JP2007259637A - Armature for electric motor, the electric motor and winding method of armature for the electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an armature for electric motor in which the size and weight of the electric motor can be reduced, by preventing thickening due to windings between a commutator and an armature core and applying the winding between the slots with high density, and to provide the electric motor and a winding method of the armature for the electric motor. <P>SOLUTION: The armature for the electric motor is connected electrically between adjoining commutator strips 14, a first coil 7a and a second coil 7b wound in the reverse direction are provided at positions point symmetric to the rotating shaft 5, and at least any one of the start-of-winding 30 of the first coil 7a and the end-of-winding 40 of the second coil 7b is wound around the rotating shaft 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an armature for an electric motor mounted on a vehicle or the like, an electric motor, and a winding method for the armature for an electric motor.

  In general, many electric motors with brushes are used as electric motors mounted on vehicles such as automobiles. This type of motor has a configuration in which an armature around which an armature coil is wound is rotatably disposed inside a cylindrical yoke having a magnet attached to the inner peripheral surface thereof. The armature has an armature core that is externally fixed to a rotating shaft, and the armature core has a plurality of slots that are long in the axial direction. A plurality of coils are formed in this slot by winding windings at predetermined intervals. Each coil is electrically connected to each commutator piece attached to the rotating shaft. Each commutator piece is slidable in contact with the brush, and a magnetic field is formed by supplying power to the coil through the brush. The rotating shaft is driven by the magnetic attractive force and repulsive force generated between the magnets of the yoke. Is done.

  By the way, in such an electric motor, for example, there is no problem when a pair of brushes reliably contact two of the plurality of commutator pieces, but one brush contacts one commutator piece and the other brush If the two commutator pieces come into contact with each other, there will be a difference in the number of coils in the equivalent electric circuit, and the current flowing through each coil will vary, causing vibration and noise in the electric motor. End up. Therefore, an armature for an electric motor that reduces vibration and noise by using an electric motor with a magnetic balance has been proposed.

An example of this will be described based on the development of the armature shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, for example, when 12 commutator pieces 81 and 12 teeth 82 are assigned numbers 1 to 12, respectively, the winding 83 is unwound from the third commutator piece 81, and 1-2. The first coil 85 is wound between the slot 84a between the second teeth 82 and the slot 84b between the sixth and seventh teeth 82 to form the first coil 85, and the winding 83 is then connected to the slots 84a and 84b in diameter. It is wound n times between the slot 84c between the 12-1 teeth 82 and the slot 84d between the 7-8 teeth 82 that are opposite to each other, that is, at a position rotated 180 ° in the circumferential direction. The second coil 86 is formed. The second coil 86 is wound in the direction opposite to that of the first coil 85, and then connected to the fourth commutator piece 81. Similarly, each winding is unwound from each commutator piece 81 and wound between a pair of opposed slots to form a coil, whereby a plurality of coils are formed around the circumference of the armature core.
Therefore, even if the brush contacts the adjacent commutator pieces, there is no difference in the number of coils in the equivalent electric circuit (for example, see Patent Document 1).
JP 2002-305861 A

However, in the above-described prior art, as shown in FIG. 18, the first coil 85 and the second coil 86 are directly connected to the commutator piece 81, and therefore between the commutator 88 and the armature core 87 (FIG. 14). Middle D part) becomes thick. For this reason, for example, in the case where there is a high demand for reduction in size and weight due to restrictions on the arrangement space, such as an electric motor attached to a vehicle such as an automobile, the electric motor is reduced in size and weight while maintaining the motor performance. There is a problem that it is difficult.
In particular, in the case where measures are taken so as not to cause a difference in the number of coils in the equivalent electric circuit as described above, the routing path when the second coil 86 is connected to the fourth commutator piece 81 is unavoidable. It became long and became a big cause of roll over.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides an armature for an electric motor that prevents the winding due to the winding between the commutator and the armature core and can reduce the size and weight of the electric motor by winding the winding at high density between the slots. An electric motor and an armature winding method for the electric motor are provided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention described in claim 1 is provided with a plurality of teeth that are attached to a rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction, and are formed between the teeth and extend along the axial direction. In an armature for an electric motor comprising an armature core having a plurality of slots for winding a coil, and a commutator provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a commutator piece disposed in a circumferential direction. A first coil and a second coil, which are electrically connected between the commutator pieces and wound in opposite directions between the slots which are located at point-symmetric positions with respect to the rotation axis, are provided; At least one of the winding start end of the first coil and the winding end end of the second coil is wound around the rotating shaft. .
By comprising in this way, the coil | winding routed between a commutator and an armature core can be wired in the vicinity of a rotating shaft in at least any one of a 1st coil and a 2nd coil.

The invention described in claim 2 is a two-pole electric motor using the armature for an electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the first brush is slidably contacted with the commutator, and the first brush has a predetermined angle in the circumferential direction. A second brush that is provided in a separated manner and that is in sliding contact with the commutator; and a third brush that is in sliding contact with the commutator and that is used together with either the first brush or the second brush. To do.
By comprising in this way, in the armature used for the two-pole electric motor provided with a 1st brush, a 2nd brush, and a 3rd brush, the 1st coil of the coil | winding routed between a commutator and an armature core It is possible to route at least one of the second coil and the second coil in the vicinity of the rotation axis.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there are provided a plurality of teeth that are attached to the rotating shaft and extend radially in the radial direction, and a plurality of teeth that are formed between the teeth and extend along the axial direction to wind the coil. In a winding method of an armature for an electric motor, comprising: an armature core having a slot; and a commutator provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a commutator piece disposed in a circumferential direction. A first coil and a second coil are wound in opposite directions between the slots that are electrically connected and are located symmetrically with respect to each other about the rotation axis, and a winding start end of the first coil At least one of the winding end of the second coil is wound around the rotating shaft.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in at least one of the first coil and the second coil, the winding routed between the commutator and the armature core can be routed in the vicinity of the rotating shaft. it can. For this reason, in the electric armature, it is possible to prevent the winding thickening due to the winding between the commutator and the armature core, and to wind the winding with high density between the slots.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, in the armature used in the two-pole electric motor including the first brush, the second brush, and the third brush, the winding wire arranged between the commutator and the armature core, At least one of the first coil and the second coil can be routed near the rotation axis. For this reason, it is possible to use an armature in which windings are wound at high density between slots. Therefore, the electric motor can be reduced in size and weight.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, it is possible to prevent winding thickening due to the winding between the commutator and the armature core, and to manufacture the electric armature in which the winding is wound with high density between the slots. it can.

Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, the electric motor 1 is used in an automobile wiper device, and has a configuration in which an armature 3 is rotatably arranged in a bottomed cylindrical motor housing 2. A pair of permanent magnets 4 a and 4 b are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the motor housing 2 in the circumferential direction. The electric motor 1 is constituted by two poles by the permanent magnets 4a and 4b.

  The armature 3 includes an armature core 6 fixed to the rotary shaft 5, an armature coil 7 wound around the armature core 6, and a commutator (commutator) 13 disposed on one end side of the armature core 6. Yes. The armature core 6 is obtained by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 8 in the axial direction. A plurality of T-shaped teeth 9 (see FIG. 5) are radially formed on the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate 8 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction (12 in this embodiment). By fitting a plurality of metal plates 8 to the rotating shaft 5, dovetail-shaped slots 11 are formed between adjacent teeth 9 on the outer periphery of the armature core 6. The slots 11 extend along the axial direction, and a plurality (12) of slots 11 are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. An enamel-wrapped winding 12 is wound between the slots 11, whereby a plurality of armature coils 7 are formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 6.

  The commutator 13 is externally fitted and fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 5. A plurality (12 in this embodiment) of commutator pieces 14 made of a conductive material are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 13. The commutator piece 14 is made of a plate-like metal piece that is long in the axial direction, and is fixed in parallel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction while being insulated from each other. A riser 15 is integrally formed at the end of each commutator piece 14 on the armature core 6 side so as to be folded back to the outer diameter side. A winding 12 serving as a winding start end and a winding end end of the armature coil 7 is wound around the riser 15, and the winding 12 is fixed to the riser 15 by fusing. Thereby, the commutator piece 14 and the armature coil 7 corresponding to this are electrically connected.

  The other end of the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a bearing 16 in a boss that is formed to protrude from the motor housing 2. A cover 17 is provided at the opening end of the motor housing 2, and a holder stay 18 is attached to the inside of the cover 17. Brush holders 19 are formed on the holder stay 18 at three locations in the circumferential direction. Each brush holder 19 is provided with a brush 21 which can be moved in and out in a state where each brush 21 is urged via a spring S. The tip portions of the brushes 21 are urged by the spring S and are in sliding contact with the commutator 13, and power from the outside is supplied to the commutator 13 via the brushes 21.

The brush 21 described above includes a low-speed brush (first brush) 21a, a high-speed brush (second brush) 21b, and a common brush (third brush) 21c.
As shown in FIG. 2, the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c are arranged to face each other, and the high speed brush 21b is spaced apart from the low speed brush 21a in the circumferential direction by an angle α (for example, 45 °). Are arranged. The electric motor 1 is supplied with power by the common brush 21c and the low speed brush 21a during normal operation, and by the common brush 21c and the high speed brush 21b during high speed operation. During high-speed operation, the electric motor 1 is advanced by the high-speed brush 21b and operates at a higher speed than during normal operation. Either the brush 21c side or the brush 21a, 21b side may be an anode or a cathode.

FIG. 3 is a development view of the armature 3, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the armature 3, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are plan views of the armature core 6.
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, for example, the winding 12 has its winding start end 30 started to be wound from the No. 3 commutator piece 14 a, suspended around the riser 15 of the No. 3 commutator piece 14 a, and the rotating shaft After being routed in the vicinity of 5 (AA ′ in FIG. 3), the slot 11a between the 11th and 12th teeth 9 on the opposite side of the 3rd commutator with respect to the center O of the rotating shaft 5 It winds n times between the slots 11b between the 6th and 7th teeth 9, and the first coil 7a is formed.

Thereafter, the first coil 7a is opposed to the slots 11a and 11b in the radial direction, that is, between the slots 11c and 5-6 teeth 9 between the 12-1 teeth 9 existing at a position rotated by 180 ° in the circumferential direction. The second coil 7b is formed by winding n times between the slots 11d. In addition, after forming the 1st coil 7a, until the coil | winding 12 pulled out from the slot 11b between the 6th-7th teeth 9 is wound by the slot 11c between the 12th-1st teeth 9, it is routed The route may be a route for routing the first coil 7a side of the rotating shaft 5 as shown in FIG. 5, or a route for routing the second coil side 7b side of the rotating shaft 5 as shown in FIG. But you can.
The second coil 7b is wound in a direction opposite to that of the first coil 7a, and then counterclockwise (BB ′ in FIG. 3) when viewed from the direction of arrow C in FIG. The winding end end 40 of the winding 12 is connected to the No. 4 commutator piece 14b.
As a result, an armature coil 7 is formed between the third and fourth commutator pieces 14a and 14b and includes a pair of coils 7a and 7b that are opposed to each other in the radial direction and connected in series.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the coils 7 a and 7 b are wound in a state where the winding directions are opposite to each other with the 12th tooth and the 6th tooth interposed therebetween. Generate power. Further, the coils 7a and 7b are formed at symmetrical positions with respect to the axis M passing through the center of the high speed brush 21b and the center O of the rotating shaft 5, and the axes M and the centers of the 12th and 6th teeth coincide with each other. Thus, the coils 7a and 7b are wound symmetrically with respect to the axis M. That is, the coils 7a and 7b are evenly arranged with respect to an arbitrary center line passing through the center O including the center lines (axis lines P and Q) other than the axis M.

  And although not shown in figure, the coil | winding 12 connected to the 4th commutator piece 14b is continuously routed in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 5, and then the slot between the 12th-1 tooth 9 and the 7th-8th The first coil 7a is formed by winding n times between the slots between the teeth. The first coil is then wound n times between the slots between the teeth 1-2 and the slots between the teeth 6-9, which are opposed to each other in the radial direction between these teeth. The second coil 7b is formed by being wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise. The second coil 7b is then connected to the fifth commutator 14g.

  Similarly, the winding 12 connected to each commutator piece 14 forms a first coil 7a and a second coil 7b opposite to each other in the radial direction and reversed in the winding direction, and between the adjacent commutator pieces 14. The coil 7 is formed. Thereby, the armature coil 7 is formed by the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b that are equally distributed to the X and Y regions divided by the arbitrary center line including the axis M. As described above, the armature coil 7 of the electric motor 1 is wound by the double winding method to form a short-pitch winding.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment described above, the winding 12 connected to the commutator piece 14 is not wound directly between the slots 11 from the winding start end 30 but is routed in the vicinity of the rotary shaft 5. After that, with respect to the center O of the rotating shaft 5, the first coil 7a is placed on the opposite side of the commutator piece 14 to which the winding 12 is connected, and the second coil is placed at a position facing the first coil 7a in the radial direction. 7b is formed. Thereafter, the winding end 40 is not directly connected to the commutator piece 14, but is wound around the rotary shaft 5 again and then connected to the commutator piece 14. For this reason, in the space K formed between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6, the winding 12 is routed near the rotating shaft 5 without spreading. Thereby, in the space K between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6, it is possible to prevent the winding 12 from being thickened around the rotating shaft 5, and the winding 12 is wound between the slots 11 with high density. be able to. Therefore, the armature 3 can be reduced in size and weight.

  Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c come into contact with the 8th commutator piece 14d during normal operation, the high speed brush 21b becomes the 3rd and 4th commutator. Each coil 7a, 7b is short-circuited in contact with the pieces 14a, 14b. However, as shown in FIG. 7, the coils 7a and 7b are equally arranged in the regions X and Y with respect to the axis M, and also with respect to other arbitrary center lines such as the axes P and Q. It is evenly arranged on both halves partitioned by it. For this reason, even if each coil 7a, 7b is short-circuited, each short-circuited coil 7a, 7b can be distributed symmetrically with respect to an arbitrary center line including the axis M. Therefore, the electric circuit between the brushes 21 is equalized, the wear of the brushes 21 is suppressed, and the product life is improved.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated to the same aspect as 1st embodiment (same also in following embodiment). In the following embodiments, the basic structure of the electric motor 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 from the third commutator piece 14a is routed in the vicinity of the rotary shaft 5 (in FIG. 3). In the second embodiment, the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 from the third commutator piece 14a is wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise in a plan view in FIG. It is a point that has been.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, for example, the winding 12 has its winding start end 30 started to be wound from the third commutator piece 14 a, and the winding 12 wound around the riser 15 of the third commutator piece 14 a is 9, after being wound around the rotation shaft 5 counterclockwise in a plan view in FIG. 9, the slot 11 a between the 11th and 12th teeth 9 that is on the opposite side of the third commutator with respect to the center O of the rotation shaft 5 It winds n times between the slots 11b between the 6th and 7th teeth 9, and the first coil 7a is formed.

Thereafter, the first coil 7a is opposed to the slots 11a and 11b in the radial direction, that is, between the slots 11c and 5-6 teeth 9 between the 12-1 teeth 9 existing at a position rotated by 180 ° in the circumferential direction. The second coil 7b is formed by winding n times between the slots 11d. In addition, after forming the 1st coil 7a, until the coil | winding 12 pulled out from the slot 11b between the 6th-7th teeth 9 is wound by the slot 11c between the 12th-1st teeth 9, it is routed The route may be a route for routing the first coil 7a side of the rotating shaft 5 as shown in FIG. 9, or a route for routing the second coil side 7b side of the rotating shaft 5 as shown in FIG. But you can.
The second coil 7b is wound in the direction opposite to that of the first coil 7a, and is then wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise in plan view in FIG. 9 (BB ′ in FIG. 8). The winding end end 40 of the winding 12 is connected to the fourth commutator piece 14b. In addition, the winding 12 between the other adjacent commutator pieces 14 is wound in the same manner, and the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b are formed.

Therefore, according to the second embodiment described above, even if the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 from the commutator piece 14 is wound counterclockwise with respect to the first embodiment, Similarly, in the space K between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6, the winding around the rotating shaft 5 by the winding 12 can be prevented, and the winding 12 is wound between the slots 11 with high density. be able to. Therefore, the armature 3 can be reduced in size and weight.
Further, as in the first embodiment, the electrical circuit between the brushes 21 is equalized, wear of the brushes 21 is suppressed, and the product life can be improved.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the third embodiment, a case where the number of turns of the armature coil 7 is an odd number will be described (the same applies to the fourth embodiment).
Here, in the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, when the number of turns of the armature coil 7 is an even number, the same number of windings 12 are wound around the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b. However, if the number of winding turns is odd, either the first coil 7a or the second coil 7b needs to be n + 1 times, and the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b There is a case where the effect as described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, for example, the winding 12 has its winding start end 30 started to be wound from the third commutator piece 14a, and the winding 12 wound around the riser 15 of the third commutator piece 14a is After being wound around the rotary shaft 5 (AA ′ in FIG. 11), between the 11-12th teeth 9 on the opposite side of the No. 3 commutator with respect to the center O of the rotary shaft 5 Winding n times between the slot 11a and the slot 11b between the 6th and 7th teeth 9 forms the main coil 22a.

  After forming the main coil 22a, the winding 12 drawn out from the slot 11b is wound around the slot 11a again. At this time, the winding 12 is not wound around the slot 11b, but wound around the slot 11d. Is done. The slot 11d is formed between the 5th and 6th teeth 9, and is disposed at a position facing the slot 11a in the radial direction, that is, rotated 180 ° in the circumferential direction. Thereby, after the main coil 22a, the subcoil 23a for 0.5 turns wound only in the slot 11a is formed. The main coil 22a and the subcoil 23a are connected in series, and the first coil 7a is formed by both.

The winding 12 wound around the slot 11d is then wound n turns with the slot 11c to form the main coil 22b. At this time, the winding 12 wound from the slot 11a to the slot 11d forms a sub-coil 23b for 0.5 turns wound only in the slot 11d before the main coil 22b. The main coil 22b and the subcoil 23b are connected in series, and the second coil 7b is formed by both. In addition, the slot 11c is formed between the 12-1th tooth | gear 9, and is arrange | positioned in the position facing the slot 11b in radial direction. The main coil 22b is wound in the direction opposite to the first coil 7a.
Further, after the first coil 7a is formed, the routing path from the winding 12 drawn out from the slot 11a wound only in the subcoil 23a to the slot 11d wound only in the subcoil 23b is As shown in FIG. 12, a route for routing the first coil 7a side of the rotary shaft 5 may be used, or as shown in FIG. 13, a route for routing the second coil side 7b side of the rotary shaft 5 may be used. .

  After n turns are wound between the slots 11d-11c, the winding 12 is wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise in a plan view in FIG. The winding end 40 is connected to the commutator piece 14b. As a result, an armature coil 7 is formed between the third commutator piece 14a and the fourth commutator 14b. The armature coil 7 includes a pair of coils 7a and 7b that are opposed in the radial direction and connected in series. The winding 12 between the other adjacent commutator pieces 14 is also wound in the same manner, and the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b are formed in the same number of turns by the main coils 22a and 22b and the subcoils 23a and 23b, respectively. Is done.

  Therefore, according to the above-described third embodiment, the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b are formed of n-turn main coils 22a and 22b and 0.5-turn sub-coils 23a and 23b, respectively. A 2n + 1 turn armature coil 7 is formed. For this reason, even when the number of winding turns of the armature coil 7 is an odd number, the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b are wound by the same number of turns (n + 0.5 turns), and the region with respect to the axis M It can arrange | position equally to X and Y. In addition, the coils 7a and 7b can be evenly arranged in the half of the quantity divided by other arbitrary center lines such as the axes P and Q. Therefore, even when the number of turns of the armature coil 7 is an odd number, the effect of improving the durability and reducing the swinging force can be obtained as in the case of the even number.

  Similarly to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the winding 12 connected to the commutator piece 14 is not directly wound between the slots 11 from the winding start end 30 but in the vicinity of the rotary shaft 5. After being routed, the first coil 7a is placed on the opposite side of the commutator piece 14 to which the winding 12 is connected with respect to the center O of the rotary shaft 5, and the first coil 7a is placed at a position facing the first coil 7a in the radial direction. Two coils 7b are formed. Thereafter, the winding end 40 is not directly connected to the commutator piece 14, but is wound around the rotary shaft 5 again and then connected to the commutator piece 14. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the winding 12 from winding up around the rotary shaft 5 between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6, and to wind the winding 12 between the slots 11 with high density. . Therefore, the armature 3 can be reduced in size and weight.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The difference between the fourth embodiment and the third embodiment is that, in the third embodiment, the winding 12 from the third commutator piece 14a is arranged near the rotating shaft 5 (AA ′ in FIG. 11). In contrast, in the fourth embodiment, the winding 12 from the third commutator piece 14a is wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise in a plan view in FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, for example, the winding 12 has its winding start end 30 started to be wound from the third commutator piece 14 a and the winding 12 wound around the riser 15 of the third commutator piece 14 a is 15, after being wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise in plan view in FIG. 15, the slot 11 a between the 11th and 12th teeth 9 on the opposite side of the third commutator with respect to the center O of the rotating shaft 5 Winding n times between the slots 11b between the 6th and 7th teeth 9 forms the main coil 22a.

  After forming the main coil 22a, the winding 12 drawn out from the slot 11b is wound around the slot 11a again. At this time, the winding 12 is not wound around the slot 11b, but wound around the slot 11d. Is done. The slot 11d is formed between the 5th and 6th teeth 9, and is disposed at a position facing the slot 11a in the radial direction, that is, rotated 180 ° in the circumferential direction. Thereby, after the main coil 22a, the subcoil 23a for 0.5 turns wound only in the slot 11a is formed. The main coil 22a and the subcoil 23a are connected in series, and the first coil 7a is formed by both.

  The winding 12 wound around the slot 11d is then wound n turns with the slot 11c to form the main coil 22b. At this time, the winding 12 wound from the slot 11a to the slot 11d forms a sub-coil 23b for 0.5 turns wound only in the slot 11d before the main coil 22b. The main coil 22b and the subcoil 23b are connected in series, and the second coil 7b is formed by both. In addition, the slot 11c is formed between the 12-1th tooth | gear 9, and is arrange | positioned in the position facing the slot 11b in radial direction. The main coil 22b is wound in the direction opposite to the first coil 7a.

  After n turns are wound between the slots 11d-11c, the winding 12 is wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise in a plan view in FIG. 15 (BB 'in FIG. 12) and then the fourth commutator. The winding end 40 is connected to the piece 14b. As a result, an armature coil 7 is formed between the third commutator piece 14a and the fourth commutator 14b. The armature coil 7 includes a pair of coils 7a and 7b that are opposed in the radial direction and connected in series. The winding 12 between the other adjacent commutator pieces 14 is also wound in the same manner, and the first coil 7a and the second coil 7b are formed in the same number of turns by the main coils 22a and 22b and the subcoils 23a and 23b, respectively. Is done.

Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment described above, the winding start end 30 of the winding 12 from the commutator piece 14 is wound around the rotating shaft 5 counterclockwise in plan view in FIG. However, as in the third embodiment, even when the number of turns of the armature coil 7 is an odd number, as in the case of an even number, the effect of improving the durability and reducing the swinging force can be obtained. it can.
Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment, it is possible to prevent the winding of the winding 12 around the rotating shaft 5 between the commutator 13 and the armature core 6, respectively. The windings 12 can be wound between the slots 11 with high density. Therefore, the armature 3 can be reduced in size and weight.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the case of a short-pitch winding has been described. However, a full-pitch winding may be used. In the case of a full-node winding, for example, in FIG. 3, the winding 12 started from the third commutator piece 14 a is routed in the vicinity of the rotary shaft 5 or wound, and then 11-12. It is wound by a slot 11a between the number teeth 9 and a slot 11d between the numbers 5-6 teeth 9 to form the first coil 7a, and the second coil 7b is the same in the direction opposite to the first coil 7a. It winds around the slots 11a and 11d, and is then wound around the rotary shaft 5 again and connected to the No. 4 commutator piece 14b. As a result, an armature coil 7 is formed between the third and fourth commutator pieces 14a and 14b, and includes a pair of coils 7a and 7b that are opposed in the radial direction and connected in series. In addition, this all-node winding can be connected to the above-described series connection type in parallel connection type, and the second coil 7b is separated from the commutator pieces 14a and 14b by 180 ° in the circumferential direction. Then, two separate armature coils having different winding directions may be formed which are connected between the 9th commutator piece 14e and the 10th commutator piece 14f arranged opposite to each other and wound in the same slot 11.

In the above-described embodiment, the electric motor 1 has twelve slots 11. However, the number of slots is not limited to twelve, and an even number of eight or more can be appropriately employed.
Furthermore, although the said embodiment demonstrated the electric motor used for the wiper apparatus for motor vehicles, you may use for another apparatus.
And in said 1st embodiment and 3rd embodiment, the winding start end 30 of the 1st coil 7a is wired in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 5, and the winding end 40 of the 2nd coil 7b is wound around the rotating shaft 5. In the reverse case, the winding start end 30 of the first coil 7 a is wound around the rotary shaft 5, and the winding end end 40 of the second coil 7 b is routed near the rotary shaft 5. May be.
The number of windings of the coils 7a and 7b around the rotating shaft 5 may be within one turn.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electric motor in embodiment of this invention. It is a brush arrangement diagram of the electric motor in the embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded view of the armature in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of an armature in a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the armature core in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the armature core in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the armature core of FIG. It is an expanded view of the armature in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the armature core in the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the armature core in the second embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded view of the armature in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the armature core in the third embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the armature core in the third embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded view of the armature in 4th embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of an armature core in a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of an armature core in a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is an expanded view of the armature in the conventional electric motor. It is a perspective view of the armature in the conventional electric motor.

Explanation of symbols

1 Electric motor
3 Armature
5 Rotating shaft
6 Armature core 7 Armature coil 7a First coil 7b Second coil 9 Teeth 11 Slot 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d Slot 12 Winding (coil)
13 commutator 14 commutator pieces 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g commutator pieces 21 brush 21a brush for low speed (first brush)
21b High speed brush (second brush)
21c Common brush (third brush)
22a, 22b Main coil 23a, 23b Subcoil 30 Winding start end 40 Winding end

Claims (3)

  A plurality of teeth attached to a rotating shaft and extending radially in a radial direction; an armature core including a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction for winding a coil; and the rotation In an armature for an electric motor comprising a commutator provided on a shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a commutator piece disposed in a circumferential direction, the armature is electrically connected between the adjacent commutator pieces, with the rotating shaft as a center. A first coil and a second coil wound in opposite directions between the slots that are in point-symmetric positions with respect to each other, and a winding start end of the first coil and a winding end end of the second coil, An armature for an electric motor, wherein at least one of the coil is wound around the rotating shaft.   A two-pole electric motor using the armature for an electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the first brush is slidably contacted with the commutator, and is spaced apart from the first brush in a circumferential direction by a predetermined angle. An electric motor comprising: a second brush that is in sliding contact; and a third brush that is in sliding contact with the commutator and is used with either the first brush or the second brush. A plurality of teeth attached to a rotating shaft and extending radially in a radial direction; an armature core including a plurality of slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction for winding a coil; and the rotation In a winding method of an armature for an electric motor comprising a commutator provided on a shaft adjacent to the armature core and having a commutator piece disposed in a circumferential direction, the rotating shaft is electrically connected between the adjacent commutator pieces. The first coil and the second coil are respectively wound in opposite directions between the slots that are in point-symmetric positions with respect to each other, and the winding start end of the first coil and the winding end end of the second coil A method for winding an armature for an electric motor, wherein at least one of the above is wound around the rotating shaft.

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