JP2010057351A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce noises of vibration and operation and improve the workability of winding a connection wire and a winding wire in an electric motor capable of varying the rotation speed of an armature by switching energization of three brushes. <P>SOLUTION: In the electric motor, the number of pairs of magnets 4 is two, the number of teeth is 16 and the number of segments is 16. The winding wire 12 and the connection wire 25 for forming an armature coil are integrally formed by a first conductor wire 110 and a second conductor wire 120, the winding wire 12 is split into first-fourth coil winding wires 7A, 7B, 7M and 7N and the split winding wires are adjacent to one another with a single teeth sandwiched and are wound around three teeth 9 adjacent to each other. A segment to which an end 31 of the fourth coil winding wire 7N is connected is adjacent to a segment to which an end 30 of the first coil winding wire 7A is connected. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric motor mounted on an automobile or the like, and more particularly to an electric motor capable of varying the rotation speed of an armature provided in the electric motor.

  Generally, a commutator motor with a brush is often used as an electric motor mounted on an automobile. The electric motor includes a cylindrical yoke, a plurality of permanent magnets arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the yoke, and an armature arranged inside the permanent magnet and rotatable with respect to the yoke. Yes. The armature includes a rotary shaft, an armature core fixed on the shaft and having a plurality of radially formed teeth, and a coil wound around the teeth. The coil has a plurality of windings wound on the teeth through slots formed between the teeth. Each winding is connected to a plurality of segments of a commutator fixed to the rotating shaft.

  The commutator is formed of a metal piece and has a plurality of segments insulated from each other and arranged in a cylindrical shape, and a winding start end and a winding end end of the winding are connected to each of the segments. A plurality of brushes are slidably connected to the commutator segment, and current is supplied to the coils via these brushes. A magnetic field is formed in the teeth of the armature core by the current flowing through the coil, and the armature rotates together with the rotating shaft by the magnetic attractive force and repulsive force generated between the permanent magnet fixed on the yoke and the teeth. To do.

  This electric motor includes a total of three brushes, a low speed brush and a high speed brush selectively connected to the positive electric terminal of the power source, and a common brush connected to the negative electric terminal of the power source. There is one that can change the rotation speed of an armature provided in an electric motor by selectively connecting one of high-speed brushes to a plus electric terminal (for example, Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 4 is a development view of a 4-pole 16-slot 16-segment electric motor 80 having four permanent magnets (two pole pairs), 16 teeth (slots), and 16 segments disclosed in Patent Document 1. . The permanent magnet 81 has N poles and S poles arranged alternately. The slot 83 is a space between the teeth 82 adjacent to each other. As shown in the figure, each tooth 82 and each segment 84 are numbered from 1 to 16.

  The winding 87 and the winding 88 arranged in a point-symmetrical position with respect to the winding 87 are wound around the teeth 82 by a so-called double flyer substantially simultaneously. The winding 87 is divided into two coil windings 93A and 93B and wound around teeth 82 having different numbers. That is, the winding 87 connected to the second segment 84e passes through the slot 83e between the 16th tooth 82 and the first tooth 82, and passes through the slot 83f between the third tooth 82 and the fourth tooth 82. The coil winding 93 </ b> A is formed by winding n times (n is a natural number) around the first, second, and third teeth 82 in the forward direction.

  Next, the winding 87 passes through the slot 83g between the 7th tooth 82 and the 8th tooth 82, and passes through the slot 83b between the 4th and 5th teeth 82, 5th, 6th and 7th. No. teeth 82 are wound n times in the opposite direction and connected to the No. 3 segment 84a to form a coil winding 93B. The slot 83g exists at a position where the mechanical angle is shifted by 90 ° in the circumferential direction from the slot 83f, and the slot 83b exists at a position where the mechanical angle is shifted by 90 ° in the circumferential direction from the slot 83e.

  On the other hand, the winding 88 is divided into two coil windings 93 </ b> C and 93 </ b> D and wound around the teeth 82 having different numbers. That is, the winding 88 connected to the 10th segment 84b passes through the slot 83h between the 8th tooth 82 and the 9th tooth 82 and passes through the slot 83i between the 11th tooth 82 and the 12th tooth 82. As described above, the coil winding 93 </ b> C is formed by winding n times (n is a natural number) around the ninth, tenth and eleventh teeth 82 in the forward direction.

  Next, the winding 88 passes through the slot 83j between the 15th tooth 82 and the 16th tooth 82, and passes through the slot 83d between the 12th and 13th teeth 82, and the 13th, 14th and 15th. No. teeth 82 are wound n times in the opposite direction and connected to the No. 11 segment 84c to form a coil winding 93D. The slot 83j exists at a position where the mechanical angle is shifted by 90 ° in the circumferential direction from the slot 83i, and the slot 83d exists at a position where the mechanical angle is shifted by 90 ° in the circumferential direction from the slot 83h.

  In the electric motor 80, the winding 87 and the winding 88 wound in this way are wound eight times while sequentially shifting the segments 84 that start winding in the circumferential direction one by one. The armature coil is formed by 88.

  The second segment 84e and the tenth segment 84b, and the third segment 84a and the eleventh segment 84c are short-circuited by the connection line 90. Further, the brush 91 that is in sliding contact with the segment 84 has three brushes: a low speed brush 92a and a high speed brush 92b that are selectively connected to the positive electrode terminal of the power source, and a common brush 92c that is connected to the negative electrode terminal of the power source. Consists of brushes. The low speed brush 92a and the common brush 92c are arranged with an electrical angle of 180 ° from each other.

  The high speed brush 92b is disposed in a state of being separated from the low speed brush 92a by a predetermined angle in the circumferential direction. When a current is supplied from the power source between the low speed brush 92a and the common brush 92c, the electric motor 80 is driven to rotate at a low speed, and a current is supplied from the power source between the high speed brush 92b and the common brush 92c. Then, the electric motor 80 is rotationally driven at a high speed. Since the second segment 84e and the tenth segment 84b, and the third segment 84a and the eleventh segment 84c are short-circuited by the connecting wire 90 and have the same potential, The three brushes 92a, 92b, and 92c can drive the electric motor 80 at low speed and high speed.

  Here, the winding 87 and the winding 88 of the electric motor 80 employ a configuration in which the coil winding is divided into two, for the following reason. When the winding 87 and the winding 88 are divided, the number of turns of the coil winding can be distributed to two (the number of turns is n and n). However, when the winding 87 is not divided, the number of turns of the coil 87A is 2n and the number of turns of the coil 88C is 2n.

  In this case, for example, the number of connecting wires 94A extending from the slot 83e to the slot 83f of the coil winding 93A and the connecting wires 94C extending from the slot 83h to the slot 83i of the coil winding 93C increases. For this reason, in the armature coil formed by multiple windings, when the coil windings 93A and 93C are wound so as to overlap the coil windings 93A and 93C that have already been wound, so-called winding thickening occurs. As a result, the axial dimension of the armature increases, and the space factor of the winding decreases.

  Therefore, in order to reduce the axial dimension of the armature and improve the space factor of the winding, a configuration of the coil winding divided into two is adopted. Further, as described above, in a multipolar electric motor having four or more poles, the rotational speed of the armature can be varied with three brushes, the axial dimension of the armature can be reduced, and the winding space factor can be reduced. In order to improve the above, it is useful to have a structure in which the connecting wire is arranged on the armature and a divided coil winding structure.

JP 2007-202391 A

  However, as shown in FIG. 4, the winding 87 and the winding 88 are connected by four connection lines 90a, 90b, 90c, 90d. Here, for example, when a current is supplied to the low speed brush 92a, approximately half of the current is supplied from the third segment 84a to the winding 87, and the remaining approximately half of the current is the third. The segment 84a is supplied from the eleventh segment 84c to the winding 88 via the connection line 90a and the connection line 90b.

  At this time, current may be supplied to the winding 88 via the connection line 90a and the connection line 90b, and the resistance values of the winding 87 and the winding 88 may be slightly different. Therefore, the current values of the currents supplied to the winding 87 and the winding 88 may be slightly different.

  As described above, when the current values of the currents supplied to the winding 87 and the winding 88 are slightly different, the three teeth 82 around which the winding 87 is wound and the winding 88 are wound. Thus, there may be a difference in electromagnetic force generated between the three teeth 82 disposed at positions where the mechanical angle is 180 ° opposite to the three teeth 82 wound with the winding 87.

  As described above, if there is a difference in electromagnetic force between the teeth 82 disposed at positions where the mechanical angles are opposed to each other by 180 °, the armature may be touched. If the armature touches around, vibration and operating noise generated from the electric motor 80 may increase.

  Further, as in the conventional example, in some armatures having connection lines, the connection lines are arranged in advance in a commutator, and then a winding is connected to the commutator. In this case, the work of attaching the conducting wire is performed twice or more, the workability is poor, and the cost is increased.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to reduce vibration and operating noise, to easily attach a connection line and a winding, and to make it possible to vary the rotation speed of the armature by switching the energization of three brushes. An electric motor is provided.

  In order to solve the above problems, an electric motor of the present invention includes a housing that is a magnetic yoke, two pairs of magnets fixed on the inner wall of the housing, a rotating shaft, and fixed on the rotating shaft, An armature core having 16 radially formed teeth, a commutator fixed on the rotating shaft and having 16 segments, and a plurality of coils wound around the teeth of the armature core and connected to the segments of the commutator An armature coil having a plurality of windings, and a plurality of connection wires connecting a pair of segments of the commutator, an armature disposed between the two pairs of magnets and rotatably supported by the housing; An electric motor comprising a plurality of brushes slidably contactable with the commutator segments of the armature, The armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire, and the plurality of windings include first to eighth windings made of the first conductive wire and first to eighth windings. The first to eighth windings are arranged at point-symmetric positions about the rotation axis, and are composed of other first windings to eighth windings that are the second windings. Are connected in series through each of the eight connecting lines formed from the first conducting wire, and the other first to eighth windings are connected to the second conducting wire. Each of the other eight connection lines to be formed is connected in series, and the first to eighth windings and the other first to eighth windings are connected in series. Of the first coil winding are connected to each other in series, and the end of the first coil winding is one of the commutators. And an end portion of the fourth coil winding is adjacent to a segment to which the end portion of the first coil winding is connected and a segment existing in a point-symmetrical position around the rotation axis. The first coil winding is connected to a segment and wound around three adjacent teeth, and the second coil winding is wound around three teeth around which the first coil winding is wound. On the other hand, it is disposed at a position adjacent to each other with one tooth interposed therebetween, and is wound around the other three adjacent teeth, and the third coil winding is wound around the second coil winding. One tooth is disposed at a position adjacent to one side opposite to the side where the first coil winding is present, and is wound around the other three teeth adjacent to each other, The fourth coil winding is The three teeth wound with the third coil winding are arranged at positions adjacent to each other across one tooth opposite to the side where the second coil winding exists, and adjacent to each other. The first coil winding and the third coil winding are wound in the same direction, and the second coil winding and the third coil are wound around the other three teeth. The winding direction of the coil winding 4 is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding, and each of the connection lines of the eighth connection line and each of the other eight connection lines. The connection line is connected to a pair of segments arranged opposite to each other, and the plurality of brushes are first and second brushes that are selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a second brush A third brush connected to the power supply terminal, the first brush The electrical angle of the second brush is about 180 degrees away from the third brush, and the second brush has a predetermined angle from the position of the electrical angle of about 180 degrees relative to the third brush. It is arrange | positioned in the distant position.

  The electric motor of the present invention includes a housing that is a magnetic yoke, two pairs of magnets fixed on the inner wall of the housing, a rotating shaft, and 16 radially formed teeth fixed on the rotating shaft. An armature core, a commutator fixed on the rotating shaft and having 16 segments, an armature coil having a plurality of windings wound around the teeth of the armature core and connected to the segments of the commutator; A plurality of connecting lines for connecting a pair of segments of the commutator, an armature that is surrounded by the two pairs of magnets and rotatably supported by the housing, and slides on the segment of the commutator of the armature. An electric motor comprising a plurality of contactable brushes, wherein the armature is a first conductor A plurality of windings, the first to eighth windings comprising the first conducting wire, and the first to eighth windings around the rotation axis; The first to eighth windings are arranged at symmetrical positions and are composed of other first to eighth windings made of the second winding, and the first to eighth windings are formed from the first conducting wire. Each of the eight connection lines to be formed is connected in series, and the other first to eighth windings are the other eight lines formed from the second conductive wire. The first to eighth windings and the other first to eighth windings are connected in series via the respective connection lines. Forming a connected first coil winding and a second coil winding, the end of the first coil winding being in one of the segments of the commutator; And the end of the second coil winding is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding is connected, and the first coil winding is adjacent to each other. It is wound around four teeth, and the second coil winding is disposed at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding is wound, and other four teeth adjacent to each other are arranged. The winding directions of the first coil winding and the second coil winding are opposite to each other, each of the eighth connection lines, and the other eight Each connection line of the connection lines is connected to a pair of segments arranged opposite to each other, and the plurality of brushes are first and second brushes that are selectively connected to a first power supply terminal. And a third brush connected to the second power supply terminal The first brush has an electrical angle of about 180 degrees with respect to the third brush, and the second brush has an electrical angle of about 180 with respect to the third brush. It is characterized by being arranged at a position away from the position separated by a predetermined angle.

  As described above, in the electric motor in which the rotation speed of the armature can be varied by switching the energization of the three brushes, the number of pairs of magnet poles is 2, and the number of teeth of the armature core is 16, The first to eighth windings made of a conducting wire and the other first to eighth windings made of a second conducting wire are arranged at a mechanical angle of 90 ° intervals and arranged over a mechanical angle of 360 °. By providing the first to fourth coil windings, a current having a uniform current value flows in each winding over a mechanical angle of 360 °. As a result, the armature is prevented from touching, and vibrations and operating sounds generated from the electric motor can be reduced. Further, by forming the windings and the connection lines in series using the first and second conductive wires, the workability of attaching the connection lines and the windings is improved.

It is a longitudinal view which shows the structure of the electric motor in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a layout drawing of the brush in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in a prior art example. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature which shows the winding state of the armature coil in 2nd other embodiment of this invention.

  Next, the electric motor 1 in which the first embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 is used, for example, as a driving device for an automobile wiper motor, a power window motor, a fan motor, or the like. The bottomed cylindrical yoke 2, the magnet 4 fixed on the inner wall of the yoke 2, and the armature 3 disposed in the yoke 2 surrounded by the magnet 4 and rotatably supported by the yoke 2. have. The magnet 4 is magnetized in four poles, the electric motor 1 is a so-called four-pole electric motor, and the number of pole pairs is two.

  The armature 3 includes an armature core 6 fixed on the rotating shaft 5, an armature coil 7 wound around the armature core 6, and a commutator (commutator) 13 fixed on the rotating shaft 5. . The armature core 6 is formed by laminating a plurality of metal plates in the axial direction. Sixteen teeth 9 formed in a T-shape are radially formed on the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. A plurality of metal plates are externally fitted to the rotary shaft 5, whereby a groove-like slot 11 is formed between adjacent teeth 9 on the outer periphery of the armature core 6.

  Sixteen slots 11 extend along the axial direction of the rotary shaft 5 and are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. Here, the number of teeth 9 or slots 11 is 16, and the number of pole pairs of magnet 4 is two. A plurality of enamel-coated windings 12 are wound between the slots 11, thereby forming an armature coil 7 on the outer periphery of the armature core 6.

  The commutator 13 is fixed on one end of the rotating shaft 5. On the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 13, 16 segments 14 made of a conductive material are attached. The segment 14 is made of a plate-like metal piece that is long in the axial direction, and is fixed on the insulating resin in parallel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction while being insulated from each other. A riser 15 bent in a folded shape is integrally formed at the end of each segment 14 on the armature core 6 side. The riser 15 is connected to the winding 12 serving as the winding start end 30 and the winding end 31 of the winding 12 of the armature coil 7. Thereby, the segment 14 and the coil | winding 12 of the armature coil 7 corresponding to this are electrically connected.

  Further, the risers 15 corresponding to the segments 14 (every eight segments 14 in the first embodiment) opposed to each other at a point-symmetrical position around the rotation axis 5 are connected by connection lines 25, respectively. ing. The connection line 25 is for short-circuiting the plurality of segments 14 having the same potential, and is disposed between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6.

  An end portion 5a of the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a bearing 16 disposed in a boss 2a formed to protrude from the yoke 2. A cover 17 is provided at the open end of the yoke 2, and a holder stay 18 is attached to the inside of the cover 17. Brush holders 19 are formed on the holder stay 18 at three locations in the circumferential direction. The brush holder 19 is provided with a brush 21 that can be moved in and out in a state where the brush 21 is urged through a coil-shaped spring S. Since these brushes 21 are urged by the coil-shaped spring S, the tip end portions of the brushes 21 are in sliding contact with the commutator 13, and current is supplied to the commutator 13 from the external power source (not shown) via the brush 21. Is done. The spring S is not limited to a coil shape, and may be a plate-like plate spring. One end of the plate spring is integrally attached to the end portion of the brush 21 and the other end of the plate spring. May be a so-called hammer brush configured to be attached to the brush holder 19.

  Next, the winding structure of the armature coil 7 provided in the electric motor 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a development view of the armature. In FIG. 3, each segment 14 and each tooth 9 of the commutator 13 are numbered.

  The armature coil 7 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a first conducting wire 110 and a second conducting wire 120 and is wound with a short-pitch winding. In FIG. 2, the first conductive wire 110 is indicated by a solid line, and the second conductive wire 120 is indicated by a broken line.

  The armature coil 7 includes first to eighth windings (61 to 68) formed by the first conducting wire 110 and other first to eighth windings (from 71 to 71) formed by the second conducting wire 120. 78). The first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and the other corresponding first to eighth windings (71 to 78) are point-symmetric about the rotation axis 5, respectively. It is arrange | positioned in the position which faced to radial direction.

  That is, the first winding pair (61, 71), the second winding pair (62, 72), and the third winding pair formed by the first conducting wire 110 and the second conducting wire 120. (63, 73), fourth winding pair (64, 74), fifth winding pair (65, 75), sixth winding pair (66, 76), seventh winding. The pair of pairs (67, 77) and the pair of eighth windings (68, 78) are arranged at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be point-symmetric about the rotation shaft 5.

  The first to eighth windings (61 to 68) are connected in series through eight connection lines 25, 25,. That is, the first winding 61, the connecting wire 25, the second winding 62, the connecting wire 25, the third winding 63, the connecting wire 25, the fourth winding 64, the connecting wire 25, and the fifth winding. A series of the first conducting wire 110 in the order of the wire 65, the connecting wire 25, the sixth winding 66, the connecting wire 25, the seventh winding 67, the connecting wire 25, the eighth winding 68, and the connecting wire 25. Is formed. Further, the connection lines 25 of the connection lines 25 connecting the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) are located at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 5. It is electrically and mechanically connected to risers 15 and 15 formed in a pair of arranged segments 14 and 14.

  On the other hand, the other first to eighth windings (71 to 78) are connected in series through eight connection lines 25, 25,. Yes. That is, the first winding 71, the connecting wire 25, the second winding 72, the connecting wire 25, the third winding 73, the connecting wire 25, the fourth winding 74, the connecting wire 25, the fifth winding. A series of wires 75, connecting wires 25, sixth windings 76, connecting wires 25, seventh windings 77, connecting wires 25, eighth windings 78, connecting wires 25 in the order of second conducting wires 110. Is formed. In addition, the connection lines 25 connecting the other first to eighth windings (71 to 78) face each other in the radial direction so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 5. It is electrically and mechanically connected to risers 15 and 15 formed in a pair of segments 14 and 14 arranged at positions.

  The first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and the other first to eighth windings (71 to 78) are respectively connected to the first to fourth coil windings (7A, 7B) connected in series. 7M, 7N). Each of the first to fourth coil windings (7A, 7B, 7M, 7N) is disposed at a substantially mechanical angle interval of 90 °, and the winding 12 is wound over substantially the entire circumference of the armature core 6. It is disguised. That is, each of the first to fourth coil windings (7A, 7B, 7M, 7N) is disposed at a position that can face the four magnets 4 provided in the electric motor 1 substantially simultaneously.

  The first coil winding 7A is wound six times clockwise (forward) around the three adjacent teeth 9, 9, 9, and the second coil winding 7B is the first coil winding. The three teeth 9, 9, 9 wound with 7A are arranged at positions adjacent to each other in the right direction D1 across one tooth 9, and surround the other three teeth 9, 9, 9 adjacent to each other. It is wound six times counterclockwise (reverse direction).

  The third coil winding 7M is adjacent to the three teeth 9, 9, 9 wound with the second coil winding 7B in the right direction D1 across one tooth 9 and adjacent to each other. The fourth coil winding 7N is wound six times clockwise (forward) around the three teeth 9, 9, 9, and the fourth coil winding 7N is wound around the three teeth 9, 9, 9 is wound six times counterclockwise (reverse direction) adjacent to the other three teeth 9, 9, 9 adjacent to each other in the right direction D1 with one tooth 9 interposed therebetween. That is, the first and third coil windings (7A, 7M) are wound in the same direction, and the second and fourth coil windings (7B, 7N) are the first and third coil windings (7A). , 7M).

  The end 30 of the first coil winding 7A is connected to one segment 14 of the commutator 13, and the end 31 of the fourth coil winding 7N is connected to the end 30 of the first coil winding 7A. The segment 14 is connected to the segment 14 adjacent in the right direction D1.

  In the first embodiment, the first conducting wire 110 and the second conducting wire 120 exist at point-symmetrical positions around the rotating shaft 5 formed on the armature core 6 by a so-called double flyer type winding machine. Wound around the teeth 9, 9,. The first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and the connection line 25 connecting them in series are formed by the first conducting wire 110, and the other first to eighth windings (71 are connected by the second conducting wire 120. To 78) and a connecting line 25 connecting them in series.

  In this way, in the double flyer type winding machine, the first conducting wire 110 and the second conducting wire 120 are wound around the armature core 6, so each winding of the first to eighth windings (61 to 68). The wire 12 and the windings 12 of the other first to ninth windings (71 to 78) corresponding to the wire 12 are wound in a state where the mechanical angle is shifted by 180 °. For example, in the first winding 61 and the other first winding 71 formed on the armature core 6 at substantially the same time, the respective first coil windings (7A, 7A) and the respective second coil windings. (7B, 7B), the respective third coil windings (7M, 7M), and the respective fourth coil windings (7N, 7N) are arranged at positions where the mechanical angles are shifted from each other by 180 °.

  Hereinafter, the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) formed by the first conducting wire 110 and the connecting wire 25 connecting them in series will be described in detail from the first winding 61. The first winding 61 formed by the first conductive wire 110 has first to fourth coil windings (7A, 7B, 7M, 7N) connected in series, respectively, and the first coil winding. The wire 7A is connected in series with a connection wire 25a formed from the first conductive wire 110, while the fourth coil winding 7N is connected to the connection wire 25b formed from the first conductive wire 110. It is connected to a series.

  The end 40 which is the starting point of the connecting wire 25a formed from the first conducting wire 110 is electrically and mechanically connected to the riser 15 formed in the 15th segment 14, and the connecting wire 25a The end 41 of the connecting line 25a, which is routed to D2, is electrically and mechanically connected to the riser 15 formed in the seventh segment 14. Here, the 15th segment 14 and the 7th segment 14 are arranged at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be point-symmetric about the rotation axis 5. The end portion 41 of the connecting wire 25a and the end portion 30 which is the starting point of the first coil winding 7A are connected in series, and the first coil winding 7A formed by the first conducting wire 110 is After being connected to the seventh segment 14 at the part 30, it is wound around the teeth 9.

  The first coil winding 7A passes through a slit 11a formed between the 16th tooth 9 and the 1st tooth 9 and a slit 11b formed between the 3rd tooth 9 and the 4th tooth 9. It is wound six times in the clockwise direction (forward direction) around three teeth 9 from No. 1 to No. 3 that are close to each other.

  The arrangement of the second coil winding 7B connected in series to the first coil winding 7A will be described below. The second coil winding 7B passes through a slit 11c formed between the 7th tooth 9 and the 8th tooth 9 and a slit 11d formed between the 4th tooth 9 and the 5th tooth 9. It is adjacent to the 1st to 4th teeth 9 with the 4th tooth 9 in between, and surrounds the 3rd to 9th teeth 9 that are adjacent to each other, opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding 7A. It is wound six times counterclockwise (reverse direction). The second coil winding 7B is opposed to the magnetic pole (S pole in the figure) having a different polarity with respect to the polarity (N pole in the figure) of the magnetic pole opposed to the first coil winding 7A. The coil winding 7A is wound in the opposite direction.

  The arrangement of the third coil winding 7M connected in series with the second coil winding 7B will be described below. The third coil winding 7M passes through a slit 11e formed between the 8th tooth 9 and the 9th tooth 9 and a slit 11e formed between the 11th tooth 9 and the 12th tooth 9; Winding direction of the second coil winding 7B with respect to the three teeth 9 of No. 5 to No. 7 surrounding the three teeth 9 of No. 9 to No. 11 adjacent to each other with the No. 8 tooth 9 therebetween. Is wound 6 times in the clockwise direction (forward direction) which is the opposite direction. The third coil winding 7M is opposed to the magnetic pole (N pole in the figure) having a different polarity with respect to the polarity (S pole in the figure) of the magnetic pole opposed to the second coil winding 7B. The coil winding 7B is wound in the opposite direction.

  The arrangement of the fourth coil winding 7N connected in series with the third coil winding 7M will be described below. The fourth coil winding 7N passes through a slit 11g formed between the 15th tooth 9 and the 16th tooth 9 and a slit 11h formed between the 12th tooth 9 and the 13th tooth 9; Winding direction of the third coil winding 7M with respect to the three teeth 9 from No. 9 to No. 11 surrounding the three teeth No. 13 to No. 15 adjacent to each other with the No. 12 tooth 9 interposed therebetween Is wound six times counterclockwise (in the reverse direction), which is the opposite direction. The fourth coil winding 7N faces the magnetic pole (S pole in the figure) having a different polarity with respect to the polarity of the magnetic pole (N pole in the figure) opposed to the third coil winding 7M. The coil winding 7M is wound in the opposite direction.

  The end 31 of the fourth coil winding 7N is formed in the eighth segment 14 adjacent in the right direction D1 with respect to the seventh segment 14 to which the end 30 of the first coil winding 7A is connected. Connected to riser 15.

  The first winding 61 and the second winding 62 wound around the armature core 6 following the first winding 61 are connected in series by a connection line 25 b formed by the first conducting wire 110. The end portion 42 which is the starting point of the connection line 25b and the end portion 31 of the fourth coil winding 7N provided in the first winding 61 are connected in series, and the end portion 42 is the riser of the eighth segment 14. 15 is electrically and mechanically connected. The connection line 25 b is routed in the left direction D <b> 2, and the end 43, which is the end point of the connection line 25 b, is electrically and mechanically connected to the riser 15 formed in the 16th segment 14. Here, the 16th segment 14 and the 8th segment 14 are arranged at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be point-symmetric about the rotation axis 5.

  The end portion 43 of the connection line 25b and the end portion 32 that is the starting point of the first coil winding 7A of the second winding 62 that is wound around the first winding 61 are connected in series. . The first coil winding 7 </ b> A of the second winding 62 is formed between the slit 11 i formed between the 9th tooth 9 and the 10th tooth 9, and between the 12th tooth 9 and the 13th tooth 9. Is wound six times clockwise around the three teeth 9 from No. 10 to No. 12. Thereafter, the same process as described above is repeated, and the armature core 6 includes first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and nine connection lines 25.

  Thus, the respective windings 12 of the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) are composed of the first coil winding 7A, the second coil winding 7B, the third coil winding 7M and the fourth coil winding 7A. The coil winding 7N is divided and wound around the armature core 6. Therefore, compared with the case of winding without dividing, the number of crossover wires 7C extending from one slot 11 to another slot 11 is small, and the thickness thereof is small.

  The first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and the connecting wire 25 connecting them in series are formed by arranging a single first conducting wire 110 to the armature core 6 and the commutator 13. Therefore, the time required for winding work is shortened compared with the case where the connecting wire is routed to the commutator 13 in advance and then the winding is routed, and the connecting wire and the winding are mounted on the armature core and the commutator. Is simplified.

  As described above, each winding 12 of the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) formed by the first conducting wire 110 and the other corresponding and formed by the second conducting wire 120. Each of the first to eighth windings (71 to 78) is a so-called double flyer type winding machine, and exists at a point-symmetrical position about the rotation axis 5 of the armature core 6. It is wound around the teeth 9 almost simultaneously.

  Accordingly, the respective windings 12 of the other first to eighth windings (71 to 78) corresponding to the respective windings 12 of the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) are mechanical angles with each other. Is wound around the armature core 6 in a state shifted by 180 °. That is, the other first winding 71 is wound around the armature core 6 with a mechanical angle of 180 ° with respect to the first winding 61, and the other second winding 72 is The second winding 62 is wound around the armature core 6 with a mechanical angle shifted by 180 °, and the other third winding 73 has a mechanical angle with respect to the third winding 63. The armature core 6 is wound around the armature core 6 in a state shifted by 180 °, and the other fourth winding 74 is wound around the armature core 6 in a state where the mechanical angle is shifted by 180 ° with respect to the fourth winding 64. Be dressed.

  Similarly, the other fifth winding 75 is wound around the armature core 6 with a mechanical angle of 180 ° with respect to the fifth winding 65, and the other sixth winding 76 is The sixth winding 66 is wound around the armature core 6 with the mechanical angle being shifted by 180 ° from each other, and the other seventh winding 77 is mechanically connected to the seventh winding 67. The armature core 6 is wound around the armature core 6 in a state where the angle is shifted by 180 °, and the other eighth winding 78 is in a state where the mechanical angle is shifted from the eighth winding 68 by 180 °. The other ninth winding 79 is wound around the armature core 6 with a mechanical angle of 180 ° with respect to the ninth winding 69.

  Hereinafter, other first to eighth windings (71 to 78) formed by the second conducting wire 120 and the connecting wire 25 connecting them in series will be described from the other first winding 71.

  The other first winding 71 formed by the second conducting wire 120 includes a first coil winding 7A, a second coil winding 7B connected in series with the first coil winding 7B, and a second coil winding 7B. The third coil winding 7M is connected in series with the second coil winding 7B, and the fourth coil winding 7N is connected in series with the third coil winding 7M. Here, the first coil winding 7 </ b> A is connected in series with a connection line 25 c formed from the second conductive wire 120, while the fourth coil winding 7 </ b> N is similarly connected to the second conductive wire 120. Are connected in series to a connecting line 25d.

  The end 45, which is the starting point of the connecting wire 25c formed from the second conducting wire 120, is electrically and mechanically connected to the riser 15 formed in the seventh segment 14, and the connecting wire 25c is in the left direction D2. The end portion 46 which is routed and is the end point of the connection line 25 c is electrically and mechanically connected to the riser 15 of the 15th segment 12. Here, the seventh segment 14 and the fifteenth segment 14 are arranged at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be point-symmetric about the rotation axis 5. The end portion 46 of the connection line 25c and the end portion 34 which is the starting point of the first coil winding 7A are connected in series, and the first coil winding 7A formed by the second conducting wire 120 is the end portion. It is wound on teeth 9 from 34.

  The first coil winding 7A passes through a slit 11e formed between the 8th tooth 9 and the 9th tooth 9 and a slit 11f formed between the 11th tooth 9 and the 12th tooth 9 and is close to each other. The 9th teeth 9 to 11th teeth 9 are wound 6 times clockwise.

  The arrangement of the second coil winding 7B connected in series to the first coil winding 7A will be described below. The second coil winding 7B passes through a slit 11f formed between the 17th tooth 9 and the 18th tooth 9 and a slit 11g formed between the 15th tooth 9 and the 16th tooth 9 and passes through the 9th. To the three teeth 9 of No. 11 to No. 11, surrounding the three teeth 9 of No. 13 to No. 15 that are adjacent to each other in the right direction D1 with the No. 12 teeth 9 in between and adjacent to each other. The wire is wound six times in the counterclockwise direction (reverse direction) opposite to the winding direction of the wire 7A. The second coil winding 7B is opposed to the magnetic pole (S pole in the figure) having a different polarity with respect to the polarity (N pole in the figure) of the magnetic pole opposed to the first coil winding 7A. The coil winding 7A is wound in the opposite direction.

  The arrangement of the third coil winding 7M connected in series with the second coil winding 7B will be described below. The third coil winding 7M passes through a slit 11a formed between the 16th tooth 9 and the 1st tooth 9 and a slit 11b formed between the 3rd tooth 9 and the 4th tooth 9. Winding direction of the second coil winding 7B with the three teeth 9 from No. 1 to No. 3 surrounding the three teeth No. 1 to No. 3 that are adjacent to each other with the No. 16 tooth 9 interposed therebetween Is wound 6 times in the clockwise direction (forward direction) which is the opposite direction. The third coil winding 7M is opposed to the magnetic pole (N pole in the figure) having a different polarity with respect to the polarity (S pole in the figure) of the magnetic pole opposed to the second coil winding 7B. The coil winding 7B is wound in the opposite direction.

  The arrangement of the fourth coil winding 7N connected in series with the third coil winding 7M will be described below. The fourth coil winding 7N passes through a slit 11c formed between the 7th tooth 9 and the 8th tooth 9, and a slit 11d formed between the 4th tooth 9 and the 5th tooth 9. Winding direction of the third coil winding 7M with respect to the three teeth 9 from No. 1 to No. 3 surrounding the three teeth 9 from No. 5 to No. 7 adjacent to each other with the No. 4 teeth 9 therebetween Is wound six times counterclockwise (in the reverse direction), which is the opposite direction. The fourth coil winding 7N faces the magnetic pole (S pole in the figure) having a different polarity with respect to the polarity of the magnetic pole (N pole in the figure) opposed to the third coil winding 7M. The coil winding 7M is wound in the opposite direction.

  The end 35 of the fourth coil winding 7N is formed in the 16th segment 14 adjacent in the right direction D1 with respect to the 15th segment 14 to which the end 34 of the first coil winding 7A is connected. Connected to riser 15.

  The other first winding 71 and the other second winding 72 are connected in series by a connection line 25d that is also formed by the second conducting wire 120. The end portion 47 which is the starting point of the connection line 25d and the end portion 35 of the fourth coil winding 7N provided in the other first winding 71 are connected in series, and the end portion 47 is connected to the seventh segment 14. The riser 15 is electrically and mechanically connected. The connection line 25d is routed in the left direction D2, and the end 48 that is the end point of the connection line 25d is electrically and mechanically connected to the riser 15 of the eighth segment 14. Here, the 16th segment 14 and the 8th segment 14 are arranged at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be point-symmetric about the rotation axis 5.

  The end portion 48 that is the starting point of the first coil winding 7A of the other second winding 72 that is continuously wound around the other first winding 71, and the end portion 36 of the connection line 25d are a series. It is connected. The first coil winding 7A of the other second winding 72 includes a slit 11j formed between the first tooth 9 and the second tooth 9, and the fourth tooth 9 and the fifth tooth 9. It passes through a slit 11d formed between them and is wound six times clockwise around three teeth 9 from No. 2 to No. 4. Thereafter, the same process as described above is repeated, and the armature core 6 includes other first to eighth windings (71 to 78) and eight connection lines 25.

  As described above, the other windings 12 of the first to eighth windings (71 to 78) are divided into the first coil winding 7A and the second coil winding 7B and wound around the armature core 6. Compared to the case of winding without dividing, the thickness of the crossover 7C from one slot 11 to the other slot 11 is smaller. Further, the other first to ninth windings (71 to 79) and the connecting line 25 connecting them in series arrange the single first winding 71 to the armature core 6 and the commutator 13 and form them. Has been. For this reason, the connecting wire is routed to the commutator 13 in advance, and then the winding work time is shortened, compared to those in which the winding is routed, and the connecting wire and the winding to the armature core and the commutator are reduced. Installation is simple.

  Thus, the respective windings 12 of the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and the other first to ninth windings (71 to 78) are connected to the first coil winding 7A and the first windings 7A. It is divided into two coil windings 7B and wound around the armature core 6, and the thickness of each connecting wire 7C is reduced. Therefore, the first to ninth windings (61 to 69) and the other first to ninth windings (71 to 72) that are wound so as to overlap sequentially from the outside of the winding 12 that has already been wound. In the armature coil 7 formed by the above method, the winding thickness due to the overlapping of the crossover wires 7C is reduced.

  Thereby, size reduction of the axial direction which is a part in which the crossover 7C exists is achieved. Further, by reducing the winding thickness, the first and second conducting wires 110 and 120 can be easily inserted into the slot 11, and the ratio of the winding 12 to be closed in the space in the slot 11, that is, the space factor is improved. . For this reason, the space in the slot 11 can be reduced, and the radial dimension of the armature core 6 can be reduced. Thereby, the miniaturization of the electric motor 1 as a whole is achieved.

  Further, the first coil winding 7A and the second coil winding of the windings 12 of the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and the other first to eighth windings (71 to 78), respectively. The wire 7B, the third coil winding 7M and the fourth coil winding 7N are connected in series with each other and can face each of the four magnets 4 provided in the electric motor 1 at every mechanical angle of 90 °. The armature core 6 is arranged at a position so as to surround the entire circumference. Therefore, an equal current flows through the first coil winding 7A, the second coil winding 7B, the third coil winding 7M, and the fourth coil winding 7N, and is generated in the armature coil 7 around the armature 3. Magnetic imbalance is offset. Therefore, the radial component of the electromagnetic force generated in the armature 3 is canceled out.

  In this way, the radial direction component of the electromagnetic force generated in the armature 3 is canceled, so that the touching of the armature 3 is suppressed, and the vibration and operating noise of the electric motor 1 caused by the touching of the armature 3 are reduced. .

  The first winding 61 and the other first winding 71, which are arranged in a position opposite to each other in the radial direction so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 5, are connected to each other by a connection line 25a and a connection line 25c. It is connected. Therefore, the first winding 61 and the other first winding 71 are connected in parallel by the connection line 25a and the connection line 25c. As described above, the first to eighth windings (61 to 68) and the other first to 89 windings (71 to 78) are radially symmetric so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 5. The windings 12 and 12 arranged at positions facing each other are connected in parallel by two connecting lines 25 and 25, respectively. Therefore, even in the case of the four-pole electric motor 1 as in the first embodiment, basically, the armature 3 is rotated by feeding power from two places arranged at an electrical angle of 180 degrees. be able to.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the brush 21 includes a low-speed brush 21a and a high-speed brush 21b that are selectively connected to the anode (first power supply terminal) of the power source, and the low-speed brush 21a or the high-speed brush 21b. The common brush 21c is used in common with the brush 21b, and is connected to the cathode (second power supply terminal) of the power source. The low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c are disposed with an electrical angle of 180 ° and a mechanical angle of 90 ° in the circumferential direction. On the other hand, the high speed brush 21b is spaced apart from the low speed brush 21a by an angle α in the circumferential direction. In the first embodiment, the common brush 21c is connected to the cathode (second power supply terminal) of the power source, and the low speed brush 21a and the high speed brush 21b are connected to the anode (first power supply terminal). However, it may be connected in the opposite direction.

  Here, the segments 14 having the same potential in the commutator 13, that is, the segments 14 arranged at positions opposed to each other in the radial direction so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 5 around the rotation axis 5 are Since the connection line 25 is short-circuited, the segments that are not in sliding contact with the brush 21 are also supplied with power through the connection line 25. Therefore, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 3, the brushes 21a ′, 21b ′, and 21c ′ are also present at positions facing each other around the rotation axis 5 of the brushes 21a, 21b, and 21c. A current is supplied to the segment 14 having the same potential.

  According to this, the high speed brush 21b 'exists at a position advanced by an angle θ relative to the low speed brush 21a. The electric motor 1 is supplied with current by the common brush 21c and the low speed brush 21a during low rotation driving, and by the common brush 21c and the high speed brush 21b during high rotation driving. For this reason, the electric motor 1 is advanced by the high-speed brush 21b during high rotation driving, and operates at higher rotation than during low rotation driving. Here, the advance angle θ is set to 20 ° to 35 ° in the first embodiment.

  Since the commutator 13 is provided with the connection line 25 for short-circuiting the segment 14 to be at the same potential, the low-speed brush 21a and the high-speed brush arranged away from the low-speed brush 21a by an angle α in the circumferential direction. By installing three brushes 21b and a common brush 21c commonly used for the low speed brush 21a and the high speed brush 21b, it is possible to provide the electric motor 1 capable of switching the rotation speed. Become. Furthermore, since the number of brushes does not increase even if the number of pole pairs is 2, the manufacturing cost of the electric motor 1 does not increase.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated to the same aspect as 1st Embodiment.
In this second embodiment, the electric motor 1 is a 4-pole 16-slot 16-segment motor having four magnets 4, 16 slots 11, and 16 segments 14, and the brush 21 is a power source. The low-speed brush 21a and the high-speed brush 21b that are selectively connected to the anode (first power supply terminal) and the low-speed brush 21a or the high-speed brush 21b are used in common, and the cathode of the power source (first The basic configuration of the electric motor 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, including the common brush 21c connected to the second power supply terminal).

Here, the armature coil 107 wound around the armature core 6 of the second embodiment includes a first conducting wire 210 and a second conducting wire 220, and is wound in a full-pitch manner.
More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the armature coil 107 is formed by first to eighth windings (161 to 168) formed by the first conductive wire 210 and the second conductive wire 220. It has other first to eighth windings (171 to 178). The first to eighth windings (161 to 168) and the other corresponding first to eighth windings (171 to 178) are point-symmetric about the rotation axis 5, respectively. It is arrange | positioned in the position which faced to radial direction.

  That is, the first winding pair (161, 171), the second winding pair (162, 172), and the third winding pair formed by the first conducting wire 210 and the second conducting wire 220. (163, 173), fourth winding pair (164, 174), fifth winding pair (165, 175), sixth winding pair (166, 176), seventh winding The pair of windings (167, 177) and the pair of eighth windings (168, 178) are arranged at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotating shaft 5, respectively.

  The first to eighth windings (161 to 168) are connected in series through eight connection lines 25, 25,. That is, the first winding 161, the connecting wire 25, the second winding 162, the connecting wire 25, the third winding 163, the connecting wire 25, the fourth winding 164, the connecting wire 25, the fifth winding. A series of lines 165, connection lines 25, sixth windings 166, connection lines 25, seventh windings 167, connection lines 25, eighth windings 168, and connection lines 25 in this order in the first conductor 210. Is formed. In addition, the connection lines 25 connecting the first to eighth windings (161 to 168) are positioned at positions facing each other in the radial direction so as to be symmetric with respect to each other about the rotation axis 5. It is electrically and mechanically connected to risers 15 and 15 formed in a pair of arranged segments 14 and 14.

  On the other hand, the other first to eighth windings (171 to 178) are connected in series through eight connection lines 25, 25,. Yes. That is, the first winding 171, the connecting wire 25, the second winding 172, the connecting wire 25, the third winding 173, the connecting wire 25, the fourth winding 174, the connecting wire 25, the fifth winding. A series of wires 175, connecting wire 25, sixth winding 176, connecting wire 25, seventh winding 177, connecting wire 25, eighth winding 178, connecting wire 25 in this order in second conducting wire 220. Is formed. Further, the connection lines 25 connecting the other first to eighth windings (171 to 178) are opposed to each other in the radial direction so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 5. It is electrically and mechanically connected to risers 15 and 15 formed in a pair of segments 14 and 14 arranged at positions.

  The first to eighth windings (161 to 168) and the other first to eighth windings (171 to 178) are respectively connected to the first coil winding 107A and the second coil connected in series. Winding 107B is formed. The first coil winding 107 </ b> A and the second coil winding 107 </ b> B are arranged at an interval of about 90 ° in mechanical angle, and the winding 12 is wound over a substantially half circumference of the armature core 6. Yes. That is, the first coil winding 7 </ b> A and the second coil winding 7 </ b> B are respectively omitted from two magnets 4 adjacent to each other and having different magnetic poles among the four magnets 4 provided in the electric motor 1. It is arranged at a position where it can be simultaneously opposed.

The first coil winding 107A is wound six times in the clockwise direction (forward direction) around the four adjacent teeth 9, ..., and the second coil winding 107B is the first coil winding 107A. The four teeth 9,... Are wound six times counterclockwise (reverse direction) around the other four teeth 9, which are arranged adjacent to each other in the right direction D1 and are adjacent to each other. ing.
The end 30 of the first coil winding 107A is connected to one segment 14 of the commutator 13, and the end 31 of the second coil winding 107B is connected to the end 30 of the first coil winding 7A. The segment 14 is connected to the segment 14 adjacent in the right direction D1.

  The first conducting wire 210 and the second conducting wire 220 of the second embodiment are formed on the armature core 6 by a so-called double flyer-type winding machine, as in the first embodiment described above. Is wound at substantially the same time on the teeth 9, which are symmetrical with respect to the center. The first to eighth windings (161 to 168) and the connection line 25 connecting them in series are formed by the first conducting wire 210, and the other first to eighth windings (171) are formed by the second conducting wire 120. 178) and connecting lines 25 connecting them in series.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the segments 14 to which the end 30 of the first coil winding 107A and the end 31 of the second coil winding 107B are connected may be adjacent to each other. The windings 161 to 178 may be arranged so as to be twisted between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6. Thus, by twisting each winding 161-178, it becomes possible to suppress the winding thickness under the neck of the commutator 13.

Next, the winding procedure of the first to eighth windings (161 to 168) formed by the first conducting wire 210 and the connecting wire 25 connecting them in series will be described with reference to FIG.
Here, in order to simplify the description in FIG. 6, a coil winding wound six times clockwise (forward) around the fifth to eighth teeth 9 is referred to as a first coil winding 107A. A coil winding wound six times counterclockwise (reverse direction) surrounding the 9th to 12th teeth 9 is referred to as a second coil winding 107B, and the description of the other coil windings is omitted.

  First, for example, the end 30 of the first coil winding 107A of the first winding 161 is connected to the riser 15 of the 10th segment 14, and then the first winding 161 is connected to the 5th to 8th teeth 9. The first coil winding 107A is formed by surrounding and winding six times clockwise (forward direction). Subsequently, the second coil winding 107B is formed by encircling the ninth to twelfth teeth 9 six times counterclockwise (reverse direction).

Thereafter, the end portion 31 of the second coil winding 107B is wound around the riser 15 of the third segment 14, for example. Then, the first conducting wire 210 is routed in the left direction D2 as it is and hung around the riser 15 of the 11th segment 14 which becomes the 3rd segment 14 and the conductive position. As a result, a connection line 25 is formed between the third and eleventh segments 14 and 14.
Subsequently, the first conducting wire 210 wound around the 11th segment 14 is routed toward the 6th tooth 9 adjacent to the 5th tooth 9, and again the first coil winding 107A and the second A coil winding 107B is formed.

  By repeating this, the armature coil 107 is formed on the armature core 6. In addition, since the 1st conducting wire 210 and the 2nd conducting wire 220 of this 2nd Embodiment are wound by what is called a double flyer type winding machine, for example, it is 1st to 5th-8th teeth 9 first. When the coil winding 107A is formed, substantially simultaneously with this, the 13th to 16th teeth 9 that are in a point-symmetrical position about the rotation shaft 5 with respect to the 5th to 8th teeth 9 are also applied. A first coil winding 107A is formed.

Therefore, according to the second embodiment described above, since a current having a uniform current value can flow over a mechanical angle of 180 °, vibration generated from the electric motor 1 while enabling the rotation speed of the electric motor 1 to be switched. In addition, it is possible to reduce the operating noise.
In addition, the winding workability can be improved by forming the coil windings 107A and 107B and the connection line 25 in series.
Furthermore, the effect of converging the magnetic flux can be increased by using full-pitch winding as compared with short-pitch winding. For this reason, the height of the coil end of the armature core 6 can be reduced correspondingly, and the armature 3 can be reduced in size.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric motor 2 Yoke 3 Armature 4 Magnet 5 Rotating shaft 6 Armature core 7, 107 Armature coils 7A, 107A First coil winding 7B, 107B Second coil winding 7M Third coil winding 7N Fourth coil Winding 7C Crossover
9 Teeth 11 Slot 12 Winding 13 Commutator
14 segment 15 riser 16 bearing 21 brush 21a low speed brush 21b high speed brush 21c common brush 25 connection line 30 end (end of first coil winding)
31 end (end of second coil winding)
61 to 68, 161 to 168 First to eighth windings 71 to 78, 171 to 178 Other first to eighth windings 110, 210 First conducting wire 120, 220 Second conducting wire

Claims (2)

A housing that is a magnetic yoke;
Two pairs of magnets fixed on the inner wall of the housing;
A rotary shaft, an armature core fixed on the rotary shaft and having 16 radially formed teeth, a commutator fixed on the rotary shaft and having 16 segments, and surrounding the teeth of the armature core An armature coil that is wound and has a plurality of windings connected to segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connection lines that connect a pair of segments of the commutator, and is surrounded by the two pairs of magnets, An armature rotatably supported by the housing;
An electric motor comprising: a plurality of brushes slidably contactable with the commutator segment of the armature;
The armature has a first conductor and a second conductor,
The plurality of windings are:
First to eighth windings made of the first conducting wire;
The first to eighth windings are arranged at point-symmetric positions around the rotation axis, and are composed of other first to eighth windings comprising the second winding. ,
The first to eighth windings are connected to each other in series through connection lines of eight connection lines formed from the first conductive wire,
The other first to eighth windings are connected to each other in series through the connecting lines of the other eight connecting lines formed from the second conducting wire,
The first to eighth windings and the other first to eighth windings form first to fourth coil windings connected in series, respectively;
The end of the first coil winding is connected to one of the segments of the commutator, and the end of the fourth coil winding is connected to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding is connected. Connected to a segment adjacent to a segment existing in a point-symmetrical position around the rotation axis;
The first coil winding is:
Wrapped around three adjacent teeth,
The second coil winding is:
With respect to the three teeth wound with the first coil winding, they are arranged at positions adjacent to each other with one tooth interposed therebetween, wound around the other three teeth adjacent to each other,
The third coil winding is
The three teeth around which the second coil winding is wound are arranged at positions adjacent to each other across one tooth opposite to the side where the first coil winding exists, and adjacent to each other. Wrapped around the other three teeth
The fourth coil winding is
The three teeth around which the third coil winding is wound are arranged at positions adjacent to each other with one tooth opposite to the side where the second coil winding exists, and adjacent to each other. Wrapped around the other three teeth
The winding directions of the first coil winding and the third coil winding are the same direction.
The winding direction of the second coil winding and the fourth coil winding is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding,
Each connection line of the eighth connection line and each connection line of the other eight connection lines are connected to a pair of segments arranged to face each other,
The plurality of brushes include first and second brushes that are selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush that is connected to a second power supply terminal,
The first brush is disposed at a position where the electrical angle is about 180 degrees away from the third brush,
The electric motor according to claim 2, wherein the second brush is disposed at a position separated from the third brush by a predetermined angle from a position at an electrical angle of about 180 degrees. A housing that is a magnetic yoke;
Two pairs of magnets fixed on the inner wall of the housing;
A rotary shaft, an armature core fixed on the rotary shaft and having 16 radially formed teeth, a commutator fixed on the rotary shaft and having 16 segments, and surrounding the teeth of the armature core An armature coil that is wound and has a plurality of windings connected to segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connection lines that connect a pair of segments of the commutator, and is surrounded by the two pairs of magnets, An armature rotatably supported by the housing;
An electric motor comprising: a plurality of brushes slidably contactable with the commutator segment of the armature;
The armature has a first conductor and a second conductor,
The plurality of windings are:
First to eighth windings made of the first conducting wire;
The first to eighth windings are arranged at point-symmetric positions around the rotation axis, and are composed of other first to eighth windings comprising the second winding. ,
The first to eighth windings are connected to each other in series through connection lines of eight connection lines formed from the first conductive wire,
The other first to eighth windings are connected to each other in series through the connecting lines of the other eight connecting lines formed from the second conducting wire,
The first to eighth windings and the other first to eighth windings are respectively connected in series to the first coil winding and the second coil winding. Form the
The end of the first coil winding is connected to one of the segments of the commutator, and the end of the second coil winding is connected to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding is connected. Connected to adjacent segments,
The first coil winding is:
Wrapped around four adjacent teeth,
The second coil winding is:
The first coil winding is disposed at a position adjacent to the four teeth wound, and is wound around the other four teeth adjacent to each other;
Winding directions of the first coil winding and the second coil winding are opposite to each other;
Each connection line of the eighth connection line and each connection line of the other eight connection lines are connected to a pair of segments arranged to face each other,
The plurality of brushes include first and second brushes that are selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush that is connected to a second power supply terminal,
The first brush is disposed at a position where the electrical angle is about 180 degrees away from the third brush,
The electric motor according to claim 2, wherein the second brush is disposed at a position separated from the third brush by a predetermined angle from a position at an electrical angle of about 180 degrees.

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