JP2010136683A - Method for producing feed - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing feed, utilizing hydrothermal reaction capable of bringing a high hydrolysis reaction field to decompose phytic acid phosphorus particularly contained in plant waste, thereby effectively utilizing the phytic acid phosphorus. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing feed includes: holding the phytic acid phosphorus-containing organic substance and water content in a coexisting state for 1-180 min, under the condition as to have a temperature of 150-260 °C, the pressure of 0.4-30 MPa and the liquid/solid ratio of (1:1) to (100:1) so as to hydrolyze phitic acid phosphorus. In the method, the phytic acid phosphorus preferably contains at least one kind of food, agricultural crops, agricultural residues, agricultural wastes, or food wastes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid animal feed containing a large amount of digestible phosphorus from agricultural wastes and food wastes.

Phosphorus is an essential element for all living organisms, and its function cannot be supplemented by other nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary for the animal feed to contain the amount of phosphorus necessary for various livestock. As a main storage form of phosphorus present in many plant tissues such as seeds, a form of phytin (Phytin: a calcium / magnesium mixed salt of phytic acid and insoluble in water) is known. Since phytic acid has a strong chelating action and binds strongly to many metal ions, copper and zinc added to the feed may be inactivated by phytic acid.
Ruminants with symbiotic microorganisms in the stomach can use phosphonic acid by decomposing phytic acid, while non-ruminating animals cannot decompose phytic acid, so most phytic acid in food is undigested. It will be excreted in the state of. For this reason, it is one of the causes of eutrophication of rivers and lakes.

Most of the phosphorus contained in plants such as corn that are used as raw materials for animal feed exists as phytic acid phosphorus. As described above, non-ruminant animals (eg, pigs) are unable to degrade phytic acid, and therefore, digestible phosphates and the like are added to the feed to compensate for phosphorus deficiency. Phosphate is derived from phosphate ore where depletion is a concern.
In order to solve such problems, a technique has been developed in which phytase, which is a digestive enzyme of phytic acid phosphorus, is added to the feed to promote the digestion of phytic acid phosphorus (Patent Document 1).
Moreover, also in composting, the form of these phosphorus has big influence on the phosphorus absorption of a plant. Plant phosphorus absorption is performed in the form of phosphoric acid. Therefore, when expecting an immediate effect by phosphorus fertilization, it is necessary to manufacture a compost containing a large amount of phosphoric acid that is absorbable for phytic acid phosphorus.
JP-A-6-319539

However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems. That is, (1) Feed design is difficult because it is necessary to change the amount of phytase according to the feed material. (2) Since the pH range where phytase is active is limited, feed administration and breeding conditions It is difficult to control, etc. (3) Since the method promotes the digestion of phytic acid phosphorus in livestock, the effect was uncertain.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and its purpose is to decompose phytic acid phosphorus by decomposing phytic acid phosphorus using a hydrothermal reaction that can provide a high hydrolysis reaction field. The purpose is to provide a feed and a method for producing fertilizer and compost for effective use.

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have satisfied a predetermined temperature range, pressure range, and solid-liquid ratio in a state where an organic substance containing phytic acid phosphorus and moisture coexist, thereby achieving phytic acid phosphorus. Was successfully hydrolyzed, and phosphoric acid and inositol were found to be well produced, and the present invention was basically completed.
Thus, the method for producing a feed according to the invention for achieving the above-described object provides a liquid at a temperature of 150 ° C. to 260 ° C., a pressure of 0.4 MPa to 30 MPa, a liquid in a state where an organic substance containing phytic acid phosphorus and water coexist. It is characterized by holding for 1 minute to 180 minutes under conditions of a solid ratio of 1: 1 to 100: 1.

In the present invention, phytic acid phosphorus means phosphorus contained in the form of phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-6 phosphate (abbreviation: IP6) ester). Phytic acid is abundant in brown rice bran, wheat bran, corn germ, seeds, and beans, and is often present in the form of phytin (a calcium-magnesium mixed salt of phytic acid and insoluble in water).
As the organic matter used in the present invention, food, agricultural products, agricultural residues, agricultural wastes, and food wastes are used. As mentioned above, since phytic acid is contained in a large amount in plants, it is particularly preferable to use plant organic waste as the organic matter. One object of the present invention is to effectively recycle such waste.
The moisture can be added as liquid water at the initial point of adding the material, or can be added as gaseous vapor.

In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction, if the temperature is lower than 150 ° C., it is difficult to sufficiently hydrolyze phytic acid phosphorus. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 260 ° C., the amino acid obtained from the protein contained in the raw material is decomposed, and the yield of the amino acid is reduced as a whole. For this reason, it is preferable that it is 150 to 260 degreeC as a temperature range. In addition, at 180 ° C. to 260 ° C., attention should be paid to carbonization when a large amount of carbohydrates is contained.
When the pressure exceeds 30 MPa, it is difficult to operate as a practical device, which is not preferable. Moreover, when the pressure is low, it becomes difficult to increase the reaction temperature. For this reason, the pressure range is preferably 0.4 MPa to 30 MPa.
The liquid-solid ratio means the mass ratio of the dry weight of water (such as plant organic waste) to be added as containing phytic acid phosphorus and water. Specifically, water: solid = 1: 1 to 100: 1, preferably 5: 1 to 25: 1.

When the reaction time is too short (for example, several tens of seconds to several minutes), it becomes difficult to control a practical apparatus. Moreover, when reaction time is too long, cost will raise economically and it is unpreferable. For this reason, the reaction time is 1 minute to 180 minutes, preferably 5 minutes to 60 minutes, and more preferably 5 minutes to 30 minutes.
Other nutrients in the liquid feed, such as protein, are converted into a liquid feed that is easily digested and absorbed by the decomposition of the protein by the hydrolysis power of the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction. For this reason, a liquid feed leads to the increase in livestock of a livestock, improvement of meat quality, shortening of a fattening period, etc., and can become a big merit for pig farming management. Thus, by performing the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, not only decomposition of phytic acid phosphorus but also other merits can be expected. In addition, for example, oligosaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch, etc. are effective in increasing body weight, preventing diarrhea, shortening the days of estrus relapse in mother pigs, promoting milk production in mother pigs, improving sperm activity in male pigs, etc. The effect of has been reported. Furthermore, enterobacteria such as bifidobacteria are significantly increased, and an effect of promoting piglet weight gain can be expected.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the feed of this invention is for non-ruminant animals. Ruminants can degrade phytic acid phosphorus and absorb phosphate, while non-ruminants (such as pigs) can hardly absorb phytic acid phosphorus, so the phosphorus contained in excreta Cause soil accumulation and eutrophication problems in rivers and lakes. In the feed according to the present invention, phytic acid phosphorus is hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid that can be digested by non-ruminant animals, so that such a problem is solved. Furthermore, conventionally, it has been necessary to add a phosphate when a plant-based feed is given to a non-ruminant animal. However, in the present invention, phytic acid phosphorus is decomposed to become a phosphoric acid. Need not be added separately.

Since phytic acid phosphorus cannot be degraded by non-ruminant animals (eg, pigs, chickens, etc.), phosphate must conventionally be added to contain the phosphorus required for animal feed. It was. According to the present invention, phytic acid phosphorus is hydrolyzed by treatment with high-temperature and high-pressure water to provide phosphoric acid and inositol which are advantageous for digestion and absorption. Therefore, the amount of phosphate added as an additive can be reduced. Can be reduced. Thereby, the phosphorus resource derived from the mineral which is a depletion resource can be saved.
Moreover, since the phytic acid phosphorus contained in the organic substance is effectively used, it is possible to reduce phosphorus, which is an environmental load component that has not been digested and absorbed in the past and discharged as manure. Thus, according to the present invention, in addition to increasing the added value of plant-based organic waste, the burden on the environment is reduced, contributing to the construction of a recycling society.

In addition, the content of inositol produced by hydrolysis of phytic acid in the feed can be increased.
Further, conventionally, there has been a problem that copper and zinc added to feed are chelated by phytic acid and inactivated, but this problem can also be solved.
In addition, when the feed of the present invention is used as a liquid feed, it is already heat-treated and sterilized, so that it is not necessary to perform conventional sterilization treatment. When organic waste is used, unnecessary organic matter can be effectively recycled, and an environment-friendly system can be constructed.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, and various forms can be made without changing the gist of the invention. Can be implemented. Further, the technical scope of the present invention extends to an equivalent range.

<Experiment Method I>
1. Experimental apparatus A schematic view of the molten salt thermostat used in this study is shown in FIG. A high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “processing apparatus 1”) is shown. In this processing apparatus 1, a temperature-controllable molten salt bath 2 (for example, TSC-B600 type manufactured by Pressure Glass Co., Ltd.) and a heat-resistant / soaked bath immersed in the molten salt bath 2 can be used. A pressure-resistant sealed processing vessel 3 (for example, a stainless steel (SUS316) batch reaction tube (outer diameter 12.7 mm, wall thickness 1.24 mm, inner diameter 10.2 mm, length 10 cm, inner volume 8.2 ml) can be used. ) And a pressure sensor 4 are provided.
In this study, a 10-cm reaction tube was used.

A heater 6 and a rotary blade 5 are provided inside the molten salt tank 2. The liquid in the molten salt tank 2 (for example, KHNO ₃ (45%), NaHNO ₃ (55%) can be used) is mixed by rotating the rotor blade 5 with the heater 6 turned on. Thus, a uniform temperature can be obtained. The heater 6 is provided with a computer (not shown), and the temperature in the molten salt tank 2 can be controlled within a predetermined range. In this processing apparatus 1, the temperature of the inside of the molten salt bath 2 can be controlled within a range of about 150 ° C. to about 450 ° C., and the sample can be processed at a high temperature.

The processing container 3 can be comprised, for example from Hastelloy or Inconel (Ni, Cr, Mo, etc.). A lid is attached to the upper part of the processing container 3, and an appropriate temperature can be obtained in a state where the internal space of the processing container 3 is sealed (that is, batch type). At the time of the test, a sample diluted at an arbitrary magnification is put into the processing container 3, and the upper lid is placed on the container and sealed. Thereafter, the processing container 3 and the pressure sensor 4 are connected.
After sealing the processing container 3, the processing container 3 is put into the molten salt tank 2 that has been heated to a preset temperature in advance, and this time is set to 0 minutes, and high-temperature processing is started.

2. Experimental operation
(1) Hydrolysis of phytic acid solution A 50% phytic acid solution (Wako, for chemical use) diluted 5 times was used as a sample. The phytic acid solution was stored in a refrigerator. Ion exchange water (MILLIPORE, MILLI-QLabo) was used as water for dilution.
After putting the sample in the processing vessel 3 and sealing it, an experiment was conducted under the reaction conditions shown in Table 1. The reaction vessel was immersed in a salt bath heated to a preset temperature in advance to start the reaction. The reaction was started when immersed in a salt bath, and the reaction vessel was taken out immediately after a predetermined time, and the reaction was stopped by cooling the reaction vessel with cold water. After cooling, a sample was collected from the reaction vessel.

(2) Hydrolysis of phytic acid in plant feed Untreated rice bran was used as a sample. Rice bran was stored in a freezer and used within one month after being refined. Ion exchange water was used as water.
The sample and water were placed in a reaction vessel and sealed, and the experiment was performed under the reaction conditions shown in Table 2. From the start to the end of the reaction, the same procedure as in (1) above was performed. After cooling, the reaction residue adhering to the liquid phase and the inside of the reaction tube was recovered from the reaction vessel.

3. Separation and analysis of reaction products (1) Hydrolysis of phytic acid solution After diluting the solution to the appropriate concentration, the concentration of phosphoric acid eluted in the aqueous solution using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (JASCO, model V-550) Asked. The molybdenum blue method was used for the phosphoric acid concentration measurement.
(2) Hydrolysis of phytic acid in plant feed The phosphoric acid concentration was measured by filtering the solution with a filter paper (No. 6 manufactured by ADVANTEC) and using the molybdenum blue method. Moreover, the total phosphorus amount contained in the rice bran was determined as the total phosphoric acid concentration by the above phosphoric acid concentration measurement method after ashing at 600 ° C. and then adding hydrochloric acid to boil and diluting to an appropriate concentration. The Wade method was used for quantification of phytic acid, and a 50% phytic acid solution was used as a standard solution.

<Experimental result I>
1. Hydrolysis of phytic acid solution The total phosphorus concentration was previously determined from the concentration of the phytic acid solution, and the phosphoric acid production rate was determined from the phosphoric acid concentration of the analyzed sample. The phosphoric acid production rate at a reaction time of 10 minutes at each temperature is shown in FIG. From the figure, it was found that phytic acid was hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid in a short time at 180 ° C. or higher.
Next, the reaction time from 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. where the phosphoric acid production rate was low was extended, and the decomposition effect at low temperature was verified. The reaction time was up to 60 minutes. The resulting graph is shown in FIG. In 100 degreeC, the raise of the decomposition rate by time passage was not seen, but it was less than 10% also in 120 degreeC. On the other hand, at 150 ° C., the phosphoric acid production rate increased by nearly 25% when compared from 10 minutes to 60 minutes. From this, it was estimated that the degradation effect of phytic acid at less than 150 ° C. was low. Moreover, the tendency for the phosphoric acid production rate to increase with time was observed at 150 ° C. or higher.

2. Hydrolysis of plant-containing phytic acid As described above, a high hydrolysis rate of phytic acid was verified at 180 ° C. or higher. Therefore, the rice bran phytic acid decomposition effect was verified at 200 ° C., which is considered to have the highest decomposition efficiency. The reaction time was up to 120 minutes, and the liquid-solid ratio was 50. In addition, the elution of phosphoric acid only in a state where the reaction was started with 0 minutes before the start of the reaction was also verified.
The total phosphorus concentration in rice bran 0.12 [g] was 14.3 [mmol / L].
The results of the eluted phosphoric acid concentration are shown in FIG. In addition, FIG. 5 shows the result of the phosphoric acid production rate obtained by dividing the phosphoric acid concentration at each time by the total phosphorus concentration.
The phosphoric acid concentration at 0 minutes in FIG. 4 was about 0.2 [mmol / L]. Therefore, it was found that there was almost no elution of phosphoric acid (decomposition of phytic acid) just by soaking in water. Therefore, the elution of phosphoric acid at 0 minutes was not considered in the subsequent tests.
From FIG. 5, at 200 ° C. and a liquid-solid ratio of 50, the phosphoric acid production rate exceeded 80% in 10 minutes, and gradually increased thereafter. From this result, it was found that at 200 ° C., a high phosphoric acid production rate can be obtained in a short time.

Based on the above results, a sufficient phosphoric acid production rate can be obtained in 60 minutes, so the reaction time is 10 minutes to 60 minutes, the liquid-solid ratio is changed from 10 to 50, and the phosphoric acid production rate due to the difference in water content The difference was examined. The reaction temperature was 170 ° C to 200 ° C. The phosphoric acid production rate under each condition is shown in FIGS.
From these results, the difference in the decomposition rate depending on the liquid-solid ratio was not noticeable at any temperature and reaction time. At 170 ° C., the phosphoric acid production rate, which was around 40% in 10 minutes, rose to around 80% after 60 minutes of reaction. At 180 ° C., it was about 50% in 10 minutes, and the decomposition rate was similarly increased. However, at 200 ° C., the phosphoric acid production rate was already as high as about 80% after a reaction time of 10 minutes. The decomposition rate increased according to the reaction time, but no significant difference was observed due to the change in the liquid-solid ratio.
Moreover, as a difference in the decomposition rate depending on the reaction temperature, at 170 ° C. and 180 ° C., the phosphoric acid production rate increased as the reaction time increased.

<Experiment Method II>
Liquid feed made from rice bran (high temperature and high pressure treatment conditions: temperature 170 ° C. to 180 ° C., liquid-solid ratio 5 to 10, time 10 to 30 minutes) and general animal feed (dry feed) Animals (rats, pigs, etc.) are bred using a mixture in a mass ratio of 1: 4 to 1:10.
Note that the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment conditions and the mixing ratio of the liquid feed of the present embodiment and the general animal feed can be appropriately changed according to the common sense of those skilled in the art.
<Experimental result II>
When the phosphorus absorption rate of the animal was measured after 2 weeks of breeding, it was equal to or higher than that of conventional food. All animals are in good health.

<Discussion>
The characteristics of phytic acid hydrolysis by high-temperature and high-pressure treatment were confirmed. In rice bran, which is an actual plant sample, we were able to find the proper decomposition conditions in consideration of practicality. Thereby, it turned out that the liquid feed which can hydrolyze the phytic acid state phosphorus from plant-type organic wastes, such as rice bran, can be utilized as an effective phosphorus by high temperature / high pressure treatment.
A liquid feed having many merits compared to a dry blended feed can be further increased in value by using the method of this embodiment. According to the method of the present embodiment, the amount of phosphorus absorbed in the living body is improved, and the absorption inhibition action of other essential minerals due to the decomposition of phytic acid is expected. In particular, minerals contained in the excrement of non-ruminant animals such as pigs are reduced, leading to a reduction in environmental burden. In addition, the amount of phosphoric acid added from phosphorus ore, which is feared to be exhausted, can be greatly reduced.

  Consumers' understanding is essential to popularize liquid feed (recycled feed) using food by-products. At the present stage, many consumers are uncomfortable with recycled feed using miscellaneous food residues generated at lunch manufacturers and restaurants. However, in Japan, where food resources are scarce, it seems necessary to promote recycling of waste. By using such a recycled feed, pigs can ingest more diverse nutrients than conventional formula feed. As a result, pigs grow healthier and have better meat quality, reduce morbidity and reduce the amount of antibiotics administered to pigs, thus producing safe meat. As already done, branding pigs with recycled feed is a very effective tool in order to gain consumers' understanding of high quality and safety.

  As an advantage of the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, in addition to the above, for example, the operation is simple. The fermented liquid feed conversion method, which is said to be the most excellent among the existing liquid feed conversion techniques, has the disadvantage that it is difficult to manage and requires expertise from the manufacturer. On the other hand, in the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, it is possible to produce a feed with stable quality almost automatically as long as the reaction conditions are determined. In addition, the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment can dramatically improve the safety of the feed. In the sterilization treatment at 110 ° C. to 130 ° C. applied to the existing feed, even if the bacteria can be removed, it is insufficient for the decomposition of the abnormal prion protein that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In the existing technology, the nutrition of the feed is greatly impaired due to thermal decomposition at higher temperatures. On the other hand, in the case of high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, hydrolysis proceeds mainly, so that it is possible to degrade abnormal prion protein to the amino acid or peptide level while improving the nutritional properties of the feed.

Moreover, liquid feed production by high-temperature and high-pressure treatment can be carried out at a low cost. Until now, the development of recycling technology using high-temperature and high-pressure treatment has been carried out. There has been no example. However, the production of liquid feed in this study is 200 ° C, which is a low temperature as a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction, so that expensive equipment and separation / purification of reactants are not required.
Since phytic acid phosphorus cannot be degraded by non-ruminant animals (eg, pigs, chickens, etc.), phosphate must conventionally be added to contain the phosphorus required for animal feed. It was. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide phosphoric acid and inositol which are hydrolyzed by treating phytic acid phosphorus with high-temperature and high-pressure water, which is advantageous for digestion and absorption, so that the amount of phosphate added can be reduced. . Thereby, the phosphorus resource derived from the mineral which is a depletion resource can be saved.

In addition, in order to effectively utilize phytic acid phosphorus contained in organic substances, it has been possible to reduce phosphorus, which is an environmental load component that has been excreted as excrement without being digested and absorbed in the past. Thus, according to this embodiment, in addition to being able to increase the added value of plant organic waste, it reduces the burden on the environment and contributes to the construction of a recycling society.
In addition, the content of inositol produced by hydrolysis of phytic acid in the feed could be increased.
Further, conventionally, there has been a problem that copper and zinc added to feed are chelated by phytic acid and inactivated, but this problem can also be solved.
In addition, when the feed of this embodiment is used as a liquid feed, it is not necessary to perform a conventional sterilization process because it is already heat-treated and sterilized. When organic waste was used, unnecessary organic substances could be effectively recycled, and an environmentally friendly system could be constructed.

It is a schematic diagram of a high temperature / high pressure processing apparatus. It is the graph which confirmed the phosphoric acid production | generation rate in the time of 10 minutes of reaction time in the reaction temperature of 100 to 200 degreeC. It is the graph which confirmed the phosphoric acid production | generation rate in the time of reaction time 10 minutes-60 minutes in reaction concentration of 100 to 180 degreeC. It is the graph which confirmed the change of the phosphoric acid concentration when reaction time was changed from 0 minute to 120 minutes on conditions of reaction temperature 200 degreeC and liquid-solid ratio 50. In the graph of FIG. 4, it is a graph when the phosphoric acid production | generation rate is confirmed by dividing the phosphoric acid density | concentration in each reaction time by the total phosphorus density | concentration. It is the graph which confirmed the phosphoric-acid production rate when changing a liquid-solid ratio from 10 to 50 and reaction time from 10 minutes to 60 minutes at a reaction temperature of 170 ° C. It is the graph which confirmed the phosphoric acid production | generation rate when changing liquid-solid ratio 10-50 and reaction time from 10 minutes to 60 minutes in reaction temperature 180 degreeC. It is the graph which confirmed the phosphoric acid production | generation rate when changing a liquid-solid ratio from 10 to 50 and reaction time from 10 minutes to 60 minutes at a reaction temperature of 200 ° C.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Processing apparatus, 2 ... Molten salt tank, 3 ... Processing container, 4 ... Pressure gauge, 5 ... Rotary blade, 6 ... Heater

Claims (3)

In a state where an organic substance containing phytic acid phosphorus and water coexist, under conditions of a temperature of 150 ° C. to 260 ° C., a pressure of 0.4 MPa to 30 MPa, and a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 1 to 100: 1, 1 minute to 180 A method for producing a feed comprising hydrolyzing phytate-phosphorus by holding for a minute. 2. The method for producing a feed according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter containing phytic acid phosphorus includes at least one of a food, a crop, an agricultural residue, an agricultural waste, and a food waste. The method for producing a feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feed is for non-ruminant animals.

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