JP2008518072A - 複合材料 - Google Patents
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003286 Ni-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017535 Cu-Al-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018651 Mn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018643 Mn—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018106 Ni—C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018195 Ni—Co—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018559 Ni—Nb Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018598 Si-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910008453 Si—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004337 Ti-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910011209 Ti—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017773 Cu-Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- HBGPNLPABVUVKZ-POTXQNELSA-N (1r,3as,4s,5ar,5br,7r,7ar,11ar,11br,13as,13br)-4,7-dihydroxy-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@]([C@]1(C)C[C@@H]3O)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1[C@@H]1[C@]3(C)CC[C@H]1C(=C)C HBGPNLPABVUVKZ-POTXQNELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFRGGOIBYLYVKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15alpha-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one Natural products CC(=C)C1CCC2(C)CC(O)C3(C)C(CCC4C5(C)CCC(=O)C(C)(C)C5CCC34C)C12 PFRGGOIBYLYVKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SOKRNBGSNZXYIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resinone Natural products CC(=C)C1CCC2(C)C(O)CC3(C)C(CCC4C5(C)CCC(=O)C(C)(C)C5CCC34C)C12 SOKRNBGSNZXYIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract
【解決手段】繊維強化ポリマー(FRP)複合材構造体は、炭素繊維又は他の高級繊維(1、3)及び形状記憶合金(SMA)のワイヤ(2、4)の列を収容した織りプリフォームを組み込んでいる。SMAワイヤは、FRP複合材の従来の成分よりも遥かに大きな量の歪エネルギを吸収する機能を有し、従って、構造体の衝撃耐性を強化する。この織られた形態は、取り扱い及び性能に関して最適な方法でSMAを構造体に組み込むものである。
【選択図】図1
Description
従って、本発明は、従来技術で公知のものよりも商業生産しやすい方法でSMAワイヤを組み込むことにより、衝撃耐性を強化した繊維強化ポリマー複合材構造体を提供するものである。
第1に、プリフォームの製造コストは、SMAワイヤは、繊維質トウと共に同一の製織工程で組み込むことができるので、FRP複合材に典型的に使用されるような従来の織り炭素(又は同類の)布に対するものよりも高くないはずである。更に、この構造体に対する全体的製造工程は、SMAが既に繊維補強材と一体化され、必要とする層及び樹脂フィルムが少なく、それによって相当の時間及びコストを節約するので、個別のSMAワイヤの複合材内への配置を伴う従来技術の例と比較して簡素化される。また、個別のSMA層及び織り繊維質プリフォームを含む例と比較して、層の1つ(及びあらゆる必要なマトリクス中間層)が実質的に削除されるために、複合材の厚みを低減することができ、これは、空気力学的表面のための薄い耐力表層の生成に特に有利とすることができる。
SMAワイヤのFRP複合材への組込みはまた、それらが応力集中物として作用する恐れがあることに起因して、静的機械的特性及び疲労性能に悪影響を及ぼすと予想することができる。しかし、これらのワイヤの織りプリフォームへの一体化は、SMAワイヤが繊維補強材と入れ子になることができるのでその影響を低減し、個別のSMAメッシュの使用によって達成されないと考えられる方法で繊維補強材との負荷伝達を改善する。
本発明による構造体内のマトリクス材も、熱硬化性樹脂及び熱可塑性樹脂の両方を含むFRP複合材に使用される通常の種類のいずれかとすることができるが、組み込まれるSMAの変態温度に関する制約が少ないことを意味するその低い処理温度に起因して、現時点では熱硬化性樹脂が好ましい。SMA/繊維質プリフォームを用いて従来のFRP複合材製造方法を使用することができ、1つ又はそれよりも多くの繊維のみの織りひだと共にSMA/繊維の1つ又はそれよりも多くの織りひだを用いて、多重ひだの実施形態を生成することができる。
ここで、本発明を添付の概略図を参照して例示的に更に詳しく以下に説明する。
図2に示すプリフォームは、このケースでは縦糸及び横糸の両方に炭素トウ当たり2つのSMAワイヤが存在することを除いて図1の実施形態と同様である。炭素トウ1又は3当たりにより多い数のSMAワイヤ2又は4がいずれかの方向で所望される場合には、それぞれのトウの幅にわたって規則的な間隔で付加的なワイヤを組み込むことができる。
次の表は、本発明に従って製造された一連の例示的なFRP複合材積層体の構成を示している。
「Hexcel(登録商標)8552」エポキシ樹脂のマトリクスに従来の織り炭素繊維プリフォームの4つのひだを含むサンプル積層体が作られた。サンプル積層体はまた、上記の表に示す組成1〜8の各々に従って作られ、従って、全てがまた、合計4つのひだを有し、同じマトリクス樹脂内でそのうちの3つ又は2つは、同一の全炭素繊維プリフォームであり、そのうちの1つ又は2つは、表示された織り方の織り炭素繊維/SMAワイヤプリフォームであった。この場合、合金の種類は、周囲温度で主として応力誘起マルテンサイト双晶応答を示すものであった。
2、4 形状記憶合金のワイヤ
Claims (24)
- 強化繊維を備えたポリマーマトリクスと、そこに組み込まれた形状記憶合金(SMA)ワイヤとを含み、
前記SMAワイヤが、構造体の衝撃耐性をその所定の作動温度又は範囲で実質的に強化する構成及び比率のものであり、
前記SMAワイヤが、前記強化繊維の少なくとも一部と共に1つ又はそれよりも多くの一体型プリフォームに織られる、
ことを特徴とする複合材構造体。 - 前記SMAは、Ti−Ni、Ti−Ni−Cu、Ti−Ni−Nb、Ti−Ni−Hf、Cu−Zn−Al、Cu−Al−Ni、Cu−Al−Zn−Mn、Cu−Al−Ni−Mn、Cu−Al−Mn−Ni、Fe−Mn−Si、Fe−Cr−Ni−Mn−Si−Co、Fe−Ni−Mn、Fe−Ni−C、及びFe−Ni−Co−Ti合金を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 構造体における前記SMAワイヤの容積比率は、2〜25%の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の構造体。
- 構造体における前記SMAワイヤの前記容積比率は、3〜12%の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の構造体。
- 前記合金は、前記作動温度又は範囲で主として応力誘起マルテンサイト双晶応答を示す種類のものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記合金は、前記作動温度又は範囲で主として応力誘起マルテンサイト変態応答を示す金の種類のものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記合金は、前記作動温度又は範囲で応力誘起マルテンサイト双晶応答及び応力誘起マルテンサイト変態応答の組合せを示す種類のものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記SMAワイヤは、第1の方向に該第1の方向と垂直な第2の方向よりも実質的に長い断面を有し、かつそれぞれの前記プリフォームに織られ、該長い方向は、該プリフォームの平面にほぼ平行であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 本質的に受動的な構造体であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記強化繊維は、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、及びボロン繊維を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記強化繊維は、50GPa超の引張係数を有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 前記強化繊維は、200GPa超の引張係数を有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の構造体。
- 前記プリフォームは、縦糸方向及び横糸方向のいずれか又は両方に強化繊維及びSMAワイヤの複合トウを含むことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の構造体。
- 異なる組成の繊維と共に織られた形状記憶合金(SMA)ワイヤ、
を含み、
前記SMAワイヤは、布の衝撃耐性をその所定の作動温度又は範囲で実質的に強化する組成及び比率のものである、
ことを特徴とする布。 - 前記SMAは、Ti−Ni、Ti−Ni−Cu、Ti−Ni−Nb、Ti−Ni−Hf、Cu−Zn−Al、Cu−Al−Ni、Cu−Al−Zn−Mn、Cu−Al−Ni−Mn、Cu−Al−Mn−Ni、Fe−Mn−Si、Fe−Cr−Ni−Mn−Si−Co、Fe−Ni−Mn、Fe−Ni−C、及びFe−Ni−Co−Ti合金を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の布。
- 前記合金は、前記作動温度又は範囲で主として応力誘起マルテンサイト双晶応答を示す種類のものであることを特徴とする請求項14又は請求項15に記載の布。
- 前記合金は、前記作動温度又は範囲で主として応力誘起マルテンサイト変態応答を示す金の種類のものであることを特徴とする請求項14又は請求項15に記載の布。
- 前記合金は、前記作動温度又は範囲で応力誘起マルテンサイト双晶応答及び応力誘起マルテンサイト変態応答の組合せを示す種類のものであることを特徴とする請求項14又は請求項15に記載の布。
- 前記SMAワイヤは、第1の方向に該第1の方向と垂直な第2の方向よりも実質的に長い断面を有し、かつ布に織られ、該長い方向は、布の平面にほぼ平行であることを特徴とする請求項14から請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の布。
- 本質的に受動的な布であることを特徴とする請求項14から請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の布。
- 前記繊維は、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、及びボロン繊維を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項14から請求項20のいずれか1項に記載の布。
- 前記繊維は、50GPa超の引張係数を有することを特徴とする請求項14から請求項21のいずれか1項に記載の布。
- 前記繊維は、200GPa超の引張係数を有することを特徴とする請求項22に記載の布。
- 縦糸方向及び横糸方向のいずれか又は両方に前記繊維及びSMAワイヤの複合トウを含むことを特徴とする請求項14から請求項23のいずれか1項に記載の布。
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