JP2008506625A - 燃料変成のための方法および装置 - Google Patents
燃料変成のための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本発明は、ジメチルエーテル(DME)、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、または任意の多少の変形体あるいは他の酸化型燃料などの炭化水素燃料を変成(リホーム)して、とりわけ燃料電池に供給するための水素を生成させるための方法および装置に関する。さらに、本発明は、特に、とりわけ航空機、船舶および車両類において使用するための補助動力ユニット(APU)などの、あるいはたとえば船舶、車両などのハイブリッド駆動装置の一部または単独駆動装置としての、定置または可動/移動式動力消費ユニットに動力を供給するための前記のごとき装置を包含する燃料電池系に関するものである。
【選択図】図4
Description
Claims (19)
- 特に燃料電池を運転するための水素を生成させるために炭化水素燃料を変成する方法であって、
− 該炭化水素燃料を、燃料変成器中で、発熱性接触部分酸化過程(CPOまたは接触POx)によって水素へと変成する第一の段階;
− 該産生された水素を水蒸気に転化させて、これを前記燃料変成器へ送り返す第二の段階;および
− 前記燃料変成器中で、前記水蒸気により、吸熱性接触蒸気変成過程を開始させて、発熱性過程と吸熱性過程との組合せにより、自己熱燃料変性過程(ATR)をつくり出す第三の段階をもつ始動期;ならびに
前記ATR過程によって産生された水素を燃料電池へ供給して、これを運転する定常状態運転期
を包含する前記方法。 - 前記の第一の段階に先立って初期行程があり、該行程において、炭化水素燃料および空気が希薄混合物として前記燃料変成器へ供給され、該燃料変成器が接触的に(触媒によって)始動され、発熱性反応によって加熱される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第三の段階に第四の段階が続き、該第四段階において、前記ATR過程によって産生された水素が、それの燃料電池への供給に先立って、とりわけ一酸化炭素の量を低減することによって精製される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 定常状態運転に先行して、移行期があり、そこでは、前記ATR過程によって産生された水素の一部が燃料電池へ供給され、他の部分が水蒸気に転化され、燃料変成器へ送り返される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第二の段階を実施するために接触燃焼反応器を使用し、定常状態運転時に、燃料電池によって生じた過剰の水素を該燃焼反応器へ供給して、これを水蒸気に接触転化させ、これを熱源として熱交換器へ供給し、そこで燃料電池によって産生された水を蒸発させて水蒸気とし、これを燃料変成器へ送り込む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の段階において、酸素を、外界空気の形で、空気対燃料混合物のラムダ値が約0.1〜0.7となるように、前記燃料変成器へ送り込む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記初期行程において、酸素を、外界空気の形で、空気対燃料混合物のラムダ値が約4〜約8の間となるように、前記燃料変成器へ送り込む請求項2に記載の方法。
- 特に燃料電池を運転するための水素を生成するために、とりわけ請求項1乃至7の少なくとも1つに記載の方法に従って、炭化水素燃料を変性するための装置であって、
− 供給された燃料および酸素から水素を生成させるための、酸化触媒(1a)を含有する燃料変成器(1);および
− 水素を水蒸気に接触転化させるための接触燃焼反応器(3)
を包含し、該燃料変成器(1)と該燃焼反応器(3)が連結されてループをなし、該燃焼反応器(3)からの水蒸気によって、該燃料変成器(1)中で自己熱燃料変成過程(ATR)がつくり出されうるようになっている前記装置。 - 前記燃料変成器(1)の一つの出口と前記燃焼反応器(3)の一つの入口との間にある、該燃料変成器(1)の生成物から一酸化炭素の量を低減させるための気体浄化反応器(2)を包含する請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記燃料変成器(1)へ送り込まれる空気対燃料の比を調節するための制御ユニット(1d)を包含する請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記燃料変成器(1)の入口弁を制御して、請求項1に記載の第一の段階および/または請求項2に記載の初期行程が実施されるようにする制御ユニット(1d)を包含する請求項8に記載の装置。
- 吸熱性水蒸気変性過程および発熱性酸化過程を実施するための、多目的触媒物質または少なくとも2種の一目的触媒物質を含む触媒(1a)を包含する燃料変成器(1)を包含する請求項8に記載の装置。
- 請求項8乃至11の少なくとも1つに記載の装置を制御するための制御ユニット(1d)。
- 請求項8乃至11の少なくとも1つに記載の装置を包含する、少なくとも1個の燃料電池(4)によって動力を発生させるための燃料電池系。
- 前記燃料電池(4)によって生じた水素が、分離器(7)経由で、該燃料電池の水を蒸発させるための熱を発生させるために、前記燃焼反応器(3)へ供給される請求項14に記載の燃料電池系。
- 前記燃料電池(4)により産生された水が、分離器(7)経由で、前記燃料変成器(1)へ供給されるための水蒸気の発生のために、容器(8)へ供給される請求項14に記載の燃料電池系。
- コンピュータプログラムであって、該プログラムをプログラム可能なマイクロコンピュータで実行するときに、請求項1乃至7の少なくとも1つに記載の方法を実施するのに適応したコンピュータプログラムコード手段を包含するコンピュータプログラム。
- インターネットに接続したコンピュータで実行するとき、請求項8に記載の装置または請求項14に記載の燃料電池系にダウンロードするのに適応した請求項17に記載のコンピュータプログラムまたはその構成要素の一つ。
- 請求項17に記載のコンピュータプログラムコード手段を包含する、コンピュータ読取り可能な媒体に蓄積されたコンピュータプログラム製品。
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PCT/SE2004/001142 WO2006009495A1 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2004-07-19 | Method of starting a fuel reforming process and a fuel reforming system |
SESE2004/001142 | 2004-07-19 | ||
PCT/EP2005/007861 WO2006008138A1 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2005-07-19 | Method and arrangement for reforming fuel |
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EP (1) | EP1773714B1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7828863B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
EP1773714A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
CN100551816C (zh) | 2009-10-21 |
CN1989068A (zh) | 2007-06-27 |
US20070287038A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
US20110053021A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
EP1773714B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
WO2006009495A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
JP5047792B2 (ja) | 2012-10-10 |
BRPI0513492B1 (pt) | 2016-12-06 |
WO2006008138A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
BRPI0513492A (pt) | 2008-05-06 |
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