JP2008525303A - 石油ベースの液体炭化水素を改良する熱中性法 - Google Patents
石油ベースの液体炭化水素を改良する熱中性法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018967 Pt—Rh Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 CH 4 Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】反応炉の内側ゾーンに炭化水素燃料と、酸素富化ガス及び蒸気との混合物を
供給するステップと、前記炭化水素燃料と、前記酸素富化ガス及び蒸気とを約380〜約
450℃の温度で予熱するステップと、前記予熱された混合物を、約25000h‐1又はそれ以上のガス空間速度で前記触媒床に接触させ、反応温度を約800〜900℃に昇温する発熱燃焼反応を引き起こし、水素富化合成ガスを生成するための前記液体炭化水素燃料を改質するのに十分な時間をかけて吸熱蒸気改質反応を引き起こすステップと、
を有することを特徴とする熱中性改質方法。
【選択図】図2
Description
ここで、前記液体炭化水素燃料として、石油ベースの燃料を用いることができる。前記石油ベースの燃料としては、iso−オクタン、軽質ナフサ、重ナフサ、灯油及びディーゼルからなる群より選択することができる。
クス形成から検出可能な触媒非活性化がないという利点を有している。
善する斬新な高ガスの1時間あたりの空間速度(GHSV=25,000 h−1 to40,000 h−1)、つまり、熱中性改質(TNR)プロセスを包含している。本発明は、コークス生成なしで、液体炭化水素の改良という困難な課題を解決する。
を明確にすることができる。
ち少なくとも一方は、触媒温度の過度の上昇を抑制するために瞬間的に増加する。
によって、コークス形成の有害な影響の無い従来技術の方法と比べて、液体燃料を採用し
ているとき、合成ガスの大幅な生産増加が得られる。
(実施例1)
本発明の方法を明らかにするために固定床流通反応装置で実験を行った。その反応装置システムは、ガス及び液体の供給部と、予熱部と、反応炉部と、生成回収部とからなる。
送液される。反応炉チューブは、直径12.6mmであり、人口のハイネス(Haynes)2
30合金材料からなる。
不活性な炭化ケイ素からなる層間の該反応炉チューブの中央に配置されている。炭化ケイ素層の先端部は、予熱ゾーンとして機能し、前記混合物をその予熱ゾーンにおいて350℃で加熱した。
10℃であった。1時間あたりのガス空間速度は34,129h−1、圧力が2バール、炭
素に対する蒸気の比率が2.1、酸素/炭素(比率)が0.507である。その結果を表
1に示した。ここで、表1はIso−オクタン装入物の結果を要約したものである。
この実施例は、合成ガス中に200ppmの硫黄を含むナフサ装入物の触媒変換のための方法を示しており、詳細には実施例1に記載されている。
本実施例は、合成ガスに対する、硫黄の含有量が1ppmに満たない軽質ナフサ装入物の触媒変換のための方法を示しており、詳細には実施例1に記載されている。
表3は、軽質ナフサ装入物についての実験結果の概要である。
Claims (14)
- 燃焼改質触媒と蒸気及び/又はCO2改質触媒とを混合したNi-Ce2O3-Pt-Rhからなる触媒床を含む内側ゾーンを有する反応炉を用いて、液体炭化水素燃料から水素富化合成ガスを生成する熱中性改質方法であって、
反応炉の内側ゾーンに炭化水素燃料と、酸素富化ガス及び蒸気との混合物を供給するステップと、
前記炭化水素燃料と、前記酸素富化ガス及び蒸気とを約380〜約450℃の温度で予熱するステップと、
前記予熱された混合物を、約25000h‐1又はそれ以上のガス空間速度で前記触媒床に接触させ、反応温度を約800〜900℃に昇温する発熱燃焼反応を引き起こし、水素富化合成ガスを生成するための前記液体炭化水素燃料を改質するのに十分な時間をかけて吸熱蒸気改質反応を引き起こすステップと、
を有することを特徴とする熱中性改質方法。 - 前記液体炭化水素燃料は、石油ベースの燃料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- 前記石油ベースの燃料は、iso−オクタン、軽質ナフサ、重ナフサ、灯油及びディーゼルからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- 前記ガス空間速度は、約25000〜約40000h−1であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- 前記予熱温度は、約410〜420℃であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- 前記発熱燃焼反応で得られた熱は一旦無くなり、同じ前記触媒床上での発熱反応によって補償されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- 前記反応は、外熱供給無しで、行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- コークス形成が回避されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- 前記iso−オクタン及び前記軽質ナフサの96.5%以上が合成ガス(H2ZCOZCO2ZCl−l4)に変換されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の熱中性改質方法。
- 前記重量ナフサの99%以上が合成ガス(H2ZCOZCO2ZCH4)に変換されることを特徴
とする請求項3に記載の熱中性改質方法。 - 前記プロセスから得られた合成ガスは、高純粋水素を生成するために精製したことを特
徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。 - 前記水素富化合成ガスは、高温燃料電池又は低温燃料電池を組み込んだ乗物内のオンボード改質装置の燃料として使用されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質
方法。 - 前記水素富化合成ガスは、内燃機関内の水素富化のための燃料として使用されることを
特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。 - 前記水素富化合成ガスは、固定アプリケーションで用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱中性改質方法。
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BRPI0517600B1 (pt) | 2018-11-21 |
EP1828085B1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
AU2005321933A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
EP1828085A4 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
KR20080015773A (ko) | 2008-02-20 |
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EP1828085A1 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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AU2005321933B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
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