JP2009538373A - 燃料成分、燃料組成物、並びにこれらの製造方法、及び使用方法。 - Google Patents
燃料成分、燃料組成物、並びにこれらの製造方法、及び使用方法。 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009538373A JP2009538373A JP2009512161A JP2009512161A JP2009538373A JP 2009538373 A JP2009538373 A JP 2009538373A JP 2009512161 A JP2009512161 A JP 2009512161A JP 2009512161 A JP2009512161 A JP 2009512161A JP 2009538373 A JP2009538373 A JP 2009538373A
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- fuel composition
- methyl
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- isoprenoid
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は、2006年5月26日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/808,666号;2006年7月14日に出願された第60/872,411号;2006年7月14日に出願された第60/872,412号;2006年7月14日に出願された第60/872,413号;2006年12月6日に出願された第60/873,388号;及び2007年2月1日に出願された第60/887,604号の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、とりわけ、少なくともC5イソプレノイド化合物又はその誘導体を含む燃料組成物、並びに燃料組成物を製造し、及び使用する方法を包含する。特定の実施態様において、本発明は、3-メチル-1-ブタノール(すなわち、イソアミルアルコールである)、3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オール、3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-オール又はこれらの誘導体を含む燃料組成物を包含する。特定の実施態様において、本発明は、少なくとも部分的に微生物から容易かつ効率的に産生される燃料成分を利用する燃料組成物を包含する。特定の実施態様において、本発明は、少なくとも生体工学によって作られた高濃度の燃料成分を含む燃料組成物を包含する。
生物燃料は、一般に、バイオマス、すなわち動物からの肥料などのごく最近まで生きている生物又はこれらの代謝副産物に由来する燃料である。生物燃料は、石油、石炭及び核燃料などのその他の天然資源と異なり、それが再生可能なエネルギー源であるため、望ましい。生物燃料には、とりわけ、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール及びブタノールなどの生物学的に産生されたアルコールを含む。一般に、このような生物学的に産生されたアルコールは、バイオマスの発酵を介して、微生物及び酵素の作用によって形成することができる。例えば、メタノールは、木若しくはその他の有機物質の発酵から産生すること、又は多様な細菌の嫌気代謝において天然に形成することができる。同様に、エタノールは、サトウキビ、テンサイ及びトウモロコシなどの多種多様な作物において見いだすことができるデンプン又は糖の発酵によって大量生産することができる。更にまた、ブタノール及びエタノールは、A.B.E(アセトン、ブタノール、エタノール)プロセスにおいて市販の細菌であるクロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム(Clostridium acetobutylicum)からデンプンを使用して産生することができる。A.B.E.プロセスは、油がその低コストのために優れたエネルギー源になり始めたときである1940年代後期以前の業界基準であった。
燃料成分、燃料組成物、並びにこれらを製造方法、及び使用方法が、本明細書に提供される。本明細書に開示した燃料組成物の実施態様は、上述の需要を満たすものと考えられる。一部の実施態様において、燃料組成物は、1つ以上のC5イソプレノイド化合物又はその誘導体を含む。その他の実施態様において、C5イソプレノイド化合物又はその誘導体は、燃料組成物自体、燃料組成物の主要成分又は燃料組成物の微量成分として使用することができる。特定の実施態様において、C5イソプレノイド化合物又はその誘導体は、生体工学によって作られた微生物を含む微生物から製造することができる。一部の実施態様において、本明細書に開示した燃料組成物は、ガソリンとして使用することができる。さらなる実施態様において、本明細書に開示した燃料組成物は、ガソリン機関などの内燃機関に動力を供給するために使用することができる。
a)C5イソプレノイド化合物を製造することができる細胞を、C5イソプレノイド化合物を製造するために適した条件下で、単糖と接触させる工程;及び、
c)C5イソプレノイド化合物を1つ以上の燃料成分又は燃料添加物と混合して燃料組成物を製造する工程、
を含む単糖から燃料組成物を製造する方法を包含する。
a)C5イソプレノイド出発材料を製造することができる細胞を、C5イソプレノイド出発材料を製造するために適した条件下で単糖と接触させる工程;
b)C5イソプレノイド出発材料を水素付加して、水素付加されたC5イソプレノイド化合物を形成する工程;及び、
c)水素付加されたC5イソプレノイド化合物を1つ以上の燃料成分又は燃料添加物と混合して燃料組成物を製造する工程、
を含む単糖から燃料組成物を製造する方法を包含する。
(a)組換え宿主細胞で糖の醗酵反応を行うことよって少なくともC5アルコール又はその誘導体を含む生物燃料を得る工程であって、該組換え宿主細胞が、C5アルコール又はその誘導体を産生する工程;及び、
(b)生物燃料を流通させ、市場に出し、又は販売する工程、
を含むビジネス方法を包含する。
「燃料」は、1つ以上の炭化水素、1つ以上のアルコール、1つ以上の脂肪酸エステル又はその混合物をいう。好ましくは、液化炭化水素が使用される。燃料は、ピストンエンジン(例えば、ガソリン機関及びディーゼルエンジン)、ワンケルエンジン、ジェットエンジン、いくつかのロケットエンジン、ミサイルエンジン及びガスタービンエンジンなどの内燃機関に動力を供給するために使用することができる。一部の実施態様において、燃料は、典型的にはアルカン、シクロアルカン及び芳香族炭化水素などの炭化水素の混合物を含む。その他の実施態様において、燃料は、本明細書に開示したC5イソプレノイド化合物の1つ以上を含む。
本発明の実施態様は、少なくともC5イソプレノイド化合物又はその誘導体を含む燃料組成物を提供する。特定の実施態様において、C5イソプレノイド化合物は、主要な燃料成分として使用される。その他の実施態様において、C5イソプレノイド化合物は、石油由来燃料成分を更に含んでいてもよい燃料組成物における微量燃料成分として使用される。更なる実施態様において、本明細書に開示した燃料組成物は、少なくとも従来の燃料添加物を更に含んでいてもよい。
(a)燃料組成物の総容量に基づいて、少なくとも2容量%の量の式(Ia)、(Ib)又は(Ic):
(b)燃料添加物、
を含むか、又はを含む混合物から得られる。
式(Ia)、(Ib)又は(Ic)のイソプレノイド化合物は、生物学的方法、化学合成(生物学的に基づく材料を使用せずに)及び生物学的及び化学的手段の両方を使用するハイブリッド法を含む、当該技術分野において公知の任意の方法を使用して製造することができる。
C5イソプレノイド化合物又は出発材料は、生物学的方法、化学合成及びハイブリッド法を含む、当該技術分野において公知の任意の方法を使用して製造することができる。C5イソプレノイド化合物又は出発材料が、生物学的に製造される場合、1つの方法は、所望の生成物を産生するように修飾された宿主細胞である。全てのイソプレノイド類と同様に、C5イソプレノイド化合物又は出発材料は、共通した中間体、イソペンテニルジホスフェート(「IPP」)、又はジメチルアリルピロホスフェート(「DMAPP」)を介して生物学的に製造される。
IPP及びその異性体(ジメチルアリルピロホスフェート(「DMAPP」))を合成する2つの公知の生合成経路がある。植物以外の真核生物は、もっぱらアセチル補酵素A(「アセチルCoA」)をIPPに変換するメバロン酸依存的(「MEV」)イソプレノイド経路を使用し、これをその後にDMAPPに異性化させる。原核生物は、いくつかの例外があるが、メバロン酸非依存的経路又はデオキシ・キシルロース5-ホスフェート(「DXP」)経路を使用して、枝分れ点を介してIPP及びDMAPPを別々に産生する。一般に、植物は、IPP合成のためにMEV及びDXP経路を使用する。
MEV経路の概略図を図1に記述してある。一般に、経路には、6つの工程を含む。
DXP経路の概略図を図2に記述してある。一般に、DXP経路は、7つの工程を含む。第1工程では、ピルベートをD-グリセルアルデヒド3-ホスフェートと縮合させて、1-デオキシ-D-キシルロース-5-ホスフェートを作製する。この工程を触媒することが知られている酵素は、例えば1-デオキシ-D-キシルロース-5-ホスフェートシンターゼである。ヌクレオチド配列の例示的な例は:(AF035440;大腸菌(Escherichia coli))、(NC_002947、座位タグPP0527;プチダ菌(Pseudomonas pudita)KT2440)、(CP000026、座位タグSPA2301;パラチフ菌(Salmonella enterica Paratyphi)、ATCC 9150を参照されたい)、(NC_007493、座位タグRSP_0254;ロドバクター・スフェロイデス(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)2.4.1)(NC_005296、座位タグRPA0952;ロドシュードモナス・パルストリス(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)CGA009)、(NC_004556、座位タグPD1293;ピアス病菌(Xylella fastidiosa Temecula))及び(NC_003076、座位タグAT5G11380;シロイヌナズナ(Arabidopsis thaliana))を含むが、限定されない。
次いでその後に、IPP又はDMAPPを下記のスキーム1に示したように1つ以上のホスファターゼを使用して種々のC5イソプレノイド化合物又は出発材料に変換させる。
Zが上記記載の通りである式(Ia)、(Ib)又は(Ic)のイソプレノイド化合物:
Moriらの論文、Ore. Lett. 8, 3279-3281(2006)(これは、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)に開示したように、O-C(=O)R基の水素化分解を伴わずにオレフィン官能性を選択的に減少させる触媒毒としてジフェニルスルフィドを使用するPd/Cである。その他の実施態様において、ポリ(エチレングリコール)及びAdams触媒、すなわちPtO2を溶媒として使用して1気圧にて水素で二重結合を選択的に水素付加することができる。Adams触媒の使用は、Chandrasekharらの論文、J. Org. Chem., 71、2196-2199(2006)に開示されており、これは、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の一つの態様は:(a)組換え宿主細胞で糖の醗酵反応を行うことよってC5アルコールを含む生物燃料又はその誘導体を得る工程であって、組換え宿主細胞がC5アルコール又はその誘導体を産生する工程;及び(b)前記生物燃料を市場に出し、又は販売する工程を含むビジネス方法に関連する。
本実施例は、オペロン、すなわち、MevT66、MevB、MBI及びMBISオペロンに構築したサッカロマイセス・セレビジエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)からのMEV経路の酵素をコードする発現プラスミドを作製するための方法を記述する。
本実施例は、オペロンにおいて構成した黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)からのMEV経路の酵素をコードする発現ベクターを作製するための方法を記述する。
本実施例は、3-メチル-ブタ-3-エン-1-オール及び3-メチル-ブタ-2-エン-1-オールの産生のための大腸菌(Escherichia coli)宿主株の作製を記述する。宿主株B286は、発現プラスミドpAM97-MevB及びpC9で化学的にコンピテントな大腸菌(Escherichia coli)DH1細胞を形質転換することよって作製した。宿主株B287は、発現プラスミドpAM97-MevB及びpnudF-Hで化学的にコンピテントな大腸菌(Escherichia coli)DH1細胞を形質転換することよって作製した。宿主株B288は、発現プラスミドpAM97-MevB及びpyhfRで化学的にコンピテントな大腸菌(Escherichia coli)DH1細胞を形質転換することよって作製した。宿主株B291は、発現プラスミドpAM97-MBI及びpyhfRで化学的にコンピテントな大腸菌(Escherichia coli)DH1細胞を形質転換することよって作製した。
本実施例は、実施例3の大腸菌(Escherichia coli)宿主株における3-メチル-ブタ-3-エン-1-オール及び3-メチル-ブタ-2-エン-1-オールの産生を記述する。
Claims (47)
- 前記C5イソプレノイド化合物の量が、燃料組成物の総重量又は容量に基づいて、重量又は容量の約1%〜約95%である、請求項1記載の燃料組成物。
- 式(Ib)又は(Ic)のZがOHである、請求項1又は2記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記C5イソプレノイド化合物が式(Ib)である、請求項1又は2記載の燃料組成物。
- ZがOHである、請求項4記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記C5イソプレノイド化合物が式(Ic)である、請求項1又は2記載の燃料組成物。
- ZがOHである、請求項6記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物が実質的に第二のアルコールを含まず、かつ前記第二のアルコールが3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オール、3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-オール又はこれらの組み合わせではない、請求項3記載の燃料組成物。
- (a)燃料組成物の総重量に基づいて、重量の少なくとも35%の量のイソアミルアルコール;及び、
(b)燃料添加物、
を含むか、又は含む混合物から得られる燃料組成物であって、
該燃料組成物は、450℃未満の自然発火温度を有する第二のアルコール又は有機化合物を実質的に含まず、該第二のアルコールは、イソアミルアルコールではなく、かつ該有機化合物は、(1)1つ以上の酸素原子を含むが、窒素原子を含まない化合物;又は(2)1つ以上のニトラート基及び1つ以上のエーテル結合を含む化合物;又は(3)アゾ化合物、テトラジン、ニトロソ化合物、ニトロ化合物、ニトレート化合物及びハイポニトライトからなる群から選択される窒素含有有機化合物である、前記燃料組成物。 - 前記燃料組成物が芳香族化合物を実質的に含まない、請求項9記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物がアルキルアミン、脂肪酸エステル又は脂肪酸塩を実質的に含まない、請求項9記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記第二のアルコールが、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、イソ-プロパノール、n-ブタノール、イソ-ブタノール、tert-ブタノール、n-ペンタノール、sec-ペンタノール、tert-ペンタノール、n-ヘキサノール、イソ-ヘキサノール、sec-ヘキサノール、tert-ヘキサノール、ヘプタノール、オクタノール、ノナノール誘導体、デカノール又はこれらの組み合わせである、請求項8又は9記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記有機化合物がエーテル、ペルオキシド、ヒドロペルオキシド、アルデヒド、アシル化合物、環状エーテル、エステル、2-エトキシエチルニトラート、2-ブトキシエチルニトラート、2'-ブトキシ-2-エトキシエチルニトラート、2,2-ジエトキシエチルニトラート、1,3-ジオキサン-5-ニトラート、ニトロメタン、ジエチレングリコールジニトラート、トリエチレングリコールジニトラート又は400の平均分子量のポリエチレングリコールのジニトラートである、請求項9記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料組成物の総重量又は容量に基づいて、重量又は容量の約1%〜約95%の量の石油系燃料を更に含む、請求項1又は9記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記石油系燃料がガソリンである、請求項14記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記C5イソプレノイド化合物が式(Ib)であり、かつZがOHであり、かつ前記C5イソプレノイド化合物が燃料組成物の総容量に基づいて、容量の約1%〜約12.5%の量で存在する、請求項15記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料添加物が酸素化物、抗酸化剤、熱安定性向上剤、セタン向上剤、安定剤、寒冷流動性向上剤、助燃剤、消泡剤、抗くもり添加物、腐食抑制剤、潤滑性向上剤、着氷阻害剤、噴霧器清浄添加物、煙抑制剤、抵抗減少添加物、金属不活性化剤、分散剤、洗浄剤、解乳化剤、色素、マーカー、静電気消散剤、殺生物剤及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1又は9記載の燃料組成物。
- 前記燃料添加物の量が、前記燃料組成物の総重量又は容量に基づいて、重量又は容量の約0.1%〜約20%である、請求項1又は9記載の燃料組成物。
- ZがOHである式(Ib)又は(Ic)の前記C5イソプレノイドを、アルキル化剤、アシル化剤、リン酸化剤、ホスホン酸化剤、硫酸化剤又はスルホン化剤と反応させて、ZがO-R、O-C(=O)R、0-PO(OR)2、O-SO2-OR、PO(OR)2若しくはSO2-ORであり;かつRがH、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、アルカリル若しくはアラルキルである式(Ib)又は(Ic)のC5イソプレノイドを形成する工程を更に含む、請求項19記載の方法。
- 内燃機関;該内燃機関に接続する燃料タンク;及び該燃料タンク内の請求項1〜18のいずれか記載の燃料組成物を含む乗物であって、該燃料組成物は、該内燃機関に動力を供給するために使用される、前記乗物。
- 前記内燃機関がガソリン機関である、請求項23記載の乗物。
- エンジンにおいて請求項1〜18のいずれか記載の燃料を燃焼させる工程を含む、エンジンを駆動する方法。
- 前記エンジンがガソリン機関である、請求項25記載の方法。
- 請求項19〜22のいずれか記載の方法よって製造される、燃料組成物。
- 燃料成分及び生体工学によって作られたC5イソプレノイド化合物を含む、燃料組成物。
- 微生物を含む混合物から3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オールを調製すること、及び燃料に3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オールを組み込むことによって製造される、燃料組成物。
- 微生物を含む混合物から3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オールを調製すること、3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オールからイソアミルアルコールを調製すること、及び燃料にイソアミルアルコールを組み込むことによって製造される、燃料組成物。
- 微生物を含む混合物から3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-オールを調製すること、3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-オールからイソアミルアルコールを調製すること、及び燃料におけるイソアミルアルコールを組み込むことによって製造される、燃料組成物。
- 前記混合物が単糖を更に含む、請求項29〜31のいずれか記載の燃料組成物
- 前記単糖がグルコース、ガラクトース、マンノース、フルクトース、リボース又はこれらの組み合わせである、請求項32記載の燃料組成物。
- (a)組換え宿主細胞で糖の醗酵反応を行うことよって少なくともC5アルコール又はその誘導体を含む生物燃料を得る工程であって、該組換え宿主細胞が、該C5アルコール又はその誘導体を産生する工程;及び、
(b)該生物燃料を流通させ、市場に出し、又は販売する工程、
を含む、ビジネス方法。 - 前記組換え宿主細胞がイソペンテニルピロホスフェート(IPP)、ジメチルアリルピロホスフェート(DMAPP)又はこれらの組み合わせのイソペンタノールへの酵素変換を増加させるように修飾されており、前記組換え宿主細胞がnudF又はyhfR遺伝子で形質転換されたpTRC 99A 大腸菌(E. CoIi)株ではない、請求項34記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記生物燃料が3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オール、3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-オール又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項34〜36のいずれか記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記生物燃料が、前記生物燃料の総容量に基づいて、容量の少なくとも約2%の3-メチル-3-ブテン-1-オールを含む、請求項37記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記生物燃料が、前記生物燃料の総容量に基づいて、容量の少なくとも約2%の3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-オールを含む、請求項38記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記生物燃料が3-メチル-1-ブタノールを含む、請求項34〜35及び40のいずれか記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記生物燃料が、前記生物燃料の総容量に基づいて、容量の少なくとも約35%の3-メチル-1-ブタノールを含む、請求項41記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記生物燃料が石油系燃料、燃料添加物又はこれらの組み合わせを更に含む、請求項34〜42のいずれか記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記石油系燃料がガソリン、ジェット燃料、灯油、ディーゼル燃料又はこれらの組み合わせである、請求項43記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記燃料添加物が酸素化物、抗酸化剤、熱安定性向上剤、セタン向上剤、安定剤、寒冷流動性向上剤、助燃剤、消泡剤、抗くもり添加物、腐食抑制剤、潤滑性向上剤、着氷阻害剤、噴霧器清浄添加物、煙抑制剤、抵抗減少添加物、金属不活性化剤、分散剤、洗浄剤、解乳化剤、色素、マーカー、静電気消散剤、殺生物剤及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項44記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記糖が単糖である、請求項34〜45のいずれか記載のビジネス方法。
- 前記単糖がグルコース、ガラクトース、マンノース、フルクトース、リボース又はこれらの組み合わせである、請求項46記載のビジネス方法。
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JP2003520891A (ja) * | 2000-01-24 | 2003-07-08 | ヒュール,アンイェリカ | 火花点火燃焼エンジンのためのエタノール含有モータ燃料の蒸気圧を減じるための方法 |
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AU2007267914B9 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
CA2652732C (en) | 2015-04-28 |
WO2007139925A3 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
AU2007267914A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
BRPI0712160A2 (pt) | 2012-01-17 |
US20080092829A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
AU2007267914C1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
CA2652732A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
EP2038530A2 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
AU2007267914B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
EP2038530A4 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
US7854774B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
JP4630940B2 (ja) | 2011-02-09 |
WO2007139925A2 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
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