JP2010071056A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel excavator formed to have such a small length that can be easily installed irrespective of small area of a starting shaft and capable of laying a sewer pipe or the like by burying following pipe bodies while excavating a tunnel having very small diameter from the starting shaft toward an arrival shaft. <P>SOLUTION: This shield excavator is composed of a motor unit A provided with a hydraulic motor being shorter than an electric motor and used as a motor 4 for driving a cutter head 2 and a valve unit B arranged by following the motor unit A which are provided in a shield body 1 having the cutter head 2 protruding rotatably at a front end. A middle-folding mechanism 7 is provided on a valve unit B side to form diameter of the whole excavator into small diameter. The length of the excavator is reduced as much as possible to install it in the starting shaft easily and bury a pipe line having a small diameter. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator for excavating a tunnel for burying a small-diameter pipe body such as a gas pipe or a sewer pipe in the ground.

  Conventionally, in order to embed pipes such as small-diameter sewage pipes in the ground, a tunnel excavator is installed and installed in a vertical shaft, and a small-diameter tunnel is dug by starting toward the ground in front. This tunnel excavator is followed by a small-diameter tubular body having a fixed length in order, and propelled and buried every time a fixed-length tunnel is excavated.

  As such a tunnel excavator, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, an air pinch valve is disposed in a cylinder provided with a partition wall that rotatably supports a cutter head at a front end. And a motor unit in which a drive motor is disposed in a subsequent cylinder connected to the rear end of the valve unit, and the rotation shaft of the drive motor is rotated to the partition through the cylinder of the valve unit. The cutter head is configured to be rotationally driven by being connected to the central axis of the cutter head that is freely supported, and the subsequent cylinder forming the body portion of the motor unit is disposed in the circumferential direction. The valve unit is divided into front and rear cylinder parts that are refractably joined to each other by a middle folding mechanism comprising a plurality of middle folding jacks provided at predetermined intervals. An air pinch valve installed in the inside of a pipe line that is a discharge means for discharging excavated soil from the earth and sand chamber formed between the back surface of the cutter head and the front surface of the partition wall to the rear. Things are known.

  When excavating a tunnel from the shaft into the ground using the tunnel excavator configured as described above, when the tunnel excavator is arranged in the shaft, the cutter head, the valve unit, and the motor unit are separately provided in the shaft. Even if it is carried in, the working space is extremely narrow in the shaft and it becomes difficult to connect the valve unit and the motor unit. Therefore, on the ground, the above-mentioned valve that supports the cutter head rotatably at the front end in advance. After assembling the tunnel excavator by connecting the unit and the motor unit, they are carried into the shaft.

JP 2002-47892 A

  However, a tunnel excavator for excavating a tunnel that can embed a small-diameter pipe body such as a gas pipe or a sewer pipe in the ground has an area of the drive motor that occupies the space in the motor unit when the excavating diameter becomes small. Therefore, the above-mentioned succeeding cylindrical body forming the body portion of the motor unit is divided into front and rear cylindrical body portions, and a plurality of folding mechanisms are formed on the inner peripheral surfaces of these front and rear cylindrical body portions. It becomes impossible to dispose the book's half-folded jack, and as a result, it becomes difficult to construct a tunnel excavator that can excavate a smaller diameter tunnel.

  Even if such a folding mechanism is arranged on the valve unit side, the rotary shaft of the cutter head is arranged in the valve unit so that the body of the valve unit is formed. Even if the existing cylinder is divided into the front and rear cylinder parts, it cannot be configured to be refractable by the middle folding mechanism. Therefore, the folding mechanism is disposed on the rear side of the motor unit, or the cylinder forming the body of the motor unit is lengthened to divide the cylinder on the rear side of the drive motor into two parts, The inner peripheral surface of the divided cylindrical body part must be configured to be bent flexibly by a folding mechanism, so that the length of the tunnel excavator becomes longer and the starter shaft is large enough to install this tunnel excavator. In addition, there is a problem in that it is difficult to control the direction because the disposition position of the folding mechanism is located far behind the cutter head.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is to eliminate the arrangement of the folding mechanism on the motor unit side and to arrange the folding mechanism on the valve unit side. Thus, tunneling with a very small diameter, which was difficult with the above tunnel excavator, is possible, and even a relatively narrow start shaft can be carried in and installed even in a relatively narrow start shaft by making the captain as short as possible. In addition, a tunnel excavator that can easily control the direction is provided.

  In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel excavator according to the present invention has a cutter head drive motor installed in a shield body that rotatably supports the cutter head at the front end. A motor unit and a valve unit following this motor unit are provided, and the valve unit is provided in a mud pipe for excavating earth and sand in a cylindrical body composed of front and rear cylindrical parts joined to each other by a folding mechanism. A structure in which a valve is provided.

  In the tunnel excavator thus configured, the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that a hydraulic motor is employed as the drive motor disposed in the shield body.

  Further, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the shield main body forming the body of the motor unit and the front cylinder part of the valve unit are integrally provided, while the invention according to claim 4 is provided. Is characterized in that the front cylinder part of the valve unit is detachably connected to the rear end of the shield body forming the body of the motor unit.

  In the invention according to claim 5, a partition is provided at the front end of the shield body, the front end of the drive motor is supported in a through state in the partition, and the rotary shaft protruding forward from the partition is connected to the cutter head. It is characterized by that.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the motor unit in which the drive motor for the cutter head is installed in the shield body that rotatably supports the cutter head at the front end, and the valve unit following the motor unit. The valve unit is provided with a valve provided in a mud drainage pipe for excavating earth and sand in a cylindrical body made up of front and rear cylindrical parts joined to each other by a folding mechanism so as to be bent. Since it is arranged on the valve unit side without being arranged on the motor unit side, the diameter of the shield main body which is the body of the motor unit can be formed as small as possible, and the cylinder of the valve unit following the shield main body A tunnel excavator capable of excavating an extremely small diameter tunnel with the same diameter as the shield body can be configured.

  In addition, the drive motor installed in the motor unit is directly connected to the cutter head, and the center folding mechanism is provided on the valve unit side as described above, so this valve unit is arranged on the rear side of the motor unit. However, it is possible to shorten the length compared to conventional tunnel excavators, so even a relatively narrow start shaft can be carried into and installed in the shaft, and from this shaft to the ground in front. The tunnel excavator can be easily started, and the folding mechanism is provided on the valve unit side. Therefore, the arrangement position of the folding mechanism can be provided on the front side as much as possible, and the direction control is also possible. It can be done easily.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, as the drive motor for the cutter head, a hydraulic motor having a shorter length than that of the electric motor is employed for the same output, so that the number of rotations can be set according to the soil quality. As well as being able to excavate the tunnel smoothly and efficiently, the length of the tunnel excavator is shorter than that of the tunnel excavator adopting the electric motor, and the start shaft can be reduced in size, and a center folding mechanism is provided. The valve unit can be positioned as far forward as possible, and the direction control becomes easier. In addition, the distance to the valve unit in the discharge pipe for discharging the excavated soil can be shortened. Generation can be made difficult.

  The shield main body forming the body of the motor unit and the front cylinder portion of the valve unit may be integrally provided as described in claim 3, but as described in claim 4, If the front cylinder part of the valve unit is detachably connected to the rear end of the shield main body, the cylinder body consisting of the front and rear cylinder parts which form a body of the valve unit and are joined to each other in a refractive manner. Since a middle folding mechanism consisting of a plurality of middle folding jacks can be disposed in the tunnel excavator, the tunnel excavator can be easily assembled by a simple operation of connecting the front end of the valve unit to the rear end of the motor unit. .

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a partition is provided at the front end of the shield body, the front end of the drive motor is supported through the partition, and the rotary shaft protruding forward from the partition is connected to the cutter head. As a result, the front end of the drive motor protrudes forward from the partition wall and its rotating shaft is directly connected to the cutter head. The length of the motor unit in which this drive motor is installed is made shorter. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the length of the shield excavator as much as possible, and to prevent the clogging of the sediment discharge pipe in front of the valve with the downsizing of the start shaft and the ease of direction control. can do.

  Next, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a simplified longitudinal side view of a tunnel excavator, FIG. 2 is a front view thereof, and the tunnel excavator has an outer diameter of about 560 mm. A partition wall 3 that rotatably supports a cutter head 2 is fixed to a front end opening of a cylindrical shield body 1 made of a steel pipe having a fixed length (555 mm), and a drive motor for the cutter head is installed in the shield body 1. 4 and a motor unit A having the same outer diameter as that of the shield body 1 in the motor unit A and having a length shorter than that of the shield body 1 (430 mm). And a valve unit B provided with a valve 6 provided in a mud discharge pipe 7 for discharging the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 2 together with mud water. The valve unit B is provided with the motor unit. Is a freely trailing is not a structure detachable in A.

  Further, the cylinder 5 forming the body of the valve unit B is divided into front and rear cylinder parts 5a and 5b, and the front end opening of the front cylinder part 5a forms the body of the motor unit A. The shield body 1 is detachably connected to the rear end opening of the shield body 1 and the front end portion of the front cylinder portion 5a and the front end portion of the rear cylinder portion 5b are connected to each other via a middle folding mechanism 8. It is connected to bend freely. The center folding mechanism 8 protrudes from the inner peripheral surface of the center folding part 8a in which the opposing ends of the front and rear cylinder parts 5a and 5b are refractably joined and the front and rear cylinder parts 5a and 5b. A plurality of middle-folding jacks 8b are connected between the brackets 13 and 14 provided at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. In addition, the front side cylinder part 5a in the cylinder 5 may be provided integrally with the rear end of the shield body 1 in the motor unit A.

  Further, the cutter head 2 rotatably supported by the front end opening of the shield body 1 in the motor unit A is not particularly limited as long as the shape of the bit is suitable for excavation of the ground, In the figure, a cutter head is used in which a plurality of roller bits 2a projecting a large number of excavating blades on the front surface are rotatably supported on the outer peripheral surface, and an excavating earth and sand intake opening 2b is provided. A space between the rear surface of the cutter head 2 and the front surface of the partition wall 3 is formed in the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10.

  Furthermore, in this earth and sand taking-in chamber 10, the front end surface of the inner cone 9a of the truncated cone shape which is gradually formed large diameter toward the rear end is fixed to the center of the rear surface of the cutter head 2. At the same time, a rear end surface of the short cylinder 11 having the same outer diameter as that of the shield body 1 is detachably attached to the outer peripheral portion of the front surface of the partition wall 3 and gradually approaches the front end of the short cylinder 11 toward the front end. The outer cone surface of the outer cone 9b whose diameter has been increased is fixed, and the inner cone 9a and the outer cone 9b form a cone crusher.

  A hydraulic motor is used as the drive motor 4 installed in the shield main body 1 of the motor unit A, and the front end of the body of the drive motor 4 is supported by the central portion of the partition wall 2 in a penetrating manner to be isolated. A rotary shaft 4a projecting forward from the front end in the wall 2 is detachably connected to the center of the rear surface of the inner cone 9a, which is integrally fixed to the rear surface of the cutter head 2, so that the cutter head 2 is driven to rotate. It is configured to do. Reference numeral 13 denotes a support plate that supports an intermediate portion of the drive motor 4 in the length direction, and its upper end is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the upper peripheral portion of the shield body 1.

  The valve 6 disposed in the cylindrical body 5 in the valve unit B employs a valve that is opened and closed by a hydraulic actuator, but may be an air pinch valve. Any valve that can be automatically adjusted may be used. The valve 6 is detachably provided in the mud drain pipe 7 for discharging excavated sediment in the mud intake chamber 10 together with mud water. The front end of the mud drain pipe 7 is connected to the lower end of the partition wall 2. A mud drainage pipe 7 which penetrates in a watertight manner and faces the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10 and is drawn rearward from the valve 6 is placed in an earth and sand separation and recovery tank (not shown) installed on the ground through the tunnel. The mud water separated from the excavated soil in this earth and sand separation and recovery tank is returned to the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10 through a mud feed pipe (not shown) whose front end communicates with the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10 through the tunnel. It is configured as follows.

  When excavating a tunnel from the start shaft 15 into the ground by the tunnel excavator configured as described above, first, on the ground, the valve unit B is connected to the rear end of the motor unit A provided with the cutter head 2 at the front end. After being brought into a state, it is suspended by a crane or the like and carried into the start shaft 15 and, as shown in FIG. 3, installed on the start stand 20 arranged on the bottom surface of the start shaft 15 toward the front ground. . At this time, since the machine length from the front end of the cutter head 2 to the rear end of the valve unit B is about 1500 mm, it can be easily carried in even if the start shaft 15 is narrow. The tunnel excavator may be assembled in the start shaft 15 by separately carrying the motor unit A and the valve unit B into the start shaft 15.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the above-mentioned start frame 20 lays support frames 21 and 21 parallel to each other on both sides of the bottom surface of the start shaft 15 in the front-rear direction, and within the opposite sides of these support frames 21 and 21. The side surfaces are integrally connected by several connecting frames 22, and the lower periphery of the motor unit A and the valve unit B that configures the tunnel excavator in the center portion between the support frames 21 and 21 in the front-rear direction. A horizontal start table 23 that slidably supports the surface is disposed, and the horizontal start table 23 is fixed to the upper surface of the central part of the connecting frames 22 and 22 orthogonal to the horizontal start table 23 with bolts or the like.

  Further, a pair of left and right propulsion jacks 24, 24 is disposed on the support frames 21, 21 on both sides of the tunnel excavator, and the telescopic rods project toward the rear of the propulsion jacks 24, 24. 24a and 24a are received by a reaction force receiving base 25 fixed on the rear wall surface of the shaft 15, and the cylinder portions 24b and 24b of these propulsion jacks 24 and 24 that advance according to the extension of the rods 24a and 24a are pushed. The cylinders 24b, 24b are inserted into the holes 26a, 26a drilled in both end portions of the plate 26, and the rear end flange portions 24b ', 24b' of the cylinder portions 24b, 24b are engaged with the rear surface side of the holes 26a, 26a. In addition, the central portion of the front surface of the push plate 26 is pressed against the rear end surface of the valve unit B in the tunnel excavator installed on the horizontal start table 23.

  In this way, after installing the tunnel excavator on the starting platform 20, when the pair of left and right propulsion jacks 24, 24 are operated and the rods 24a, 24a are extended, the propulsion jack 24 with the reaction force cradle 25 as a fulcrum is supported. , 24 cylinder parts 24b, 24b move forward, and a push plate 26 connected between these cylinder parts 24b, 24b in an erected state is integrally advanced to the rear end face of the valve unit B of the tunnel excavator on the front surface thereof. The tunnel excavator is propelled toward the start pit 27 on the horizontal start platform 23 while pressing, and the excavation of the ground ahead from the start pit 27 is started.

  The excavation of the ground is performed by propelling the tunnel excavator while transmitting the rotation to the cutter head 2 by driving the drive motor 4 which is a hydraulic motor in the motor unit A, and rotating the cutter head 2. The excavated earth and sand are taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10. At this time, when the large block soil is taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10, it is finely crushed by the inner cone 9a and the outer cone 9b.

  In addition, during excavation, mud was supplied from the ground to the earth taking-in chamber 10 through the mud pipe, filled with the above-mentioned excavated earth and sand, the excavated earth was mud, and the earth taking-in chamber 10 was filled. While cutting the face by mud pressure and preventing the face ground from collapsing, the cutter head 2 excavates the ground in front, while the mud that has become mud in the earth taking-in chamber 10 passes through the valve 6 and the mud pipe 7. At the same time, it is fed from the starting shaft 15 to the earth and sand separation and recovery tank installed on the ground, and after separating the excavated earth and sand from the mud in the separation and collection tank, the mud is again supplied to the mud pipe. The mud pressure in the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the valve 6.

  Thus, when the tunnel excavator starts excavation of the tunnel from the start shaft 15 toward the front ground and excavates to the point where the rear end of the valve unit B enters the tunnel, the excavation of the tunnel is temporarily stopped and hydraulic pressure is stopped. The succeeding pipe 17 in which the unit 16 and the like are arranged is carried into the shaft 15 by a crane or the like from the ground and installed on the starter base 20 as shown in FIG. 6, and its front end is connected in series with the rear end of the valve unit B. After the connection, the rods 24a and 24a of the pair of left and right propulsion jacks 24 and 24 are extended to advance the rear end surface of the succeeding pipe 17 through the push plate 26 and to drive the motor 4 in the motor unit A. The tunnel is dug while the cutter head 2 is rotated by driving. The excavated earth and sand are taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 10 as described above, and are finely crushed by the inner cone 9a and the outer cone 9b, and then discharged through the valve 6 and the mud discharge pipe 7.

  Once the subsequent pipe 17 has been dug until just before entering the starting pit 27, the excavation of the tunnel is once stopped, and the push plate 26 is retracted by retracting the rods 24a, 24a of the pair of left and right propulsion jacks 24, 24, so that the subsequent pipe 17 A tube P having a certain length suspended from the ground is interposed between the rear end of the push plate 26 and the push plate 26, and is installed on the horizontal start platform 43. After that, as shown in FIG. Is operated, the cutter head 2 is rotated and the propulsion jacks 24, 24 are operated to extend the rods 24a, 24a, thereby pressing the rear end face of the tube P with the push plate 26 so that the tube P is The tunnel is dug while being pushed together with the cutter unit A and the motor unit B.

  Each time a tunnel having a certain length corresponding to the length of the pipe P is excavated, the pipe P is pushed into the tunnel excavated by the tunnel excavator while being connected to the arrival side from the start shaft 15. A buried pipeline such as a sewage pipe composed of a row of buried pipes P reaching a vertical shaft (not shown) is formed. In the case of providing a curved pipe line part during the formation of the buried pipe line, the tunnel bending machine 8 provided in the valve unit B is operated to turn the tunnel excavator toward the planned curve. Dig up. Each time a fixed length tunnel is excavated, a fixed length feed mud pipe equal to the length is added to the feed mud pipe lines 7 and 12. In addition, the motor unit A, the valve unit B, and the succeeding pipe 17 that have reached the reaching shaft are sequentially separated and removed to the ground side.

  In the above embodiment, as the cutter head 2 for excavating the ground in front, a structure in which a plurality of roller bits 2a are rotatably supported is employed. Even if a normal cutter head in which a plurality of spokes are provided in a radial pattern, a sand intake opening is provided between adjacent spokes, and a plurality of cutter bits protrude from the front of each spoke is used. Well, depending on the geology, it is not always necessary to provide a cone crusher composed of the inner cone 9a and the outer cone 9b.

A simplified longitudinal side view of a tunnel excavator. The front view. The simplified side view of the state installed in the shaft. The top view of a starting stand. The rear view. The simplified side view of the state which connected the succeeding pipe. The simplified side view which shows the state which embeds a buried pipe.

Explanation of symbols

A Motor unit B Valve unit 1 Shield body 2 Cutter head 3 Bulkhead 4 Drive motor 5 Cylindrical body
5a, 5b Front and rear cylinder parts 6 Valve 7 Mud drain pipe 8 Middle folding mechanism
10 Sediment uptake room

Claims (5)

  Equipped with a motor unit in which a cutter head drive motor is installed in a shield body that rotatably supports the cutter head at the front end, and a valve unit following this motor unit. A tunnel excavator characterized in that a valve provided in a mud conduit for excavating earth and sand is disposed in a cylindrical body composed of front and rear cylindrical parts joined to each other in a refractive manner.   The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the drive motor is a hydraulic motor.   The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein a shield main body forming a body of the motor unit and a front cylinder portion of the valve unit are integrally provided.   2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein a front cylindrical portion of the valve unit is detachably connected to a rear end of the shield main body forming the body of the motor unit.   A partition wall is provided at the front end of the shield body, the front end portion of the drive motor is supported in a penetrating state on the partition wall, and a rotating shaft protruding forward from the partition wall is connected to the cutter head. Item 3. A tunnel excavator according to item 2.

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