JP2009501226A - 軽度ないし中等度のレベルの鎮静を誘発するためのプロポフォールプロドラッグの投与の方法 - Google Patents
軽度ないし中等度のレベルの鎮静を誘発するためのプロポフォールプロドラッグの投与の方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる2005年7月12日に出願された暫定の米国特許出願番号60/698,404に対する優先権を主張する。
鎮静を必要とする様々な種類の医学的手技において、外来の状況はますます一般的となってきている。外来での結腸内視鏡検査では、例えば、ベンゾジアゼピンが鎮静のために広く使用される。塩酸ミダゾラムと麻薬性鎮痛薬の組み合わせは、軽度ないし中等度の鎮静および鎮痛を提供するための極めて一般的な薬剤投与計画である。胃腸病専門医は、外来状況で使用するための、外来での外科的手技および診断的手技のための患者の鎮静後の回復時間が早く「街頭適応度(ストリートフィットネス:street-fitness)」の高い代替となる処置を模索している。
本発明は何らかの理論によって固められるものではないが、このプロドラッグはアルカリホスファターゼによる加水分解を受けてプロポフォールを放出すると考えられている。
一つの局面において、本発明は、患者において軽度ないし中等度の鎮静レベルを誘発するために有効な式Iの化合物の投与量を求める方法を目的とする。
ここで、それぞれのZは水素、アルカリ金属イオンおよびアミンからなる群より独自に選択される。方法は、患者の除脂肪体重を測定する工程および除脂肪体重に基づいて投与量を選択する工程を含む。短い外科的手技または直腸内視鏡検査のような診断的手技のために鎮静を必要とする対象の体重に比例した用量投与のためのプロドラッグ投与量の決定には、総体重ではなく除脂肪体重が有利なパラメータであることが見出されている。この知見は、特に過体重または肥満の対象の投与にとって治療上の重要な意味合いを持つと期待される。
鎮静を誘発するための活性物質は、式Iの水溶性化合物である。
または薬学的に許容されるその塩であり、それぞれのZは水素、アルカリ金属イオンおよびアミンからなる群より独立して選択される。各Zは好ましくはアルカリ金属イオンであり、特にナトリウムイオンが好ましく、従って、プロドラッグはO-ホスホノオキシメチルプロポフォール二ナトリウム塩である。
後期的結腸内視鏡検査を受ける患者に、鎮静のため、O-ホスホノオキシメチルプロポフォール二ナトリウム塩の35mg/mL無菌水溶液を静脈内投与した。患者は、プロドラッグの投与前に少なくとも12時間、カフェイン飲料および食物またはアルコールの摂取を控えた。オピオイドは72時間前に中止して、ベンズジアゼピンおよびバルビツール酸塩は開始前14日以内に中止した。但し、フェノバルビタールは21日前に中止した。各腕に1本の静脈内カテーテルを挿入して、1本のカテーテルは薬剤投与専用として、他方は採血用とした。
この実施例では、93名の患者に対して、以下の表2にまとめる通り、フェンタニルおよびプロポフォールプロドラッグボーラス用量を投与した。
この実施例では、初回投与スキームを2体重群に分割して、それぞれにフェンタニルおよびプロポフォールプロドラッグの固定用量を投与した。最初の患者の一部は体重 75〜80kgであり、980mg(28mL)を投与した。初回段階の期間中、これらの対象は、予想または所望よりも深く鎮静されて(MOAA/S <2)、軽度の低酸素血症(酸素飽和度 <90%)を発現した。その結果、高体重範囲の下限が>75kgから>80kgに変更された。表5は、調整した体重に基づく固定用量投与計画のまとめである。
実施例1Aおよび1Bの双方において収集された薬効データを記述統計量を用いてまとめた。修正OAA/Sの結果は各時点での平均、中央値および頻度分布としてまとめて、各用量毎にグループ分けした。各患者について、中間点アプローチを用いて、修正OAA/Sスコアが≧2および≦4である区間を算出した。個々の修正OAA/Sスコアのデータを分(±30秒)間隔でまとめて、次の3区間について図に表した:手技前は1分間隔で表示する;手技中は2分間隔で示す;さらに回復期は3分間隔で示す。指定されたタイムウィンドウの観察が欠失している場合は、最終観測繰越法(last observation carried forward (LOCF))を用いた。
SD=標準偏差
* 初回プロポフォールプロドラッグ投与から初回修正OAA/Sスコア ≦4までの時間(分)。
† 負の数値は、フェンタニルの後、プロポフォールプロドラッグの前に鎮静に達した患者を表す。
SD=標準偏差
* 初回プロポフォールプロドラッグ投与から初回修正OAA/Sスコア ≦4までの時間(分)。
† 負の数値は、フェンタニルの後、プロポフォールプロドラッグの前に鎮静に達した患者を表す。
SD=標準偏差
* 初回プロポフォールプロドラッグ投与から初回修正OAA/Sスコア ≦4までの時間(分)。
† 負の数値は、フェンタニルの後、プロポフォールプロドラッグの前に鎮静に達した患者を表す。
‡ 初回プロポフォールプロドラッグ投与から結腸内視鏡検査手技開始までの時間(分)
N=患者数、SD=標準偏差
‡ 3名の患者についてはデータが収集されなかった。
Claims (16)
- 用量が患者において≧2および≦4の修正観察者覚醒/鎮静評価(MOAA/S)スコアをもたらすために有効である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 患者が過体重または肥満である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 用量が1回またはそれよりも多い非経口的ボーラス注射による投与後に軽度ないし中等度の鎮静を誘発するために有効である、請求項3記載の方法。
- 軽度ないし中等度の鎮静を誘発するための用量が約3mg/kg除脂肪体重から約30mg/kg除脂肪体重の範囲である、請求項3記載の方法。
- 用量が約3mg/kg除脂肪体重から23mg/kg除脂肪体重よりも低い範囲である、請求項5記載の方法。
- 用量が約7.5mg/kg除脂肪体重から約15mg/kg除脂肪体重までの範囲である、請求項6記載の方法。
- 過体重または肥満患者において軽度ないし中等度の鎮静を誘発するための方法であって、請求項1記載の式Iの化合物を請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に従って求められる用量で該患者に投与する工程を含む方法。
- てんかん状態の治療、悪心または嘔吐の治療、そう痒症の治療、偏頭痛の治療、筋弛緩の誘発、意識消失の誘発、および意識鎮静状態の誘発からなる群より選択される薬学的効果を必要とする過体重または肥満患者において薬学的効果を誘発するための方法であって、患者の除脂肪体重を測定する工程、および該患者に請求項1記載の式Iの化合物の薬学的に有効な非経口用量を該患者の除脂肪体重に比例した量で投与する工程を含む方法。
- 用量が体重に適した用量に約0.6から約0.8までの年齢に基づく因子を掛けることによって求められる、請求項10記載の方法。
- 患者が少なくとも65歳である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 年齢に基づく因子が約0.75である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 用量が患者において≧2および≦4の修正観察者覚醒/鎮静評価(MOAA/S)スコアをもたらすために有効である、請求項10記載の方法。
- 用量が1回またはそれよりも多い非経口ボーラス注射による投与後に軽度ないし中等度の鎮静を誘発するために有効である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 少なくとも60歳の患者において軽度ないし中等度の鎮静を誘発するための方法であって、請求項10記載の式Iの化合物を請求項10〜15のいずれか一項に従って求められる用量で該患者に投与する工程を含む方法。
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PCT/US2006/026840 WO2007008869A1 (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2006-07-11 | Methods of dosing propofol prodrugs for inducing mild to moderate levels of sedation |
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US20150100294A1 (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-09 | Louis J. Wilson | Apparatus and method for modeling and predicting sedative effects of drugs such as propofol on patients |
US11062797B2 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2021-07-13 | Continuous Precision Medicine | Method and system for obtaining and using pharmacokinetic data in drug administration |
US11628178B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2023-04-18 | Epalex Corporation | Fospropofol methods and compositions |
US11547714B2 (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2023-01-10 | Epalex Corporation | Fospropofol salts, methods and compositions |
US11439653B1 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2022-09-13 | Epalex Corporation | Fospropofol formulations |
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US6071933A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2000-06-06 | Diversified Medical Innovations, Inc. | Homogeneous remifentanil-propofol blend for patient controlled anesthesia and process for its use |
WO2003086413A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-23 | Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical compositions containing water-soluble prodrugs of propofol and methods of administering same |
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