JP2009249320A - Obesity- and diabetes-ameliorating agent - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an obesity- and diabetes-ameliorating agent that exhibits a blood leptin level-increasing action and a blood sugar level-lowering action, where leptin is a factor of a disease such as insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia, and is derived from daily ingested safe foodstuff and therefore is ingestible in a shape of an ordinary meal, and to provide foods and drinks. <P>SOLUTION: Gnetum extracts (melinjo extracts), which prevent and/or ameliorate obesity acting as a trigger of diabetes, so-called the cause of all kinds of illness, by its blood leptin level-increasing action and blood sugar level-lowering action, are incorporated with an obesity and diabetes-ameliorating agent and foods and drinks as an effective ingredient thereof. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to an obesity and / or diabetes ameliorating agent and food having an effect of increasing blood leptin concentration and decreasing blood glucose level. In other words, by increasing the blood concentration of leptin, a peptide hormone that causes ingestion suppression and increased energy consumption, to reduce blood sugar levels, obesity triggers diabetes, which is said to cause all diseases, and The present invention relates to an agent for improving obesity / diabetes and / or food and drink for improvement.

The consumption of animal foods is increasing along with the westernization of foods, while the intake of vegetable foods is declining, so naturally the intake of polyphenols, which are responsible for the defense mechanism of plants, is also decreasing, such as diabetes Lifestyle-related diseases are increasing rapidly.

The basics of diabetes treatment are diet therapy, exercise therapy, and pharmacotherapy with hypoglycemic agents. Other diabetes treatment drugs include sulfonylurea drugs that promote insulin secretion from the pancreas and rapid-acting insulin secretion. Phenylalanine derivatives, α-glucosidase inhibitors with stimulating effects, suppression of sugar production in the liver, suppression of sugar absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, improvement of insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, improvement of insulin resistance There are thiazolidine derivatives and the like, but all of them need to be controlled by a doctor and sometimes cause side effects such as hypoglycemia and fever, diarrhea, vomiting and liver damage, so a relaxed and safer food is desired. As a health food, Gymnema sylvestre, which has an action of suppressing absorption of sugar in the small intestine, is known. However, when it is ingested, it does not feel sweet and cannot satisfy the preference for sweetness.

Leptin is a secretory protein that is specific to adipose tissue and is secreted by fat cells along with fat accumulation, its action mainly acts on the hypothalamic appetite center, and reduces body weight through the action of suppressing appetite and enhancing energy consumption. . Leptin deficiency is known to lead to abnormal sugar / lipid metabolism, leading to the development of insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia, which is improved by supplementation (Non-patent Document 1).

The present inventors paid attention to the fruit of Gnetum gnemon L. for the first time, and the gnetum food (patent document 1), gnetum extract (patent document 2), fermented food which has a long-lasting improvement and radical scavenging action as its use. (Patent Literature 3), Melinjo Tea (Patent Literature 4), health maintenance agent (Patent Literature 5) and immunostimulant (Patent Literature 6) are invented.

Gnetsum Gunemon is used only as a food (unpin; emping) in Indonesia where young leaves, flowers and immature fruits are used as vegetables, and after crushing the seeds and fried in oil, it has the functionality to actively utilize biological effects. Currently, it is not used for food.

Examples of physiological actions of plants belonging to the genus Gnetum family include hair nourishing action of Bimitou (scientific name: Gnetum montanum) (Patent Document 7), antibacterial action of resveratrol polymer contained in extracts obtained from roots of Gnetsum family (Patent document 8), collagen production promoting action, hyaluronic acid production promoting action, elastase inhibitory action, hyaluronidase inhibitory action (patent document 9) of gnetum extract is disclosed. The main useful components of gnetsum seeds are stilbenoids resveratrol dimer gnetin C, gnemonoside A, gnemonoside C and gnemonoside D, which are a kind of polyphenols, and have antibacterial and antioxidant effects (radical scavenging action). (Patent Document 2).

JP 2006-81405 A International Patent Application PCT / JP2005-016824 Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-196293 Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-159904 Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-177967 Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-215892 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-60450 JP 2005-23000 A JP 2006-169225 A Pharmacia, 40, 117 (2004)

In recent years, the number of people suffering from lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes has increased because Japanese people have been taking too much energy (calories) due to westernization of food. If the blood glucose level is high due to too much energy in a state where the blood leptin concentration is low, obesity occurs, followed by insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver, and hyperlipidemia. The present invention has an effect of increasing the blood concentration of leptin, which is a factor of such diseases, and an effect of decreasing the blood glucose level, and is derived from a safe food that is a regular diet and can be ingested while taking a normal dietary form. An object is to provide an agent for improving obesity / diabetes and food and drink.

As a result of continual research to solve the above problems as part of the use of gnetsum fruit, the present inventors have newly found that gnetsum extract (hereinafter referred to as “merinjo extract”) has a new effect of increasing blood leptin concentration and blood glucose level. The inventors have found that it has a lowering action and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention comprises a merinjo extract that prevents and / or improves the obesity as a trigger for all-cause diabetes due to the effect of increasing leptin concentration in blood and the effect of decreasing blood glucose level. The present invention relates to an agent for improving obesity / diabetes and food and drink.

According to the present invention, melinjo extract, which is abundant in Southeast Asia and is a regular diet, is safe and has antibacterial action, radical scavenging action, lipase inhibitory action, α-amylase inhibitory action and α-glucosidase inhibitory action, Th1 cytokine Since it has not only an effect of increasing IL-2 and IFN-γ production but also an effect of increasing blood leptin concentration and an effect of decreasing blood glucose level, by taking an obesity / diabetes-improving agent, visceral fat type obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, Prevention and improvement of fatty liver and hyperlipidemia are expected. In addition, ingesting foods and beverages containing melinjo extract having such actions to improve or prevent visceral fat obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia in daily life Can contribute.

Gnetsum referred to in the present invention is a plant belonging to the family Gnetum, among which Gnemon (also known as Melinjo, scientific name Gnetum gnemon L., English name Gnemon tree, Indonesian name Melinjo, Belinjo) is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, in Indonesia Young leaves, flowers, and fruits are eaten as vegetables, and the seeds are crushed and then dried, fried in oil (eating), and eaten. In the present invention, fruits, seeds, leaves and flowers which are edible parts are used. Roots can be mixed if necessary. The fruits and seeds to be used may be left as they are, whether they are immature or completely ripe, and the contents are peeled from the pericarp and seed coat, that is, embryos and endosperm (inner milk) are preferred, and both dried and undried (raw) are suitable. It may be crushed with a cutter or a crusher, or may be crushed with a crusher.

The melinjo extract referred to in the present invention refers to an extract obtained by solvent extraction of the above-treated material by a general method, and the extract in Patent Document 2 is suitable. Further, the above-mentioned gnetum of the present invention can be used as it is or mixed with an extract. Furthermore, the crushed inner milk remaining in Patent Document 2 and the unpin that has not been fried with oil can be used as well. The extract contains, as a main component, resveratrol dimer of two compounds of resveratrol belonging to stilbenoid, that is, gnetin C and its glycoside, gnemonoside A, gnemonoside C and gnemonoside D.

The obesity / diabetes-improving agent referred to in the present invention contains melinjo extract as a main component, and is mixed with any auxiliary, excipient, etc. to form a solid, or water or an organic solvent, etc., as appropriate. It has become. When the obesity / diabetes-improving agent of the present invention is used as an oral agent for the improvement or prevention of visceral fat type obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, etc., Depending on the purpose of use and the situation of the user (gender, age, body weight, degree of obesity, overall health, etc.), the daily dose is usually melinjo extract (as the amount of extract) in terms of 1 It can be taken in a range of ˜500 mg / kg body weight. Since the raw material Gnetsum is a regular diet, there is no problem even if it takes over 500 mg / kg body weight. The same applies to animals.

Leptin in the present invention is a peptide hormone that is biosynthesized and secreted by adipocytes, and binds to a leptin receptor mainly in the hypothalamus as a satiety factor to bring about an antifeedant action and an energy consumption-enhancing action, thereby reducing body weight. Demonstrate the effect.

The food and drink referred to in the present invention is a food or drink containing or blending melinjo extract as an active ingredient, and can be used as a food for specified health use, either as it is or with various ingredients used in conventional foods. Manufactured by. The food form can be any food form such as solid food, cream or jam-like semi-fluid food, gel food, beverage, etc., for example, formulations such as granules, tablets, capsules, drinks, etc. Soft drinks, juices, coffee, tea, liqueurs, milk, whey drinks, lactic acid bacteria drinks, yogurt, candy, caramel, chewing gum, chocolate, gummy, ice cream, pudding, eggs Foods and drinks such as products, sheepskin, water sheepskin, rice cakes, rice cakes, dumplings, rice crackers, crepes, okonomiyaki, bread, cookies, noodles, hamburgers, water-dried products, tempura, fermented foods and the like.

If necessary, tomorrow leaves, sweet tea, candy tea leaves, aloe, ginkgo biloba leaves, oolong tea, turmeric, radish, sorghum, sorghum, plantain, plantain, chamomile, chamomile, karin, garcinia, kawahara decision, chrysanthemum, gardenia, mulberry, Wolfberry, laurel, tea, red bean cedar, comfrey, kelp, cherry, saffron, shiitake mushroom, perilla, ginger, ginger, cedar, swangi, budgerigar, sendangsa, assembly, buckwheat, tamarin degree, taranki, dandelion, chicory, tanaka, peanut , Elderberry, rodent, pearl barley, hub, pine needles, mate, barley tea, barley tea, eucalyptus, mugwort, rahan fruit, green tea, rooibos, ganoderma, galangal, gymnema, guava leaf, geno shoko, brown rice, burdock, dokudami, banaba, loquat leaves , So-called herbal medicine such as safflower Beauty may be added blended and their extracts.

If necessary, sugar alcohols such as erythritol, sorbitol, maltitol, and xylitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, dextrin, cyclodextrin, and the like can be mixed to mask bitterness and astringency.

When the food or drink of the present invention is used for the improvement or prevention of visceral fat type obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia, etc., considering the flavor and color tone of the food and drink, The blending amount of the melinjo extract is in the range of 0.01 to 90%, preferably 0.05 to 80% in terms of dry weight. According to the type of the food or drink of the present invention, sweeteners such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, sorbitol, stevioside, rubusoside, corn syrup, lactose, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, etc. Acidulant, L-ascorbic acid, dl-α-tocopherol, antioxidants such as sodium erythorbate, quality improvers such as glycerin and propylene glycol, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester , Emulsifiers such as propylene glycol fatty acid esters, gum arabic, carrageenan, casein, gelatin, pectin, agar and other pastes (thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent), vitamin B, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, etc. Strengthening agent Seasonings such as Amino Acids, calcium salts, colorants, leavening agents, flavoring agents, such as preservatives, what is used as a general food or drink material can be produced by appropriately blending.

In addition, various ingredients usually used in animal feeds are appropriately blended according to the purpose to form powders, granules, pastes, capsules, syrups, solids, gels, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, etc. Can be used as animal feed such as livestock feed, cat food, pet food such as dog food and rabbit food.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1 (Production of powder)
Gnemon dry inner milk 10 kg was pulverized with a pulverizer to obtain 9.7 kg of gnetum powder.

Implementation ceremony 2 (Manufacture of extracts)
A crushed product of 16.2 kg of dried gnemon fruit was immersed in 80 L of 50% ethanol for 2 days, and the extract was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain 1300 g of a meringo extract (yield 8%).

Example 3 (Blood leptin concentration and blood glucose level measurement)
The animals used were ICR mice acclimatized for 7 days (4 weeks old, male, Japanese Charles River), 6 animals per group, control group, melinjo extract 50 mg / kg group, merinjo extract obtained in Example 2 Divided into 6 groups: 100 mg / kg group, Melinjo extract 200 mg / kg group, clofibrate 100 mg / kg group as positive control, and clofibrate 200 mg / kg group. , Made by CLEA Japan, Inc.). Furthermore, the normal feed CRF-1 (manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) was given as a normal feed group and reared. Rearing was performed at 25 ± 2 to 3 ° C.

The sample for the meringo extract group was prepared by suspending the meringo extract in the above-mentioned dose so as to give a dose of 0.1 ml per 10 g body weight of the mouse and then suspending it in purified water. The sample for clofibrate group was similarly prepared by suspending clofibrate in corn oil. These specimens were forcibly orally administered once every two days with a mouse sonde for oral administration in total 8 times. After completion of administration, the mouse was collected from the heart under ether anesthesia (fasted 18 hours before blood collection), centrifuged to obtain serum, and stored at −80 ° C.

The blood glucose level was measured using Glucose CII-Test Wako (Mutarotase COD method, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and the leptin concentration was measured using a leptin measurement kit (manufactured by Morinaga Bioscience Institute).

As a result, the blood concentration of leptin slightly increased compared to the normal feed group by ingesting a high-calorie diet (control group), but increased to nearly 5-fold when clofibrate was administered at 200 mg / kg. Administration of the extract increased in a dose-dependent manner and quadrupled at 200 mg / kg (FIG. 1). As the leptin concentration increased, the blood glucose level decreased in a dose-dependent manner by administration of melinjo extract compared to the high level control group and decreased to 110 mg / dL at 200 mg / kg, whereas clofibrate 100 mg / kg On the contrary, the group increased (Fig. 2).

Example 4 (Manufacture of tablets)
500 g of Merinjo extract of Example 2, 500 g of dextrin (Max 1000, manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd.), 1000 g of lactose and 10 g of magnesium stearate were mixed, and this mixture was tableted with a single tableting machine, diameter 8 mm, weight 200 mg. Tablets (containing 50 mg of gnetsum extract) were produced.

Example 5 (candy)
A candy was prepared by blending 1 part of the meringo extract of Example 2, 280 parts of granulated sugar, 210 parts of starch syrup, 5 parts of citric acid, 1 part of perfume and 1 part of pigment. The candy was not bitter and tasted good.

Example 6 (juice)
1 part of Merinjo extract of Example 2, 25 parts of frozen and concentrated mandarin orange juice, 55 parts of fructose glucose liquid sugar, 1 part of citric acid, 0.1 part of L-ascorbic acid, 1 part of fragrance, 0.5 part of pigment and water A juice was prepared by blending 400 parts. This juice had no change in the flavor and color of tangerines.

Example 7 (chewing gum)
Chewing gum was produced by blending 1 part of the meringo extract of Example 2, 300 parts of chewing gum base, 800 parts of sucrose, 300 parts of starch syrup, softener 60, 13 parts of fragrance and 1 part of pigment. The chewing gum had no bitterness and the taste was good.

Example 8 (chocolate)
A chocolate was manufactured by blending 1 part of the meringo extract of Example 2, 220 parts of chocolate, 75 parts of sucrose, 100 parts of cacao butter and 100 parts of whole milk powder. The blended gnetum extract did not affect the flavor and color of the chocolate and was delicious.

Example 9 (cookies)
1 part of the powdered powder of Example 1, 2.3 parts of soft flour, 1.6 parts of whole egg, 1.9 parts of margarine, 2.5 parts of super white sugar, 0.02 parts of baking powder and 0.73 parts of water. Made cookies. This cookie had a good taste, no bitterness, and a good taste.

Example 10 (Okaki)
A pork was prepared by blending 1 part of the powder of Example 1 powder, 1 part of cocoon powder, 0.02 part of salt and 2 parts of water. The cooked rice was tasty and had a good taste.

Example 11 (crepe)
A crepe was prepared by blending 1 part of the powdered powder of Example 1, 0.4 part of flour, 0.2 part of whole egg, 0.2 part of milk, 0.01 part of salt, appropriate amount of vanilla essence and 1.2 part of water. did. The crepe had good flavor and taste.

Example 12 (solid dog food)
1 part of the powdered powder of Example 1, 1.9 parts of meat meal, 0.25 parts of chicken extract, 0.25 parts of vegetable oil and fat, 0.9 parts of carbohydrate, 0.025 part of calcium carbonate, 0.01 part of sodium chloride, composite A dog food was prepared by blending 0.05 part of a vitamin preparation and 0.5 part of water.

According to the present invention, the extract of Gnetsum, which is abundant in Southeast Asia and is a regular diet, has not only antibacterial activity, radical scavenging activity, lipase inhibitory activity, α-amylase inhibitory activity, increased IL-2 and INF-γ production, but also blood Since it has a leptin concentration increasing action and a blood sugar level reducing action, it can contribute as an obesity / diabetes mellitus improving agent to prevent or improve visceral fat type obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and the like. In addition, ingesting foods and beverages containing melinjo extract having such actions to improve or prevent visceral fat obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia in daily life Can contribute. Therefore, it is useful not only as a healthy person but also as a diet food or drink for fat people or a food or drink for diabetics. Further, the use of the obesity / diabetes-improving agent of the present invention as a feed is useful for preventing or improving visceral fat-type obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver and hyperlipidemia in animals such as pets and livestock. is there.

It is the figure which showed the blood leptin concentration raise effect | action of a meringo extract. (Example 3) It is the figure which showed the blood glucose level lowering effect of a meringo extract. (Example 3)

Explanation of symbols

In the figure, Normal represents a normal feed group, Control represents a special feed group, and CF represents a clofibrate administration group.

Claims (4)

An obesity / diabetes-improving agent comprising gnetsum extract as an active ingredient The obesity / diabetes mellitus improving agent according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient has a blood leptin concentration increasing action. 2. The obesity / diabetes mellitus improving agent according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient has a blood glucose level lowering action. A food or drink comprising an extract of gnetsum and having an effect of increasing blood leptin concentration and / or an effect of decreasing blood sugar level

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