JP2008543098A - 表面放射光学デバイス - Google Patents
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- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
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- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34326—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer based on InGa(Al)P, e.g. red laser
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Abstract
Description
H. J. Unold, S. W. Z. Mahmoud, R. Jager, M. Kicherer, M. C. Reidl および K. J. Ebeling著, 「Improving single-mode VCSEL performance by introducing a long monolithic cavity」, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett, Vol. 12, No. 8, pp. 939-941, 2000年 D. G. Deppe および D. L. Huffaker著, 「High Spatial coherence vertical-cavity surface emitting laser using a long monolithic cavity」, Electron. Lett. Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 211-213, 1997年 N. Nishiyama, M. Arai, S. Shinada, K. Suzuki, F. Koyama および K. Iga著, 「Multi-oxide layer structure for single-mode operation in vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers」, IEEE, Photon Tech. Lett. Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 606-608, 2000年 K.D. Choquette, K.M. Geib, C.I.H. Ashby, R.D. Twesten, O. Blum, H.Q. Hou, D,M. Follstaedt, E. Hammons, D. Mathes および R. Hull著, 「Advances in Selective Wet Oxidation of AlGaAs Alloys」, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 3, pp. 916-926, 1997年 R.L. Naone, P.D. Floyd, D.B. Young, E.R. Hegblom, T.A. Strand and L.A. Coldren著, 「Interdiffused quantum wells for lateral confinement in VCSELs」, IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 4, pp. 706-714, 1998年 K.D. Choquette, K.M. Geib, R.D. Briggs, A.A. Allerman および J.J. Hindi著, 「Single Transverse Mode selectively oxidised vertical cavity lasers」, in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers IV, C. Lei and K.D. Choquette, Eds: Proc SPIE, 2000年, vol. 3946, pp. 230-233 K.D. Choquette, A.A. Allerman, K.M. Geib および J.J. Hindi著, 「Lithographically defined gain apertures with selectively oxidised VCSELs」, in Proc. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2000年5月, pp. 232-233 K.D. Choquette, A.J. Fischer, K.M. Geib, G.R. Hadley, A.A. Allerman および J.J. Hindi著, 「High single mode operation from hybrid ion implanted selectively oxidised VCSELs」, in Proc. IEEE 17th Int. Semiconductor Laser Conf., Monterey, 2000年9月, pp. 59-60 D-S. Song, S-H Kim, H-G Park, C-K Kim および Y-H Lee著, 「Single Fundamental Mode Photonic Crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers」, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 80, pp. 3901-3903, 2002年 A.J. Danner, J.J. Rafferty, N. Yokouchi および K.D. Choquette著, 「Transverse modes of photonic crystal, vertical cavity lasers」, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 84, pp 1031-1033, 2004年 H.J. Unold. S. W.Z. Mahmoud, R. Jager, M. Grabherr, R. Micalzik および K.J. Ebeling著, 「Large area single mode VCSELs and the self aligned surface relief」, IEEE. Journal On Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 7, pp. 386-392, 2001年 A. Haglund, J.S. Gustavsson, J. Vukusic, P. Modh および A. Larsson著, 「Single fundamental mode output power exceeding 6mW from VCSELs with shallow surface relief」, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 16, pp. 368-370, 2004年 H. Martinsson, J. Vukusic, M. Grabherr, R. Micalzik, R. Jager, K.J. Ebeleing および A. Larsson著, 「Transverse mode selection in large area oxide confined VCSELs using a shallow surface relief」, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1536-1538, 1999年 J. Vukusic, H. Martinsson, J.S. Gustavsson および A. Larsson著, 「Numerical optimisation of the single fundamental mode output from a surface modified vertical cavity surface emitting laser」, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 37, pp. 108-117, 2001年 See, for example, G.B. Stringfellow著, 「Organometallic Vapour Phase Epitaxy: Theory and Practice」, Academic Press (1994年) A. Knigge, R. Franke, S. Knigge, B. Sumpf, K. Vogel, M. Zorn, M. Weyers および G. Trankle著, 「650nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers: Laser Properties and Reliability Investigations」, Photonics Tech. Letters, vol. 14, pp. 1385-1387, 2002年 M. Watanabe, J. Rennie, M. Okajima および G. Hatakoshi著, 「Improvement in the temperature characteristics of 630nm band InGaAlP multiquantum well laser diodes using a 15o misoriented substrate」, Electron. Lett. Vol. 29, pp. 250-252, 1993年 A. Valster, C. T. H. F. Liedenbaum, M. N. Finke, A. L. G. Severens, M. J. B. Boermans, D. W. E. Vandenhoudt および C. W. T. Bulle-Lieuwma著, 「High Quality AlxGa1-x-yInyP Alloys Grown by MOVPE on (311) B GaAs Substrates」 Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 107, pp. 403-409, 1991年
a) y ≦ x/8 + 4.25、および、
b) y ≦ −4x/3 + 25.67
ここで、xはミクロン単位の酸化物アパーチャ、yはミクロン単位の表面レリーフ直径である。さらに好ましくは、表面レリーフ直径は3ミクロンより大きく、酸化物アパーチャは6ミクロンより大きい。
11 拡散バリア層
12A、12B バリア
13 格子整合バリア
14 量子井戸
15 酸化層
16 p型DBRミラー
17 エッチング停止層
18 GaAsキャップ層(GaAs逆位相層)
20 分布ブラッグ反射(DBR)ミラー
21 キャビティ
22 AlInPスペーサ層
40 酸化物層
41 HMDS
42 フォトレジスト層
50 露光領域
51 フォトレジストマスク(レジスト領域)
52 表面レリーフ特徴
53 メサ構造
60 フォトレジスト層
60A 保護領域
60B フォトレジスト領域
61 マスク
80 酸化物アパーチャ
82 GaAs層(中央領域)
90 PECVD SiO2
91A フォトレジスト領域
91B フォトレジスト領域
92 マスク
110 フォトレジスト
110A フォトレジスト領域
110B フォトレジスト領域
111 フォトマスク
120 層状金属化部
130 ブラックワックス
131 ガラス基板
132 n金属コンタクト
140 酸化物アパーチャ直径
141 表面レリーフ特徴直径
142 表面レリーフ特徴段差高度
143 光軸
144 表面レリーフリセス
Claims (20)
- 630nmから690nmの範囲の波長を持った光学出力を生成するよう適合されたキャビティを有する垂直キャビティ表面放射光学デバイスであって、該デバイスは、そのデバイスの中央の軸部分の中で電流を濃縮するための酸化物アパーチャと、実質的に単一の横動作モードを選択するよう適合されたデバイスの出力表面における表面レリーフ特徴と、を含むことを特徴とする垂直キャビティ表面放射光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ特徴はmλ/4nの範囲に高さを持ち、ここで、λは630nmから690nmの範囲にあり、mは奇数であり、nは表面レリーフ特徴が形成される材料の波長λでの屈折率であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ特徴は、GaAsキャップ層と下に横たわるInGaPエッチング停止層との間、またはInGaAsキャップ層とAlGaInPエッチング停止層との間に段差として提供されることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ特徴は、光軸上に中心を合わせられた低いレリーフ部を有することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2または請求項3に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ特徴は、光軸上に中心を合わせられた高いレリーフ部を有することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2または請求項3に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ特徴は、デバイスの光軸上に中心を合わせられ、酸化物アパーチャと同軸の円形のレリーフ領域を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ特徴の直径と酸化物アパーチャの直径は、
y≦x/8+4.25、および、y≦−4x/3+25.67
で表わされる関係にあり、ここで、xはミクロン単位の酸化物アパーチャであり、yはミクロン単位の表面レリーフ直径であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。 - 表面レリーフ直径は3ミクロンより大きく、酸化物アパーチャは6ミクロンより大きいことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ直径は3から5ミクロンの範囲にあり、酸化物アパーチャは6から15ミクロンの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ直径は4.8から5ミクロンの範囲にあり、酸化物アパーチャは8から9ミクロンの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。
- 基板と、
基板の上に形成した下側の反射構造と、
光学デバイスのキャビティを規定する下側の反射構造の上の量子井戸構造と、
量子井戸構造の上に形成された上側の反射構造と、
前記表面レリーフ特徴を規定する上側の層または層群と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。 - 下側の反射構造は、55対のAlAs/Al(0.5)Ga(0.5)Asの交互層を備えた分布ブラッグ反射ミラーを有し、その状況で、上側の反射構造は、35対のAl(0.98−0.95)GaAs/Al(0.5)GaAsの交互層を備えた分布ブラッグ反射ミラーを有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の光学デバイス。
- 一対の下側の反射構造がAl(0.98)GaAsを利用し、残りの34対の層がAl(0.95)GaAsを、それぞれの対の構成の1つとして利用することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の光学デバイス。
- 下側の反射構造と量子井戸構造との間に拡散バリア層をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の光学デバイス。
- 量子井戸構造と上側の反射構造との間にスペーサ層を含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の光学デバイス。
- スペーサ層はMgでドープされることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の光学デバイス。
- 前記表面レリーフ特徴を規定する上側の層または層群は、下側のInGaPエッチング停止層と4分の1波長逆位相層とを有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の光学デバイス。
- 表面レリーフ特徴は40nmから46nmの範囲に高さを持つことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。
- VCSELを有することを特徴とする請求項1から18のいずれか1項に記載の光学デバイス。
- 添付の図面を参照してここで実質的に記載された光学デバイス。
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PCT/EP2006/005388 WO2006131316A1 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-06-02 | Surface emitting optical devices |
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EP (1) | EP1902497A1 (ja) |
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KR20080049705A (ko) | 2008-06-04 |
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