JP2010151386A - Adsorption type heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an adsorption type heat pump improving efficiency in extracting cold while considering external variation factors such as an outside air temperature, and internal variation factors such as an adsorbing material. <P>SOLUTION: A pair of adsorbers 2a, 2b, a condenser 3 and an evaporator 4 are defined and disposed in a housing 1 separately and independently from each other. With respect to the adsorber 2b performing a desorbing process, the desorbing process is terminated, when the heat quantity obtained by multiplying temperature difference between going and returning of a heat medium circulated and supplied from a high temperature heat medium section 5 for desorption, by a flow rate, reaches the set heat quantity or less, and with respect to the adsorber 2a performing an adsorbing process, the adsorbing process is terminated when a cold temperature of the heat medium circulated and supplied to the evaporator 3 to which an adsorbate for adsorption is supplied, from a cooling section 7 and returned thereto, reaches a set temperature or higher. Both of adsorption and desorption processes of the next cycle are simultaneously started with the later termination timing side as a reference. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an adsorption heat pump using an adsorption refrigeration cycle, and particularly relates to a technique capable of improving the efficiency of extracting cold heat.

  Conventionally, as an operation control of an adsorption heat pump using this type of adsorption refrigeration cycle, one that changes a cycle time value for switching both adsorption and desorption processes according to the amount of heat collected by the heating element has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, in the adsorption refrigeration apparatus, it has been proposed to control the temperature fluctuation range of the heating medium within a certain range by controlling the rotation speed of the pump based on the outlet temperature of the heating medium (for example, Patent Documents). 2).

JP 2005-121346 A JP 2004-239593 A

  However, cold extraction using an adsorption-type refrigeration cycle is particularly susceptible to fluctuations in the outside air temperature, room temperature, etc., and changes in adsorbent capacity. If the process is switched at fixed time intervals and in synchronism with each other, energy consumption is wasted, and the efficiency of cold extraction cannot be improved. Even if the cycle time value is changed without making it a fixed time as proposed in Patent Document 1 above, both the adsorption and desorption processes can be switched in synchronization with each other simply by changing the cycle time. Therefore, even if either the adsorption process or the desorption process has already become insufficient in the adsorption capacity or the desorption capacity, the process is continued until the synchronous switching timing arrives. Will be wasted.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of taking out cold heat in consideration of external fluctuation factors such as outside air temperature and internal fluctuation factors such as adsorbents. It is to provide an adsorption heat pump.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a pair of adsorbers, a condenser and an evaporator are partitioned and arranged independently of each other in the housing, and the adsorption process and the desorption process are alternately controlled by the pair of adsorbers. Then, the following specific matters are provided for an adsorption heat pump including an operation control means for executing an adsorption refrigeration cycle in which adsorption and desorption of adsorbate are repeated. That is, as the operation control means, the fluctuation of the amount of heat received by the adsorbate by desorption from the heat medium supplied for desorption to the adsorber in which the desorption process is performed is monitored, and the desorption process is performed according to the fluctuation of the heat quantity. In the evaporator that supplies the adsorbate to be adsorbed to the adsorber in which the adsorption process is performed, the change in the amount of cold heat in the heat medium after heat exchange is performed by the evaporation of the adsorbate. Monitoring is performed, and the end timing of the adsorption process is determined in accordance with the change in the heat amount (claim 1).

In the case of this invention, the end timing of the desorption step and the end timing of the adsorption step are determined separately based on the respective thermal characteristics, and the concept of cycle time is removed. In other words, the end timing of each process is determined according to the thermal characteristics based on the amount of heat received in the desorption process and the amount of cold heat in the adsorption process. It is possible to eliminate wasteful consumption and improve efficiency.

  As the operation control means of the present invention, the amount of heat received by the adsorbate from the heat medium by desorption is less than the set heat amount, while the desorption process is terminated, while the amount of cold heat obtained by the evaporator based on the adsorption is less than the set heat amount. Thus, the adsorption process can be completed (claim 2). In this way, it is possible to determine the end timing more specifically. In other words, even if the desorption and adsorption capacities vary based on external fluctuation factors such as the outside air temperature and internal fluctuation factors such as the adsorbent capacity, the individual desorption and adsorption capacities are reduced to a considerable extent. Can be terminated, and the termination timing can be determined more optimally.

  In addition, as the above operation control means, the amount of heat received by the adsorbate by desorption is calculated by multiplying the temperature difference between the return and return of the heat medium circulated to the adsorber where the desorption process is performed by the heat medium flow rate. It can be set as the structure to obtain (Claim 3). By doing so, the amount of heat received can be detected easily and reliably, and the end timing of the desorption process can be determined more accurately.

  Further, the operation control means may be configured to start the next cycle with reference to the end timing on the later side as compared with the end timing of the desorption process and the end timing of the adsorption process. 4). By starting the desorption process and the adsorption process of the next cycle at the same time in this way, even if the desorption process and the adsorption process of the previous cycle are completed at different timings, the next cycle starts. It is possible to start the operation after the timing has arrived, and the operation control can be facilitated.

  As described above, according to the adsorption heat pump of any one of claims 1 to 4, the end timing of the desorption process and the end timing of the adsorption process are separately determined based on the respective thermal characteristics. This makes it possible to perform operation control that eliminates the concept of cycle time. As a result, the end timing of each process can be determined according to the thermal characteristics based on the amount of heat received in the desorption process and the amount of cold heat in the adsorption process. It is possible to improve efficiency by eliminating waste of energy consumption.

  In particular, according to claim 2, even if the desorption and adsorption capacities vary based on external fluctuation factors such as outside air temperature and internal fluctuation factors such as adsorbent capacity, the desorption and adsorption capacities are reduced to a considerable extent. By doing so, the process can be individually ended, and the end timing can be determined more specifically and optimally.

  Further, according to claim 3, the amount of heat received can be simplified by detecting the temperature difference between the return and return of the heat medium circulatingly supplied to the adsorber in which the desorption process is performed, and detecting the flow rate of the heat medium. Thus, the detection timing can be reliably detected, and the end timing of the desorption process can be determined more accurately.

  Furthermore, according to the fourth aspect, the desorption process and the adsorption process of the next cycle are started at the same time based on the end timing on the later side comparing the completion timing of the desorption process and the completion timing of the adsorption process. Therefore, even if the desorption process and the adsorption process in the previous cycle are completed at different timings, the start timing in the next cycle can be started and the operation control can be facilitated. Will be able to.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a principle diagram showing an example of an adsorption heat pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a housing, 2a and 2b are a pair of adsorbers, 3 is a condenser, and 4 is an evaporator. The pair of adsorbers 2a and 2b, the condenser 3 and the evaporator 4 are partitioned and formed as sealed spaces independent from each other by partitioning the internal space of the housing 1 with partition walls, and are configured in a so-called separate type. . That is, each of the pair of adsorbers 2a and 2b is configured by arranging an adsorption / desorption heat exchanger in a sealed space where an adsorption or desorption process is performed, and the condenser 3 or the evaporator 4 is also condensed. The heat exchanger for condensation or the heat exchanger for evaporation is arranged in a sealed space where the process or the evaporation process is performed. Each housing 1 is maintained in a substantially vacuum state by a vacuum pump (not shown) or the like, and a required amount of adsorbate such as water, alcohol, ammonia, or the like is sealed therein. Between the evaporator 3 and each of the adsorbers 2a and 2b, on-off valves V1 and V2 for supplying the adsorbate evaporated by the evaporator 3 to the adsorber 2a or 2b where the adsorption process is performed are provided. Between the adsorbers 2a and 2b and the condenser 4, on-off valves V3 and V4 for supplying the adsorbate desorbed from the adsorber 2b or 2a in which the desorption process is performed to the condenser 4 are interposed. Has been. The adsorption / desorption heat exchanger constituting each of the adsorbers 2a and 2b is fixed with an adsorbent such as zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon or the like on its outer surface.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 5 denotes a high-temperature heat medium portion that holds waste heat such as waste hot water at a predetermined high temperature, and 6 holds the heat medium maintained at a predetermined low temperature. A heat dissipating unit (for example, an outdoor unit), 7 is a cooling unit having a built-in heat exchanger for extracting heat from the coldest heat medium returned to the heat recovery unit, and 8 is a heat medium supply system. It is a passage switching part. The heat medium supply system is configured to include the high-temperature heat medium section 5, the heat radiating section 6, the cooling section 7, pumps 51, 61, 71 attached to the respective sections, the passage switching section 8, and the like.

  An adsorber in which a high-temperature heat medium having a temperature TH (for example, 80 ° C.) is supplied from the high-temperature heat medium section 5 to the passage switching section 8 by the operation of the pump 51, and the desorption process is performed by the path switching in the passage switching section 8. The heating medium having the above temperature TH is supplied to 2a or 2b. Then, from the adsorbers 2a and 2b in which the desorption process is performed, the heat medium whose temperature has been lowered by receiving heat by the adsorbate for desorption is returned to the high temperature heat medium section 5 through the passage switching section 8. Then, the heating medium is again heated to the temperature TH and circulated. In the heating medium forward passage 52, an inlet temperature detection sensor 53 for detecting the inlet temperature of the heating medium supplied to the adsorber 2a or 2b in the desorption process, and a heating medium flow rate detection sensor 54 for detecting the flow rate of the heating medium. And an outlet temperature detection sensor 56 for detecting the outlet temperature of the heating medium that comes out of the adsorbers 2a and 2b in the desorption process and returns to the high temperature heating medium section 5 is interposed in the return passage 55 of the heating medium. ing.

  From the heat dissipating unit 6, a medium-temperature heat medium having a temperature TM (for example, 40 ° C.) is branched into the condenser 4 and the adsorber 2 b or 2 a where the adsorption process is performed via the passage switching unit 8 by the operation of the pump 61. It comes to be supplied. Then, the heat medium heated by the heat exchange with the adsorbate in the adsorption process is returned to the heat radiating unit 6 through the passage switching unit 8 and is cooled to the temperature TM and cooled again to be circulated. Yes.

  A low-temperature heat medium having a temperature TL (for example, 15 ° C.) is supplied from the cooling unit 7 to the evaporator 3 by the operation of the pump 71. Then, the heat medium whose temperature has decreased due to heat exchange with the adsorbate in the evaporator 3 is returned to the cooling unit 7, and after the cooling heat is taken out by the cooling unit 7, the heat medium having the temperature TL is circulated again. Yes. In the return passage to the cooling unit 7, a cold temperature detection sensor 72 for detecting the temperature of the heat medium from the evaporator 7 is interposed.

  The above-described operation control of the pumps 51, 61, 71 and the open / close switching control of the on-off valves V1 to V4 are performed by the operation control by the operation control means 9, whereby the adsorption refrigeration described below is performed. The operation for taking out the cold heat based on the cycle will be performed. In this operation, basically, one of the pair of adsorbers 2a and 2b performs an adsorption process and the other performs a desorption process. At that time, the evaporator 3 performs an adsorption process on the adsorber 2a or 2b. The evaporated adsorbate is supplied by opening the on-off valve V1 or V2, while the adsorbent 2b or 2a performing the desorption process is opened on the on-off valve V4 or V3. The batch processing system is configured such that the adsorption process and the desorption process are alternately switched between the pair of adsorbers 2a and 2b. Hereinafter, the operation control for taking out the cold energy will be described.

  FIG. 2 shows a case where the adsorption process is performed in the adsorber 2a while the desorption process is performed in the adsorber 2b. In the figure, a thick broken line indicates a circulation path of the heat medium having the temperature TM from the heat radiating unit 6, and a thick solid line indicates a circulation path of the heat medium having the temperature TH from the high temperature heating medium part 5. That is, by operating the pump 51, the heat medium having the temperature TH is supplied from the high-temperature heat medium section 5 to the adsorber 2b through the forward passage 52 and the passage switching section 8, and the adsorbate adsorbed on the adsorber 2b until then is desorbed. The desorbed adsorbate is supplied to the condenser 4 from the open / close valve V4 that has been converted to open. In the condenser 4, the desorbed high-temperature adsorbate is condensed by heat exchange with the heat medium having the temperature TM supplied from the heat radiating unit 6. Then, the heat medium whose temperature has decreased due to desorption is returned to the high-temperature heat medium section 5 through the path switching section 8 and the return path 55.

  In this process, the operation control means monitors the amount of heat received by the adsorber 2b where the desorption process is performed, and stops the operation of the pump 51 if this amount of heat decreases to a predetermined set amount of heat. Thus, the desorption process is completed. The variation in the amount of heat received is monitored by detecting the difference between the amount of heat sent from the high-temperature heat medium section 5 and the amount of heat returned after the amount of heat is deprived by the heat received by the adsorbate. That is, as shown by the following equation, the temperature difference obtained by subtracting the detection temperature Tr by the output temperature detection sensor 56 from the detection temperature Ta by the input temperature detection sensor 52 is multiplied by the heat medium flow rate Q detected by the heat medium flow rate detection sensor 54. Thus, the amount of heat (desorption heat amount) Ad received by the adsorbate by desorption is obtained.

Ad = Q x (Ta-Tr)
If the detected desorption heat amount falls below the set desorption heat amount At (Ad <At), the pump 51 is stopped and the desorption process is terminated.

  The change in the heat amount of the desorption heat amount appears as a change in the condenser output in which the adsorbate after desorption is condensed in the condenser 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the desorption process is started and the desorption is actively performed, the condenser output also increases. However, when the desorption approaches the limit, the amount of heat received also decreases, while the condenser output also decreases. Become. For this reason, when the desorption heat amount falls below the set desorption heat amount (see P1 in FIG. 3), the pump 51 is stopped and the desorption process is ended. As a result, in the case of operation control in which process switching is performed at a preset fixed time interval, wasteful energy consumption due to continued operation of the pump 51 is reduced despite the fact that the detachment itself is impossible or low. Thus, the value of the electric COP obtained by dividing the obtained condenser output by the power consumption can be improved.

  In the adsorption step, the heat medium having the temperature TM is supplied from the heat radiating unit 6 to the adsorber 2a through the passage switching unit 8 by the operation of the pump 61, and the adsorbate supplied from the evaporator 3 through the open / close valve V1 is opened. Adsorb to the adsorber 2a. The heat medium raised in temperature by heat exchange with the adsorbate at the time of adsorption is returned to the heat radiating unit 6 through the passage switching unit 8 again.

  In this process, the operation control means monitors fluctuations in the amount of cold of the heat medium supplied to the evaporator 3 and lowered in temperature due to evaporation, and the amount of cold falls below a predetermined set amount of cold, resulting in low cooling out. At this stage, the adsorption process is terminated. Specifically, the return temperature of the heat medium that has fallen due to evaporation in the evaporator 3, that is, the detected temperature detected by the cold temperature detection sensor 72, is monitored, and the pump is turned on when the detected temperature rises to the set upper limit temperature. 61 is stopped to end the adsorption process. In other words, although the heat of evaporation due to evaporation in the evaporator 3 is actively adsorbed at the beginning of the adsorption process, the heat is increased and the extraction of cold heat is also increased. Removal is also slow. For this reason, if the amount of cold energy falls below the set amount of cold energy, that is, if the evaporator output (cold heat output, which is the degree of cold extraction) falls below the set value (see P2 in FIG. 3), the pump 61 is stopped. Thus, the adsorption process is completed. As a result, as in the case of the above-described desorption process, the pump 61 continues to be operated even when the adsorption itself is disabled or low in the case of operation control in which process switching is performed at a fixed time interval set in advance. Therefore, it is possible to improve the value of the electric COP obtained by dividing the obtained evaporator output by the power consumption. In addition, it is possible to suppress wasteful heat radiation caused by continuously operating the pump 61 wastefully.

  Then, based on the later of the desorption process end timing and the adsorption process end timing, whichever is later, the next batch processing, that is, the adsorption process and the desorption process are performed by changing the roles of the pair of adsorbers 2a and 2b. Start the cycle. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the end timing of the adsorption process is later than the end timing of the desorption process, and the next cycle is started based on this late end timing. The above-mentioned fluctuations in the amount of heat of desorption and cooling are caused by external fluctuation factors such as the outside air temperature and room temperature, and internal fluctuation factors such as changes in the capacity of the adsorbent itself. As a result, it is possible to improve the efficiency in taking out the cold compared with the conventional operation control in which the switching is performed at fixed time intervals and synchronously. Note that the slight delay existing from the end timing of the late side (adsorption fixation) to the start timing causes the sensible heat remaining in the adsorber 2b that has been subjected to the desorption process so far to be transferred from the adsorber 2b. The desorption process is applied to the adsorber 2a to be performed, and conversely, the sensible heat remaining in the adsorber 2a that has been subjected to the adsorption process is performed from the adsorber 2a to the next adsorbing process. This is because the sensible heat exchange is applied to the adsorber 2b. This sensible heat exchange is performed by passage switching of the passage switching unit 8.

  An example of the next cycle to be started is shown in FIG. As in the case of FIG. 2, the thick broken line indicates the circulation path of the heat medium having the temperature TM from the heat radiating section 6, and the thick solid line indicates the circulation path of the heat medium having the temperature TH from the high temperature heating medium section 5. That is, the heat medium having the temperature TH is supplied from the high-temperature heat medium part 5 to the adsorber 2a through the forward passage 52 and the passage switching part 8 by the operation of the pump 51, and is adsorbed by the adsorber 2a in the adsorption process of the previous process. The desorbed adsorbate is supplied to the condenser 4 from the on-off valve V3 which has been opened and converted. In the condenser 4, the desorbed high-temperature adsorbate is condensed by heat exchange with the heat medium having the temperature TM supplied from the heat radiating unit 6. Then, the heat medium whose temperature has decreased due to desorption is returned to the high-temperature heat medium section 5 through the path switching section 8 and the return path 55. On the other hand, by the operation of the pump 61, the heat medium having the temperature TM is supplied from the heat radiating unit 6 to the adsorber 2b through the passage switching unit 8, and the adsorbate supplied from the evaporator 3 through the open / closed on-off valve V2 is supplied to the adsorber 2b. Adsorb. The heat medium raised in temperature by heat exchange with the adsorbate at the time of adsorption is returned to the heat radiating unit 6 through the passage switching unit 8 again. In these processes, as in the case described above, the desorption process side monitors the desorption heat amount fluctuation to determine the end timing of the desorption process, and the adsorption process side monitors the cold heat amount fluctuation and the adsorption process. The end timing of is determined.

<Other embodiments>
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, Various other embodiments are included. That is, in the above-described embodiment, the adsorption heat pump is configured as a separate type by arranging the evaporator 3 at the lower position of the housing 1, the condenser 4 at the upper position, and the adsorbers 2a and 2b on both sides of the intermediate position. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to an arrangement other than the above as long as it is a separate type.

It is a block diagram which shows the basic composition of the adsorption heat pump of embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a state in which an adsorption process is performed by the adsorber 2a and a desorption process is performed by the adsorber 2b. It is a relationship figure which shows the relationship between time passage, a condenser output, and an evaporator output. FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a state in which a desorption process is performed by the adsorber 2a and an adsorption process is performed by the adsorber 2b.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 2a, 2b Adsorber 3 Condenser 4 Evaporator 9 Operation control means 53 Incoming temperature detection sensor 54 Refrigerant flow rate detection sensor 56 Outlet temperature detection sensor 72 Cold temperature detection sensor

Claims (4)

A pair of adsorbers, condensers and evaporators are partitioned and arranged independently from each other in the housing, and the adsorption process and desorption process are alternately switched by the pair of adsorbers and the adsorption and desorption of the adsorbate are repeated. An adsorption heat pump having an operation control means for executing a refrigerating cycle,
The operation control means monitors fluctuations in the amount of heat received by the adsorbate by desorption from the heat medium supplied for desorption to the adsorber in which the desorption process is performed, and ends the desorption process according to the change in the heat quantity. While determining the timing, in the evaporator that supplies the adsorbate to be adsorbed to the adsorber in which the adsorption process is performed, the fluctuation of the heat quantity of the cooling medium after the heat exchange is performed by the evaporation of the adsorbate is monitored. , Is configured to determine the end timing of the adsorption step according to the variation in the amount of heat,
Adsorption heat pump. An adsorption heat pump according to claim 1,
The operation control means terminates the desorption process when the amount of heat received by the adsorbate from the heat medium by the desorption falls below the set heat amount, and adsorbs when the amount of cold heat obtained by the evaporator based on the adsorption falls below the set heat amount. An adsorption heat pump configured to terminate the process. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1 or 2,
The operation control means obtains the amount of heat received by the adsorbate by desorption by calculation of multiplying the temperature difference between the return and return of the heat medium circulatingly supplied to the adsorber in which the desorption process is performed by the heat medium flow rate. An adsorption heat pump. The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The operation control means is an adsorption heat pump configured to start the next cycle on the basis of a later end timing by comparing the end timing of the desorption process and the end timing of the adsorption process.

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