JP2009500408A - ワートマニン類似体及び化学療法薬と組み合わせた同一物を使用する方法 - Google Patents
ワートマニン類似体及び化学療法薬と組み合わせた同一物を使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009500408A JP2009500408A JP2008520226A JP2008520226A JP2009500408A JP 2009500408 A JP2009500408 A JP 2009500408A JP 2008520226 A JP2008520226 A JP 2008520226A JP 2008520226 A JP2008520226 A JP 2008520226A JP 2009500408 A JP2009500408 A JP 2009500408A
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Abstract
【選択図】 図16B
Description
本出願は、「ワートマニン類似体及びその使用」という名称で、2004年7月9日付で提出された米国仮出願第60/586,687号に対して優先権を主張しており、その全体は本明細書に組み込まれるものである。
発明の開示
Yはヘテロ原子であり、更にR1又はR2が不飽和アルキル、非直線アルキル、分枝鎖アルキル、置換アルキル、又は環状アルキルである。好ましくは、本発明は、図16において示される化合物から成る群より選択される化合物に対応する化学式を有する。
Yはヘテロ原子であり、更にR1又はR2は分枝鎖アルキル又は環状アルキルを含む不飽和アルキル、非直線アルキル、置換されたアルキルである。好ましくは、前記ワートマニン類似体は、図16において示される化合物からなる群より選択される化学式と一致する。より好ましくは、R1又はR2は、二置換アルキルである。一実施形態において、前記ワートマニン類似体はPX−866及びPX−867である。前記ワートマニン類似体は、化学療法薬の投与の前、実質的に同時、又は後に投与される。
Yはヘテロ原子であり、更にR1又はR2は分枝鎖アルキル又は環状アルキルを含む不飽和のアルキル、非直線アルキル、置換されたアルキルである。好ましくは、前記ワートマニン類似体のR1又はR2は二置換アルキルであり、化学療法薬は、ゲムシタビン(ジェムザール(登録商標))、パクリタキセル(タキソール(登録商標))、及びシスプラチン(プラチノール(登録商標))から成る群から選択されるものである。例示的な抗腫瘍標的化剤は、これに限定されるものではないが、ゲフィチニブを(イレッサ(登録商標))、エルロチニブ(タルセバ(登録商標))、トラスツズマブ(ハーセプチン(登録商標))、セツキシマブ(エルビタックス(登録商標))、及びベバシズマブ(アバスチン(登録商標))を含む。より好まれる実施形態において、前記方法はPX−866及びゲフィチニブを投与することを含む。また別の実施形態において、前記方法はPX−867及びゲフィチニブを投与することを含む。前記ワートマニン類似体は、化学療法薬の投与の前、実質的に同時に、又はその後に投与することが可能である。
Yはヘテロ原子であり、更にR1又はR2は分枝鎖アルキル又は環状アルキルを含む不飽和アルキル、非直線アルキル、置換アルキルである。好ましくは、前記ワートマニン類似体は、図16において示される化合物からなる群より選択される化学式と一致する。より好ましくは、R1又はR2は二置換アルキルである。一実施形態において、前記ワートマニン類似体はPX−866及びPX−867である。前記ワートマニン類似体は、化学療法薬の投与の前、実質的に同時、又は後に投与することが可能である。
Yはヘテロ原子、更にR1又はR2は分枝鎖アルキル又は環状アルキルを含む不飽和アルキル、非直線アルキル、置換アルキルである。好ましくは、ワートマニン類似体のR1又はR2は二置換アルキルであり、化学療法薬は、ゲムシタビン(ジェムザール(登録商標))、パクリタキセル(タキソール(登録商標))、及びシスプラチン(プラチノール(登録商標))から成るグループから選択される。例示的な抗腫瘍標的化剤は、これに限定されるものではないが、ゲフィチニブを(イレッサ(登録商標))、エルロチニブ(タルセバ(登録商標))、トラスツズマブ(ハーセプチン(登録商標))、セツキシマブ(エルビタックス(登録商標))、及びベバシズマブ(アバスチン(登録商標))を含む。より好ましい実施形態において、前記方法は、PX−866及びゲフィチニブの投与を含む。別のより好ましい実施形態において、前記方法は、PX−867及びゲフィチニブの投与を含む。前記ワートマニン類似体は、前記化学療法薬の投与前、実質的に同時に、又はその後に投与することが可能である。
化合物
PX−866(酢酸(1S,4E,10R,11R,13S,14R)−[4−ジアリルアミノメチレン−6−ヒドロキシ−1−メトキシメチル−10,13−ジメチル−3,7,17−トリオキソ−1,3,4,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17−ドデカヒドロ−2−オキサ−シクロペンタ[a]フェナントレン−11−イル−エステル)を前述したように合成した(21)。マウスへの静脈内投与では、PX−866を0.9%NaCl中の5%エタノールに10mg/mlで溶解し、経口投与では、水中の5%エタノールに5mg/mlで溶解した。ゲフィチニブをAstra Zeneca(英国,Macclesfield)から入手し、経口投与のために水中の0.1%Tween20に7.5mg/mlで懸濁した。ウサギから精製した抗ホスホSer473−Akt抗体、抗Akt抗体、抗ホスホTyr1086−EGF受容体抗体、及び抗EGFR抗体をCell Signaling Technology(マサチューセッツ州,Beverly)から入手した。ヒト組換えp110α/p85α、p110β/p85α、p120γ、及びp110δ/p85α PtdIns−3−キナーゼをUpstate(バージニア州,Charlottesville)から入手した。塩酸メトホルミンをSpectrum Chemical(カリフォルニア州,Gardena)から、塩酸ピオグリタゾン及び組換えヒトインスリンをSigma Chemical(St.Louis)から入手した。
A−549非小細胞肺癌細胞をAmerican Tissue Type Collection(メリーランド州,Rockville)から入手した。前記細胞を、10%ウシ胎児血清(fbs)を追加したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)において37℃、加湿95%空気、5%CO2で培養した。全細胞株を、PCR ELISA kit(Roche Diagnostics Inc.,インディアナ州,Indianapolis)を使用して、マイコプラズマがなくなるように試験した。
組換えウシp110α/p85α及び組換えヒトp110β/p85α、p120γ、及びp110δ/p85αを阻害するPX−866の能力を、Stirdivantらが報告したようにPtdInsの[32P](−ATP依存リン酸化によって測定した(22)。前述したように、細胞性PtdIns−3−キナーゼの阻害を、ウェスタンブロッティングで測定される総Aktに対するホスホSer473−Aktの割合として測定した。
対数細胞成長において、およそ107個のA−549nsc肺癌細胞を、重症複合免疫不全(scid)マウスの脇腹に、0.2mlのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水で皮下注射した。前記腫瘍が100若しくは600mm3に達したときに、前記マウスを、平均とほぼ等しい腫瘍体積を有する8匹の集団に階層にし、薬剤投与を始めた。投薬は、75mg/kgのゲフィチニブを経口投与で、4、9、若しくは12mg/kgのPX−866を静脈内投与で、1、2.5、及び3mg/kgのPX−866を静脈内投与で、若しくはゲフィチニブ投与の4時間前にPX−866を、1日おきに行った。動物の体重を毎週測定し、腫瘍直径を週に2回、電子キャリパーで直角(dショート及びdロング)に測定し、腫瘍体積を計算式、体積=(dショート)2×(dロング))2によって算出した。腫瘍が2,000mm3若しくはそれ以上に達したとき、或いは壊死したときに、前記動物を安楽死させた。
107個のA−549nsc肺癌細胞を雄のscidマウスの脇腹に皮下注射し、およそ300mm3まで成長させることができた。マウスに、12mg/kgのPX−866を静脈内投与で、3mg/kgのPX−866を経口投与で、また75g/kgのゲフィチニブを静脈内投与で、5日間に亘って1日おきに投与した。腫瘍を最後の投薬の24時間後に除去し、すぐに液体窒素で凍結させた。アッセイのために、前記腫瘍を50mM HEPES緩衝液、pH7.5、50mM NaCl、1%ノニデットP40、及び0.25%デオキシコール酸ナトリウムで均質化し、抗ホスホSer473−Akt及び抗Akt抗体を使用してウェスタンブロッティングを行った。腫瘍Akt活性を、総Aktに対するホスホ−Ser473−Aktの割合として表した。
雄のscidマウスに、10mg/kgのPX−866を静脈内投与で、若しくは3及び1.5mg/kgのPX−866を経口投与で1日おきに14投薬分投与した。C57Bl/6マウスに、3mg/kgのPX−866を経口投与で1日おきに15投薬分投与した。最後の投薬から24時間後に前記マウスを殺し、体重、血液リンパ球、好中球、赤血球、血小板数、血清グルコース、アスパルテートアミノトランスフェラーゼ(AST)、及びアミノアラニントランスフェラーゼ(ALT)の変化を測定した。
雌のC5781/6マウスを一晩絶食させ、1回量のD(+)グルコース(1mg/kg)を0.1g/ml溶液として経口で投与した。0、10、20、30、60、90、120、及び180分の血液を採取し、血漿グルコース濃度曲線下面積(AUC0〜180分)を得るために、血漿グルコースを血糖キット(Sigma Chemical Co.,ミズーリ州,St Louis)を使用して測定した。マウスに、1回量として10mg/kgのPX−866を経口投与し、4時間後にグルコースを投与し、若しくは3mg/kgのPX−866を経口で1日おきに20投薬分投与し、最後の投薬から24時間後及び8日後にグルコースを投与した。250mg/kgのメトホルミンを5日間毎日経口投与し(24)、前記グルコース投与前に10mg/kgのピオグリタゾンを腹腔内投与で7日間毎日投与した(25)。0.075μg/kgのヒト組換えインスリンを、グルコース投与と同時に腹腔内投与で投与した(26)。
屠殺後、マウスの骨髄を各々の大腿骨から抽出し、赤血球を0.2%の低張NaClで溶解させ、続いて1.6%の高張NaClを添加した。Iscoveの最小必須培地、15%fbs、1%ウシ血清アルブミン、10μg/ml組換えヒトインスリン、200μg/mlヒトトランスフェリン、10mM β−メルカプトエタノール、2mM L−グルタミン、50ng/ml rm幹細胞因子、10ng/ml組換えマウスインターロイキン−3、10ng/ml組換えヒトインターロイキン−6、及び3units/ml組換えエリスロポエチンに1%メチルセルロースを含む1mlのMethocult(商標)GF M3434(Stemcell Technologies Inc,カナダ、ブリティッシュコロンビア州、Vancouver)に、およそ20,000の細胞を蒔いた。細胞を3重に蒔き、記録する前に14日間、湿潤環境で37℃及び5%CO2で培養した。コロニー(>40セル/コロニー)若しくはクラスタ(3〜40細胞)を記録し、コロニー−形成ユニット顆粒球、赤血球、マクロファージ、巨核球(CFU−GEMM);バースト−形成ユニット−赤血球(BFU−E)、コロニー形成ユニット顆粒球マクロファージ(CFU−GM)の成長を、標準的な基準を用いて算定した。単一細胞のバックグラウンドレベルで定性的観察を行った。
PtdIns−3−キナーゼ阻害
組換えPtdIns−3−キナーゼを阻害するPX−866の能力をワートマニンによる阻害と比較して表3に示した。PX−866及びワートマニンは、p110α、p120γ、及びp110δの強力な阻害剤であるが、PX−866はp110βの弱い阻害剤である点でワートマニンとは異なる。
PX−866は、25nMのIC50で、10%fbsを含む培地中のA−549ヒト乳癌細胞のホスホ−Aktを阻害した。ゲフィチニブは、24時間血清飢餓にされ、25ng/mlのEGFで刺激され、10%fbsを有する培地中にはない細胞中のホスホ−Aktのみを阻害した。これは、PtdIns−3−キナーゼ経路が、EGFに加えて、血清中の成育因子によって刺激されることを示唆する。細胞増殖阻害研究は、A−549細胞が1.1μMのIC50を有するゲフィチニブによる増殖阻害に耐性であるという過去の報告を裏付けた。 最高100nMの濃度のPX−866は、ゲフィチニブによる増殖阻害を高めなかった。
100mm3のA−549ヒトnsc肺癌異種移植片を有するマウスに、1日おきに75mg/kgのゲフィチニブを経口投与すると、投薬期間の最後に、51%のT/Cを有する異種移植片成長が阻害された(図7)。PX−866は、静脈内投与で与えられるよりも経口投与で与えられたときに抗腫瘍剤としておよそ4倍強力であり、投薬量は適宜調整された(表4)。雌のscidマウスの脇腹の皮下に、107個のA−549ヒトnsc肺癌細胞を埋め込んだ。14投薬分の1日おきの薬物療法が始まる前に、腫瘍を100mm3の平均体積まで成長させた。抗腫瘍活性を、投薬期間の最後に処理腫瘍/コントロール腫瘍(T/C%)の%体積として表した。各々のグループには8匹のマウスがおり、全ての相違はp<0.01であった。
A−549腫瘍異種移植片を有するマウスへ、1日おきに5日間、75mg/kgのゲフィチニブを経口投与すると、腫瘍ホスホ−EGFRを43%阻害したが、腫瘍ホスホ−Aktには顕著な効果を奏さなかった(図8)。1日おきに5日間、12mg/kgの静脈内投与、若しくは3mg/kgのPX−866の経口投与は、腫瘍ホスホ−EGFRに顕著な効果を有さなかったが、腫瘍ホスホ−Aktをそれぞれ51%及び48%阻害した。ゲフィチニブ及びPX−866の組み合わせは、腫瘍ホスホ−EGFR及び腫瘍ホスホ−Aktの両者を阻害した。同様の効果は、図9に図示するように、第2の研究にも見られた。このように、A−549腫瘍異種移植片において、EGFR及びPtdIns−3−キナーゼ経路は、個別に機能し、それぞれゲフィチニブ及びPX−866によって選択的に阻害されるように思われる。
scidマウスに対する長期間のPX−866投与の毒性を表5に要約した。値は、1グループにつき4匹のマウスの平均±SEのものである。
PX−866による血漿グルコースの増加の機構の更なる見識を得るために、絶食C57Bl/6マウスへの1gグルコース/kgの経口投与に続いて、インスリンレベル及び糖耐性について研究を行った(図10)。1回量として10mg/kgのPX−866の経口投与によって、最高5時間の血漿インスリンレベルの増加が生じた。PX−866はまた、前記マウスにおいて糖耐性を減少させ、特にグルコース投与の1時間後の時点で、血漿グルコースの増加を導き、その時点では、血漿グルコースが非処理マウスでは減少していたが、PX−866処理マウスでは増加していた。全ての糖耐性研究のAUC0〜180分の結果を以下の表6に示した。値は、1グループにつき4匹のマウスの平均±SEである。
C57Bl/6マウスに3mg/kgのPX−866を1日おきに15投薬分、経口投与するとき、コントロールマウスでの1.2±0.3K/μlからPX−866処理マウスでの3.7±1.8K/μlまでの好中球数(±S.E.、n=4)の顕著な増加があったが、他のいかなる血液成分には顕著な変化はなかった。骨髄コロニー形成ユニットは、赤血球系統CFU−GEMM、BFU−E、若しくはCFU−Eでは顕著な変化を示さず、骨髄CFU−GM(±S.E.、n=4)では、コントロールマウスでの蒔かれた60,000骨髄細胞につき388±52コロニーからPX−866処理マウスでの168±59コロニー(p<0.05)へ、小さいが顕著な減少を示した。同時に、PX−866処理マウスからの培養物において、個々の白血球数の増加があり、細胞接着が変化したことを示唆した。
ゲフィチニブによる増殖阻害に対するnsc肺癌細胞株の感受性は、EGFに刺激されたEGFRの自己リン酸化の阻害、細胞表面EGFRの発現低下、ERK1/2の発現低下、及びPtdIns−3−キナーゼ/Akt情報伝達の阻害と関連する。PtdIns−3−キナーゼ/Akt経路は、癌細胞生存のための重要な経路である。Ono等による研究において、ゲフィチニブは、ホスホ−Aktレベルを測定することによって、ほとんど全てのnsc肺癌細胞株においてEGF起因性PtdIns−3−キナーゼ/Akt情報伝達を阻害したが、数株(3/11)だけが、血清刺激増殖条件下でホスホ−Aktの阻害を示した。これらの結果は、EGF以外の多くのnsc肺癌細胞株因子がPtdIns−3−キナーゼ/Akt情報伝達の活性化に関与することを示唆する。この表現型を有する腫瘍細胞は、EGFRインヒビターの細胞増殖抑制性活性、及び/若しくは細胞毒性活性に、限定的な反応を示す可能性がある。最近、Engelman等は、ErbB−3がEGFR情報伝達をPtdins−3−キナーゼ/Aktの活性化とつなげること、及びゲフィチニブが、野生型若しくは変異体のどちらかのEGFRとErbB−3とを発現しているnsc肺癌細胞株においてのみ、ホスホ−Akt及び細胞増殖を阻害することを報告した。しかし、強制的にErbB−3を発現させると、ゲフィチニブ感受性のnsc肺癌細胞が生み出されず、これはEGFR以外の経路がErbB−3不完全細胞においてPtdins−3−キナーゼ/Akt情報伝達を活性化するに違いないことを示唆している。ErbB受容体ファミリーの他の因子はまた、PtdIns−3−キナーゼを活性化し、癌の表現型を促進するために、ErbB−3と結びつける可能性がある。我々は、PtdIns−3−キナーゼの阻害が、ゲフィチニブ耐性nsc肺癌細胞株においてゲフィチニブの抗腫瘍活性を強化するための合理的な戦略を提供できると推論した。
Claims (16)
- 請求項1記載の方法において、
前記R1又はR2は二置換アルキルである。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化学療法薬は、細胞障害剤及び抗腫瘍標的化剤から成る群より選択されるものである。
- 請求項2記載の方法において、前記細胞障害剤は、ゲムシタビン(gemcitabine)、パクリタキセル(paclitaxel)、及びシスプラチン(cisplatin)から成る群より選択されるものである。
- 請求項2記載の方法において、前記抗腫瘍標的化剤は、ゲフィチニブ(gefitinib)、エルロチニブ(erlotinib)、トラスツズマブ(trastuzumab)、セツキシマブ(cetuximab)、及びベバシズマブ(bevacizumab)から成る群より選択されるものである。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化合物は経口投与されるものである。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化合物は静脈内投与されるものである。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化合物はPX−866であり、前記化学療法薬はゲフィチニブである。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化合物はPX−866であり、前記化学療法薬はベバシズマブである。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化合物はPX−867であり、前記化学療法薬はゲフィチニブである。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化合物はPX−867であり、前記化学療法薬はベバシズマブである。
- 前記請求項1の方法において、この方法は、さらに、
抗高血糖剤を投与する工程を有するものである。
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- 2005-07-11 JP JP2008520226A patent/JP5371426B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-11 EP EP10184151A patent/EP2301533A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-11 CA CA2578336A patent/CA2578336C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-11 EP EP05773378A patent/EP1901738A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-11 US US11/178,553 patent/US7446124B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-11 WO PCT/US2005/024429 patent/WO2007008200A1/en active Application Filing
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2008
- 2008-09-23 US US12/235,730 patent/US7858657B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
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JP2012526772A (ja) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-11-01 | ノバルティス アーゲー | ホスホイノシチド3−キナーゼ阻害剤および抗糖尿病性化合物の組合せ剤 |
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AU2005333515B2 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
CA2578336C (en) | 2013-09-24 |
US20110110941A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
WO2007008200A8 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
US20090087441A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
US20060063824A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
CA2578336A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
AU2005333515A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
US7446124B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
EP1901738A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
EP1901738A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
JP5371426B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
US7858657B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
WO2007008200A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
AU2005333515A8 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
EP2301533A8 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
EP2301533A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
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