JP2009265406A - Display device and electronic appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display device capable of improving the display quality compared with the conventional configuration while achieving both prevention of the brightness decline in the plane direction and improvement of the viewing angle characteristics. <P>SOLUTION: An anisotropic scattering film 18 has a region in an in-plane direction (direction in the X-Y plane) including a plurality of high refractive index regions 18H comprising quadrangular prisms inclined with respect to the thickness direction (Z direction), and a low refractive index region 18L. Accordingly, display light scattered according to the inclination direction of the quadrangular prism-like high refractive index regions 18H is emitted selectively. In the quadrangular prism-like high refractive index regions 18H, one side of the rectangular cross-section (one side in the X direction) is substantially parallel with the light emission surface of a surface light source 160. Accordingly, incident light from other than the inclination direction is emitted while maintaining the incident angle θ without being scattered. Therefore, compared with the conventional configuration, the light amount loss of the incident light is reduced and blurring of a display image due to the scattering can be prevented. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device that emits display light having light distribution characteristics, and an electronic device including such a display device.

  In display devices and light source devices using self-luminous elements such as organic EL (ElectroLuminescence) elements and LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), a resonator structure or reflector using multiple reflections was used to improve light utilization efficiency. A structure has been proposed and realized. However, when such a structure is adopted, the directivity is often strong in the light distribution of the output light, and such a light distribution characteristic is not preferable for a display device. In particular, a sharp decrease in luminance or color shift (viewing angle characteristics) when viewed from an oblique direction causes a significant decrease in display image quality.

  Conventionally, as a method for improving such viewing angle characteristics, there are a method of using a diffusion plate in which beads are dispersed in a resin, or a scattering plate having an uneven surface. These give uniform action (diffuse action or scattering action) to incident light. Therefore, in order to increase the uniformity with respect to the viewing angle distribution, it is necessary to increase the proportion of light incident at a critical angle or more with respect to the bead or the uneven surface and to cause vignetting in the incident light.

  However, when vignetting is caused in such a manner, the ratio of light incidence exceeding the critical angle increases, resulting in a decrease in luminance. Such a decrease in luminance causes an increase in power consumption and an increase in current density, which increases the load on the display device and the light source device.

  In addition, when a diffusing plate or scattering plate having a very strong scattering action is applied to a display device, problems such as blurring and blurring of the display image and an increase in reflected light are newly caused by the strong scattering action. appear. Therefore, when considering application to a display device, it becomes difficult to provide a clear image.

  On the other hand, in recent years, anisotropic scattering films having angle selectivity have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This has a constant refractive index in the normal direction (thickness direction) of the film and a region having a different refractive index in the in-plane direction of the film. Such a difference in refractive index in the in-plane direction causes a scattering effect and a transmission effect due to total reflection, and has the above-described angle selectivity.

JP 2007-249182 A

  In the anisotropic scattering film proposed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and the like, in addition to the scattering action by multiple reflection similar to the conventional diffusion plate and scattering plate, by the lens effect in the cylindrical refractive index region in the in-plane direction, New scattering action is given. Here, the lens effect in such a cylindrical refractive index region seems to be very effective from the viewpoint of scattering action. However, when such an anisotropic scattering film is applied to a display device, it is difficult to provide a clear image because a very strong pixel blurring effect occurs as in the case of the diffusion plate and scattering plate described above. It will end up.

  Note that the problems described so far can occur not only in display devices using self-luminous elements, but also in display devices using liquid crystal elements.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a display capable of improving display image quality as compared with the related art while achieving both reduction in luminance in the front direction and improvement in viewing angle characteristics. It is to provide an apparatus and an electronic device.

  The display device of the present invention includes a light emitting element disposed in each pixel and anisotropy for scattering incident light from the light emitting element disposed on the observation surface side of the light emitting element and having an angle-dependent light distribution characteristic. And a scattering layer. Here, in the anisotropic scattering layer, the region in the in-plane direction includes a plurality of high refractive index regions and a low refractive index region having a lower refractive index than these high refractive index regions. The high refractive index region has a quadrangular prism shape inclined from the thickness direction, and one side of a rectangular cross section in the quadrangular columnar high refractive index region is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element.

  An electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the display device having a display function.

  In the display device and the electronic apparatus of the present invention, incident light from a light emitting element having angle-dependent light distribution characteristics is scattered in the anisotropic scattering layer and emitted as display light. Here, in this anisotropic scattering layer, the region in the in-plane direction is composed of a plurality of high refractive index regions having a quadrangular prism shape inclined from the thickness direction and the low refractive index region. Depending on the incident direction, different actions are performed in the anisotropic scattering layer. That is, the incident light from the tilt direction of the quadrangular prism-shaped high refractive index region is multiple-reflected in the high refractive index region and becomes display light selectively scattered in the tilt direction. Further, incident light from a direction other than the tilt direction passes through the high refractive index region and becomes display light. At that time, since one side of the rectangular cross section in the square columnar high refractive index region is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element, incident light from a direction other than the inclined direction is different from the conventional one. In this case, the light is emitted without maintaining the incident angle.

  According to the display device or electronic device of the present invention, in the anisotropic scattering layer, the in-plane direction region is composed of a plurality of high-refractive index regions that are square pillars inclined from the thickness direction and the low-refractive index region. Thus, the scattered display light can be selectively emitted according to the inclination direction of the quadrangular columnar high refractive index region. In addition, since one side of the rectangular cross section in the quadrangular columnar high refractive index region is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element, incident light from directions other than the tilt direction is not scattered and the incident angle is maintained. As compared with the prior art, the light quantity loss of incident light can be reduced and the blur of the display image due to scattering can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to improve the display image quality as compared with the related art while achieving both the reduction in luminance in the front direction and the improvement in viewing angle characteristics.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional configuration (ZX cross-sectional configuration) of a display device (organic EL display device 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the organic EL display device 1, for example, a plurality of light emitting units 16R, 16G, and 16B, which will be described later, are arranged in a matrix in the pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B on a driving substrate 11 made of glass or the like. On the driving substrate 11, a signal line driving circuit and a scanning line driving circuit (not shown) which are pixel driving circuits for image display are formed. Specifically, between the driving substrate 11 and the counter substrate 15, the light emitting units 16R, 16G, and 16B, the insulating layer 12, the protective layer 13, the sealing layer 14, and the color filter layer are arranged from the driving substrate 11 side. 17R, 17B, 17G and a black matrix layer BM are stacked in this order. Further, the anisotropic scattering film 18 (anisotropic scattering layer) is uniformly formed on the opposite substrate 15 on the opposite side (observation surface side) of the driving substrate 11.

  The light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B are formed in regions corresponding to the pixels 10R, 10G, and 10G, respectively, and are self-luminous light emitting elements that emit light in a red wavelength region, a green wavelength region, and a blue wavelength region (organic EL). Element). FIG. 2 shows the cross-sectional configuration (ZX cross-sectional configuration) of this organic EL element in detail. The organic EL element includes a driving transistor (not shown) of the pixel driving circuit described above, a first electrode 161 as a mirror, a hole injection layer 162 that is an organic layer, and a hole transporting layer 163 from the driving substrate 11 side. The light emitting layer 164, the electron transport layer 165, and the second electrode 166 as a half mirror are laminated in this order (resonator structure). With such a resonator structure, the light emitted from the light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B has angle-dependent light distribution characteristics.

  These organic EL elements are covered with a protective layer 13 such as silicon nitride (SiNx), and a counter substrate 15 made of glass or the like is bonded to the entire surface of the protective layer 13 with a sealing layer 14 therebetween. It is sealed by. Note that the drive transistor is electrically connected to the first electrode 161 through the opening 12-1 provided in the insulating film 12.

  The first electrode 161 is configured by, for example, an electrode in which ITO (indium-tin composite oxide) is laminated on Ag or an Ag alloy.

As described above, the organic layers in the light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B are configured by laminating the hole injection layer 162, the hole transport layer 163, the light emitting layer 164, and the electron transport layer 165 in this order from the first electrode 161 side. Of these layers, layers other than the light-emitting layer 164 may be provided as necessary. Moreover, such an organic layer may have a different configuration depending on the emission color of the organic EL element. The hole injection layer 161 is a buffer layer for improving hole injection efficiency and preventing leakage. This is to increase the efficiency of hole transport to the hole transport layer 163 and the light emitting layer 164. The light emitting layer 164 generates light by applying an electric field to recombine electrons and holes. As will be described in detail later, the light emitting layer 164 includes a host material having charge transporting properties and a dopant material (guest material) having light emitting properties. The electron transport layer 165 is for increasing the efficiency of transporting electrons to the light emitting layer 164. Note that an electron injection layer (not shown) having a thickness of, for example, about 0.3 nm and made of LiF, Li ₂ O, or the like may be provided between the electron transport layer 165 and the second electrode 166.

The hole injection layer 162 of the light emitting portion 16R has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm, and 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) or 4, It is composed of 4 ′, 4 ″ -tris (2-naphthylphenylamino) triphenylamine (2-TNATA). The hole transport layer 163 of the light emitting unit 16R has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm and is made of bis [(N-naphthyl) -N-phenyl] benzidine (α-NPD). The light emitting layer 164 of the light emitting unit 16R has a thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm, for example, and is a dopant material to 9,10-di- (2-naphthyl) anthracene (ADN) (host material) which is a host material. , 6≡bis [4′≡methoxydiphenylamino) styryl] ≡1,5≡dicyanonaphthalene (BSN) 30% by weight. The electron transport layer 165 of the light emitting portion 16R has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and is composed of 8≡hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq ₃ ).

The hole injection layer 162 of the light emitting unit 16G has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm and is made of m-MTDATA or 2-TNATA. The hole transport layer 163 of the light emitting unit 16G has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm and is made of α-NPD. The light emitting layer 164 of the light emitting unit 16G has, for example, a thickness of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and is configured by mixing 5% by volume of coumarin 6 (Coumarin 6) as a dopant material with ADN as a host material. The electron transport layer 165 of the light emitting unit 16G has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm and is made of Alq ₃ .

The hole injection layer 162 of the light emitting unit 16B has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm and is made of m-MTDATA or 2-TNATA. The hole transport layer 163 of the light emitting unit 16B has, for example, a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm and is made of α-NPD. The light-emitting layer 164 of the light-emitting portion 16B has a thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm, for example, and a host material, ADN, has a dopant material of 4,4′≡bis [2≡ {4≡ (N, N≡diphenylamino). ) Phenyl} vinyl] biphenyl (DPAVBi) mixed at 2.5% by weight. For example, the electron transport layer 165 of the light emitting unit 16B has a thickness of 5 nm to 300 nm and is made of Alq ₃ .

  For example, the second electrode 166 has a thickness of 5 nm or more and 50 nm or less, and is made of a single element or alloy of a metal element such as aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sodium (Na). Among these, an alloy of magnesium and silver (MgAg alloy) or an alloy of aluminum (Al) and lithium (Li) (AlLi alloy) is preferable.

The insulating layer 12 is for planarizing the surface of the driving substrate 11 and is made of, for example, an organic material such as polyimide or an inorganic material such as silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ).

The protective layer 13 is for preventing moisture and the like from entering the organic layers in the light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B. The protective layer 13 is made of a material having low permeability and water absorption and has a sufficient thickness. is doing. In addition, the protective layer 13 is made of a material having a high transmittance with respect to the light generated in the light emitting layer 164 and having a transmittance of 80% or more, for example. Such a protective layer 13 has a thickness of about 0.5 μm to 7.0 μm, for example, and is made of an inorganic amorphous insulating material. Specifically, amorphous silicon (α-Si), amorphous silicon carbide (α-SiC), amorphous silicon nitride (α-Si _1-x N _x ), and amorphous carbon (α-C) are preferable. Since these inorganic amorphous insulating materials do not constitute grains, the water permeability is low and a good protective layer 13 is obtained. The protective layer 13 may be made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO.

  The sealing layer 14 is made of, for example, a thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet curable resin.

  The counter substrate 15 is located on the second electrode 166 side of the light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B, and seals the light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B together with the sealing layer 14, and the light emitting portions 16R, 16G. , 16B is made of a material such as glass that is transparent to the light generated. The counter substrate 15 is provided with, for example, color filter layers 17R, 17G, and 17B. The counter substrate 15 takes out light generated in the light emitting units 16R, 16G, and 16B, and reflects on the light emitting units 16R, 16G, and 16B and wiring therebetween. It absorbs the external light and improves the contrast. The counter substrate 15 is also provided with a black matrix layer BM and an anisotropic scattering film 18 described later.

  The color filter layer is composed of a color filter layer 17R that is a red filter, a color filter layer 17G that is a green filter, and a color filter layer 17B that is a blue filter, and corresponds to each of the light emitting units 16R, 16G, and 16B. It is arranged in the pixel. The color filter layers 17R, 17G, and 17B are each formed in, for example, a rectangular shape without a gap. Each of these color filter layers 17R, 17G, and 17B is made of a resin mixed with a pigment, and by selecting the pigment, the light transmittance in the target red, green, or blue wavelength region is high. The light transmittance in the wavelength range is adjusted to be low.

The black matrix layer BM is formed in a region corresponding to the pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B. The black matrix layer BM partitions the display region of the pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B, and prevents reflection of external light at the boundaries between the areas of the respective colors. In addition, light leakage between pixels is prevented and contrast is increased. The black matrix layer BM is formed by laminating a thin film layer of metal, metal oxide, and metal nitride, or a resin. For example, the black matrix layer BM is composed of a laminate of CrO _x (x is an arbitrary number) and Cr. A chrome black matrix or a three-layer chrome black matrix composed of a laminate of CrO _x , CrN _y and Cr (x and y are arbitrary numbers) with reduced reflectivity is used.

  The anisotropic scattering film 18 is a film for scattering incident light from the light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B (organic EL elements) having angle-dependent light distribution characteristics. Here, FIG. 3A shows a detailed cross-sectional configuration (ZX cross-sectional configuration) of the anisotropic scattering film 18. FIG. 3B illustrates a planar configuration (XY plane configuration) of the anisotropic scattering film 18.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the anisotropic scattering film 18 has a plurality of scattering layers laminated on a support portion 180 made of a material such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or TAC (triacetyl cellulose). It has a structured. Specifically, it has a six-layer structure in which low-angle scattering layers 181A and 181B, intermediate scattering layers 182A and 182B, and high-angle scattering layers 183A and 183B are stacked in this order from the counter substrate 15 side to the support portion 180 side. Yes.

  Here, FIG. 4A shows a detailed cross-sectional structure (ZX cross-sectional structure) of each of the scattering layers 181 to 183 together with the surface light source 160 by the light emitting portions 16R, 16G, and 16B. FIG. 4B shows a detailed cross-sectional structure (XY cross-sectional structure) of each of the scattering layers 181 to 183 together with the surface light source 160.

  In each of the scattering layers 181 to 183, for example, as shown in FIG. 4B, the region in the in-plane direction (XY plane in-plane direction) has a plurality of high refractive index regions 18H (for example, the refractive index is 1.. A refractive index region of about 55 to 1.80) and a low refractive index region 18L having a lower refractive index than these high refractive index regions 18H (for example, a refractive index region of about 1.52 to 1.77). It is composed of Specifically, in the XY plane direction, a plurality of high refractive index regions 18H are arranged in a matrix so as not to contact each other, and a low refractive index region 18L is arranged in a gap between these high refractive index regions 18H. Has been. Further, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the high refractive index region 18H has a quadrangular prism shape, and the thickness direction of each of the scattering layers 181 to 183 (on the observation surface of the organic EL display device 1). It is inclined with respect to the normal direction) by an inclination angle α (for example, α = about 10 ° to 15 °). Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, one side (here, one side in the X direction) of the rectangular cross section in the square columnar high refractive index region 18H is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the surface light source 160. Yes. In addition, it is preferable that the inclination angle α in the square columnar high refractive index region 18H is set to be equal to or less than the critical angle of the incident light to each of the scattering layers 181 to 183. As will be described later, the incident light is totally reflected in the high refractive index region 18H, so that an effective scattering action can be generated. With such a configuration, each of the scattering layers 181 to 183 has a haze characteristic as shown in FIG. 5, for example, as will be described in detail later. That is, light (for example, the light ray L1 shown in FIG. 4A) having an incident angle of not more than a critical angle (± 15 ° in this case) is selectively scattered by multiple reflection by total reflection, and the incident angle is Light having a critical angle or more (for example, the light beam L2 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B) is selectively transmitted.

  The anisotropic scattering film 18 also has a quadrangular prism-like high refraction like the low angle scattering layers 181A and 181B, the intermediate scattering layers 182A and 182B, and the high angle scattering layers 183A and 183B shown in FIG. The inclination angle α in the rate region 18H is different for each of the plurality of scattering layers. Specifically, in the low-angle scattering layers 181A and 181B, the inclination angle α is a low angle (for example, α = 0 ° to 10 °), and in the intermediate scattering layers 182A and 182B, the inclination angle α is an intermediate angle (for example, , Α = about 8 ° to 20 °), and in the high-angle scattering layers 183A and 183B, the inclination angle α is a high angle (for example, α = about 15 ° to 45 °). The tilt direction in the low angle scattering layer 181A, the intermediate scattering layer 182A, and the high angle scattering layer 183A is, for example, the direction of the arrow Pa (+ X direction) in FIG. 3B, while the low angle scattering layer 181B, The inclination direction in the intermediate scattering layer 182B and the high angle scattering layer 183B is, for example, the direction of the arrow Pb (−X direction) in FIG. Further, such an inclination angle α is set so as to increase gradually from the light emitting surface side of the surface light source 160 to the observation surface side of the organic EL display device 1 as low angle → intermediate angle → high angle. ing.

  Here, each scattering layer 181 to 183 in such an anisotropic scattering film 18 is formed as follows, for example. That is, first, each of the scattering layers 181 to 183 is preferably formed by curing a composition containing a photocurable compound. This is because the anisotropic scattering film 18 can be easily manufactured.

  As a form of the composition containing the photocurable compound, (A) a form of a photopolymerizable compound alone, (B) a form containing a mixture of a plurality of photopolymerizable compounds, (C) a single or a plurality of photopolymerizable compounds Examples include a form containing a mixture of a compound and a polymer resin not having photopolymerizability. Here, the single photopolymerizable compound in the forms of (A) and (C) above preferably has a large refractive index change before and after photopolymerization. Moreover, as a some photopolymerizable compound in the form of said (B) and (C), the combination from which the refractive index after hardening differs is preferable. Furthermore, the photopolymerizable compound in the form (C) and the polymer resin not having photopolymerizability are preferably combinations having different refractive indexes after curing. The difference between the refractive index change and the refractive index is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, and still more preferably 0.10 or more.

  The photocurable compound includes a polymer, oligomer or monomer photopolymerizable compound (radical polymerizable compound or cationic polymerizable compound) having a radical polymerizable or cationic polymerizable functional group and a photoinitiator, It is preferable to have a property of being polymerized and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays and visible rays.

  As the cationically polymerizable compound, a compound containing at least one epoxy group, vinyl ether group, and / or oxetane group in the molecule can be used. Examples of the compound containing an epoxy group in the molecule include bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol AD, bisphenol S, tetramethylbisphenol A, tetramethylbisphenol F, tetrachlorobisphenol A, and tetrabromobisphenol. Diglycidyl ethers of bisphenols such as A, phenol novolaks, cresol novolaks, polyglycidyl ethers of novolak resins such as brominated phenol novolaks, orthocresol novolaks, ethylene glycol, butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl Diglycidyl ethers of alkylene glycols such as glycols, trimethylolpropane, ethylene oxide (EO) adducts of bisphenol A, Glycidyl esters of hexa hydro phthalic acid, glycidyl esters such as diglycidyl ester of dimer acid and the like. Furthermore, alicyclic epoxy compounds such as 3,4-epoxycyclohexanemethyl-3 ′, 4′-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, 1,4-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethoxy) methyl] benzene, 3- Oxetane compounds such as ethyl-3- (hydroxymethyl) -oxetane, vinyl ether compounds such as diethylene glycol divinyl ether, trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether, and the like can also be used.

The photopolymerizable compound is not limited to those described above. In order to cause a sufficient difference in refractive index, fluorine atoms (F) may be introduced into the photopolymerizable compound in order to reduce the refractive index, and in order to increase the refractive index. , Sulfur atoms (S), bromine atoms (Br), and various metal atoms may be introduced. In order to increase the refractive index in each of the scattering layers 181 to 183, a super-refractive index metal oxide such as titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ ), tin oxide (SnO _x ) or the like is used. It is also effective to add to the photopolymerizable compound functional ultrafine particles in which photopolymerizable functional groups such as acrylic groups and epoxy groups are introduced on the surface of the fine particles.

  Examples of the photoinitiator capable of polymerizing the radical polymerizable compound include, for example, benzophenone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, benzoin isopropyl ether, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, benzyldimethyl ketal, 2,2-dimethoxy- 1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl]- 2-morpholinopropanone-1,1- [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -phenyl] -2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -bis (2 , 6-Difluoro-3- (pyr-1-yl) titanium, 2-benzyl-2-di Chiruamino -1- (4-morpholinophenyl) - butanone -1,2,4,6- trimethyl benzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, and the like.

The photoinitiator capable of polymerizing the cationic polymerizable compound is a compound that generates an acid by light irradiation and can polymerize the cationic polymerizable compound with the generated acid. Onium salts and metallocene complexes are preferably used. As the onium salt, a diazonium salt, a sulfonium salt, an iodonium salt, a phosphonium salt, a selenium salt, or the like is used. Tetrafluoroborate ion (BF ₄ ⁻ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF ₆ ) are used as these counter ions. ^-), hexafluoroarsenate ion (AsF ₆ ^-), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF ₆ ^-) anion and the like are used. As photoinitiators of cationic polymerizable compounds, triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, (4-methoxyphenyl) phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, bis (4-t-butylphenyl) iodonium hexa Fluorophosphate, (η5-isopropylbenzene) (η5-cyclopentadienyl) iron (II) hexafluorophosphate, and the like.

  The photoinitiator is preferably blended in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the photopolymerizable compound. If the photoinitiator is less than 0.01 part by weight, the photocurability may be reduced, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, only the surface may be cured and the internal curability may be reduced. It is. The photoinitiator is preferably blended in an amount of 0.1 to 7 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the photopolymerizable compound. More preferably.

  Examples of the polymer resin having no photopolymerization in the form (C) include acrylic resins, styrene resins, styrene-acrylic copolymers, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, cellulose resins, vinyl acetate resins, And vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral resin, and the like. These polymer resins must have sufficient compatibility with the photopolymerizable compound before photopolymerization. In order to ensure such compatibility, various organic solvents and plastics are required. It is also possible to use an agent or the like. In addition, when using an acrylate as a photopolymerizable compound, it is preferable that polymer resin is selected from an acrylic resin from a compatible viewpoint.

  The method for curing the composition is not particularly limited. For example, a method of providing the composition in a sheet form on a substrate and irradiating it with a parallel light beam (ultraviolet light or the like) from a predetermined direction can be mentioned. As a result, the high refractive index region 18H having the shape shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B can be formed.

  As a method of providing the composition in a sheet form on the substrate, a normal coating method (coating) or printing method can be used. Specifically, air doctor coating, bar coating, blade coating, knife coating, reverse roll coating, transfer roll coating, gravure roll coating, kiss roll coating, cast coating, spray coating, slot orifice coating, calendar coating, dam coating, Coating methods such as dip coating and die coating, intaglio printing such as gravure printing, and printing methods such as stencil printing such as screen printing can be used. Moreover, when the viscosity of the said composition is low, the structure of providing predetermined structure around the base | substrate and apply | coating a liquid composition to the area | region enclosed with this structure can also be used.

  As a light source used for irradiating the parallel light (ultraviolet rays or the like), a short arc ultraviolet lamp is usually used. Specifically, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a metahalide lamp, a xenon lamp, or the like is used. Can do. The device used for irradiating parallel rays (ultraviolet rays, etc.) from a predetermined direction is not particularly limited, but can irradiate parallel ultraviolet rays of uniform intensity over a certain area, and can be selected from commercially available devices. Therefore, it is preferable to use an exposure apparatus for resist exposure. In the case of forming a scattering layer having a small size, it is also possible to use a method of irradiating from a sufficiently long distance using an ultraviolet spot light source as a point light source.

The parallel rays irradiated to the sheet of the composition must include a wavelength capable of polymerizing and curing the photopolymerizable compound, and is usually a wavelength centered at 365 nm of a mercury lamp. Are used. When forming a scattering layer with light in this wavelength band, illuminance, 0.01 mW / cm ² or more and 100 mW / cm ² or less. If the illuminance is less than 0.01 mW / cm ² , it takes a long time to cure, which may deteriorate the production efficiency. If the illuminance exceeds 100 mW / cm ² , the photopolymerizable compound is cured too quickly to form a structure. This is because there is a possibility that desired anisotropic scattering characteristics cannot be expressed. The illuminance is more preferably 0.1 mW / cm ² or more and 20 mW / cm ² or less.

  Next, the operation and effect of the display device (organic EL display device 1) of the present embodiment will be described in detail in comparison with a comparative example.

  In the organic EL display device 1, a drive current is supplied between the first electrode 161 and the second electrode 166 in the organic EL elements in the light emitting units 16R, 16G, and 16B by a drive signal supplied from a pixel drive circuit (not shown). By flowing, holes and electrons recombine, and light emission occurs in the light emitting layer 165. The light from the light emitting layer 165 passes through the second electrode 16, the protective layer 13, the sealing layer 14, the color filter layers 17R, 17G, and 17B, and the counter substrate 15, and is extracted outside the display device. Thereby, video display based on the drive signal is performed.

  At this time, since each light emitting section 16R, 16G, 16B has a resonator structure as shown in FIG. 2, the light emitted from each light emitting section 16R, 16G, 16B is, for example, as shown in FIG. An angle-dependent light distribution characteristic is exhibited. As a result, the viewing angle dependency of the luminance increases. In this case, for example, the luminance when the viewing angle is 45 ° is reduced to about 40% of the front luminance (luminance when the viewing angle is 0 °). Will end up.

  Here, for example, in the conventional organic EL display device according to Comparative Example 1 shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, in order to suppress the viewing angle dependency of luminance due to the above-described angle-dependent light distribution characteristic, a diffusion plate is used. 108 is provided. In the diffusion plate 108, high refractive index regions 108H forming true spherical beads are randomly arranged in the low refractive index region 108L. In such a diffusing plate 108, the incident light from the surface light source 106 is either in the ZX cross section (thickness direction) shown in FIG. 7A or in the XY plane shown in FIG. 7B. In the direction as well, like the light rays L101 and L102 in the figure, the lens effect due to the difference in refractive index is received in a multiple manner, so that it is scattered. As a result, blurring and blurring of the display image and a decrease in luminance occur due to the scattering action, and the display image quality deteriorates.

  On the other hand, in the conventional organic EL display device according to Comparative Example 2 shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, for example, anisotropy is used to suppress the viewing angle dependency of luminance due to the angle-dependent light distribution characteristic. A scattering film 208 is provided. In this anisotropic scattering film 208, as shown in FIG. 8B, a low refractive index region 208L and a high refractive index region 208H are formed in the in-plane direction of the film (direction in the XY plane). Has been. The high refractive index region 208H is arranged in a matrix within the low refractive index region 20L, and has an inclination angle α201 with respect to the thickness direction (Z direction) as shown in FIG. 8A, for example. It has a cylindrical shape. In such an anisotropic scattering film 208, due to the difference in refractive index in the in-plane direction, a scattering action due to multiple total reflection within the high refractive index region 208 (see light beam L201 in the figure) and a transmission action (in the figure). The light beam L202) and angle selectivity. That is, in addition to the scattering effect by multiple reflection similar to the diffusion plate 108 according to the comparative example 1, a new scattering effect is generated by the lens effect in the cylindrical high refractive index region 208H in the in-plane direction of the film. However, also in such an anisotropic scattering film 208, as in the case of the diffusion plate 108 according to Comparative Example 1, in the in-plane direction of the film, a strong pixel blurring effect and a luminance decrease due to the diffusing action occur (see FIG. The display image quality is also deteriorated.

  Therefore, in the organic EL display device 1 of the present embodiment, for example, the anisotropic scattering film 18 including the scattering layers 181 to 183 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B is provided. Specifically, in the anisotropic scattering film 18, a plurality of high refractive index regions in which the region in the film in-plane direction (direction in the XY plane) is a quadrangular prism shape inclined from the thickness direction (Z direction). 18H and the low-refractive index region 18L are configured to perform different actions depending on the incident direction of incident light. That is, the incident light (for example, the light ray L1 in the figure) from the inclination direction of the square columnar high refractive index region 18H is multiple-reflected in the high refractive index region 18H and selectively scattered in the inclination direction. Become light. In addition, incident light (for example, a light ray L2 in the figure) from a direction other than the inclination direction passes through the high refractive index region 18H and becomes display light. At this time, the high refractive index region 18H has a quadrangular prism shape, and one side (here, one side in the X direction) of the rectangular cross section is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the surface light source 160. Unlike diffuser plate 108 (high refractive index region 108H and anisotropic scattering film 208 according to comparative example 2 (high refractive index region 208H is cylindrical)), incident light from a direction other than the tilt direction (for example, in the figure) The light beam L2) is not scattered in the high refractive index region 18H and is emitted while maintaining the incident angle (for example, the incident angle θ in the figure), that is, it does not pass through a curved surface like a cross section of a bead or a cylinder. Therefore, the lens effect does not occur in the in-plane direction of the film, and the incident angle θ of the incident light is maintained, so that the display image is not blurred and the luminance reduction is suppressed.

  In addition, as described above, such an effect occurs when one side of the rectangular cross section in the quadrangular columnar high refractive index region 18H is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the surface light source 160. Therefore, for example, as in the anisotropic scattering film 308 shown in FIG. 9, when one side of the rectangular cross section in the high-refractive index region 18H having a quadrangular prism shape is inclined with respect to the light emitting surface of the surface light source 160, As in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a lens effect occurs in the film in-plane direction (direction in the XY plane) (see light rays L301 and L302 in the figure).

  Here, FIGS. 10A and 10B show examples of light distribution characteristics when the scattering layers 181 to 183 shown in FIG. 3 are provided in the organic EL display device 1 with a single layer structure. is there. In these figures, “± 15”, “05-35”, “15-45”, and “25-55” represent the range of the inclination angle α in the scattering layer, and so on. According to the visual field dependence of the relative luminance shown in FIG. 10B, when the scattering layers 181 to 183 are not provided according to the magnitude of the inclination angle α of the high-refractive index region 18H having a quadrangular column shape (organic It can be seen that there is an angle region in which the relative luminance is improved as compared with the original light distribution characteristic of the EL element. This indicates that the luminance viewing angle characteristic can be improved by using a haze characteristic scattering layer as shown in FIG. 5, for example. Further, according to the visual field dependence of absolute luminance shown in FIG. 10A, the decrease in front luminance is about 9%, for example, when a conventional diffuser plate or scattering plate (Comparative Example 1) is used ( It can be seen that the decrease in front luminance is significantly suppressed as compared to about 50%).

  However, at this time, for example, as indicated by reference numeral P1 in FIG. 11, the luminance viewing angle is on the lower angle side of the angle region where the luminance viewing angle characteristics are improved due to scattering in the thickness direction of the film. It can be seen that there is an angular region (concave portion) where the characteristics are degraded. When such a concave portion is generated, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, for example, an observation is performed depending on the angle of view of the display area (for example, the angle of view θ1 when the observer is at the point P10). This means that a dark band occurs on the surface. When such a dark band occurs, it becomes a serious defect in display image quality.

  Therefore, in the organic EL display device 1 of the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, the scattering layer (for example, the scattering layer that scatters at a lower angle than the concave portion P11 in the scattering layer showing the light distribution characteristic G11). It is preferable to eliminate the concave portion P11 of the scattering layer by overlapping the convex portion P12 of the light distribution characteristic G12 in the drawing. In this manner, a plurality of scattering layers are stacked and combined (specifically, as the inclination angle α in each scattering layer becomes from the light emitting surface side of the surface light source 160 to the observation surface side of the organic EL display device 1). This is because the unevenness in the viewing angle characteristics of the luminance in each scattering layer can be offset or alleviated by setting such that the angle gradually increases such as low angle → intermediate angle → high angle).

  Specifically, for example, in each scattering layer including the inclination angle α, the convex portion angle (convex angle), the concave portion angle (concave angle), and the number of layers shown in Table 1, the arrangement as shown in FIG. The optical characteristics G21-G23 are shown. Further, when the scattering layers are laminated from the low angle side, for example, the viewing angle characteristics of luminance as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B are exhibited. In these figures, “(± 25) & (05-35) * 2 & (15-45) * 2” means a scattering layer having an inclination angle α = about ± 25 and an inclination angle α = about 5 ° to 35 °. And two scattering layers having an inclination angle α of about 15 ° to 45 ° are stacked. Specifically, although there is a slight deviation in the unevenness of brightness at the time of lamination, it does not change smoothly, but the unevenness that occurred in each scattering layer alone is almost eliminated, and dark bands are not observed It was. Further, according to the viewing angle dependency of the absolute luminance shown in FIG. 15A, the decrease in front luminance is increased by about 12% as compared with the case of each scattering layer alone due to the multilayered scattering layer. However, it can be seen that the decrease in front luminance is suppressed to a lower level than when a conventional diffusion plate or the like is used (the decrease in front luminance is about 50%). Further, according to the viewing angle dependency of the relative luminance shown in FIG. 15B, the luminance at a viewing angle of 45 ° is improved by about 30% compared to the case where the anisotropic scattering film 18 is not provided. I understand that. Further, for example, according to the viewing angle dependence of the chromaticity shift shown in FIG. 16, the amount of chromaticity shift is reduced by the scattering action of the anisotropic scattering film 18 compared to the case where the anisotropic scattering film 18 is not provided. It turns out that it has decreased to about 1/4.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, in the anisotropic scattering film 18, the region in the in-plane direction (the direction in the XY plane) is a plurality of high-profiles that are square pillars inclined from the thickness direction (Z direction). Since the refractive index region 18H and the low refractive index region 18L are configured, the scattered display light can be selectively emitted according to the inclination direction of the square columnar high refractive index region 18H. In addition, since one side (one side in the X direction) of the rectangular cross section in the high-refractive index region 18H in the quadrangular column shape is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the surface light source 160, incident light from a direction other than the tilt direction is scattered. Therefore, it is possible to emit light while maintaining the incident angle θ, and it is possible to reduce the light amount loss of incident light and to suppress the blur of the display image due to scattering as compared with the conventional case. Therefore, it is possible to improve the display image quality as compared with the related art while simultaneously suppressing the decrease in luminance in the front direction and improving the viewing angle characteristics (viewing angle characteristics of luminance and chromaticity shift).

  Moreover, since the brightness | luminance fall of a front direction can be suppressed, it becomes possible to reduce the power consumption of the organic EL display device 1 and the current density rise, and to suppress the deterioration of the organic EL element and the like, thereby extending the life. Is possible.

  In addition, the anisotropic scattering film 18 is composed of a plurality of stacked scattering layers 181 to 183, and the inclination angle α in the high-refractive-index region 18H having a quadrangular prism shape is different for each scattering layer (specifically, The inclination angle α in the high-refractive-index region 18H in the rectangular columnar shape is gradually increased from the light emitting surface side to the observation surface side), so that the unevenness in the luminance viewing angle characteristics in each scattering layer Can be offset or relaxed.

  Hereinafter, some modified examples of the present invention will be described. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same thing as the component in the said embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

[Modification 1]
17A and 17B show a cross-sectional configuration of an anisotropic scattering layer (anisotropic scattering film 18A) according to Modification 1. This anisotropic scattering film 18A is obtained by applying the viewing angle improving method described in the above embodiment not only to the longitudinal direction (X direction) but also to the vertical direction (Y direction) of the display device. It has a structure of 4 layers × 3 = 12 layers. Specifically, in the low-angle scattering layers 181A to 181D, the inclination angle α is low, in the intermediate scattering layers 182A to 182D, the inclination angle α is intermediate, and in the high-angle scattering layers 183A to 183D, the inclination angle α is It is a high angle. Further, the inclination direction in the low angle scattering layer 181A, the intermediate scattering layer 182A, and the high angle scattering layer 183A is, for example, the direction of the arrow Pa (+ X direction) in FIG. 17B, and the low angle scattering layer 181B, intermediate The inclination direction in the scattering layer 182B and the high angle scattering layer 183B is, for example, the direction of the arrow Pb (−X direction) in FIG. 17B, and the low angle scattering layer 181C, the intermediate scattering layer 182C, and the high angle scattering layer 183C. The inclination direction in FIG. 17B is, for example, the direction of the arrow Pc in FIG. 17B (+ Y direction), and the inclination directions in the low angle scattering layer 181D, intermediate scattering layer 182D, and high angle scattering layer 183D are, for example, FIG. B) The direction of the arrow Pd in the middle (-Y direction). Further, such an inclination angle α is set so as to gradually increase from the light emitting surface side of the surface light source 160 to the observation surface side of the organic EL display device 1 in the order of low angle → intermediate angle → high angle. ing.

  Thus, in the anisotropic scattering film 18A of this modification, the viewing angle improvement method described in the above embodiment is applied not only to the longitudinal direction (X direction) but also to the vertical direction (Y direction) of the display device. Therefore, the viewing angle can be improved in the up / down / left / right directions (+ X direction, -X direction, + Y direction, and -Y direction).

[Modification 2]
FIG. 18 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of an anisotropic scattering layer (anisotropic scattering film 18B) according to Modification 2. In this anisotropic scattering film 18B, the support part holding the laminated structure is an AR support part 180B subjected to an AR (antireflection) process.

  Thus, in the anisotropic scattering film 18B of this modification, since the AR support portion 180B is used as the support portion in the anisotropic scattering film 18B, it is not necessary to prepare an AR film separately. Therefore, it is possible to reduce costs by eliminating the need for regular reflection from the surface and additional AR processing.

[Modification 3]
FIG. 19 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (organic EL display device 1C) according to Modification 3. In this organic EL display device 1 </ b> C, the anisotropic scattering film 18 </ b> C is disposed in the vicinity of the light emitting surface, specifically, between the protective layer 13 and the sealing layer 14.

  In this way, in the organic EL display device 1C of the present modification, the anisotropic scattering film 18C is arranged in the vicinity of the light emitting surface, so even if the anisotropic scattering film 18C has a multilayer structure, It is possible to minimize blurring of the display image.

[Modification 4]
FIG. 20 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (organic EL display device 1D) according to Modification 4. In the organic EL display device 1D, a reflecting mirror 19 for improving light extraction efficiency is provided on the observation surface side of each light emitting section 16R, 16G, 16B (organic EL element). And by such a reflective mirror 19, the incident light from each light emission part 16R, 16G, 16B to the anisotropic scattering film 18 shows an angle-dependent light distribution characteristic.

  As described above, in the organic EL display device 1D of the present modification, the reflecting mirror 19 for improving the light extraction efficiency and the anisotropy are provided on the observation surface side of each light emitting portion 16R, 16G, 16B (organic EL element). Since the scattering film 18 is provided, the same effect can be obtained by the same operation as in the above embodiment.

[Modification 5]
FIG. 21 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (liquid crystal display device 2) according to Modification 5. In this modification, an anisotropic scattering film is provided in a liquid crystal display device instead of the organic EL display device described so far. In the liquid crystal display device 2, the light emitting element includes the backlight 20 and the liquid crystal element.

  The liquid crystal element includes a pair of transparent substrates (the driving substrate 11 and the counter substrate 15), a liquid crystal layer 22 filled between the pair of transparent substrates, and a pair of polarizing plates 211 arranged on the transparent substrate. 212, a pixel electrode 261 on the driving substrate 11 side, and a counter electrode 262 on the counter electrode 15 side. The anisotropic scattering film 18 is arranged on the observation surface side with respect to the polarizing plate 212 on the observation surface side. However, the arrangement position of the anisotropic scattering film 18 is not limited to this position.

  Thus, in the liquid crystal display device 2 of this modification, since the anisotropic scattering film 18 is provided in the liquid crystal display device 2, it is possible to obtain the same effect by the same operation as the above embodiment. Become.

  Further, since the anisotropic scattering film 18 is arranged on the observation surface side with respect to the polarizing plate 212 on the observation surface side, it is possible to suppress a decrease in contrast compared to the case where the anisotropic scattering film 18 is arranged on the light emitting surface side. .

(Application example)
Next, with reference to FIGS. 22 to 26, application examples of the display device described in the above embodiment and modifications will be described. A display device such as the above embodiment is a television device, a digital camera, a notebook personal computer, a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone, or a video camera, such as an externally input video signal or an internally generated video signal. The present invention can be applied to electronic devices in various fields that display images or videos.

(Application example 1)
FIG. 22 illustrates an appearance of a television device to which the display device of the above-described embodiment or the like is applied. This television apparatus has, for example, a video display screen unit 510 including a front panel 511 and a filter glass 512, and the video display screen unit 510 is configured by the display device according to the above-described embodiment and the like. .

(Application example 2)
FIG. 23 shows the appearance of a digital camera to which the display device of the above-described embodiment or the like is applied. The digital camera includes, for example, a flash light emitting unit 521, a display unit 522, a menu switch 523, and a shutter button 524, and the display unit 522 is configured by the display device according to the above-described embodiment and the like. Yes.

(Application example 3)
FIG. 24 illustrates an appearance of a notebook personal computer to which the display device of the above-described embodiment or the like is applied. This notebook personal computer has, for example, a main body 531, a keyboard 532 for inputting characters and the like, and a display unit 533 for displaying an image. The display unit 533 is a display according to the above-described embodiment and the like. It is comprised by the apparatus.

(Application example 4)
FIG. 25 shows the appearance of a video camera to which the display device of the above-described embodiment or the like is applied. The video camera includes, for example, a main body 541, a subject photographing lens 542 provided on the front side surface of the main body 541, a start / stop switch 543 at the time of photographing, and a display 544. Reference numeral 544 denotes a display device according to the above-described embodiment and the like.

(Application example 5)
FIG. 26 shows an appearance of a mobile phone to which the display device of the above-described embodiment or the like is applied. For example, this mobile phone is obtained by connecting an upper housing 710 and a lower housing 720 with a connecting portion (hinge portion) 730, and includes a display 740, a sub-display 750, a picture light 760, and a camera 770. Yes. The display 740 or the sub-display 750 is configured by the display device according to the above-described embodiment or the like.

  While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, modifications, and application examples, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and the like, and various modifications are possible.

  For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the anisotropic scattering film is configured by a multilayer structure including a plurality of stacked scattering layers has been described. However, the anisotropic scattering film is configured by a single scattering layer. You may be made to do. In this case, the quadrangular prism-shaped high refractive index region 18H may have a plurality of different inclination angles α within a single scattering layer.

  The arrangement position of the anisotropic scattering film is not limited to the position described in the above embodiment, and can be arranged at an arbitrary position on the observation surface side of the light emitting element.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the rectangular columnar high refractive index regions 18H are arranged in a matrix in the low refractive index region 18L has been described. For example, the rectangular columnar high refractive index regions 18H are You may make it arrange | position at random within the low refractive index area | region 18L.

  Further, the inclination direction and the number of layers of the high refractive index region 18H in each scattering layer of the anisotropic scattering film are not limited to those described in the above embodiment, and can be set to any inclination direction and number of layers. Is possible. For example, the structure may be a three-layer structure with different inclination directions by 120 degrees × three types of scattering angles = 9 layers.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, as an example of the display apparatus provided with the light emitting element, the organic EL display apparatus 1, 1C, 1D provided with the organic EL element in the light emission part 16R, 16G, 16B, and the liquid crystal provided with the liquid crystal element The display device 2 has been described as an example, but the present invention may be applied to other display devices such as an inorganic EL display device including an inorganic EL element as a light emitting element and an FED (Field Emission Display). It is possible to apply.

It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing showing the detailed structure of the light emission part shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing and the top view showing the detailed structure of the anisotropic scattering film shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the detailed structure and effect | action of an anisotropic scattering film shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view showing an example of the haze characteristic in the square columnar hardening area | region shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view showing an example of the light distribution characteristic in the light emission part shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing showing the structure and effect | action of the conventional scattering film which concerns on the comparative example 1. It is sectional drawing showing the structure and effect | action of the conventional scattering film which concerns on the comparative example 2. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the structure and effect | action at the time of arranging the square columnar hardening area | region shown in FIG. 4 in inclination. It is a characteristic view showing an example of the light distribution characteristic in each scattering layer shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating an example of the recessed part produced in the light distribution characteristic of a scattering layer. It is sectional drawing and a top view showing an example of the dark belt produced by the recessed part in the light distribution characteristic shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating the principle of the generation | occurrence | production prevention method of the dark belt shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view showing an example of the light distribution characteristic of each scattering layer used for generation | occurrence | production prevention of the dark band shown in FIG. FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an example of viewing angle luminance characteristics of the display device when the scattering layers illustrated in FIG. 14 are combined. FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an example of a viewing angle chromaticity shift characteristic of a display device when the scattering layers illustrated in FIG. 14 are combined. It is sectional drawing and the top view showing the structure of the anisotropic scattering film which concerns on the modification 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the anisotropic scattering film which concerns on the modification 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the modification 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the modification 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the modification 5 of this invention. It is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the application example 1 of the display apparatus of this invention. (A) is a perspective view showing the external appearance seen from the front side of the application example 2, (B) is a perspective view showing the external appearance seen from the back side. 12 is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of application example 3. FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of application example 4. FIG. (A) is a front view of the application example 5 in an open state, (B) is a side view thereof, (C) is a front view in a closed state, (D) is a left side view, and (E) is a right side view, (F) is a top view and (G) is a bottom view.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A-1D ... Organic EL display apparatus, 10R, 10G, 10B ... Pixel, 11 ... Substrate for driving, 12 ... Insulating layer, 12-1 ... Opening, 13 ... Protective layer, 14 ... Sealing layer, 15 ... Counter substrate, 16R, 16G, 16B ... light emitting portion, 160 ... surface light source, 161 ... first electrode, 162 ... hole injection layer, 163 ... hole transport layer, 164 ... light emitting layer, 165 ... electron transport layer, 166 ... Second electrode, 17R, 17G, 17B ... Color filter layer, 18, 18A-18C ... Anisotropic scattering film, 18L ... Low refractive index region, 18H ... High refractive index layer (square columnar cured region), 180 ... Supporting part , 180B ... AR support, 181A-181D ... low angle scattering layer, 182A-182D ... intermediate scattering layer, 183A-183D ... high angle scattering layer, 19 ... reflecting mirror, 2 ... liquid crystal display device, 211,212 ... polarizing plate, 22 ... Liquid crystal layer 261, 262 ... Pixel electrodes, 510 ... Video display screen part, 511 ... Front panel, 512 ... Filter glass, 521 ... Light emitting part, 522 ... Display part, 523 ... Menu switch, 524 ... Shutter button, 531 ... Main body, 532 ... Keyboard, 533 ... display unit, 541 ... main body unit, 542 ... lens, 543 ... start / stop switch, 544 ... display unit, 710 ... upper casing, 720 ... lower casing, 730 ... connecting section, 740 ... display, 750 ... sub-display, 760 ... picture light, 770 ... camera, BM ... black matrix layer, .alpha .... inclination angle, .theta .... incident angle (exit angle), L1-L2 ... light, Lout ... display light (exit light).

Claims (13)

A light emitting device disposed in each pixel;
An anisotropic scattering layer disposed on the observation surface side of the light-emitting element and for scattering incident light from the light-emitting element having an angle-dependent light distribution characteristic;
In the anisotropic scattering layer, the in-plane direction region is composed of a plurality of high refractive index regions and a low refractive index region having a lower refractive index than these high refractive index regions,
The high refractive index region has a quadrangular prism shape inclined from the thickness direction, and one side of a rectangular cross section in the quadrangular columnar high refractive index region is substantially parallel to a light emitting surface of the light emitting element. The anisotropic scattering layer is constituted by a single scattering layer;
The display device according to claim 1, wherein the square columnar high refractive index region has a plurality of inclination angles different from each other in the single scattering layer. The anisotropic scattering layer is composed of a plurality of stacked scattering layers,
The display device according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle in the square columnar high refractive index region is different for each of the plurality of scattering layers. The display device according to claim 3, wherein an inclination angle in the quadrangular columnar high refractive index region is set to gradually increase from the light emitting surface side to the observation surface side. The display device according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle in the square columnar high refractive index region is set to be equal to or less than a critical angle of the incident light. The plurality of high refractive index regions are arranged in a matrix in the in-plane direction of the anisotropic scattering layer, and the low refractive index regions are arranged in gaps between the high refractive index regions. The display device described in 1. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic scattering layer is disposed in the vicinity of the light emitting surface. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting element is an organic EL element, and is configured as an organic EL display device. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the organic EL element has a resonator structure. The display device according to claim 8, wherein a reflecting mirror is provided on the observation surface side of the organic EL element. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting element includes a light source and a liquid crystal element, and is configured as a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal element includes a pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal layer filled between the pair of transparent substrates, and a pair of polarizing plates disposed on the transparent substrate,
The display device according to claim 11, wherein the anisotropic scattering layer is disposed closer to an observation surface than a polarizing plate on the observation surface side of the pair of polarizing plates. A display device having a display function;
The display device
A light emitting device disposed in each pixel;
An anisotropic scattering layer for scattering incident light from the light emitting element, which is disposed on the observation surface side of the light emitting element and has an angle-dependent light distribution characteristic;
In the anisotropic scattering layer, the in-plane direction region is composed of a plurality of high refractive index regions and a low refractive index region having a lower refractive index than these high refractive index regions,
The electronic device, wherein the high refractive index region has a quadrangular prism shape inclined from a thickness direction, and one side of a rectangular cross section in the quadrangular columnar high refractive index region is substantially parallel to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element.

Images