a part of the turret unclamping operation overlap. The turret index time T1 in the operation state of FIG. 8B is T1 = {t1− (t5−t6)} + t2 + t3.

  FIG. 9A shows that when the turret tool post 22 is retracted to the indexable region, turret unclamping is started, and the turret tool post 22 is retracted until the unclamping operation and the subsequent turning operation are performed. The operation state which overlaps with the operation is shown. In this case, the turret indexing time T1 is T1 = (t1 + t2 + t3) − (t5−t6).

  FIG. 9B shows an operation state in which turret unclamping is started when the turret tool post 22 is retracted to the indexable region, and all of the turret unclamping, turning, and clamping are completed during the retracting operation. ing. In this case, the turret indexing time T1 is T1 = 0.

  Next, the operation of the NC apparatus 10 'according to the second embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the NC apparatus 10 ′ according to the second embodiment. Note that the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 also shows an operation example when the NC program stored in the machining program storage unit 13a is read and converted into electronic cam data. That is, the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 starts when the operator operates the electronic cam data creation button of the input unit 14.

  In FIG. 10, the evacuation time calculation unit 34 searches for the T code from the head of the NC program stored in the machining program storage unit 13a (step S21). Then, the save time calculation unit 34 determines whether or not a T code has been found (step S22). Here, when the T code is not found, the process of this flowchart is terminated. On the other hand, when the T code is found, the save operation time calculation unit 34c of the save time calculation unit 34 calculates the save operation time t5 (step S23).

  Next, the movement distance calculation unit 34a of the retraction time calculation unit 34 calculates a distance s2 from the retraction start position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable area (step S24). Next, the movement time calculation unit 34b calculates the tool post retreat time t6 required for the turret tool post 22 to move by the retraction operation by the distance s2 calculated by the movement distance calculation unit 34a (step S25). Thereafter, the approach time calculation unit 31 searches for a fast-forward command (G0 code) immediately after the T code (step S26).

  After searching for the G0 code immediately after the T code, the movement distance calculation unit 31a of the approach time calculation unit 31 calculates the distance s1 from the retracted position of the turret tool post 22 to the boundary of the indexable region (step S27). Next, the movement time calculation unit 31b calculates the tool post approach time t4 required for the turret tool post 22 to move by the approach operation by the distance s1 calculated by the movement distance calculation unit 31a (step S28).

  Next, the clamp / unclamp time acquisition unit 32a of the index time calculation unit 32 ′ reads out and acquires the turret unclamp time t1 and the clamp time t3 from the clamp / unclamp time storage unit 13b (step S29). . Further, the turning time calculation unit 32b calculates the turning time t2 of the turret (step S30). Here, the turret index time calculation unit 32c 'determines whether or not the unclamping overlap execution flag stored in the operation overlap execution flag storage unit 13e is OFF (step S31).

  When the unclamp overlap execution flag is OFF (similar to the first embodiment), the turret index time calculation unit 32c ′ acquires the unclamp time acquired by the clamp / unclamp time acquisition unit 32a. The turret indexing time T1 (= t1 + t2 + t3) is calculated by adding t1 and the clamping time t3 and the turning time t2 calculated by the turning time calculation unit 32b (step S32).

  On the other hand, when the unclamping overlap execution flag is ON, the turret indexing time calculation unit 32c 'determines whether or not the turning overlap execution flag is OFF (step S33). Here, when the turning overlap execution flag is OFF, the turret indexing time calculation unit 32c ′ has the unclamping time t1 within the indexable area during the turret tool post 22 being retracted. It is determined whether or not the time is shorter than the time (t5-t6) (whether t1 <t5-t6 is satisfied) (step S34).

  Here, when t1 <t5-t6, it corresponds to the operation state of FIG. In this case, the turret indexing time calculating unit 32c ′ adds the clamping time t3 acquired by the clamping / unclamping time acquiring unit 32a and the turning time t2 calculated by the turning time calculating unit 32b to sum up the turret dividing time. The departure time T1 (= t2 + t3) is calculated (step S35).

  On the other hand, when t1 <t5-t6 is not satisfied, this corresponds to the operation state of FIG. In this case, the turret indexing time calculating unit 32c ′ includes the unclamping time t1 and the clamping time t3 acquired by the clamping / unclamping time acquiring unit 32a, the turning time t2 calculated by the turning time calculating unit 32b, and the retreat. The turret indexing time T1 = {t1− (t5−t6)} + t2 + t3 using the retraction operation time t5 calculated by the operation time calculation unit 34c and the tool rest retraction time t6 calculated by the movement time calculation unit 34b. Is calculated (step S36).

  If it is determined in step S33 that the turning overlap execution flag is ON, the turret indexing time calculation unit 32c ′ takes time (t1 + t2 + t3) required for the turret indexing operation (unclamping, turning, clamping). However, it is determined whether or not the turret tool post 22 is longer than the time (t5−t6) during which the turret tool post 22 is within the range of the indexable area (whether t1 + t2 + t3> t5−t6). (Step S37).

  Here, when t1 + t2 + t3> t5-t6, it corresponds to the operation state of FIG. In this case, the turret indexing time calculating unit 32c ′ includes the unclamping time t1 and the clamping time t3 acquired by the clamping / unclamping time acquiring unit 32a, the turning time t2 calculated by the turning time calculating unit 32b, and the retreat. The turret indexing time T1 = (t1 + t2 + t3) − (t5−t6) is calculated by using the retracting operation time t5 calculated by the operation time calculating unit 34c and the tool rest retracting time t6 calculated by the moving time calculating unit 34b. Calculate (step S38).

  On the other hand, when t1 + t2 + t3> t5-t6 is not satisfied, this corresponds to the operation state of FIG. In this case, the turret index time calculation unit 32c ′ sets the turret index time T1 = 0 (step S39). After calculating the turret indexing time T1 in any one of steps S32, S35, S36, S38, and S39, the operation start timing setting unit 33 calculates the turret approach time t4 calculated by the movement time calculating unit 31b and the turret dividing time. The turret index time T1 calculated by the departure time calculation unit 32c ′ is compared to determine whether the tool post approach time t4 is shorter than the turret index time T1 (whether t4 <T1). (Step S40).

  Here, when t4 <T1, the operation start timing setting unit 33 starts from the completion of the retreat operation of the turret tool post 22 for the difference time (T1-t4) between the tool post approach time t4 and the turret index time T1. The elapsed timing is set as the start timing of the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 (step S41). On the other hand, when t4 <T1 is not satisfied (when t4 ≧ T1), the operation start timing setting unit 33 sets the retreat operation completion timing of the turret tool post 22 as the start timing of the approach operation (step S42). In the case of step S39 (T1 = 0), the retracting operation completion timing may be set so that the retracting operation is stopped and the approaching operation is started when the clamping of the turret tool post 22 is completed.

  After the process of step S41 or step S42, the save time calculation unit 34 searches for the next T code (step S43). Thereafter, the process returns to step S22 and the same process as described above is performed.

  As described above in detail, in the second embodiment, the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 and the indexing operation of the turret are overlapped, and the retracting operation of the turret tool post 22 and the indexing operation of the turret are performed. And are overlapped. Thereby, the time which can overlap by the movement operation | movement of the turret tool post 22 and the indexing operation of the turret can be made longer, and a series of tool change operation time in the turret tool post 22 can be further shortened. Become.

  In the first and second embodiments, when the tool post approach time t4 is shorter than the turret indexing time T1 (when t4 <T1), the operation start timing setting unit 33 performs the indexing operation (clamping). The start timing of the approach operation has been set so that the time point P to be completed is the same as the time point Q at which the turret tool post 22 reaches the boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation (P = Q). . If the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 and the index operation of the turret overlap within the indexable region, the start timing of the approach operation may be set so that P <Q. More preferably, P = Q. By setting the approach operation start timing so that P = Q, the approach operation can be started as early as possible after the approach operation and the indexing operation are overlapped as much as possible. This is because a series of tool change operation times in the tool post 22 can be further shortened.

  In the first and second embodiments, the example in which the time required until the clamping is completed in the turret indexing operation has been described as the turret indexing time T1, but the present invention is not limited to this. Not. During the turret indexing operation, the interference between the tool and the workpiece is caused by the turning of the turret. That is, as long as the turret has been swung within the indexable area, there is no interference between the tool and the workpiece. Therefore, the turret index time calculation units 32c and 32c 'may calculate the time required for completing the turn in the turret index operation as the turret index time T1.

  In the first and second embodiments, the example in which the start timing of the approach operation is controlled based on the elapsed time from the completion of the evacuation operation has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the start timing of the approach operation may be controlled by the turret turning angle. In this case, an elapsed time from the completion of the retreat operation obtained as the approach operation start timing may be converted into a turret turning angle. The method of controlling the start timing of the approach operation based on the turning angle of the turret is useful for the NC control method for controlling the movable unit 20 according to the NC program.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, when a timing that has elapsed since the completion of the retracting operation for the difference time (T1-t4) between the tool post approach time t4 and the turret indexing time T1 is set as the approach operation start timing. Converts the elapsed time (T1-t4) into the turning angle of the turret as follows. First, by subtracting the unclamping time t1 during which the turret does not turn from the elapsed time (T1-t4) since the completion of the evacuation operation, the time T2 during which the turret rotates until the approach operation starts is obtained (T2 = T1-t4-t1). Then, the obtained time T2 is converted into the turning angle θ of the turret, and this is set as the start timing of the approach operation. In this case, the approach operation of the turret tool post 22 is started at the timing when the turret is turned by the angle θ.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, when the elapsed time (T1-t4) from the completion of the retracting operation corresponds to the turning of the turret, the start timing of the approach operation can be controlled by the turning angle of the turret. Is possible. However, when the elapsed time (T1-t4) from the completion of the retracting operation corresponds to the time when the turret is unclamped, the start timing of the approach operation cannot be controlled by the turning angle because the turret is not turning. Therefore, when the elapsed time (T1-t4) from the completion of the evacuation operation corresponds to the time when the turret is unclamped, it is necessary to take measures such as starting the approach operation simultaneously with the start of the turn after the completion of the unclamping.

  In the first and second embodiments, an example in which the turret clamping / unclamping times t1 and t3 are stored in advance has been described. However, the turret turning time t2 and the like may be calculated in the same manner.

  In addition, each of the first and second embodiments described above is merely an example of a specific example for carrying out the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted in a limited manner. It will not be. In other words, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit or main features thereof.

10, 10 'NC device 11 CPU
12a Approach time calculation program storage unit 12b, 12b ′ Indexing time calculation program storage unit 12c Operation start timing program storage unit 12d Retraction time calculation program storage unit 13b Clamp / unclamp time storage unit 13c Approach time storage unit 13d Indexing time storage Unit 13e motion overlap execution flag storage unit 31 approach time calculation unit 31a movement distance calculation unit 31b movement time calculation unit 32, 32 ′ index time calculation unit 32a clamp / unclamp time acquisition unit 32b turn time calculation unit 32c, 32c ′ Turret index time calculation unit 33 Operation start timing setting unit 34 Retraction time calculation unit 34a Movement distance calculation unit 34b Movement time calculation unit 34c Retraction operation time calculation unit

Claims (5)

A machine tool control device that controls an indexing operation of a turret having a plurality of tool mounting surfaces, and a retracting operation and an approaching operation of a tool post on which the turret is installed,
The turret is moved by the approach operation from the retracted position, which is the position where the retracting operation of the tool post is completed, to the boundary of the indexable area, which is an area that does not interfere with the workpiece even if the turret is turned. An approach time calculator for calculating the blade approach time, which is the time,
An indexing time calculation unit for calculating a turret indexing time which is a time required for the indexing operation of the turret after the turret evacuation operation is completed;
The turret approach time calculated by the approach time calculation unit is compared with the turret index time calculated by the index time calculation unit, and the indexing operation is completed according to the comparison result. Is an operation start timing setting unit that sets the start timing of the approach operation of the tool post at a timing that is the same as or earlier than the time point when the tool post reaches the boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation. And a machine tool control device. When the turret approach time is shorter than the turret index time, the operation start timing setting unit has elapsed from the completion of the retraction operation of the turret by a difference time between the turret approach time and the turret index time. If the turret approach time is not shorter than the turret indexing time, the completion timing of the turret retracting operation is set as the turret approach timing. The machine tool control device according to claim 1, wherein the machine tool control device is set as an operation start timing. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the index time calculation unit calculates, as the turret index time, a time required to complete clamping in the indexing operation of the turret. Control device. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the index time calculation unit calculates, as the turret index time, a time required for the turn to be completed in the indexing operation of the turret. Control device. A turret movement control method for controlling an approach operation of a turret provided with a turret having a plurality of tool mounting surfaces,
When the tool call command for selecting any one of the plurality of tools attached to the plurality of tool attachment surfaces is detected, the turret turns from the retracted position, which is the position where the retracting operation of the tool post is completed. A first step of calculating a turret approach time, which is a time required for the turret to move by the approach operation to the boundary of the indexable region, which is a region that does not interfere with the workpiece,
A second step of calculating a turret index time, which is a time required for the indexing operation of the turret after completion of the retracting operation of the tool post when the tool call command is detected;
The turret approach time calculated in the first step is compared with the turret index time calculated in the second step, and the time point when the indexing operation is completed is determined according to the comparison result. A third step of setting a start timing of the approach operation of the tool rest at a timing that is the same as or earlier than a time point when the tool rest reaches a boundary of the indexable region by the approach operation. A method for controlling the movement of the tool post.

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