JP2009511421A - 水蒸気改質ユニット - Google Patents
水蒸気改質ユニット Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009511421A JP2009511421A JP2008536817A JP2008536817A JP2009511421A JP 2009511421 A JP2009511421 A JP 2009511421A JP 2008536817 A JP2008536817 A JP 2008536817A JP 2008536817 A JP2008536817 A JP 2008536817A JP 2009511421 A JP2009511421 A JP 2009511421A
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- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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Abstract
【選択図】図3
Description
本開示は、水素生成システムに関するものであり、より具体的には、小型の水蒸気改質水素生成システムに組み込まれる小型の一体型水蒸気改質装置に関係する。
水素生成ユニット(HGU)又はシステムには、一般的に水蒸気改質方法が含まれ、その方法には、燃料−水蒸気混合物を、燃料原料の組成に応じて、主として水素(H2)、一酸化炭素(CO)、二酸化炭素(CO2)、メタン(CH4)、水蒸気(H2O)、水素(H)及びその他のガスからなる水素リッチガス混合物に転換する熱化学的プロセスの組み合わせが含まれる。製造されているこの混合物は、一般的にリフォーメート(reformate)として知られている。多くの用途において、このリフォーメートストリームは、次に水素精製ユニットに移され、該ユニットにおいて、水素の60%〜90%は、比較的純粋な水素ストリーム(99+% H2)と、リフォーメート混合物中の他の種類のオフガスストリームに分離される。
この開示は、水素生成システムに用いられる水蒸気改質システム及び方法に関する。従来の燃料オイルのような炭化水素化合物を利用する水素生成システムは、例えば、望ましくは水素を抽出するために改質システムを利用する。この改質プロセスにおいて、改質反応は吸熱性であって、反応を進めるには熱が必要であることを意味している。改質器供給物(reformer feed)は、間接的に過熱温度まで加熱され、これにより、改質器供給物が、後にリフォーメートから分離される放出水素を分解できるようにしている。燃焼熱交換器における燃料ガスの燃焼は、リフォーメート温度を要求される高温まで上げるために用いられる。その後、改質器供給物が加熱され、触媒床を通過し、よりシンプルな構成ガスに分解されるとき、改質反応が起こる。高速の熱伝達が可能である一般的な小型改質器は、マイクロチャネルと平板熱交換器に基づいており、一般的にデザインが矩形又は正方形であって、拡散接合又は溶接されたコーナー部での熱応力によって欠陥が生ずる。この開示は、新規な一体型の改質反応器に特に焦点を当てたものであり、該改質反応器は、円筒形の改質反応器モジュールを形成するように直列に積み重ねて配置された複数の改質ステージと燃焼ステージを含んでいる。各改質ステージは、リフォーメートが通過する円盤形の触媒パックに隣接する円盤形の燃焼部を有しており、リフォーメートは、ステージ間で軸線方向に方向付けられ、各ステージ内では半径方向に方向付けられ、燃焼混合物は、ステージのグループ間で半径方向に方向付けられ、各ステージ内では円周方向に方向付けられる。
水蒸気改質反応器は、改質反応を推進するために、熱エネルギーを改質触媒に添加することが必要である。改質器は、一般的に、操業温度が700℃〜900℃の範囲内であり、副産熱エネルギーが、改質反応によって要求される吸熱エネルギーに用いられると、最高の効率に達する。水素生成システムにおいて、水素精製システムからのオフガスは、この副産熱エネルギーに用いることができる。燃料電池システムでは、アノードオフガスは、この副産熱エネルギーの供給源として用いることもできる。
CH4+H2O←→CO+3H2
CH4+2H2O←→CO2+4H2
CO+H2O←→CO2+H2
(CH2)n+n(H2O)←→n(CO)+(2nH2)
(CH2)n+(2nH2O)←→n(CO2)+(3nH2)
CH4←→C+2H2
2CO←→C+CO2
(CH2)n←→(C)n+(nH2)
Claims (20)
- 水素生成システムであって:
炭化水素燃料供給部と;
水供給部と;
燃焼ガス混合部;及び
燃料供給の一部を受け入れてリフォーメートとして処理し、別途燃焼混合物を受け入れる一体型の改質反応器を含んでおり、該反応器は:
積み重ねられ連続する構成に配置された複数の改質ステージを含み、各改質ステージは、リフォーメートが通過する円盤形の触媒パックに隣接する円盤形の燃焼部を有しており、リフォーメートは、ステージ間で軸線方向に、各ステージ内では半径方向に方向付けられ、燃焼混合物は、ステージのグループ間で軸線方向に、各ステージ内では円周方向に方向付けられる水素生成システム。 - 各ステージの燃焼部は、一対の対向する円盤形のプレートを含んでおり、各プレートは、フラットな熱交換面と反対面とを有し、反対面は、反対面上に形成された複数の弓形の同心円状リブと、貫通する中心軸方向ボアとを有しており、一対の円盤形のプレートは、一対のプレートの第1側縁から一対のプレートの反対の側縁に延びて、弓形で同心円状の通路を形成するように交互に配置された同心円状のリブと嵌まり合う請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 燃焼ガスを受入及び排出するために、交互に配置されたリブの側縁と側端との間に形成されたテーパー状入口通路と、反対のテーパー状出口通路とをさらに含んでいる請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 各リブの横断面は、各弓形通路をシールするように、反対のプレート面に接触している請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 触媒パックは、2つの触媒スクリーンの間に挟まれたフラットな円盤形のダイバータプレートを含んでいる請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 各触媒パックは、ダイバータプレートを挟む一連の触媒スクリーンを有している請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 燃焼部は、燃焼部を貫通する中央ボアを有し、中央ボアを通ってリフォーメートが通過し、隣接する触媒パックに軸線方向に入る請求項5に記載のシステム。
- リフォーメートは、最初に半径方向に触媒を通って、ダイバータプレートの外縁の周囲で、中央ボアからダイバータプレートの外縁に方向付けられ、隣接するステージの別の燃焼部の中央ボアへ半径方向内側に方向付けられる請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 一体型の改質反応器は、3つのグループに配置された複数のステージを有しており、燃焼ガスは、平行なステージの各グループを通って、一続きに順に接続されたグループ間を流れる請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 一体型の改質反応器は、少なくとも12のステージを有しており、燃焼ガスをステージのグループ間に方向付けるために、ステージに取り付けられたマニホールドを含んでいる請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 水素生成システムに使用するための一体型の改質反応器であって、該反応器は、リフォーメートを受け入れ、別途燃焼混合物を受け入れるものであって、該反応器は:
積み重ねられ連続する構成に配置された複数の改質ステージを含み、各改質ステージは、円盤形の触媒パックに隣接する円盤形の燃焼部を有しており、燃焼部をリフォーメートが通過し、リフォーメートは、ステージ間で軸線方向に、各ステージ内では半径方向に方向付けられ、燃焼混合物は、ステージのグループ間で軸線方向に、各ステージ内では円周方向に方向付けられる水素生成システムに用いられる一体型改質反応器。 - 各ステージの燃焼部は、一対の対向する円盤形のプレートを含み、各プレートは、フラットな熱交換面と反対面とを有し、反対面は、反対面上に形成された複数の弓形で同心円状のリブと、貫通する中心軸方向ボアとを有しており、一対の円盤形のプレートは、一対のプレートの第1側縁から一対のプレートの反対の側縁に延び、弓形で同心円状の通路を形成するように交互に配置された同心円状のリブと嵌まり合う請求項11に記載の反応器。
- 燃焼ガスを受入及び排出するために、交互に配置されたリブの側縁と側端との間に形成されたテーパー状入口通路と、反対のテーパー状出口通路とをさらに含んでいる請求項12に記載の反応器。
- 各リブの横断面は、各弓形通路をシールするように、反対のプレート面に接触している請求項12に記載の反応器。
- 触媒パックは、2つの触媒スクリーンの間に挟まれたフラットな円盤形のダイバータプレートを含んでいる請求項11に記載の反応器。
- 各触媒パックは、ダイバータプレートを挟む一連の触媒スクリーンを有している請求項15に記載の反応器。
- 燃焼部は、燃焼部を貫通する中央ボアを有し、中央ボアをリフォーメートが通過して、隣接する触媒パックに軸線方向に入る請求項15に記載の反応器。
- リフォーメートは、最初に半径方向に触媒を通って、ダイバータプレートの外縁の周囲で、中央ボアからダイバータプレートの外縁に方向付けられ、隣接するステージの別の燃焼部の中央ボアへ半径方向内側に方向付けられる請求項17に記載の反応器。
- 一体型の改質反応器は、3つのグループに配置された複数のステージを有しており、燃焼ガスは、平行なステージの各グループを通って、一続きに順に接続されたグループ間を流れる請求項11に記載の反応器。
- 一体型の改質反応器は、少なくとも12のステージを有しており、燃焼ガスをステージのグループ間に方向付けるために、ステージに取り付けられたマニホールドを含んでいる請求項19に記載の反応器。
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US9093681B2 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2015-07-28 | Intelligent Energy Inc. | Hydrogen generation having CO2 removal with steam reforming |
DK178843B1 (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2017-03-20 | Serenergy As | A reformer for a fuel cell system |
US11174163B2 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2021-11-16 | University Of Southern California | Biogas upgrading technology for power generation |
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JP2000053402A (ja) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-22 | General Motors Corp <Gm> | 熱的に統合されたメタノ―ル改質用の装置及び方法 |
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WO2007047898A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
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EP1941008B1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
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