JP2008505060A - クロザピン処置に対する応答を予測するためのバイオマーカー - Google Patents
クロザピン処置に対する応答を予測するためのバイオマーカー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008505060A JP2008505060A JP2007513872A JP2007513872A JP2008505060A JP 2008505060 A JP2008505060 A JP 2008505060A JP 2007513872 A JP2007513872 A JP 2007513872A JP 2007513872 A JP2007513872 A JP 2007513872A JP 2008505060 A JP2008505060 A JP 2008505060A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- slc6a3
- patient
- gene
- polymorphism
- clozapine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N clozapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229960004170 clozapine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 title description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 101150085000 SLC6A3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 108010044266 Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 206010010144 Completed suicide Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 108020005345 3' Untranslated Regions Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 102000005029 SLC6A3 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 claims description 64
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 52
- 102000054765 polymorphisms of proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims description 34
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 101000639972 Homo sapiens Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 102100033928 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 102220284259 rs1379395211 Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 101001003569 Homo sapiens LIM domain only protein 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 206010065604 Suicidal behaviour Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013610 patient sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091036066 Three prime untranslated region Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 abstract description 76
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000054766 genetic haplotypes Human genes 0.000 description 73
- 102000006441 Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 70
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 56
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 51
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 47
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 35
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 35
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 32
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 25
- 238000003205 genotyping method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 22
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 22
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000013615 primer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 206010042464 Suicide attempt Diseases 0.000 description 21
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 18
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 238000001325 log-rank test Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 14
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229960005017 olanzapine Drugs 0.000 description 14
- KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N olanzapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2 KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 13
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000698 schizophrenic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 101150076975 DAT1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 208000027534 Emotional disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 206010033864 Paranoia Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 208000027099 Paranoid disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000009798 acute exacerbation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002974 pharmacogenomic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 206010012239 Delusion Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229940068796 clozaril Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 231100000868 delusion Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 208000020016 psychiatric disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 102000001706 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010054477 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 208000019022 Mood disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000011529 RT qPCR Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 208000028683 bipolar I disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002600 positron emission tomography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 201000009032 substance abuse Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 231100000736 substance abuse Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010012218 Delirium Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000004547 Hallucinations Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102000008394 Immunoglobulin Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010021625 Immunoglobulin Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 208000036820 Schizophrenia, undifferentiated type Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000380 hallucinogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000022821 personality disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002287 radioligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- MMKZDDDDODERSJ-JJXSEGSLSA-N rti-32 Chemical compound C1([C@H]2C[C@@H]3CC[C@@H](N3C)[C@H]2C(=O)OC)=CC=C(C)C=C1 MMKZDDDDODERSJ-JJXSEGSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000017194 Affective disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000729 Fisher's exact test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000017727 Immunoglobulin Variable Region Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010067060 Immunoglobulin Variable Region Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 3
- 108091081021 Sense strand Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000000150 Sympathomimetic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940025084 amphetamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000561 anti-psychotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002866 fluorescence resonance energy transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007834 ligase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- SIIICDNNMDMWCI-LTFFGQHJSA-N methyl (1s,3s,4s,5r)-3-(4-iodanylphenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1([C@H]2C[C@@H]3CC[C@@H](N3C)[C@H]2C(=O)OC)=CC=C([123I])C=C1 SIIICDNNMDMWCI-LTFFGQHJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004952 protein activity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000001975 sympathomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASWBNKHCZGQVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hexadecanoyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C ASWBNKHCZGQVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZACPHCCJSKOSJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-[10-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-ium-1-yl)decyl]-2-methylquinolin-1-ium-4-amine 1-hexadecylpyridin-1-ium triacetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[n+]1ccccc1.Cc1cc(N)c2ccccc2[n+]1CCCCCCCCCC[n+]1c(C)cc(N)c2ccccc12 ZACPHCCJSKOSJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000105975 Antidesma platyphyllum Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091033380 Coding strand Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108020004635 Complementary DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000186216 Corynebacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007399 DNA isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010014303 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000016928 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700039887 Essential Genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010064571 Gene mutation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091092195 Intron Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010026749 Mania Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091027974 Mature messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101710163270 Nuclease Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108020005187 Oligonucleotide Probes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000276498 Pollachius virens Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002123 RNA extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000011963 Substance-induced psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000393 Substance-induced psychotic disorder Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 108700019146 Transgenes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091023045 Untranslated Region Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000001594 aberrant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002759 chromosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003920 cocaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009424 haa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000047619 human SLC6A3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010166 immunofluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006996 mental state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002493 microarray Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002751 oligonucleotide probe Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002823 phage display Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009521 phase II clinical trial Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000028173 post-traumatic stress disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003127 radioimmunoassay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000016686 tic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000539 two dimensional gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POXWDTQUDZUOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,4-diazepine Chemical compound N1C=CC=NC=C1 POXWDTQUDZUOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYKLQEMQEGWXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-oxoisochromen-3-yl)oxypropyl carbamimidothioate Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(Cl)=C(OCCCSC(=N)N)OC(=O)C2=C1 IYKLQEMQEGWXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000040125 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091032151 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BZTDTCNHAFUJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-carboxyfluorescein Chemical compound C12=CC=C(O)C=C2OC2=CC(O)=CC=C2C11OC(=O)C2=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C21 BZTDTCNHAFUJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010002859 Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020925 Bipolar disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000218236 Cannabis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000022497 Cocaine-Related disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700010070 Codon Usage Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000032170 Congenital Abnormalities Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003155 DNA primer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003298 DNA probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001712 DNA sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004568 DNA-binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010061619 Deformity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012225 Delirium tremens Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012335 Dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020401 Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000026331 Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000059 Dyspnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030814 Eating disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700024394 Exon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019454 Feeding and Eating disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000724791 Filamentous phage Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001836 Firesetting Behavior Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001613 Gambling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002068 Glycopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010015899 Glycopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091027305 Heteroduplex Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010020710 Hyperphagia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009786 Immunoglobulin Constant Regions Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009817 Immunoglobulin Constant Regions Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000026350 Inborn Genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100034343 Integrase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylphenidate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)OC)C1CCCCN1 DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091092878 Microsatellite Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010027944 Mood disorder due to a general medical condition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000010645 MutS Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010038272 MutS Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091007491 NSP3 Papain-like protease domains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004711 Nucleic Acid Probes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091005461 Nucleic proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010029897 Obsessive thoughts Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021384 Obsessive-Compulsive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010222 PCR analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002944 PCR assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010034158 Pathological gambling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000007079 Peptide Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010033276 Peptide Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010026552 Proteome Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061921 Psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010066717 Q beta Replicase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010092799 RNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010057190 Respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010040026 Sensory disturbance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004682 Single-Stranded DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010042458 Suicidal ideation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000012826 adjustment disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007930 alcohol dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006246 alcohol withdrawal delirium Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036626 alertness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007844 allele-specific PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004102 animal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009830 antibody antigen interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002249 anxiolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000949 anxiolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940005530 anxiolytics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003693 atypical antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127236 atypical antipsychotics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000005936 beta-Galactosidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013060 biological fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000022257 bipolar II disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003925 brain function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003467 cheek Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003593 chromogenic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000006145 cocaine dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003920 cognitive function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002726 cyst fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009274 differential gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000022602 disease susceptibility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BFMYDTVEBKDAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;(2',7'-dibromo-3',6'-dioxido-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-4'-yl)mercury;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(Br)=C([O-])C([Hg])=C1OC1=C2C=C(Br)C([O-])=C1 BFMYDTVEBKDAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014632 disordered eating Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010013663 drug dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002545 drug psychosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024732 dysthymic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001976 enzyme digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002875 fluorescence polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000003444 follicular lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003485 founder effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005714 functional activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002986 genetic algorithm method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016361 genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007614 genetic variation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095895 haldol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000652 homosexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003326 hypnotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000147 hypnotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003162 iloperidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMXHEBAFVSFQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iloperidone Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(C)=O)=CC=C1OCCCN1CCC(C=2C3=CC=C(F)C=C3ON=2)CC1 XMXHEBAFVSFQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001822 immobilized cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003547 immunosorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015046 intermittent explosive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001155 isoelectric focusing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010045069 keyhole-limpet hemocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002751 lymph Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010841 mRNA extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000024714 major depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001252 methamphetamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001344 methylphenidate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UPSFMJHZUCSEHU-JYGUBCOQSA-N n-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H](OC=2C=C3OC(=O)C=C(C)C3=CC=2)O[C@@H]1CO UPSFMJHZUCSEHU-JYGUBCOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006225 natural substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000944 nerve tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012316 non-parametric ANOVA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036963 noncompetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003499 nucleic acid array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007899 nucleic acid hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002853 nucleic acid probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001293 nucleolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002515 oligonucleotide synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126701 oral medication Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020830 overeating Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N periodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009522 phase III clinical trial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009523 phase IV clinical trial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000819 phase cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002264 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001323 posttranslational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000159 protein binding assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004853 protein function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000164 protein isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124272 protein stabilizer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124811 psychiatric drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940001470 psychoactive drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004089 psychotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012175 pyrosequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004431 quetiapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- URKOMYMAXPYINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N quetiapine Chemical compound C1CN(CCOCCO)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C12 URKOMYMAXPYINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022983 regulation of cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001534 risperidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N risperidone Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C3CCN(CC3)CCC=3C(=O)N4CCCCC4=NC=3C)=NOC2=C1 RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102220070736 rs6347 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003118 sandwich ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002265 sensory receptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013605 shuttle vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000225 synapse Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005062 synaptic transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001138 tear Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ABZLKHKQJHEPAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylrhodamine Chemical compound C=12C=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[O+]C2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABZLKHKQJHEPAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000027100 transient tic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000607 ziprasidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MVWVFYHBGMAFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ziprasidone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N3CCN(CC3)CCC3=CC=4CC(=O)NC=4C=C3Cl)=NSC2=C1 MVWVFYHBGMAFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
- A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/106—Pharmacogenomics, i.e. genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/172—Haplotypes
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US57713104P | 2004-06-04 | 2004-06-04 | |
| PCT/EP2005/006002 WO2005118848A1 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-06-03 | Biomarkers for the prediction of responsiveness to clozapine treatment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008505060A true JP2008505060A (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
| JP2008505060A5 JP2008505060A5 (enExample) | 2008-07-24 |
Family
ID=34970966
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007513872A Pending JP2008505060A (ja) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-06-03 | クロザピン処置に対する応答を予測するためのバイオマーカー |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090281090A1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1756314A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2008505060A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1973051A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2005250142B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0510775A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2568729A1 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA06014127A (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2006146207A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2005118848A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9012143B2 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2015-04-21 | The Ohio State University Research Foundation | Polymorphisms in genes affecting ace-related disorders and uses thereof |
| US7932042B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2011-04-26 | Suregene, Llc | Methods and compositions for the treatment of psychotic disorders through the identification of the olanzapine poor response predictor genetic signature |
| WO2012167281A2 (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-06 | Gareth Davies | Clinical application utilizing genetic data for effective medication management |
| EP2883052B8 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2019-03-13 | Istituto Superiore di Sanità | Biomarkers |
| CN112195230B (zh) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-08-23 | 青岛大学附属医院 | 一种用于氯氮平个体化用药指导的基因检测试剂、试剂盒、检测方法及应用 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003070082A2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-28 | Idgene Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Association of snps in the comt locus and neighboring loci with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, breast cancer and colorectal cancer |
| WO2003101377A2 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-11 | Idgene Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Association of snps in the dgcr2 locus and neighboring loci with schizophrenia |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2381525A (en) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-05-07 | Tcs Cellworks Ltd | Regulating gene expression |
| JP2006518206A (ja) * | 2003-02-21 | 2006-08-10 | ノバルティス アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 処置中の自殺傾向を予測するための方法 |
-
2005
- 2005-06-03 WO PCT/EP2005/006002 patent/WO2005118848A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-03 AU AU2005250142A patent/AU2005250142B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-03 US US11/571,001 patent/US20090281090A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-03 CN CNA2005800178554A patent/CN1973051A/zh active Pending
- 2005-06-03 RU RU2006146207/13A patent/RU2006146207A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-03 JP JP2007513872A patent/JP2008505060A/ja active Pending
- 2005-06-03 EP EP05754261A patent/EP1756314A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-03 CA CA002568729A patent/CA2568729A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-03 MX MXPA06014127A patent/MXPA06014127A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-03 BR BRPI0510775-0A patent/BRPI0510775A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003070082A2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-28 | Idgene Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Association of snps in the comt locus and neighboring loci with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, breast cancer and colorectal cancer |
| WO2003101377A2 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-11 | Idgene Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Association of snps in the dgcr2 locus and neighboring loci with schizophrenia |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005118848A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| EP1756314A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| MXPA06014127A (es) | 2007-01-31 |
| BRPI0510775A (pt) | 2007-11-20 |
| US20090281090A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
| AU2005250142A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| RU2006146207A (ru) | 2008-07-20 |
| CN1973051A (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
| AU2005250142B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| CA2568729A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US20100035251A1 (en) | BioMarkers for the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease | |
| CN1612941B (zh) | 基于cntf基因的多态性治疗精神病和精神分裂症的方法 | |
| JP2010166915A (ja) | 薬物処置の副作用としての浮腫を予測する方法 | |
| JP2006518206A (ja) | 処置中の自殺傾向を予測するための方法 | |
| JP2005522221A (ja) | チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤に対する患者応答性の予測方法 | |
| JP2020089370A (ja) | 抗精神病薬に基づく処置により誘導される錐体外路症状（ｅｐｓ）の発症を予測する方法 | |
| AU2005250142B2 (en) | Biomarkers for the prediction of responsiveness to clozapine treatment | |
| US20140045717A1 (en) | Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Biomarkers for Diagnosing Autism | |
| JP4979382B2 (ja) | 薬剤誘発肝細胞毒性を予測するための遺伝子多型の使用 | |
| KR20070022710A (ko) | 클로자핀 치료에 대한 반응성을 예측하기 위한 바이오마커 | |
| HK1116662A (en) | Biomarkers for identifying efficacy of tegaserod in patients with chronic constipation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080530 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20080530 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20111108 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20120403 |