JP2008523819A - Yersiniapestisの免疫療法におけるフラジェリンの使用 - Google Patents
Yersiniapestisの免疫療法におけるフラジェリンの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008523819A JP2008523819A JP2007547004A JP2007547004A JP2008523819A JP 2008523819 A JP2008523819 A JP 2008523819A JP 2007547004 A JP2007547004 A JP 2007547004A JP 2007547004 A JP2007547004 A JP 2007547004A JP 2008523819 A JP2008523819 A JP 2008523819A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2004年12月16日出願の米国仮出願第60/636,635号、および2005年8月19日出願の米国仮出願第60/709,609号の利点を主張するものであり、その開示は、その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所(National Institutes of Health)から、認可番号P01−AI060642として政府の支持を得ている。米国政府は、本発明に特定の権利を有する。
本発明は、Y.pestisに対する免疫応答を生成するためのフラジェリンアジュバント、Yersinia pestis(エルシニア・ペスチス)由来の抗原およびその融合タンパク質の(例えば、Y.pestis感染の予防的な治療における)使用に関する。
「免疫原(immunogen)」および「抗原(antigen)」という用語は、本明細書において交換可能に用いられて、任意の化合物(ペプチドおよびタンパク質を含む)であって、それに対して細胞性免疫応答および/または体液性免疫応答が指向され得る化合物を意味する。
本発明者は、フラジェリンが、Y.pestis抗原に対して宿主によって惹起される能動的な免疫応答を増強するための、粘膜アジュバントとして作用することを含む、アジュバントとして機能し得ることを確認した。本明細書において用いる場合、「アジュバント」という用語は、当業者によって理解されるその通常の意味を有する。例えば、アジュバントとは、被験体において抗原に対する免疫応答を刺激するその抗原の能力を増大する物質として規定され得る。特定の実施形態では、このアジュバントは、抗原に対する免疫応答を少なくとも約2、3、4、5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60、75、100、150、500、1000倍以上増大する。他の実施形態では、このアジュバントは、特定のレベルの免疫応答(細胞性および/または体液性および/または粘膜の)を達成するのに必要な抗原の量、例えば、少なくとも約15%、25%、35%、50%、65%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、98%以上を減少させる。あるアジュバントはさらに、免疫応答、必要に応じて防御的免疫応答が維持される時間を延長する物質であってもよい(例えば、少なくとも約2倍、3倍、5倍、10倍、20倍以上の時間)。ある場合には、アジュバントの非存在では、宿主において有意な免疫応答は惹起されないかもしれない。
他を示す場合を除いて、当業者に公知の標準的な方法が、遺伝子をクローニングするため、核酸を増幅して検出するため、融合構築物を生成するため、宿主の細胞または生物体においてペプチドを発現するためなどに用いられ得る。このような技術は、当業者に公知である。例えば、Sambrook et al.,「Molecular Cloning」A Laboratory Manual 2nd Ed.(Cold Spring Harbor,NY,1989);F.M.Ausubel et al.Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(Green Publishing Associates,Inc.およびJohn Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York)を参照のこと。
本発明は、公知の技術に従って、治療目的および予防目的のために行われ得る(例えば、Pizzo et al.のPCT出願第WO2004/101737号を参照のこと)。
本発明はさらに、薬学的に受容可能な担体中に本発明の融合タンパク質を含む薬学的組成物(例えば、免疫原性組成物)を提供する。特定の実施形態では、この薬学的組成物は、粘膜送達のために処方される。「薬学的に受容可能な(pharmaceutically acceptable)」とは、毒性のない物質か、あるいは好ましくない物質ではないものを意味する。
マウスの肺における先天性免疫に対するフラジェリンの効果。1μgのフラジェリンの非外科的な気管内(i.t.)滴下は、約4時間後にTNFαの最大産生を誘導するのに十分である(図1)。12〜24時間までに、気管支肺胞浸出液のサイトカインレベルは、ベースラインレベルに戻る。TLR5に結合せず、従ってシグナル伝達活性を欠く変異フラジェリンは、サイトカイン産生を誘導しないことに留意のこと。TNFαに加えて、IL−6、G−CSFを含むいくつかの他のサイトカイン、ならびにケモカイン、MIP−2およびKCは、比較的高レベルに誘導された。サイトカイン発現の増大の後に、好中球の一過性の浸潤(最大12〜24時間)が続く。フラジェリンによって開始される先天的な免疫応答は、重篤な組織障害性の炎症を生じないということを強調することが重要である。誘導された炎症性応答は、実際には比較的中度でかつ急性である。これらの知見を、他の研究者らの知見と組み合わせて、先天性免疫の活性化因子としてのフラジェリンのインビボの力価が確立される。
インビボでの乳房腫瘍の治療。BALB/cマウスを、多くの乳房腫瘍によって過剰発現される抗原であるFra−1抗原、そしてフラジェリンまたはフラジェリンの不活性型のいずれかで免疫した。このマウスは、乳がん腫瘍であるD2F2細胞の皮下注射の前に1回追加免疫した。マウスを腫瘍の増殖についてモニターして、腫瘍容積を決定した。データを図2に示す。白抜きの丸は、Fra−1抗原およびフラジェリンの不活性型を与えられたマウスを示す。黒塗りの丸は、Fra−1抗原およびフラジェリンの活性型を与えられたマウスを示す。容易に理解されるとおり、フラジェリン+Fra−1抗原は、腫瘍の増殖に有意な影響を有した。
方法
プラスミドおよび細胞培養。Yersinia pestisのF1抗原caf1のコード配列(cafオペロン全体を含有するプラスミドは、State University of New York,Stony BrookのJ.B.Bliska博士によって寄贈された)を、Novagen(EMD Biosciences,Inc.,Madison,WI)のpET29a発現ベクターのNdeIおよびXhoI部位にサブクローニングした。組換えのF1/V融合構築物(Heat et al.(1998)Vaccine 16:1131−1137)(G.Andrews博士およびP.Worsham博士,USAMRIIDが提供)を配列決定して、pET16bにサブクローニングした。配列決定によって、F1のシグナル配列に相当する21個のアミノ酸の非存在が明らかになった。
フラジェリンでの免疫は、Yersinia pestisのF1抗原に対して強力な適応性の応答を促進する。フラジェリンがY.pestisのF1抗原に対する体液性免疫応答を促進する能力を決定するために、BALB/cマウスを、10μgのF1抗原および1μgの組換えフラジェリン(FliC)を用いて、気管内(i.t.)または鼻腔内(i.n.)で免疫した。コントロールの動物を、PBSに含まれるF1抗原、またはF1および229と命名されるフラジェリンの変異型で免疫した。4週後、マウスを同一の方式で追加免疫して、追加免疫後種々の時点での循環している抗体力価の分析のために血漿を収集した。コントロールのマウスの群ではF1特異的なIgGは検出されなかった。しかし、F1およびフラジェリンを含有するワクチンは、総IgG力価の劇的な増大を刺激し(図3、パネルa)、高レベルのF1特異的IgG1およびIgG2aをともなった。フラジェリンおよびF1がi.t.で投与された場合、IgG1対IgG2aの平均の比(バーの中に示される)は、30〜170に及び、i.n.で与えられた場合は約3であった。i.n.およびi.t.での免疫は、混合Th応答を生じたが、気管内免疫後は、Th2応答への偏りが明確であった。フラジェリンは有意なF1特異的IgE産生を促進しなかったことに注意することが重要である。F1およびフラジェリンで免疫したマウスが示す抗F1IgGの力価は、2回の免疫後、維持されていた(図3、パネルb)。16週での3回の免疫によって、最初の力価が低かった2匹のマウスでの抗体応答は改善された。
Yersinia pestisに対する免疫応答を誘導する融合タンパク質は、Y.pestis V抗原、Y.pestis F1抗原、またはその融合ペプチドを用いて、実施例2に記載されるのと同様の様式で生成する。このような融合タンパク質を用いて、免疫応答を、必要に応じて防御免疫応答を、本明細書に記載されるように誘導し得る。必要に応じて、この応答は、粘膜の免疫応答である。適切な融合タンパク質の特異的な非限定的な例は以下である。
フラジェリンならびにYersinia pestisのF1およびV抗原を単独のタンパク質としてコードする発現プラスミドを調製するために、S.enteritidisのフラジェリンの超可変領域をコードするヌクレオチド配列のほとんどを、6アミノ酸をコードする18のヌクレオチドブリッジによって分けられるF1およびV配列を連続して置換して取り替えた(上記の実施例A、配列番号1を参照のこと)。組換えタンパク質をBL21細胞で生成して、金属親和性樹脂上でのアフィニティークロマトグラフィーによって精製した。内毒素および混入する核酸を、Acrodiscクロマトグラフィーフィルターを用いて除去した。得られたタンパク質がフラジェリンの生物活性を保持するか否かを決定するために、TLR5−陰性およびTLR5−陽性のRAW264.7細胞を、三融合タンパク質とともにインキュベートして、腫瘍壊死因子a産生の程度を決定した。TLR5−陰性のRAW細胞を用いて、このアッセイにおける影響を有し得る任意の混入する因子を制御した。図8に示されるとおり、フラジェリンならびにYersinia pestisのF1およびVタンパク質を含有する融合タンパク質は、TLR5−陽性細胞においてフラジェリンの生物学的活性を保持する。このタンパク質は、TLR5−陰性のRAW264.7細胞においてはシグナル伝達しなかった。
Claims (23)
- (a)(i)フラジェリンN末端定常領域と
(ii)フラジェリンC末端定常領域と
を含むフラジェリンアジュバントと、
(b)前記N末端定常領域と前記C末端定常領域との間のYersinia pestis抗原と
を含む、融合タンパク質。 - 前記フラジェリンアジュバントが削られたフラジェリン超可変領域を含むか、または前記フラジェリンアジュバントから前記フラジェリン超可変領域が欠失している、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 前記Y.pestis抗原が、(i)前記超可変領域内か、(ii)前記フラジェリンN末端定常領域と超可変領域との間か、または(iii)前記フラジェリンC末端定常領域と前記超可変領域との間か、に挿入される、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 前記Yersinia pestis抗原が、Y.pestisのF1抗原、Y.pestisのV抗原、およびその融合ペプチドからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質をコードする核酸。
- 請求項5に記載の核酸を含むベクター。
- 請求項5に記載の核酸または請求項6に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質を作製する方法であって、前記融合タンパク質が生成されるのに十分な条件下で培養培地中において請求項7に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記融合タンパク質が、宿主細胞から、または培養培地から収集される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 薬学的に受容可能な担体中に請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質を含む免疫原性組成物。
- 哺乳動物被験体においてYersinia pestisに対する免疫応答を生じる方法であって、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質または請求項10に記載の免疫原性組成物を、前記哺乳動物被験体においてYersinia pestisに対する免疫応答を生じるのに有効な量で前記被験体に対して投与するステップを含む、方法。
- Yersinia pestis感染の影響から哺乳動物被験体を防御する方法であって、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質または請求項10に記載の免疫原性組成物を、Yersinia pestis感染の影響に対して前記哺乳動物被験体を防御するのに有効な量で前記哺乳動物被験体に対して投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記投与ステップが粘膜表面に対して融合タンパク質または免疫原性組成物を送達することによって行われる、請求項11または請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記投与ステップが鼻腔内投与または吸入投与によって行われる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が少なくとも50歳齢のヒト被験体である、請求項11または請求項12に記載の方法。
- 薬学的に受容可能な担体中に、
(a)フラジェリンアジュバントと、
(b)Yersinia pestis抗原と
を含む、粘膜投与のための免疫原性組成物。 - 前記Yersinia pestis抗原が、Y.pestisのF1抗原、Y.pestisのV抗原、およびその融合ペプチドからなる群より選択される、請求項16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- 前記Yersinia pestis抗原が、フラジェリンアジュバントに結合される、請求項16に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- フラジェリンアジュバントに結合されていない第二のYersinia pestis抗原をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- ヒト被験体においてYersinia pestisに対する免疫応答を生じる方法であって、請求項16に記載の組成物を、前記ヒト被験体においてYersinia pestisに対する免疫応答を生じるのに有効な量で前記ヒト被験体に対して粘膜的に投与するステップを含む、方法。
- Yersinia pestis感染の影響からヒト被験体を防御する方法であって、請求項16に記載の組成物を、Yersinia pestis感染の影響に対して前記ヒト被験体を防御するのに有効な量で前記ヒト被験体に対して粘膜的に投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記投与ステップが鼻腔内投与または吸入投与によって行われる、請求項20または請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が少なくとも50歳齢のヒト被験体である、請求項20または請求項21に記載の方法。
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JP2013516469A (ja) * | 2010-01-06 | 2013-05-13 | ヴァクシネイト コーポレイション | 高齢者に保護免疫を提供するための方法及び組成物 |
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US20080124361A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
EP1824510B1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
JP5094407B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
WO2006081007A3 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
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EP1824510A2 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
EP1827489A4 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
US8198424B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
WO2006066214A2 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
AU2005325715A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
CA2589553A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
AU2005325715B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
CA2589553C (en) | 2014-02-18 |
JP2008523818A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
WO2006066214A3 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
EP1824510A4 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
EP1827489B1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
US7794731B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
AU2005316265B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
CA2589556A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
EP1827489A2 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
US20080220011A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
WO2006081007A2 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
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