JP2008524204A - 感染の処置に全面的解決を与えるための抗生物質の組合せ - Google Patents
感染の処置に全面的解決を与えるための抗生物質の組合せ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008524204A JP2008524204A JP2007546307A JP2007546307A JP2008524204A JP 2008524204 A JP2008524204 A JP 2008524204A JP 2007546307 A JP2007546307 A JP 2007546307A JP 2007546307 A JP2007546307 A JP 2007546307A JP 2008524204 A JP2008524204 A JP 2008524204A
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- antibiotic
- cefepime
- amikacin
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Abstract
Description
(A)組合せとして言及された薬物は、逐次的に投与されている。
(B)これらの薬物は、予め混合された組合せでは利用できない。その上、薬物成分の一方は液体(直ちに使用できる)として、他方は注射用の乾燥粉末として利用できる。
(C)より多くの穿刺を必要とし、投与の時間も長いため、薬物の投与には複雑性を必然的に伴う。
(D)アミノグリコシドの過剰な投与の症例では、腎毒性の機会が増大する。
(a)これらの薬物の個別投与の場合は約20日まで、同時投与の場合は約13日まで、処置の時間が延長される。
(b)入院時間の増加のために、患者にかかるコストが相対的に高い。
(c)用量が一貫しないために、失敗率が相対的に高い。たとえば、Beaucaire, G.ら(1999)は、セフェピム(2gx2/日)+アミカシン(7.5mg/kgx2/日)を用い、Miguel, A. Sanzら(2002)によって、アミカシン(24時間ごとに20mg/kg)はやはりセフェピム(8時間ごとに2g)と併用された。
(a)成分は、異なる用量で逐次的かつ個別的に投与される。
(b)成分は、等しい比率で投与されるか、または比率は、不明確であり、一定していない。
(c)そのような処置の成功率は、望みの水準どおりではない。
したがって、本発明の目的および利点を以下に記載する:
本発明は、新規な医薬組成物、感染を処置する方法、および組成物を製造する方法に関するものである。感染性合併症は、罹患率および死亡率の重要な原因である。院内感染肺炎(HAP)は、集中治療室内での最も重い病院内の感染症であり続けている。β−ラクタム単剤は、緑膿菌および/またはメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌が病原もしくは共同病原と考えられるときは、常に、不適切であると見なされる。本発明は、すべての細菌感染を制御するための、所望される経験的治療法を提供する。本発明は、少なくとも2種類の異なる抗生物質を、アミカシンまたはその硫酸塩であるタンパク質合成阻害抗生物質、およびセフェピムまたはその塩酸塩である非タンパク質合成阻害抗生物質を含む、非経口的投与形態を用いて送達するための抗生物質併用製品を提供する。本発明は、多耐性緑膿菌もしくはアシネトバクター属の種、および/またはメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌に対する全面的解決を与え、急性または重症の感染に罹患した入院患者向けの抗生物質として、筋内または静脈内投与に役立つ。本明細書に記載された医薬組成物は、通常、最低の腎毒性を有し、アミカシンおよびセフェピムの組合せの、より優れた薬効および安全性を有する。
本発明は、抗生物質組成物、およびその使用に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、異なる2種類の抗生物質を非経口的に送達するための組成物、およびその組合せの使用に関する。
(a)第一の抗生物質および第二の抗生物質(前記第一の抗生物質はタンパク質合成阻害抗生物質であり、前記第二の抗生物質は非タンパク質合成阻害抗生物質である)と;
(b)更に安定剤を含む
を含む組合せを提供する。
(a)前記第一の抗生物質がアミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、アミカシンの遊離酸として算出して約50mg〜約75mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(b)前記第二の抗生物質がセフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、セフェピムの遊離酸として算出して約250mg〜約500mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(c)前記組成物が、約75mg〜約150mgの範囲内の量で存在するl−アルギニンを安定剤として更に含み、前記抗生物質の組合せが水3mlを用いて注射用に再構成される
抗生物質の組合せを包含する。
(a)前記第一の抗生物質がアミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、アミカシンの遊離酸として算出して約100mg〜約150mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(b)前記第二の抗生物質がセフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、セフェピムの遊離酸として算出して約500mg〜約1gの範囲内の量で存在し、
(c)前記組成物が、約150mg〜約300mgの範囲内の量で存在するl−アルギニンを安定剤として更に含み、前記抗生物質の組合せが水5mlを用いて注射用に再構成される
抗生物質の組合せを包含する。
(a)前記第一の抗生物質がアミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、アミカシンの遊離酸として算出して約200mg〜約300mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(b)前記第二の抗生物質がセフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、セフェピムの遊離酸として算出して約1g〜約2gの範囲内の量で存在し、
(c)前記組成物が、約300mg〜約600mgの範囲内の量で存在するl−アルギニンを安定剤として更に含み、前記抗生物質の組合せが水10mlを用いて注射用に再構成される
抗生物質の組合せを包含する。
(a)前記第一の抗生物質がアミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、アミカシンの遊離酸として算出して約400mg〜600mgの量で存在し、
(b)前記第二の抗生物質がセフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩であって、セフェピムの遊離酸として算出して約2g〜4gの量で存在し、
(c)前記組成物が、約600mg〜1.2gの範囲内の量で存在するl−アルギニンを安定剤として更に含み、前記抗生物質の組合せが水20mlを用いて注射用に再構成される
抗生物質の組合せを包含する。
(a)第一および第二の活性成分を無菌充填/混合する工程(前記第一の活性成分は、アミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩、好ましくは硫酸塩である第一の抗生物質を含み;前記第二の成分は、セフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩、好ましくは塩酸セフェピムである第二の抗生物質である)、
(b)l−アルギニンのような安定剤を無菌添加/混合する工程(前記l−アルギニンの重量は、前記第一の抗生物質および前記第二の抗生物質の併せた重量の約35%〜約75%の範囲内にある)、
(c)前記無菌混合を約1時間〜約4時間にわたる期間継続する工程、
(d)工程(a)の無菌充填物/混合物を、約1:5〜約5:1、好ましくは約1:4〜約4:1、より好ましくは約1:3〜約3:1の範囲内にある前記第一の抗生物質対前記第二の抗生物質の重量比で、所望される薬学的有効用量を得るよう配分する工程、および
(e)不活性ガスの前後給気によって無菌的に塞栓する工程
を含む方法を包含する。
バッチ第RTA02号のアミカシンおよびセフェピムについて、細菌感受性試験を実施した。異なる微生物に対してアミカシンおよびセフェピムの組合せを用いて、薬物の個々の成分と比較した組合せの薬効を分析した。異なる濃度を、データ中に最高、高、低および最低と称して選んだ。帯域幅は、mmとして決定した。アミカシンおよびセフェピムの活性は、大腸菌、肺炎桿菌、肺炎連鎖球菌、エンテロコッカス・フェカーリス(Enterococcus faecalis)、緑膿菌、黄色ブドウ球菌で最も良く認められた。この組合せは、個々の成分より良好に作用することが見出された。
バッチ第RTA02号のアミカシンおよびセフェピムについて、比率決定試験を実行した。異なる微生物に対して異なる比率のアミカシンおよびセフェピムを用いた。異なる比率に対する細菌の溶菌帯域を、mmとして決定した。アミカシンおよびセフェピムの量は、20μgになるようにした。溶菌帯域は、1:4の比としたアミカシン−セフェピムの組合せで最大と決定された。
6ヶ月の継続期間のアミカシンおよびセフェピムの組合せについて、加速安定性試験を実施した。組合せは、安定的であると判明した。
げっ歯類に対して、動物行動、急性および亜急性毒性試験を実施した。ヒトで提案される用量より30倍まで多い併用用量を、実験動物に与えた。提唱される用量での併用は、無害であると判明した。
1.手順は、すべて、STPに従って実施した。
2.製品は、40℃/75%の室温/湿度で6ヶ月間安定的であるとした。
Claims (9)
- ヒトを含む哺乳動物に対する抗菌性の一定した用量の併用療法として用いるための非経口的注射に適切な医薬組成物であって、抗生物質の改良された薬効の組合せ、好ましくは相乗的組合せの、ある量の流体、好ましくは注射用の水による再構成後に準備される、注射用の乾燥粉末プレミックスを含み、更に、
(a)少なくとも1種類のタンパク質合成阻害抗生物質と、
(b)約1:5〜約5:1、好ましくは約1:4〜約4:1、より好ましくは約1:3〜約3:1の重量比で、タンパク質合成阻害抗生物質ではない、セフスロジンナトリウム以外の少なくとももう1種類の適合抗生物質と混合されていることと、
(c)1種類以上の、アルギニン、L−リシン、ヒスチジン、ロイシン、システインなどを含むアミノ酸を含む安定剤を添加すること
を含む医薬組成物。 - (a)前記タンパク質合成阻害抗生物質が、ネチルマイシン、カナマイシン、ゲンタマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、アミカシンおよびトブラマイシンを含むアミノグリコシド系;エリスロマイシンおよびリンコマイシンを含むマクロライド系;テトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、クロルテトラサイクリンおよびミノサイクリンを含むテトラサイクリン系;リネゾロイドを含むオキサゾリジノン系;ならびにフシジン酸の群から選ばれ;
(b)タンパク質合成阻害抗生物質ではない前記もう1種類の適合抗生物質が、ペニシリン、ジクロキサシリンおよびアンピシリンを更に含むβ−ラクタムペニシリン系;セフェピム、セフタジジム、セフォタキシム、セフロキシム、セファクロルおよびセフトリアキソンを更に含むβ−ラクタムセファロスポリン系;イミペネムおよびメロペネムを更に含むβ−ラクタムカルバペネム系;シプロフロキサシン、モキシフロキサシン、レボフロキサシンを更に含むキノロン;スルファニルアミドおよびスルファメトキサゾールを更に含むスルホンアミドを含むβ−ラクタム抗生物質;;バンコマイシン;またはニトロフラントインから選ばれ;
(c)前記安定剤が、l−アルギニンであって、l−アルギニンの重量が、組成物中の抗生物質を併せた重量の約35%〜約75%である
請求項1記載の組成物。 - (a)好適なタンパク質合成阻害抗生物質が、好ましくはストレプトマイシン、ゲンタマイシン、アミカシン、トブラマイシン、カナマイシンおよびネチルマイシン、または薬学的に許容されるこれらのいずれかの塩を含むアミノグリコシド;より好ましくはアミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩、すなわち硫酸アミカシン(前記硫酸アミカシンは、カナマイシンから誘導される半合成アミノグリコシド系抗生物質であって、化学名D−ストレプトアミン,O−3−アミノ−3−デオキシ−a−b−グルコピラノシル(1>6)−O−[6−アミノ−6−デオキシ−a−D−グルコピラノシル(1>4)]−N1−(4−アミノ−2−ヒドロキシ−1−オキソブチル)−2−デオキシ−(S)−スルファート(1:2)(塩)を有し、781.75の分子量の分子式C22H43N5O13・2H2SO4を有する)であり、
(b)タンパク質合成阻害活性を保有しない好適な抗生物質が、β−ラクタムセファロスポリン、より好ましくはセフェピム、さらにより好ましくは薬学的に許容されるセフェピムの塩、すなわち塩酸セフェピム(前記塩酸セフェピムは、非経口投与のための半合成、広域のセファロスポリン抗生物質であり、化学名1−[[(6R,7R)−7−[2−(2−アミノ−4−チアゾリル)−グリオキシルアミド]−2−カルボキシ−8−オキソ−5−チア−1−アザビシクロ[4.2.0]オクタ−2−エン−3−イル]メチル]−1−メチルピロリジニウムクロリド、72−(Z)−(O−メチルオキシム)一塩酸塩一水和物を有し、571.5の分子量の分子式C19H25ClN6O5S2・HCl・H2Oを有する、白色ないし淡黄色の粉末であり、水に非常に易溶性である)である
請求項2記載の組成物。 - (a)アミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩が、アミカシンの遊離酸として算出して約50mg〜約75mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(b)セフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩が、セフェピムの遊離酸として算出して約250mg〜約500mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(c)安定剤としてのl−アルギニンが、約75mg〜約150mgの範囲内の量で存在する
請求項3記載の一回分用量の組成物。 - (a)アミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩が、アミカシンの遊離酸として算出して約100mg〜約150mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(b)セフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩が、セフェピムの遊離酸として算出して約500mg〜約1gの範囲内の量で存在し、
(c)安定剤としてのl−アルギニンが、約150mg〜約300mgの範囲内の量で存在する
請求項3記載の複数回分用量の組成物。 - (a)アミカシンまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩が、アミカシンの遊離酸として算出して約400mg〜約600mgの範囲内の量で存在し、
(b)セフェピムまたは薬学的に許容されるその塩が、セフェピムの遊離酸として算出して約2g〜約4gの範囲内の量で存在し、
(c)安定剤としてのl−アルギニンが、約600mg〜約1,200mgの範囲内の量で存在する
請求項3記載の複数回分用量の組成物。 - ヒトを含む哺乳動物における細菌感染を処置する方法であって、請求項1、2、3、4、5または6記載の組成物を、静脈内または筋内のいずれかで非経口的に注射することによって処置する方法。
- 不活性ガスの被覆下で無菌容器内に包装かつ密封された、請求項1、2、3、4、5または6記載の組成物であって、前記容器が、一つ以上のバイアル、アンプル、注射筒、小包、小袋およびオートインジェクターであり、前記容器の内部空間が、再構成された形態での前記組成物によって占有された充填容積、および不活性ガスで限定された微量大気によって無菌的に占有されたヘッドスペース容積を含み、前記微量大気が、希ガスおよび窒素、好ましくは窒素からなる群から選ばれる、基本的に1種類以上の不活性ガスを含み、前記窒素気体の量が、前記ヘッドスペース容積の5%以下であり、前記ヘッドスペース容積に対する前記充填容積の比が、1:1以上である組成物。
- 請求項1、2、3、4、5または6記載の予め混合された抗生物質の組合せを調製する方法であって、
(a)抗生物質成分または薬学的に許容されるその塩を無菌充填/混合する工程、
(b)l−アルギニンのような安定剤を無菌添加/混合する工程、
(c)前記無菌添加/充填/混合を約1時間〜約4時間にわたる期間継続する工程、
(d)前記無菌充填物/混合物を配分する工程、および
(e)不活性ガスの前後給気によって無菌的に塞栓する工程
を含む方法。
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AU2005315140A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
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KR20070063036A (ko) | 2007-06-18 |
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UA91205C2 (ru) | 2010-07-12 |
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