JP2009038256A - 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 - Google Patents
圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009038256A JP2009038256A JP2007202194A JP2007202194A JP2009038256A JP 2009038256 A JP2009038256 A JP 2009038256A JP 2007202194 A JP2007202194 A JP 2007202194A JP 2007202194 A JP2007202194 A JP 2007202194A JP 2009038256 A JP2009038256 A JP 2009038256A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- soft magnetic
- magnetic powder
- dust core
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/08—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
- H01F1/26—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated by macromolecular organic substances
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】本発明は、結合強化処理と称する高温での熱処理を付加せず、且つ、高密度に成形した場合にも、機械的強度に優れ、鉄基軟磁性粉末粒子間を効果的に絶縁することができ、さらに、歪取り焼鈍を行っても電気絶縁性を良好に維持できるような熱的安定性に優れた圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびこの粉末を用いた圧粉磁心を提供することを目的とする。
【解決手段】鉄基軟磁性粉末表面に、FeとCoより成る被膜と、リン酸系化成被膜と、シリコーン樹脂被膜とが、この順に形成されている。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明に係る圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末は、鉄基軟磁性粉末表面に、FeとCo(コバルト)より成る被膜と、リン酸系化成被膜と、シリコーン樹脂被膜とが、この順に形成されていることを特徴とする圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末である。これにより、結合強化処理と称する高温での熱処理を付加せず、且つ、高密度に成形した場合にも、機械的強度に優れ、鉄基軟磁性粉末粒子間を効果的に絶縁することができ、さらに、歪取り焼鈍を行っても電気絶縁性を良好に維持できるような熱的安定性に優れた圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末を実現できる。
意義である。また、予備硬化させることによって、得られる圧粉磁心の比抵抗が非常に向上することが見出されている。この理由は明確ではないが、硬化の際の軟磁性粉末との密着性が上がるためではないかと考えられる。
中、0.2質量%以上含有されていることが好ましい。しかし、潤滑剤量が多くなると、圧粉体の高密度化に反するため、0.8質量%以下にとどめることが好ましい。また、圧縮成形する際に、成形型内壁面に潤滑剤を塗布した後、成形するような場合(型潤滑成形)には、0.2質量%より少ない潤滑剤量でも構わない。
鉄基軟磁性粉末として純鉄粉(神戸製鋼所製;アトメル300NH;平均粒径80〜100μm)を用い、まずCoを主成分とする被膜を形成した。具体的には、水:1000部、Co3(PO4)230部を混合して、更に10倍に希釈した処理液200gを、目開き300μmの篩を通した純鉄粉1000gに添加して、V型混合機を用いて30分以上混合した後、大気中で30分乾燥し、目開き300μmの篩を通した。この条件で形成した被膜は、FeとCoより成り、その被膜の膜厚は7nmであった。
No.6〜10で用いた処理液…水:1000部、H3PO4:193部、MgO:31部、H3BO3:30部
No.11〜15で用いた処理液…水:1000部、H3PO4:193部、MgO:31部、H3BO3:30部、H3PWl2O40・nH20:150部
No.16〜20で用いた処理液…水:1000部、H3PO4:193部、MgO:31部、H3BO3:30部、SiO2・12WO3・26H20:150部
No.21〜25で用いた処理液…水:1000部、Na2HPO4:88.5部、H3PO4:181部、H2SO4:61部
No.26〜30で用いた処理液…水:1000部、H3PO4:193部、Co3(PO4)2:30部
No.31〜35で用いた処理液…水:1000部、H3PO4:193部、MgO:31部、H3BO3:30部、Co3(PO4)2:30部
No.36〜40で用いた処理液…水:1000部、H3PO4:193部、MgO:31部、H3BO3:30部、H3PWl2O40・nH20:150部、Co3(PO4)2:30部
No.41〜45で用いた処理液…水:1000部、H3PO4:193部、MgO:31部、H3BO3:30部、SiO2・12WO3・26H20:150部、Co3(PO4)2:30部
No.46〜50で用いた処理液…水:1000部、Na2HPO4:88.5部、H3PO4:181部、H2SO4:61部、Co3(PO4)2:30部
Claims (5)
- 鉄基軟磁性粉末表面に、FeとCoより成る被膜と、リン酸系化成被膜と、シリコーン樹脂被膜とが、この順に形成されていることを特徴とする圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末。
- 前記リン酸系化成被膜には、Coを含まないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末。
- 前記FeとCoより成る被膜の膜厚は、1〜10nmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末。
- 前記シリコーン樹脂被膜を形成するためのシリコーン樹脂は、三官能性のメチルシリコーン樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末を成形して得られた圧粉磁心。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007202194A JP4856602B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 |
US12/670,750 US8409707B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2008-07-02 | Iron-based soft magnetic powder for dust core and dust core |
PCT/JP2008/062018 WO2009013979A1 (ja) | 2007-07-26 | 2008-07-02 | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 |
CN2008801000497A CN101755313B (zh) | 2007-07-26 | 2008-07-02 | 压粉磁芯用铁基软磁性粉末和压粉磁芯 |
TW097127978A TWI406305B (zh) | 2007-07-26 | 2008-07-23 | Iron-based soft magnetic powder and dust core for powder core |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007202194A JP4856602B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009038256A true JP2009038256A (ja) | 2009-02-19 |
JP4856602B2 JP4856602B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 |
Family
ID=40439891
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007202194A Expired - Fee Related JP4856602B2 (ja) | 2007-07-26 | 2007-08-02 | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4856602B2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7047959B1 (ja) | 2021-03-31 | 2022-04-05 | Tdk株式会社 | 軟磁性合金および磁性部品。 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6501005B1 (ja) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-04-17 | Tdk株式会社 | 軟磁性合金および磁性部品 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63115309A (ja) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-19 | Tdk Corp | 磁性合金粉末 |
JP2002083709A (ja) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-22 | Tdk Corp | 圧粉磁芯 |
JP2002313621A (ja) * | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-25 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | シリコーン樹脂組成物、樹脂結合型金属成型部品 |
JP2003197416A (ja) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-07-11 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 圧粉磁心の製造方法、その方法で製造された圧粉磁心 |
JP2005133168A (ja) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 磁気特性に優れ、高強度および低鉄損を有する複合軟磁性材の製造方法 |
JP2006128663A (ja) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-05-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 軟磁性材料、圧粉磁心、および軟磁性材料の製造方法 |
JP2006233295A (ja) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-09-07 | Jfe Steel Kk | 圧粉磁心用の軟磁性金属粉末および圧粉磁心 |
JP2007123703A (ja) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Mitsubishi Materials Pmg Corp | Si酸化膜被覆軟磁性粉末 |
JP2008041961A (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Toshiba Corp | 絶縁性磁性金属粒子および絶縁性磁性材料の製造方法 |
JP2008063651A (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその製造方法ならびに圧粉磁心 |
-
2007
- 2007-08-02 JP JP2007202194A patent/JP4856602B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63115309A (ja) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-19 | Tdk Corp | 磁性合金粉末 |
JP2002083709A (ja) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-22 | Tdk Corp | 圧粉磁芯 |
JP2002313621A (ja) * | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-25 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | シリコーン樹脂組成物、樹脂結合型金属成型部品 |
JP2003197416A (ja) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-07-11 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 圧粉磁心の製造方法、その方法で製造された圧粉磁心 |
JP2005133168A (ja) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 磁気特性に優れ、高強度および低鉄損を有する複合軟磁性材の製造方法 |
JP2006128663A (ja) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-05-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 軟磁性材料、圧粉磁心、および軟磁性材料の製造方法 |
JP2006233295A (ja) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-09-07 | Jfe Steel Kk | 圧粉磁心用の軟磁性金属粉末および圧粉磁心 |
JP2007123703A (ja) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Mitsubishi Materials Pmg Corp | Si酸化膜被覆軟磁性粉末 |
JP2008041961A (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Toshiba Corp | 絶縁性磁性金属粒子および絶縁性磁性材料の製造方法 |
JP2008063651A (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその製造方法ならびに圧粉磁心 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7047959B1 (ja) | 2021-03-31 | 2022-04-05 | Tdk株式会社 | 軟磁性合金および磁性部品。 |
US20220328222A1 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-13 | Tdk Corporation | Soft magnetic alloy and magnetic component |
JP2022157041A (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-14 | Tdk株式会社 | 軟磁性合金および磁性部品。 |
US11791077B2 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2023-10-17 | Tdk Corporation | Soft magnetic alloy and magnetic component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4856602B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4044591B1 (ja) | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその製造方法ならびに圧粉磁心 | |
TWI406305B (zh) | Iron-based soft magnetic powder and dust core for powder core | |
JP5580725B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心の製造方法、および該製造方法によって得られた圧粉磁心 | |
JP2009228107A (ja) | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその製造方法ならびに圧粉磁心 | |
JP5022999B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心及びその製造方法 | |
JP5597512B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心の製造方法およびこの製造方法によって得られる圧粉磁心 | |
JP4723442B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心および圧粉磁心用の鉄基粉末 | |
JP5202382B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその製造方法、ならびに圧粉磁心 | |
KR101369109B1 (ko) | 압분자심의 제조 방법 및 그 제조 방법에 의해 얻어진 압분자심 | |
JP2007088156A (ja) | 軟磁性材料、圧粉磁心、軟磁性材料の製造方法、および圧粉磁心の製造方法 | |
JP5372481B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心及びその製造方法 | |
WO2012124032A1 (ja) | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末の製造方法並びに圧粉磁心 | |
JP5189691B1 (ja) | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその製造方法、ならびに圧粉磁心 | |
JP2011243830A (ja) | 圧粉磁芯及びその製造方法 | |
JP5023041B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心及びその製造方法 | |
JP5513922B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末およびその圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末の製造方法並びに圧粉磁心 | |
JP2009032880A (ja) | 高周波用の圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 | |
JP5814809B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心用混合粉末 | |
JP2007042883A (ja) | 軟磁性材料及びその製造法、該軟磁性材料を含む圧粉磁心 | |
JP5435398B2 (ja) | 軟磁性圧粉磁芯、及び、その製造方法 | |
JP4856602B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心用鉄基軟磁性粉末および圧粉磁心 | |
JP2011129857A (ja) | 圧粉磁心の製造方法およびこの製造方法によって得られた圧粉磁心 | |
JP2006183121A (ja) | 圧粉磁芯用鉄基粉末およびそれを用いた圧粉磁芯 | |
JP5159751B2 (ja) | 圧粉磁心の製造方法およびこの製造方法によって得られた圧粉磁心 | |
JP2006100292A (ja) | 粉末磁性体コアの製造方法及びそれを用いてなる粉末磁性体コア |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20090929 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110405 |
|
RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422 Effective date: 20110408 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20110411 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110530 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20111025 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20111028 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20141104 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4856602 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |