JP2009242936A - 希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009242936A JP2009242936A JP2008232743A JP2008232743A JP2009242936A JP 2009242936 A JP2009242936 A JP 2009242936A JP 2008232743 A JP2008232743 A JP 2008232743A JP 2008232743 A JP2008232743 A JP 2008232743A JP 2009242936 A JP2009242936 A JP 2009242936A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- rare earth
- defect structure
- type magnetic
- permanent magnet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0579—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B with exchange spin coupling between hard and soft nanophases, e.g. nanocomposite spring magnets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/002—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
- B22F9/007—Transformation of amorphous into microcrystalline state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/047—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy comprising intermetallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/048—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by pulverising a quenched ribbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】希土類−鉄−ボロン型磁性相(R2Fe14B型磁性相)と、少なくとも欠陥構造2とを内部組織に有している。そして、前記欠陥構造が、前記R2Fe14B型磁性相に内包されている。R2Fe14B型磁性相に内包された欠陥構造により、R2Fe14B型磁性相の磁壁の移動を妨げて、保磁力を向上させる。
【選択図】図7
Description
比較例1:特許文献1(実施例3)
比較例2:市販のNd-Fe-B永久磁石合金粉末(MQP-C)のカタログ値
比較例3:Pr13.8FebalCo8.3Ti0.44B12.7Si0.65Y0.64の組成をもつ超急冷薄帯を600℃×5minで熱処理した結果
Claims (11)
- 母相をなす希土類−鉄−ボロン型磁性相(R2Fe14B型磁性相)と、欠陥構造とを少なくとも構成要素として有し、
前記欠陥構造が、前記母相に内包され、その主な構成要素を前記R2Fe14B相とし、且つ、磁気的性質が前記母相の磁気的性質に対し変調された部位を含むことを特徴とする希土類永久磁石合金。 - 前記部位が、元素の濃化により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の希土類永久磁石合金。
- 前記部位が、元素の濃化に起因する格子ひずみにより形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の希土類永久磁石合金。
- 前記欠陥構造が、夾雑物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の希土類永久磁石。
- 前記夾雑物が、前記欠陥構造を構成するR2Fe14B相の格子ひずみを成立させていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の希土類永久磁石合金。
- 前記欠陥構造が、過飽和固溶体を起源とする析出相を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の希土類永久磁石合金。
- 前記RがYを含む希土類元素であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の希土類永久磁石合金。
- R,Fe,Bに加えて、少なくとも一種以上の添加元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の希土類永久磁石合金。
- 母相をなす希土類−鉄−ボロン型磁性相(R2Fe14B型磁性相)に内包して、主な構成要素を前記R2Fe14B相とする欠陥構造を生成し、
欠陥構造の生成過程において、1回以上の時効処理を行うことにより、磁気的性質が母相の磁気的性質に対し変調された部位を含むように欠陥構造を形成することを特徴とする希土類永久磁石合金の製造方法。 - 前記時効処理として、少なくとも1回のアモルファス化処理と、前記アモルファス化処理に引き続いて前記母相の結晶化処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の希土類永久磁石合金の製造方法。
- 前記母相の結晶化処理により、前記欠陥構造を生成することを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の希土類永久磁石合金の製造方法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008232743A JP5555993B2 (ja) | 2007-09-10 | 2008-09-10 | 希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007234793 | 2007-09-10 | ||
JP2007234793 | 2007-09-10 | ||
JP2008066884 | 2008-03-14 | ||
JP2008066884 | 2008-03-14 | ||
JP2008232743A JP5555993B2 (ja) | 2007-09-10 | 2008-09-10 | 希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009242936A true JP2009242936A (ja) | 2009-10-22 |
JP5555993B2 JP5555993B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
Family
ID=40239647
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008232743A Expired - Fee Related JP5555993B2 (ja) | 2007-09-10 | 2008-09-10 | 希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090081071A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2043111A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5555993B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101447269B (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014104420A1 (de) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | Tdk Corporation | Seltenerdbasierter Magnet |
WO2016175332A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 希土類永久磁石および希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
JPWO2018123988A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-10-31 | 日立金属株式会社 | 希土類−遷移金属系強磁性合金 |
US10726980B2 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2020-07-28 | Tdk Corporation | Rare earth magnet |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9548157B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2017-01-17 | Tdk Corporation | Sintered magnet, motor, automobile, and method for producing sintered magnet |
US20170082503A1 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-23 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Temperature tags and methods of making and using the same |
US10748685B2 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-08-18 | Tdk Corporation | R-T-B based sintered magnet |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02149650A (ja) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-08 | Tokin Corp | 希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 |
JP2002343660A (ja) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-29 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 複数の強磁性相を有する永久磁石およびその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4952252A (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1990-08-28 | Union Oil Company Of California | Rare earth-iron-boron-permanent magnets |
US4954186A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1990-09-04 | Union Oil Company Of California | Rear earth-iron-boron permanent magnets containing aluminum |
US4981513A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1991-01-01 | Union Oil Company Of California | Mixed particulate composition for preparing rare earth-iron-boron sintered magnets |
US4834812A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1989-05-30 | Union Oil Company Of California | Method for producing polymer-bonded magnets from rare earth-iron-boron compositions |
US4919732A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-04-24 | Kubota Ltd. | Iron-neodymium-boron permanent magnet alloys which contain dispersed phases and have been prepared using a rapid solidification process |
EP0362812B1 (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1996-01-24 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Bonded isotropic R-Fe-B-magnet and method for making it |
US6332933B1 (en) * | 1997-10-22 | 2001-12-25 | Santoku Corporation | Iron-rare earth-boron-refractory metal magnetic nanocomposites |
US6511552B1 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2003-01-28 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Permanent magnets and R-TM-B based permanent magnets |
DE60131699T2 (de) * | 2000-06-13 | 2008-11-20 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Dauermagnetmaterialien auf R-Fe-B-Basis |
DE10296960T5 (de) * | 2001-06-22 | 2004-04-22 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Seltenerdmetall-Magnet und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
JP2004031781A (ja) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-29 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 希土類磁石およびその製造方法、ならびに希土類磁石を用いてなるモータ |
US20040079445A1 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-04-29 | Zhongmin Chen | High performance magnetic materials with low flux-aging loss |
AU2003291539A1 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-15 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Permanent magnet alloy with improved high temperature performance |
US6979409B2 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2005-12-27 | Magnequench, Inc. | Highly quenchable Fe-based rare earth materials for ferrite replacement |
JP4374962B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-28 | 2009-12-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 希土類磁石およびその製造方法、ならびに希土類磁石を用いてなるモータ |
WO2005023462A1 (ja) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-17 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | 希土類磁石粉末およびその製造方法 |
JP4525072B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-22 | 2010-08-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 希土類磁石およびその製造方法 |
JP4703987B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-23 | 2011-06-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 希土類磁石用合金薄帯、その製造方法、および希土類磁石用合金 |
US8012269B2 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2011-09-06 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnet material |
US20090129966A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2009-05-21 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Iron-based rare-earth-containing nanocomposite magnet and process for producing the same |
JP2007234793A (ja) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JP2008066884A (ja) | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Sony Corp | 電子機器 |
WO2008065903A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | R-Fe-B MICROCRYSTALLINE HIGH-DENSITY MAGNET AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF |
-
2008
- 2008-09-09 US US12/207,312 patent/US20090081071A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-09-09 EP EP08015866A patent/EP2043111A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-10 CN CN200810212878.6A patent/CN101447269B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-10 JP JP2008232743A patent/JP5555993B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02149650A (ja) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-08 | Tokin Corp | 希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 |
JP2002343660A (ja) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-29 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 複数の強磁性相を有する永久磁石およびその製造方法 |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014104420A1 (de) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | Tdk Corporation | Seltenerdbasierter Magnet |
JP2015135935A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2015-07-27 | Tdk株式会社 | 希土類磁石 |
US9548149B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2017-01-17 | Tdk Corporation | Rare earth based magnet |
US10726980B2 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2020-07-28 | Tdk Corporation | Rare earth magnet |
US10984929B2 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2021-04-20 | Tdk Corporation | Rare earth magnet |
US10991493B2 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2021-04-27 | Tdk Corporation | Rare earth magnet |
WO2016175332A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 希土類永久磁石および希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
JPWO2016175332A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社Ihi | 希土類永久磁石および希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
AU2016253743B2 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-12-20 | Ihi Corporation | Rare earth permanent magnet and method for producing rare earth permanent magnet |
JPWO2018123988A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-10-31 | 日立金属株式会社 | 希土類−遷移金属系強磁性合金 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2043111A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
CN101447269A (zh) | 2009-06-03 |
CN101447269B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
JP5555993B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
US20090081071A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5555993B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石合金及びその製造方法 | |
Pei et al. | Effects of Ce-substitution on magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd–Pr–Fe–B melt-spun powders | |
US9190196B2 (en) | Rare earth magnet and manufacturing method therefor | |
Ni et al. | Study on magnetic properties of Ce17Fe78− xZrxB6 (x= 0–2.0) alloys | |
Xu et al. | The formation mechanism of 1: 5H phase in Sm (Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) z melt-spun ribbons with high iron content | |
Meng et al. | Magnetostriction of a Fe83Ga17 single crystal slightly doped with Tb | |
Wu et al. | Magnetic properties and microstructures of α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite microalloyed with Zr | |
Jia et al. | Roadmap towards optimal magnetic properties in L10-MnAl permanent magnets | |
Yang et al. | Coercivity enhancement by low oxygen content graphene addition in hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets | |
Qin et al. | Multiphase microstructure and magnetic properties of high performance Nd-Fe-B ribbons with multielement addition | |
Bian et al. | Effect of multi-element addition of Alnico alloying elements on structure and magnetic properties of SmCo5-based ribbons | |
Rehman et al. | Evolution of microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and thermal stabilities of Isotropic Alnico Ribbons | |
Zhao et al. | High coercivity microcrystalline Nd-rich Nd–Fe–Co–Al–B bulk magnets prepared by direct copper mold casting | |
Wang et al. | Effects of B addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe-Co-Mo alloys | |
Lee et al. | Effects of Cu addition on magnetic properties and microstructures of annealed Zr–Co–Cu–B ribbons | |
Kong et al. | Effects of Cu and P on crystallization and magnetic properties of FeSiB alloy | |
Li et al. | Segmentation and Alignment of Nd 2 Fe 14 B Platelets in Nd-Cu Eutectic Alloys Using the Electromagnetic Vibration Technique | |
Chen et al. | Comparative study on the structure and magnetic properties of Sm10Co60Fe15 (Al, B) 15 amorphous-nanocrystalline ribbons | |
Sun et al. | An in-situ study of magnetic domain structures in undercooled Fe-29.5 at.% Pd magnetostrictive alloys by Lorentz microscopy and electron holography | |
Lee et al. | Microstructures and magnetic properties of annealed Zr–Co alloys | |
Sabbaghizadeh et al. | EFFECTS OF Co ADDITIONS ON NANOSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MELT-SPUN (Nd, Pr) 2 (Fe, Ti, C) 14B/Fe3B ALLOYS | |
Raja et al. | Enhancement of magnetic properties of Sm-Co nano composite ribbons by heavy lanthanide doping | |
Pan et al. | The third generation rare earth permanent magnet | |
Raja et al. | Magnetic properties of gadolinium and/or dysprosium substituted Sm–Co nanocomposite ribbons | |
Gu et al. | Magnetic properties and microstructure of Fe69. 5–xNd7B21Nb2. 5Gax (x= 0–1) alloys |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711 Effective date: 20110325 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20110325 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20110829 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130903 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20131030 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20140507 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20140520 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |