JP2008290636A - Hybrid car - Google Patents

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JP2008290636A
JP2008290636A JP2007139800A JP2007139800A JP2008290636A JP 2008290636 A JP2008290636 A JP 2008290636A JP 2007139800 A JP2007139800 A JP 2007139800A JP 2007139800 A JP2007139800 A JP 2007139800A JP 2008290636 A JP2008290636 A JP 2008290636A
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refrigerant liquid
engine
heat exchanger
temperature
assembled battery
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JP4958637B2 (en
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Naoki Kurokuzuno
直樹 黒▲葛▼野
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/443—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/445—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/66—Ambient conditions
    • B60L2240/662—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To quickly carry out the warming-up (heating) of a large capacity of battery by eliminating fuel consumption for heating the battery without consuming any useless power in an extremely cold region. <P>SOLUTION: This hybrid car is provided with a water-cooled engine 2 and a motor 3 for making a vehicle travel; a battery pack 1 for supplying a power to the motor 3; an engine radiator 4 connected to a water-cooled channel 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 for making coolant liquid circulate with the water-cooled engine 2; and a heat exchanger 6 connected through a bypass valve 5 to the water-cooled channel 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 for warming-up the battery pack 1 with coolant liquid to be made to circulate in the water-cooled engine 2. The hybrid car heats the battery pack 1 by the heat exchanger 6 by making the coolant liquid circulating in the water-cooled channel 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 circulate in the heat exchanger 6 in such a state that the bypass valve 5 is opened. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、寒冷地でスタートするときに電池を加温できるハイブリッドカーに関する。   The present invention relates to a hybrid car capable of heating a battery when starting in a cold region.

ハイブリッドカーは、エンジンとモータの両方で走行する。モータを駆動するために大容量の電池を搭載している。電池は、低温環境にあっては電気特性が低下して、実質的に充放電できる容量が小さくなる。とくに、寒冷地でハイブリッドカーをスタートさせるとき、電池の温度は最も低く、実質容量が相当に小さくなる。本出願人は、低温環境における電池特性の向上を目的として、電池をヒーターで加温する電源装置を開発した。（特許文献１参照）
特開２００３−２２３９３８号公報 A hybrid car runs on both an engine and a motor. A large-capacity battery is installed to drive the motor. In a low-temperature environment, the battery has low electrical characteristics, and the capacity that can be substantially charged and discharged becomes small. In particular, when starting a hybrid car in a cold region, the battery temperature is the lowest and the real capacity is considerably reduced. The present applicant has developed a power supply device for heating a battery with a heater for the purpose of improving battery characteristics in a low temperature environment. (See Patent Document 1)
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-223938

この電源装置は、複数の素電池を接続している走行用の組電池と、組電池を加温するヒーターを実装する加温プレートとを備える。加温プレートは、組電池を効率よく加温できるように、組電池に接近して配置される。この電源装置は、加温プレートのヒーターに通電してジュール熱でヒーターを加温する。加温されたヒーターは、接近して配置している組電池を加温する。   This power supply device includes an assembled battery for traveling to which a plurality of unit cells are connected, and a heating plate on which a heater for heating the assembled battery is mounted. The heating plate is disposed close to the assembled battery so that the assembled battery can be efficiently heated. This power supply device energizes the heater of the heating plate to heat the heater with Joule heat. The heated heater heats the assembled battery that is placed close to the heater.

ヒーターで走行用の組電池を暖気（加温）するハイブリッドカーは、エンジンで発電機を駆動し、発電機の発電電力をヒーターに供給して、電池を加温する。この構造のハイブリッドカーは、たとえば、外気温度が−２０℃以下に低下する極寒の地域で車をスタートさせるとき、電池の暖気（加温）に相当な時間がかかる。また、電池を加温するために相当に燃料を消費する。とくに、エンジンで発電機を駆動し、発電機でヒーターに電力を出力するので、ヒーターに供給される電力効率は、エンジンと発電機の効率の積となる。かりに、エンジンの効率を２５％、発電機の効率を８０％と仮定すると、全体の効率は２０％となり、燃料のわずか１／５しか電池の加温に使用されない。いいかえると、電池を加熱するために５倍の燃料を消費する。さらに、寒冷地でエンジンをスタートした直後は、エンジンが暖気されず、その効率はさらに低くなる。   A hybrid car that warms (heats) an assembled battery for traveling with a heater drives a generator with an engine, supplies power generated by the generator to the heater, and warms the battery. In the hybrid car having this structure, for example, when the car is started in an extremely cold region where the outside air temperature drops to −20 ° C. or lower, it takes a considerable amount of time to warm the battery (warming). In addition, a considerable amount of fuel is consumed to heat the battery. In particular, since the generator is driven by the engine and electric power is output to the heater by the generator, the power efficiency supplied to the heater is the product of the efficiency of the engine and the generator. Assuming that the engine efficiency is 25% and the generator efficiency is 80%, the overall efficiency is 20%, and only 1/5 of the fuel is used for heating the battery. In other words, it consumes 5 times more fuel to heat the battery. Furthermore, immediately after starting the engine in a cold region, the engine is not warmed up, and its efficiency is further reduced.

ハイブリッドカーに搭載される電源装置の組電池は、大きな出力が要求されることから多数の素電池を直列に接続している。この組電池は熱容量が大きく、全体の暖気（加温）に多量の熱エネルギーを必要とする。このため、電池を加熱するために時間がかかると共に、多量の燃料を走行に利用しないで無駄に消費する。   Since the assembled battery of the power supply device mounted on the hybrid car requires a large output, a large number of unit cells are connected in series. This assembled battery has a large heat capacity, and requires a large amount of heat energy for overall warming (heating). For this reason, it takes time to heat the battery, and a large amount of fuel is consumed unnecessarily without traveling.

本発明は、従来のこのような欠点を解決することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、極寒地域においても、無駄な電力を消費することなく、また電池を加熱するための燃料消費を皆無にして、大容量の電池を速やかに暖気（加温）できるハイブリッドカーを提供することにある。   The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving the conventional drawbacks. An important object of the present invention is a hybrid capable of quickly warming (heating) a large-capacity battery without consuming wasteful electric power and consuming no fuel for heating the battery even in extremely cold regions. To provide a car.

本発明のハイブリッドカーは、前述の目的を達成するために以下の構成を備える。
ハイブリッドカーは、車両を走行させる水冷エンジン２及びモータ３と、このモータ３に電力を供給する組電池１と、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａに連結されて水冷エンジン２との間で冷媒液を循環させるエンジンラジエータ４と、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａにバイパス弁５を介して連結されて、水冷エンジン２に循環される冷媒液で組電池１を暖気する熱交換器６とを備える。ハイブリッドカーは、バイパス弁５を開弁する状態で、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａに循環される冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環させて、熱交換器６でもって組電池１を加温する。 The hybrid car of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the aforementioned object.
The hybrid car is connected to a water-cooled engine 2 and a motor 3 for driving the vehicle, an assembled battery 1 for supplying electric power to the motor 3, and a cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2. An engine radiator 4 to be circulated, and a heat exchanger 6 that is connected to the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 via a bypass valve 5 and warms the assembled battery 1 with the refrigerant liquid circulated to the water-cooled engine 2. In the state where the bypass valve 5 is opened, the hybrid car circulates the refrigerant liquid circulated through the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 to the heat exchanger 6 and heats the assembled battery 1 with the heat exchanger 6. .

本発明の請求項２のハイブリッドカーは、熱交換器６に、熱交換器６に循環される冷媒液を冷却するバッテリラジエータ１４を連結しており、このバッテリラジエータ１４でもって、熱交換器６に循環される冷媒液を冷却して組電池１を冷却する。   In the hybrid car according to claim 2 of the present invention, a battery radiator 14 for cooling the refrigerant liquid circulated to the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the heat exchanger 6. With this battery radiator 14, the heat exchanger 6 The battery pack 1 is cooled by cooling the refrigerant liquid circulated in the tank.

本発明の請求項３のハイブリッドカーは、熱交換器６に冷媒液を循環させる循環ポンプ１３を連結している。   In the hybrid car according to claim 3 of the present invention, the circulation pump 13 for circulating the refrigerant liquid is connected to the heat exchanger 6.

本発明の請求項４のハイブリッドカーは、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａとエンジンラジエータ４との間に開閉弁９を接続しており、この開閉弁９とエンジンラジエータ４を直列に接続している冷却水路７と、熱交換器６とバイパス弁５とを直列に接続している暖気水路８とを並列に連結しており、開閉弁９を閉弁して冷却水路７の冷媒液を暖気水路８の熱交換器６に循環する。   In the hybrid car according to claim 4 of the present invention, an on-off valve 9 is connected between the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 and the engine radiator 4, and the on-off valve 9 and the engine radiator 4 are connected in series. The cooling water passage 7 and the warm air water passage 8 connecting the heat exchanger 6 and the bypass valve 5 in series are connected in parallel, and the on-off valve 9 is closed to allow the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 7 to flow into the warm air water passage. 8 is circulated to the heat exchanger 6.

本発明の請求項５のハイブリッドカーは、開閉弁９を、冷媒液の温度が設定温度になると開弁するサーモスタットとしている。   In the hybrid car according to claim 5 of the present invention, the on-off valve 9 is a thermostat that opens when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid reaches a set temperature.

本発明の請求項６のハイブリッドカーは、水冷エンジン２が、冷媒液の温度が設定温度になると開弁するサーモスタットを有し、このサーモスタットの排出側に、互いに並列に連結している冷却水路７と暖気水路８を連結している。   In the hybrid car according to claim 6 of the present invention, the water-cooled engine 2 has a thermostat that opens when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid reaches the set temperature, and the cooling water passage 7 connected in parallel to each other on the discharge side of the thermostat. And the warm air channel 8 are connected.

本発明の請求項７のハイブリッドカーは、組電池１の温度を検出する温度センサ１７と、この温度センサ１７が検出する組電池１の温度でバイパス弁５を制御する制御回路１６とを備え、組電池１の温度が設定温度なると、制御回路１６がバイパス弁５を閉弁する。   The hybrid car according to claim 7 of the present invention includes a temperature sensor 17 that detects the temperature of the assembled battery 1, and a control circuit 16 that controls the bypass valve 5 based on the temperature of the assembled battery 1 detected by the temperature sensor 17, When the temperature of the assembled battery 1 reaches the set temperature, the control circuit 16 closes the bypass valve 5.

本発明のハイブリッドカーは、極寒地域においても、無駄な電力を消費することなく、また電池を加熱するための燃料消費を皆無にして、大容量の電池を速やかに暖気（加温）できる特徴がある。それは、本発明のハイブリッドカーが水冷エンジンの冷却水路に循環される冷媒液を熱交換器に循環し、この熱交換器で組電池を暖気するからである。エンジンは、運転状態において、燃料の発熱エネルギーの半分以上を放熱する必要がある。水冷エンジンは、冷却水路に冷媒液を循環し、この冷媒液でもってエンジンの発熱を外部に放熱している。本発明は無駄に放熱しているエンジンの廃熱を有効に利用して、組電池を加温する。このため、従来のように組電池を加温するためのヒーターを必要とせず、またこのヒーターに通電するための電力も消費しない。エンジンが外部に放熱する熱エネルギーは、エンジン出力よりも大きい。エンジンの効率が５０％よりも低いからである。したがって、エンジンを運転するときに発生する廃熱エネルギーは、エンジンの出力よりも大きい。本発明のハイブリッドカーは、従来は無駄に放熱していた廃熱エネルギーを有効に利用して組電池を加温する。エンジンの廃熱エンジンは極めて大きく、大容量の組電池を速やかに加温できる。   The hybrid car of the present invention is characterized in that a large-capacity battery can be quickly warmed up (heated) without consuming wasteful electric power even in an extremely cold region, and without consuming fuel for heating the battery. is there. This is because the hybrid car of the present invention circulates the refrigerant liquid circulated in the cooling water passage of the water-cooled engine to the heat exchanger, and warms the assembled battery with this heat exchanger. The engine needs to dissipate more than half of the heat generation energy of the fuel in the operating state. A water-cooled engine circulates a refrigerant liquid through a cooling water channel, and radiates heat generated by the engine to the outside with the refrigerant liquid. The present invention warms an assembled battery by effectively using waste heat of an engine that dissipates wastefully. For this reason, the heater for heating an assembled battery is not required like the past, and the electric power for energizing this heater is not consumed. The thermal energy that the engine dissipates to the outside is larger than the engine output. This is because the engine efficiency is lower than 50%. Therefore, the waste heat energy generated when the engine is operated is larger than the output of the engine. The hybrid car of the present invention warms an assembled battery by effectively utilizing waste heat energy that has conventionally been dissipated wastefully. The waste heat engine of the engine is extremely large and can quickly heat a large capacity assembled battery.

また、本発明の請求項２のハイブリッドカーは、請求項１の構成に加えて、熱交換器に循環される冷媒液を冷却するバッテリラジエータを、熱交換器に連結している。このバッテリラジエータは、熱交換器に循環される冷媒液を冷却して組電池を冷却する。このハイブリッドカーは、熱交換器でもって組電池を暖気し、また充放電されて温度が上昇した状態では組電池を冷却する。したがって、熱交換器を組電池の暖気と冷却の両方に併用して、組電池を最適な温度に保持できる。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, a battery radiator for cooling the refrigerant liquid circulated through the heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchanger. This battery radiator cools the assembled battery by cooling the refrigerant liquid circulated to the heat exchanger. This hybrid car warms the assembled battery with a heat exchanger, and cools the assembled battery when it is charged and discharged and the temperature rises. Therefore, the assembled battery can be maintained at an optimum temperature by using the heat exchanger for both warming and cooling of the assembled battery.

さらに、本発明の請求項３のハイブリッドカーは、請求項１の構成に加えて、熱交換器に冷媒液を循環させる循環ポンプを連結している。この構造は、熱交換器に水冷エンジンに循環される冷媒液を効率よく循環できる。このため、エンジンの廃熱を効率よく熱交換器に伝えて、組電池を速やかに暖気できる。   Furthermore, the hybrid car according to claim 3 of the present invention is connected to the circulation pump for circulating the refrigerant liquid in the heat exchanger in addition to the structure of claim 1. This structure can efficiently circulate the refrigerant liquid circulated to the water-cooled engine in the heat exchanger. For this reason, the waste heat of the engine can be efficiently transmitted to the heat exchanger, and the assembled battery can be quickly warmed up.

さらにまた、本発明の請求項４のハイブリッドカーは、請求項１の構成に加えて、水冷エンジンの冷却水路とエンジンラジエータとの間に開閉弁を接続しており、この開閉弁とエンジンラジエータを直列に接続している冷却水路と、熱交換器とバイパス弁とを直列に接続している暖気水路とを並列に連結している。このハイブリッドカーは、開閉弁を閉弁して、水冷エンジンの冷却水路の冷媒液を、エンジンラジエータに循環することなく、暖気水路の熱交換器にのみ循環する。したがって、このハイブリッドカーは、エンジンの廃熱をエンジンラジエータで放熱することなく、熱交換器にのみ供給できるので、組電池の速やかに暖気できる。また、本発明の請求項５のハイブリッドカーは、開閉弁をサーモスタットとする。この構造は、エンジンを始動して冷媒液の温度が上昇しない状態において、冷媒液を熱交換器にのみ循環して、組電池を速やかに暖気する。   Furthermore, in the hybrid car according to claim 4 of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of claim 1, an on-off valve is connected between the cooling water passage of the water-cooled engine and the engine radiator, and the on-off valve and the engine radiator are connected. The cooling water channel connected in series and the warm air channel connecting the heat exchanger and the bypass valve in series are connected in parallel. In this hybrid car, the on-off valve is closed, and the coolant liquid in the cooling water passage of the water-cooled engine is circulated only to the heat exchanger in the warm air passage without being circulated to the engine radiator. Therefore, this hybrid car can supply only the heat exchanger without dissipating the waste heat of the engine with the engine radiator, so that the assembled battery can be warmed up quickly. In the hybrid car according to claim 5 of the present invention, the on-off valve is a thermostat. In this structure, in a state where the temperature of the refrigerant liquid does not rise when the engine is started, the refrigerant liquid is circulated only to the heat exchanger to quickly warm the assembled battery.

また、本発明の請求項６のハイブリッドカーは、請求項４の構成に加えて、水冷エンジンの冷却水路にサーモスタットを設けて、このサーモスタットの排出側に、開閉弁とエンジンラジエータを直列に連結している冷却水路と、バイパス弁と熱交換器を直列に連結している暖気水路を連結している。この構造によると、サーモスタットが開弁する状態で、開閉弁を閉弁して、冷却水路の冷媒液を熱交換器にのみ循環できる。したがって、この構造は、水冷エンジンの冷媒液を速やかに加温しながら、加温された冷媒液で組電池を速やかに加温して暖気できる。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the fourth aspect, a thermostat is provided in the cooling water passage of the water-cooled engine, and an on-off valve and an engine radiator are connected in series to the discharge side of the thermostat. And a warm air channel that connects the bypass valve and the heat exchanger in series. According to this structure, in a state where the thermostat is opened, the on-off valve is closed, and the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water channel can be circulated only to the heat exchanger. Therefore, this structure can warm the assembled battery quickly with the warmed refrigerant liquid while warming the refrigerant liquid of the water-cooled engine quickly.

また、本発明の請求項７のハイブリッドカーは、請求項１の構成に加えて、組電池の温度を検出する温度センサと、この温度センサが検出する組電池の温度でバイパス弁を制御する制御回路とを備え、組電池の温度が設定温度なると、制御回路がバイパス弁を閉弁するようにしている。この構造のハイブリッドカーは、組電池が暖気されると、熱交換器に水冷エンジンの冷媒液を循環させない。このため、水冷エンジンの冷媒液で組電池が加熱されることがなく、組電池を快適な温度まで暖気できる。   According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, the hybrid car includes a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the assembled battery, and a control that controls the bypass valve based on the temperature of the assembled battery detected by the temperature sensor. A circuit, and when the temperature of the assembled battery reaches a set temperature, the control circuit closes the bypass valve. In the hybrid car having this structure, when the assembled battery is warmed, the coolant liquid of the water-cooled engine is not circulated in the heat exchanger. For this reason, the assembled battery is not heated by the refrigerant liquid of the water-cooled engine, and the assembled battery can be warmed to a comfortable temperature.

以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するためのハイブリッドカーを例示するものであって、本発明はハイブリッドカーを以下のものに特定しない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below exemplifies a hybrid car for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the hybrid car as follows.

さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解しやすいように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲」および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。   Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

図１ないし図４に示すハイブリッドカーは、車両を走行させる水冷エンジン２及びモータ３と、このモータ３に電力を供給する組電池１と、水冷エンジン２を冷却するエンジンラジエータ４と、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａにバイパス弁５を介して連結されて水冷エンジン２に循環される冷媒液で組電池１を暖気する熱交換器６とを備える。   The hybrid car shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 includes a water-cooled engine 2 and a motor 3 that run the vehicle, a battery pack 1 that supplies electric power to the motor 3, an engine radiator 4 that cools the water-cooled engine 2, and a water-cooled engine 2. And a heat exchanger 6 that is connected to the cooling water passage 2a via a bypass valve 5 and warms the assembled battery 1 with a refrigerant liquid circulated to the water-cooled engine 2.

水冷エンジン２は、冷却のためのエンジンラジエータ４を備えている。エンジンラジエータ４は、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａにホース１０を介して連結される。エンジンラジエータ４と水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａには、冷媒液が循環され、この冷媒液を介してエンジンラジエータ４でエンジンを冷却する。水冷エンジン２は、冷媒液を強制的に循環するためのウォーターポンプ１１を備える。このウォーターポンプ１１は、エンジンのクランク軸にベルト駆動され、あるいはモータで駆動される。   The water-cooled engine 2 includes an engine radiator 4 for cooling. The engine radiator 4 is connected to the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 via a hose 10. Refrigerant liquid is circulated through the engine radiator 4 and the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2, and the engine radiator 4 cools the engine through this refrigerant liquid. The water-cooled engine 2 includes a water pump 11 for forcibly circulating the refrigerant liquid. The water pump 11 is driven by a belt on the crankshaft of the engine or is driven by a motor.

さらに、水冷エンジン２は、冷却水路２ａの排出側に、冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環するのを制御するサーモスタットからなる開閉弁９を連結している。図３のハイブリッドカーは、サーモスタットからなる開閉弁９と直列にさらに第２の開閉弁１９を連結している。このサーモスタットである開閉弁９は、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａの排出側にあって、冷媒液の温度が低いときに閉弁して、水冷エンジン２からエンジンラジエータ４に冷媒液が循環されるのを停止する。サーモスタットの開閉弁９は、冷媒液の温度が設定値よりも高くなると開弁する。この状態で、冷媒液は、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａとエンジンラジエータ４とに循環されて、エンジンの熱をエンジンラジエータ４から放熱して、水冷エンジン２を所定の温度に保持する。したがって、水冷エンジン２が運転される状態で、冷媒液は所定の温度、たとえば８０℃ないし９０℃に保持される。   Further, the water-cooled engine 2 is connected to the discharge side of the cooling water passage 2a with an on-off valve 9 comprising a thermostat for controlling the circulation of the refrigerant liquid to the engine radiator 4. In the hybrid car of FIG. 3, a second on-off valve 19 is further connected in series with an on-off valve 9 made of a thermostat. The on-off valve 9 as a thermostat is on the discharge side of the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 and is closed when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid is low, so that the refrigerant liquid is circulated from the water-cooled engine 2 to the engine radiator 4. To stop. The thermostat on-off valve 9 opens when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid becomes higher than a set value. In this state, the refrigerant liquid is circulated through the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 and the engine radiator 4, and the heat of the engine is radiated from the engine radiator 4 to keep the water-cooled engine 2 at a predetermined temperature. Therefore, the refrigerant liquid is maintained at a predetermined temperature, for example, 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. in a state where the water-cooled engine 2 is operated.

エンジンラジエータ４は、エンジンのクランク軸でベルト駆動され、あるいはモータで駆動される冷却ファン１２で強制的に冷却される。冷却ファン１２は、冷媒液の温度で回転状態がコントロールされて、冷媒液の温度を所定の温度範囲に保持する。水冷エンジンでベルト駆動される冷却ファンは、温度で連結状態がコントロールされる油圧クラッチ（図示せず）を介してクランク軸に連結される。この油圧クラッチは、温度が高くなると強く連結され、水冷エンジンのクランク軸とのスリップが少なくなって冷却ファンを高速で回転させる。温度が低くなると、連結が弱くなってスリップを多くして、冷却ファンの回転速度を低下させる。また、モータで駆動される冷却ファンは、冷媒液の温度を検出し、検出温度で冷却ファンの運転が制御される。この冷却ファンは、冷媒液の温度が高くなると運転され、あるいは回転速度が速くなり、冷媒液の温度が低くなると運転が停止され、あるいは回転速度が遅くなって、冷媒液を所定の温度に冷却する。   The engine radiator 4 is forcibly cooled by a cooling fan 12 driven by a belt by an engine crankshaft or driven by a motor. The rotation state of the cooling fan 12 is controlled by the temperature of the refrigerant liquid, and the temperature of the refrigerant liquid is maintained within a predetermined temperature range. A cooling fan driven by a belt in a water-cooled engine is connected to a crankshaft via a hydraulic clutch (not shown) whose connection state is controlled by temperature. This hydraulic clutch is strongly connected when the temperature rises, and the slip with the crankshaft of the water-cooled engine is reduced to rotate the cooling fan at a high speed. When the temperature is lowered, the connection is weakened, the slip is increased, and the rotation speed of the cooling fan is lowered. Further, the cooling fan driven by the motor detects the temperature of the refrigerant liquid, and the operation of the cooling fan is controlled by the detected temperature. The cooling fan is operated when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid increases, or the rotation speed is increased, and the operation is stopped when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid decreases, or the rotation speed is decreased, and the refrigerant liquid is cooled to a predetermined temperature. To do.

以上のように、水冷エンジン２は、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環して冷却し、さらにエンジンラジエータ４を強制送風して、さらに冷却する必要がある。それは、内燃機関であるエンジンの熱効率が５０％を超えることはなく、半分以上の熱エネルギーの放熱が運転に必須であるからである。熱エネルギーの放熱が十分でないと、オーバーヒートして好ましい状態で運転できなくなる。水冷エンジン２を運転して発生する大きな熱エネルギーは、冷媒液を介して外部に放熱される。水冷エンジン２が発生する大きな熱エネルギーを効率よく外部に放熱するために、相当量の冷媒液が使用される。この冷媒液は、水冷エンジン２をスタートして所定の温度、たとえば８０℃〜９０℃に保持される。このため、水冷エンジン２は、多量の冷媒液が８０℃〜９０℃と高い温度に保持される。したがって、水冷エンジン２を停止した後、冷媒液には極めて大きい熱エネルギーが蓄えられる。冷媒液に蓄えられる大きな熱エネルギーは、組電池１の加温に利用して、組電池１の速やかな暖気に利用できる。   As described above, the water-cooled engine 2 needs to be further cooled by circulating the coolant in the cooling water passage 2a to the engine radiator 4 to cool it, and forcibly blowing the engine radiator 4. This is because the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine does not exceed 50%, and heat dissipation of more than half of the heat energy is essential for operation. If the heat energy is not sufficiently dissipated, it will overheat and be unable to operate in a favorable state. Large heat energy generated by operating the water-cooled engine 2 is radiated to the outside through the refrigerant liquid. In order to efficiently dissipate large heat energy generated by the water-cooled engine 2 to the outside, a considerable amount of refrigerant liquid is used. The refrigerant liquid is maintained at a predetermined temperature, for example, 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. by starting the water-cooled engine 2. For this reason, in the water-cooled engine 2, a large amount of refrigerant liquid is maintained at a high temperature of 80 ° C to 90 ° C. Therefore, after the water-cooled engine 2 is stopped, extremely large heat energy is stored in the refrigerant liquid. The large heat energy stored in the refrigerant liquid can be used for warming up the assembled battery 1 by heating the assembled battery 1.

また、水冷エンジン２が始動された直後には、サーモスタットの開閉弁９が閉弁され、また冷却ファン１２の運転が停止ないしは低速回転される。この状態で冷媒液はエンジンラジエータ４に循環されず、また冷却ファン１２で強制冷却されることもない。したがってエンジンの発熱は、水冷エンジン２内にある冷媒液の加温に使用されて、冷媒液を速やかに設定温度に温度上昇させる。水冷エンジン２の発生熱量が大きく、加温される冷媒液量が少なく、しかも、冷却ファン１２で強制冷却されないことから、冷媒液の温度は速やかに上昇する。本発明は、エンジンを始動して速やかに温度上昇する冷媒液で組電池１を加温して、組電池１を速やかに暖気する。   Immediately after the water cooling engine 2 is started, the thermostat on / off valve 9 is closed, and the operation of the cooling fan 12 is stopped or rotated at a low speed. In this state, the refrigerant liquid is not circulated to the engine radiator 4 and is not forcibly cooled by the cooling fan 12. Therefore, the heat generated by the engine is used for heating the refrigerant liquid in the water-cooled engine 2 to quickly raise the temperature of the refrigerant liquid to the set temperature. The amount of heat generated by the water-cooled engine 2 is large, the amount of refrigerant liquid to be heated is small, and since the cooling fan 12 does not forcibly cool, the temperature of the refrigerant liquid rises quickly. The present invention warms the assembled battery 1 quickly by starting the engine and warming the assembled battery 1 with the refrigerant liquid that quickly rises in temperature.

冷媒液で組電池１を加温するための熱交換器６を備えている。熱交換器６は、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａにバイパス弁５を介して連結される。熱交換器６は、バイパス弁５を介してエンジンラジエータ４と並列に接続される。熱交換器６は、組電池１に熱結合されて、組電池１を加温する。   A heat exchanger 6 for heating the assembled battery 1 with the refrigerant liquid is provided. The heat exchanger 6 is connected to the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 via the bypass valve 5. The heat exchanger 6 is connected in parallel with the engine radiator 4 via the bypass valve 5. The heat exchanger 6 is thermally coupled to the assembled battery 1 to heat the assembled battery 1.

図５は、組電池１に熱結合される熱交換器２６の一例を示す。この熱交換器２６は、組電池１を収納している防水ケース２１と、この防水ケース２１内にあって、組電池１と冷媒液とを防水構造に区画する防水シート２２を備える。防水シート２２は、冷媒液を透過させないが、熱伝導できるシート、たとえばプラスチックシートである。図の熱交換器２６は、防水シート２２を組電池１の表面に沿う凹凸形状として、その防水シート２２内に冷媒液を充填している。冷媒液は、防水シート２２介して組電池１に熱伝導して、組電池１を加温、すなわち暖気する。この構造の熱交換器２６は、防水シート２２で組電池１を冷媒液から隔離して絶縁するので、冷媒液に導電性のある液体を使用できる。   FIG. 5 shows an example of the heat exchanger 26 that is thermally coupled to the assembled battery 1. The heat exchanger 26 includes a waterproof case 21 that houses the assembled battery 1 and a waterproof sheet 22 that is in the waterproof case 21 and partitions the assembled battery 1 and the refrigerant liquid into a waterproof structure. The waterproof sheet 22 is a sheet that does not allow the refrigerant liquid to pass therethrough but can conduct heat, for example, a plastic sheet. In the illustrated heat exchanger 26, the waterproof sheet 22 is formed in an uneven shape along the surface of the assembled battery 1, and the waterproof sheet 22 is filled with a refrigerant liquid. The refrigerant liquid conducts heat to the assembled battery 1 through the waterproof sheet 22 and heats the assembled battery 1, that is, warms it up. Since the heat exchanger 26 having this structure isolates and insulates the assembled battery 1 from the refrigerant liquid with the waterproof sheet 22, a conductive liquid can be used for the refrigerant liquid.

図６と図７は、組電池３１、４１のケース３２、４２内に、空気を介して組電池３１、４１を加温する熱交換器３６、４６を配設している。これ等の図の熱交換器３６、４６は、空気を強制送風する循環ファン３３、４３を備えている。熱交換器３６、４６は冷媒液を循環させる熱交換パイプ３４、４４に多数の放熱フィン３５、４５を固定している。循環ファン３３、４３は、放熱フィン３５、４５に強制送風して空気を加温し、加温された空気を組電池１に循環して組電池１を加温する。   6 and 7, heat exchangers 36 and 46 that heat the assembled batteries 31 and 41 via air are disposed in the cases 32 and 42 of the assembled batteries 31 and 41. The heat exchangers 36 and 46 in these drawings include circulation fans 33 and 43 for forcibly blowing air. The heat exchangers 36 and 46 have a large number of heat radiation fins 35 and 45 fixed to heat exchange pipes 34 and 44 that circulate the refrigerant liquid. Circulation fans 33 and 43 forcibly blow air to radiating fins 35 and 45 to heat the air and circulate the heated air to battery assembly 1 to heat battery assembly 1.

図６は、熱交換器３６で組電池３１を加温し、外気で組電池１を冷却する構造を示している。したがって、この組電池３１のケース３２は、循環ファン３３の吸入側と排出側に連結している空気ダクト３７に切換弁３８を設けている。切換弁３８は、熱交換器３６で組電池３１を加温する状態にあっては、図の実線で示すように、ケース３２内に空気を循環させる位置に切り換えられる。この状態で循環ファン３３が運転されると、ケース３２内に空気が循環されて、熱交換器３６で組電池３１を加温できる。また、組電池３１を外気で冷却する状態にあっては、図の鎖線で示すように、切換弁３８の位置を切り換え、循環ファン３３の吸入側と排出側の空気ダクト３７をケース３２の外部に連結する。この状態で循環ファン３３が運転されると、循環ファン３３は外気を吸入して組電池１を冷却し、組電池１を冷却して温度が上昇した空気をケース３２の外部に排気する。   FIG. 6 shows a structure in which the assembled battery 31 is heated by the heat exchanger 36 and the assembled battery 1 is cooled by the outside air. Therefore, the case 32 of the assembled battery 31 is provided with a switching valve 38 in the air duct 37 connected to the suction side and the discharge side of the circulation fan 33. When the assembled battery 31 is heated by the heat exchanger 36, the switching valve 38 is switched to a position where air is circulated in the case 32 as shown by the solid line in the figure. When the circulation fan 33 is operated in this state, air is circulated in the case 32, and the assembled battery 31 can be heated by the heat exchanger 36. When the battery pack 31 is cooled by outside air, the position of the switching valve 38 is switched as shown by the chain line in the figure, and the air duct 37 on the suction side and the discharge side of the circulation fan 33 is connected to the outside of the case 32. Connect to When the circulation fan 33 is operated in this state, the circulation fan 33 sucks outside air to cool the assembled battery 1, cools the assembled battery 1, and exhausts air whose temperature has risen to the outside of the case 32.

図７は、熱交換器４６に加温された冷媒液を循環させて組電池４１を加温、すなわち暖気し、熱交換器４６に循環する冷媒液をバッテリラジエータで冷却して組電池１を冷却する。したがって、この構造は、ケース４２内で循環される空気の通路に熱交換器４６が配設される。   FIG. 7 shows the assembled battery 1 by circulating the refrigerant liquid heated in the heat exchanger 46 to warm the assembled battery 41, that is, warming the air, and cooling the refrigerant liquid circulating in the heat exchanger 46 with a battery radiator. Cooling. Therefore, in this structure, the heat exchanger 46 is disposed in the air passage circulated in the case 42.

ただし、本発明は、熱交換器を、図５ないし図７の構造には特定しない。組電池を加温する熱交換器は、冷媒液と組電池を熱結合状態として、冷媒液で組電池を加温できる全ての構造にできる。   However, the present invention does not specify the heat exchanger in the structure shown in FIGS. The heat exchanger that heats the assembled battery can have any structure that can heat the assembled battery with the refrigerant liquid by bringing the refrigerant liquid and the assembled battery into a thermally coupled state.

熱交換器６は、バイパス弁５を開弁して冷媒液を循環させる。熱交換器６は、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａに循環される冷媒液を循環させて、水冷エンジン２の発熱で加温される。また、エンジンラジエータ４に蓄えられる冷媒液を循環させて、エンジンラジエータ４に蓄熱される熱エネルギーで加温される。図１ないし図４に示すハイブリッドカーは、熱交換器６に冷媒液を循環させる循環ポンプ１３を連結している。循環ポンプ１３は熱交換器６と直列に接続されて、エンジンラジエータ４の冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環させる。   The heat exchanger 6 opens the bypass valve 5 to circulate the refrigerant liquid. The heat exchanger 6 circulates the refrigerant liquid circulated through the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 and is heated by the heat generated by the water-cooled engine 2. Further, the refrigerant liquid stored in the engine radiator 4 is circulated and heated by the thermal energy stored in the engine radiator 4. The hybrid car shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is connected to a circulation pump 13 that circulates a refrigerant liquid in the heat exchanger 6. The circulation pump 13 is connected in series with the heat exchanger 6 to circulate the refrigerant liquid of the engine radiator 4 to the heat exchanger 6.

さらに、ハイブリッドカーは、熱交換器６に循環ポンプ１３を介してバッテリラジエータ１４を連結している。すなわち、熱交換器６と循環ポンプ１３とバッテリラジエータ１４とで循環ループができるように連結している。バッテリラジエータ１４は、これに強制送風して冷却するための送風ファン１５を備える。送風ファン１５は、制御回路１６で運転が制御される。制御回路１６は、組電池１の温度と冷媒液の温度を検出して送風ファン１５の運転を制御する。制御回路１６は、組電池１の温度が冷却温度まで上昇し、かつ冷媒液の温度が組電池１を冷却できない温度に上昇すると、送風ファン１５を運転する。   Further, in the hybrid car, a battery radiator 14 is connected to the heat exchanger 6 via a circulation pump 13. That is, the heat exchanger 6, the circulation pump 13, and the battery radiator 14 are connected so as to form a circulation loop. The battery radiator 14 includes a blower fan 15 for forcibly blowing and cooling the battery radiator 14. The operation of the blower fan 15 is controlled by the control circuit 16. The control circuit 16 controls the operation of the blower fan 15 by detecting the temperature of the assembled battery 1 and the temperature of the refrigerant liquid. When the temperature of the assembled battery 1 rises to the cooling temperature and the temperature of the refrigerant liquid rises to a temperature at which the assembled battery 1 cannot be cooled, the control circuit 16 operates the blower fan 15.

このハイブリッドカーは、循環ポンプ１３で熱交換器６の冷媒液をバッテリラジエータ１４に循環して、バッテリラジエータ１４で組電池１を強制的に冷却できる。すなわち、組電池１を加温して暖気するための熱交換器６を、組電池１の冷却にも併用できる。このハイブリッドカーは、エンジンを始動した直後は、熱交換器６で組電池１を速やかに快適加温して暖気し、組電池１が発熱して快適温度よりも高くなると、熱交換器６で組電池１を冷却して、快適温度に保持できる。組電池１を加温する熱交換器６は、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａやエンジンラジエータ４に冷媒液を循環し、組電池１を冷却する熱交換器６は、バッテリラジエータ１４に冷媒液を循環させる。   In this hybrid car, the refrigerant liquid in the heat exchanger 6 is circulated to the battery radiator 14 by the circulation pump 13, and the assembled battery 1 can be forcibly cooled by the battery radiator 14. That is, the heat exchanger 6 for heating and warming the assembled battery 1 can also be used for cooling the assembled battery 1. In this hybrid car, immediately after starting the engine, the assembled battery 1 is quickly warmed comfortably by the heat exchanger 6 and warms up. When the assembled battery 1 generates heat and becomes higher than the comfortable temperature, the heat exchanger 6 The assembled battery 1 can be cooled and kept at a comfortable temperature. The heat exchanger 6 for heating the assembled battery 1 circulates the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 and the engine radiator 4, and the heat exchanger 6 for cooling the assembled battery 1 supplies the refrigerant liquid to the battery radiator 14. Circulate.

水冷エンジン２は、冷却水路２ａに冷媒液を循環させるウォーターポンプ１１を備えている。したがって、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａの冷媒液は、循環ポンプ１３を使用することなく、熱交換器６に循環できる。ウォーターポンプ１１でもって、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環できるからである。したがって、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａの冷媒液のみを熱交換器６に循環するハイブリッドカーにあっては、必ずしも循環ポンプを必要としない。ただ、循環ポンプ１３を設けて、ウォーターポンプ１１と循環ポンプ１３の両方で、エンジンラジエータ４よりも多量の冷媒液を効率よく熱交換器６に循環して、組電池１を速やかに加温することもできる。   The water-cooled engine 2 includes a water pump 11 that circulates the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a. Therefore, the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 can be circulated to the heat exchanger 6 without using the circulation pump 13. This is because the coolant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a can be circulated to the heat exchanger 6 with the water pump 11. Therefore, in a hybrid car that circulates only the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 to the heat exchanger 6, a circulation pump is not necessarily required. However, a circulation pump 13 is provided, and both the water pump 11 and the circulation pump 13 efficiently circulate a larger amount of refrigerant liquid than the engine radiator 4 to the heat exchanger 6 to quickly heat the assembled battery 1. You can also.

ハイブリッドカーは、水冷エンジン２を冷却する冷却水路７、２７と、組電池１を暖気する暖気水路８とを並列に連結している。図１と図２のハイブリッドカーは、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａとエンジンラジエータ４との間にサーモスタットの開閉弁９を接続して、この開閉弁９とエンジンラジエータ４を直列に連結して冷却水路７としている。また、熱交換器６とバイパス弁５とを直列に連結して暖気水路８としている。このハイブリッドカーは、エンジンを始動して組電池１を速やかに加温できる。エンジン始動時に、サーモスタットの開閉弁９が閉弁して、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環することなく、熱交換器６にのみ循環して組電池１を加温するからである。   In the hybrid car, cooling water channels 7 and 27 for cooling the water-cooled engine 2 and a warm air channel 8 for warming the assembled battery 1 are connected in parallel. The hybrid car shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a thermostat on / off valve 9 connected between the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 and the engine radiator 4, and the on-off valve 9 and the engine radiator 4 are connected in series for cooling. The waterway is 7. Further, the heat exchanger 6 and the bypass valve 5 are connected in series to form a warm air channel 8. This hybrid car can quickly warm the assembled battery 1 by starting the engine. This is because, when the engine is started, the opening / closing valve 9 of the thermostat is closed, and the assembled liquid 1 is heated only by circulating to the heat exchanger 6 without circulating the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a to the engine radiator 4. .

さらに、図１と図２のハイブリッドカーは、サーモスタットである開閉弁９の流入側に暖気水路８を連結しているので、サーモスタットが閉弁される状態で、バイパス弁５で冷却水路２ａの冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環させる状態をコントロールできる。バイパス弁５を開弁して、エンジンを始動した直後から、エンジンの廃熱で熱交換器６を加温して、組電池１を速やかに快適温度まで暖気できる。さらに、このハイブリッドカーは、バイパス弁５の開閉を冷媒液の温度でコントロールして、エンジンを速やかに暖気しながら、組電池１をエンジンの廃熱で加温して暖気することもできる。たとえば、エンジンを始動して冷媒液の温度が非常に低い状態では、バイパス弁５を閉弁して冷却水路２ａの冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環しない状態として、エンジンを速やかに暖気する。その後、エンジンの温度が、サーモスタットの開閉弁９を開弁する温度までは上昇しないが、排気ガスを設定値よりも清澄な状態にできるタイミングになると、バイパス弁５を開いて冷却水路２ａの冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環させる。この状態は、冷媒液がエンジンラジエータ４には循環されないが、熱交換器６には循環されて組電池１を加温して暖気する。冷媒液がさらに温度上昇すると、開閉弁９が開弁されて、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液を熱交換器６とエンジンラジエータ４の両方に循環させる。組電池１が設定温度まで加温されると、バイパス弁５を閉弁して組電池１の暖気を終了する。   Further, in the hybrid car of FIGS. 1 and 2, the warm air water passage 8 is connected to the inflow side of the on-off valve 9 which is a thermostat, so that the refrigerant in the cooling water passage 2a is bypassed by the bypass valve 5 in a state where the thermostat is closed. The state in which the liquid is circulated through the heat exchanger 6 can be controlled. Immediately after the bypass valve 5 is opened and the engine is started, the heat exchanger 6 is heated with the waste heat of the engine, and the assembled battery 1 can be quickly warmed to a comfortable temperature. Furthermore, this hybrid car can also control the opening and closing of the bypass valve 5 with the temperature of the refrigerant liquid to warm up the assembled battery 1 with the waste heat of the engine while warming up the engine quickly. For example, when the engine is started and the temperature of the refrigerant liquid is very low, the bypass valve 5 is closed and the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a is not circulated to the heat exchanger 6 so that the engine is quickly warmed up. Thereafter, the temperature of the engine does not rise to the temperature at which the thermostat on / off valve 9 is opened, but when the timing at which the exhaust gas becomes clearer than the set value is reached, the bypass valve 5 is opened and the refrigerant in the cooling water passage 2a is opened. The liquid is circulated through the heat exchanger 6. In this state, the refrigerant liquid is not circulated through the engine radiator 4 but is circulated through the heat exchanger 6 to heat the assembled battery 1 and warm it up. When the temperature of the refrigerant liquid further rises, the on-off valve 9 is opened, and the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a is circulated through both the heat exchanger 6 and the engine radiator 4. When the assembled battery 1 is heated to the set temperature, the bypass valve 5 is closed and the warming of the assembled battery 1 is terminated.

図３と図４のハイブリッドカーは、水冷エンジン２の排出側に、サーモスタットからなる開閉弁９を介して第２の開閉弁１９を連結している。このハイブリッドカーは、サーモスタットの開閉弁９と第２の開閉弁１９を直列に連結している。この構造は、第２の開閉弁１９とエンジンラジエータ４とを直列に連結して冷却水路２７としている。この冷却水路２７には、暖気水路８が並列に連結される。この構造は、エンジンを始動して、冷却水路２ａに循環される冷媒液の温度を速やかに加温できる。すなわち、エンジンを速やかに暖気できる。冷却水路２ａの冷媒液の温度が低い状態で、サーモスタットである開閉弁９が閉弁して、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４と熱交換器６の両方に循環させないからである。   The hybrid car of FIGS. 3 and 4 has a second on-off valve 19 connected to the discharge side of the water-cooled engine 2 via an on-off valve 9 made of a thermostat. In this hybrid car, a thermostat on-off valve 9 and a second on-off valve 19 are connected in series. In this structure, the second on-off valve 19 and the engine radiator 4 are connected in series to form a cooling water passage 27. A warm air channel 8 is connected to the cooling channel 27 in parallel. With this structure, the engine can be started and the temperature of the refrigerant liquid circulated through the cooling water passage 2a can be quickly heated. That is, the engine can be quickly warmed up. This is because the on / off valve 9 serving as a thermostat is closed while the temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a is low, and the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a is not circulated through both the engine radiator 4 and the heat exchanger 6.

図３と図４のハイブリッドカーは、バイパス弁５と第２の開閉弁１９を開弁し、循環ポンプ１３を運転して、エンジンラジエータ４の冷媒液に蓄熱される冷媒液の熱エネルギーで熱交換器６を加温できる。エンジンラジエータ４に蓄えられる冷媒液は、大きな熱エネルギーを蓄熱している。したがって、エンジンを停止した後は、ゆっくりと温度が低下する。エンジンを停止して、次に始動するときに、エンジンラジエータ４の冷媒液の温度が設定温度よりも高く、相当な熱エネルギーが蓄熱されていると、エンジンラジエータ４の冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環して組電池１を加温できる。   The hybrid car shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 opens the bypass valve 5 and the second on-off valve 19, operates the circulation pump 13, and is heated by the heat energy of the refrigerant liquid stored in the refrigerant liquid of the engine radiator 4. The exchanger 6 can be heated. The refrigerant liquid stored in the engine radiator 4 stores large heat energy. Therefore, after the engine is stopped, the temperature slowly decreases. When the engine is stopped and then started, if the temperature of the refrigerant liquid of the engine radiator 4 is higher than the set temperature and a considerable amount of heat energy is stored, the refrigerant liquid of the engine radiator 4 is transferred to the heat exchanger 6. The assembled battery 1 can be heated by circulation.

さらに、図３と図４のハイブリッドカーは、第２の開閉弁１９を閉弁して、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環することなく熱交換器６にのみ循環できる。とくに、このハイブリッドカーは、サーモスタットの開閉弁９が開弁される状態において、第２の開閉弁１９で、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環させる状態をコントロールできる。すなわち、サーモスタットの開閉弁９が開弁する状態で、第２の開閉弁１９を閉弁すると、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液を熱交換器６にのみ循環できる。したがって、寒冷地においては、サーモスタットの開閉弁９が開弁した後も、第２の開閉弁１９を閉弁して、水冷エンジン２の廃熱を熱交換器６にのみ供給して、組電池１を効率よく加温して速やかに暖気できる。   Furthermore, the hybrid car of FIGS. 3 and 4 can circulate only to the heat exchanger 6 without closing the second on-off valve 19 and circulating the coolant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a to the engine radiator 4. In particular, this hybrid car can control the state in which the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a is circulated to the heat exchanger 6 by the second on-off valve 19 in a state where the on-off valve 9 of the thermostat is opened. That is, when the second on-off valve 19 is closed while the thermostat on-off valve 9 is open, the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a can be circulated only to the heat exchanger 6. Therefore, in a cold region, even after the thermostat on-off valve 9 is opened, the second on-off valve 19 is closed to supply the waste heat of the water-cooled engine 2 only to the heat exchanger 6, and the assembled battery 1 can be warmed efficiently to quickly warm up.

図２と図４のハイブリッドカーは、バイパス弁５と第２の開閉弁９をコントロールする制御回路１６を備える。制御回路１６は、冷媒液の温度を検出する冷媒液温度センサ１８と、組電池１の温度を検出する組電池温度センサ１７とを備える。制御回路１６は、冷媒液の温度と組電池１の温度を検出して、バイパス弁５をコントロールする。さらに、図の制御回路１６は、送風ファン１５と循環ポンプ１３のモータを制御している。   The hybrid car shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 includes a control circuit 16 that controls the bypass valve 5 and the second on-off valve 9. The control circuit 16 includes a refrigerant liquid temperature sensor 18 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant liquid, and an assembled battery temperature sensor 17 that detects the temperature of the assembled battery 1. The control circuit 16 detects the temperature of the refrigerant liquid and the temperature of the assembled battery 1 and controls the bypass valve 5. Furthermore, the control circuit 16 in the figure controls the blower fan 15 and the motor of the circulation pump 13.

図１と図２のハイブリッドカーは、図８ないし図１２に示すように以下の動作をして、寒冷地においてエンジンを始動した後に、組電池１を暖気する。   The hybrid car of FIGS. 1 and 2 performs the following operation as shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, and warms up the assembled battery 1 after starting the engine in a cold region.

［始動した水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａにおける冷媒液の温度が極低温の状態］
この状態で水冷エンジン２が始動されると、サーモスタットの開閉弁９は閉弁している。サーモスタットの開閉弁９は、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液の温度を検出して閉弁される。閉弁する開閉弁９は、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環させない。図８に示すように、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａは、サーモスタットの開閉弁９を閉弁する状態で、冷媒液の一部をバイパスさせる構造としている。したがって、冷媒液はウォーターポンプ１１でもって、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａの内部で循環される。閉弁するサーモスタットの開閉弁９は、エンジンラジエータ４と熱交換器６の両方に冷媒液を循環せず、冷却水路２ａの内部でのみ循環させる。制御回路１６は、冷媒液の温度が低い状態を検出して、バイパス弁５を閉弁する。
その後、エンジンの廃熱で冷媒液の温度が上昇して、冷媒液が組電池１を加温できる温度まで上昇し、あるいはエンジンが暖気されて排気ガスが清澄な状態になると、制御回路１６がこのことを検出して、図９に示すように、バイパス弁５を開弁して、冷媒液を暖気水路８の熱交換器６に循環させる。この状態で熱交換器６を介して組電池１が加温される。 [State of refrigerant liquid in cooling water passage 2a of started water-cooled engine 2 at extremely low temperature]
When the water-cooled engine 2 is started in this state, the thermostat on-off valve 9 is closed. The open / close valve 9 of the thermostat is closed by detecting the temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a. The on-off valve 9 that closes does not circulate the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a to the engine radiator 4. As shown in FIG. 8, the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 has a structure in which a part of the refrigerant liquid is bypassed while the on-off valve 9 of the thermostat is closed. Therefore, the refrigerant liquid is circulated in the cooling water passage 2 a of the water-cooled engine 2 by the water pump 11. The open / close valve 9 of the thermostat that closes does not circulate the refrigerant liquid to both the engine radiator 4 and the heat exchanger 6 but circulates only inside the cooling water passage 2a. The control circuit 16 detects a state where the temperature of the refrigerant liquid is low and closes the bypass valve 5.
Thereafter, when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid rises due to the waste heat of the engine and the refrigerant liquid rises to a temperature at which the assembled battery 1 can be heated, or when the engine is warmed and the exhaust gas is in a clear state, the control circuit 16 This is detected, and as shown in FIG. 9, the bypass valve 5 is opened to circulate the refrigerant liquid to the heat exchanger 6 in the warm air channel 8. In this state, the assembled battery 1 is heated via the heat exchanger 6.

［冷媒液が加温されてサーモスタットの開閉弁９が開弁する状態］
さらに冷媒液の温度が上昇すると、サーモスタットの開閉弁９が開弁される。制御回路１６は、冷媒液の温度を検出してバイパス弁５を開弁しているので、冷媒液は、図１０に示すように、冷却水路７と暖気水路８の両方に分流される。したがって、冷媒液は、暖気水路８の熱交換器６と、冷却水路７のエンジンラジエータ４の両方に循環される。エンジンラジエータ４は、循環させる冷媒液を冷却し、熱交換器６は冷媒液に加温された組電池１を暖気する。 [The state in which the on / off valve 9 of the thermostat opens when the refrigerant liquid is heated]
When the temperature of the refrigerant liquid further increases, the thermostat on / off valve 9 is opened. Since the control circuit 16 detects the temperature of the refrigerant liquid and opens the bypass valve 5, the refrigerant liquid is divided into both the cooling water passage 7 and the warm air water passage 8 as shown in FIG. 10. Therefore, the refrigerant liquid is circulated through both the heat exchanger 6 in the warm air channel 8 and the engine radiator 4 in the cooling channel 7. The engine radiator 4 cools the refrigerant liquid to be circulated, and the heat exchanger 6 warms the assembled battery 1 heated by the refrigerant liquid.

［組電池１が加温されて暖気が終了する状態］
組電池１の暖気が終了すると、バイパス弁５が閉弁される。バイパス弁５は、制御回路１６で開閉される。したがって、制御回路１６は、組電池１の温度を検出して、組電池１の温度が設定温度まで上昇して暖気が終了したことを検出すると、バイパス弁５を閉弁する。この状態では、冷媒液は、図１１に示すように、冷却水路７のエンジンラジエータ４にのみ循環される。 [State in which the assembled battery 1 is heated and the warming is finished]
When warming up of the assembled battery 1 ends, the bypass valve 5 is closed. The bypass valve 5 is opened and closed by the control circuit 16. Therefore, the control circuit 16 detects the temperature of the assembled battery 1 and closes the bypass valve 5 when detecting that the temperature of the assembled battery 1 has risen to the set temperature and the warming has ended. In this state, the refrigerant liquid is circulated only to the engine radiator 4 in the cooling water passage 7 as shown in FIG.

［組電池１の温度が上昇する状態］
組電池１が充放電されて温度が高くなり、冷却温度まで上昇すると、制御回路１６は組電池１の温度を検出して循環ポンプ１３を運転して、図１２に示すように、熱交換器６の冷媒液をバッテリラジエータ１４に循環させる。バッテリラジエータ１４は冷媒液を冷却し、この冷媒液は熱交換器６を介して組電池１を冷却する。組電池１の温度が冷却温度よりも低くなると、循環ポンプ１３の運転が停止される。循環ポンプ１３が運転される状態で、冷媒液の温度が組電池１を冷却できない高い温度にあると、制御回路１６は送風ファン１５を運転して、バッテリラジエータ１４に送風して強制冷却する。この状態は、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環してエンジンを設定温度に冷却し、また、熱交換器６の冷媒液をバッテリラジエータ１４に循環して、組電池１を設定温度に冷却する。 [State in which the temperature of the assembled battery 1 rises]
When the assembled battery 1 is charged / discharged and the temperature rises and rises to the cooling temperature, the control circuit 16 detects the temperature of the assembled battery 1 and operates the circulation pump 13, as shown in FIG. 6 refrigerant liquid is circulated through the battery radiator 14. The battery radiator 14 cools the refrigerant liquid, and the refrigerant liquid cools the assembled battery 1 via the heat exchanger 6. When the temperature of the assembled battery 1 becomes lower than the cooling temperature, the operation of the circulation pump 13 is stopped. When the circulating pump 13 is operated and the temperature of the refrigerant liquid is at a high temperature at which the assembled battery 1 cannot be cooled, the control circuit 16 operates the blower fan 15 to send air to the battery radiator 14 and forcibly cool it. In this state, the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water channel 2a is circulated to the engine radiator 4 to cool the engine to a set temperature, and the refrigerant liquid in the heat exchanger 6 is circulated to the battery radiator 14 to set the assembled battery 1 to the set temperature. Cool down.

さらに、図３と図４のハイブリッドカーは、図１３ないし図１８に示すように以下の動作をして、寒冷地においてエンジンを始動した後に、組電池１を暖気する。   Further, the hybrid car of FIGS. 3 and 4 performs the following operation as shown in FIGS. 13 to 18, and warms up the assembled battery 1 after starting the engine in a cold region.

［始動した水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａにおける冷媒液の温度が極低温の状態］
この状態において、制御回路１６は、エンジンの温度を検出して第２の開閉弁１９とバイパス弁５を閉弁している。水冷エンジン２が始動されると、サーモスタットの開閉弁９は閉弁している。サーモスタットの開閉弁９は、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液の温度を検出して閉弁している。閉弁する開閉弁９は、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環させない。したがって、冷媒液は、図１３に示すように、ウォーターポンプ１１でもって、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａの内部で循環される。閉弁するサーモスタットの開閉弁９は、エンジンラジエータ４と熱交換器６の両方に冷媒液を循環せず、冷却水路２ａの内部でのみ循環させる。制御回路１６は、冷媒液の温度が低い状態を検出して、バイパス弁５を閉弁している。 [State of refrigerant liquid in cooling water passage 2a of started water-cooled engine 2 at extremely low temperature]
In this state, the control circuit 16 detects the temperature of the engine and closes the second on-off valve 19 and the bypass valve 5. When the water-cooled engine 2 is started, the thermostat on-off valve 9 is closed. The thermostat on / off valve 9 is closed by detecting the temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a. The on-off valve 9 that closes does not circulate the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2 a to the engine radiator 4. Accordingly, the refrigerant liquid is circulated inside the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 by the water pump 11, as shown in FIG. The open / close valve 9 of the thermostat that closes does not circulate the refrigerant liquid to both the engine radiator 4 and the heat exchanger 6 but circulates only inside the cooling water passage 2a. The control circuit 16 detects a state where the temperature of the refrigerant liquid is low and closes the bypass valve 5.

さらに、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液の温度が、サーモスタットの開閉弁９を開弁する温度まで上昇されない状態において、エンジンラジエータ４に蓄えられる冷媒液の温度が設定温度よりも高い場合には、制御回路１６は、バイパス弁５と第２の開閉弁１９を開弁し、循環ポンプ１３を運転する。この状態で、エンジンラジエータ４に蓄えられる冷媒液は、図１４に示すように、冷却水路２ａには循環されず、暖気水路８に循環されて熱交換器６を加温し、熱交換器６が組電池１を加温する。エンジンラジエータ４に蓄えられる冷媒液は、大きな熱エネルギーを蓄熱している。したがって、エンジンラジエータ４の冷媒液の温度が組電池１を加温できる温度よりも高い状態では、エンジンラジエータ４の冷媒液を熱交換器６に循環して組電池１を効率よく加温できる。この制御は、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａ内の冷媒液の温度が、組電池１を加温できる温度まで上昇していない状態であっても、極めて有効に組電池１を加温できる。なお、この制御は、エンジンが始動される前に行うことも可能である。   Further, when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the engine radiator 4 is higher than the set temperature in a state where the temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a is not raised to a temperature at which the thermostat on / off valve 9 is opened, a control circuit 16 opens the bypass valve 5 and the second on-off valve 19 and operates the circulation pump 13. In this state, as shown in FIG. 14, the refrigerant liquid stored in the engine radiator 4 is not circulated through the cooling water passage 2 a but is circulated through the warm air water passage 8 to heat the heat exchanger 6. Warms the assembled battery 1. The refrigerant liquid stored in the engine radiator 4 stores large heat energy. Therefore, in a state where the temperature of the refrigerant liquid of the engine radiator 4 is higher than the temperature at which the assembled battery 1 can be heated, the refrigerant liquid of the engine radiator 4 is circulated to the heat exchanger 6 so that the assembled battery 1 can be efficiently heated. This control can heat the assembled battery 1 very effectively even when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2 does not rise to a temperature at which the assembled battery 1 can be heated. This control can also be performed before the engine is started.

［冷媒液が加温されてサーモスタットの開閉弁９が開弁する状態］
その後、エンジンの廃熱で冷媒液の温度が上昇してサーモスタットの開閉弁９が開弁される。この状態で、制御回路１６は第２の開閉弁１９を閉弁して、バイパス弁５を開弁する。冷媒液は、図１５に示すように、冷却水路２７には循環されず、暖気水路８にのみ循環される。暖気水路８に循環される冷媒液は、熱交換器６を加温し、熱交換器６が組電池１を加温する。
この状態で、冷媒液の温度がさらに高くなって、エンジンがオーバーヒートする状態になると、図１６に示すように、第２の開閉弁１９を開弁して、冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４で冷却しながら組電池１を加温する。第２の開閉弁１９は、たとえば冷媒液の温度を８０℃〜９０℃に保持するように制御される。組電池１の暖気が終了すると、図１７に示すように、バイパス弁５を閉弁し、第２の開閉弁１９を開弁状態に保持する。この状態で、冷媒液は熱交換器６を加温することなく、バッテリラジエータ４で冷却されて所定の温度に保持される。 [The state in which the on / off valve 9 of the thermostat opens when the refrigerant liquid is heated]
Thereafter, the temperature of the refrigerant liquid rises due to the waste heat of the engine, and the on / off valve 9 of the thermostat is opened. In this state, the control circuit 16 closes the second on-off valve 19 and opens the bypass valve 5. As shown in FIG. 15, the refrigerant liquid is not circulated through the cooling water passage 27 but is circulated only through the warm air water passage 8. The refrigerant liquid circulated through the warm air channel 8 heats the heat exchanger 6, and the heat exchanger 6 warms the assembled battery 1.
In this state, when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid further increases and the engine is overheated, the second on-off valve 19 is opened and the refrigerant liquid is cooled by the engine radiator 4 as shown in FIG. While heating the battery pack 1. The second on-off valve 19 is controlled, for example, so as to maintain the temperature of the refrigerant liquid at 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. When warming of the assembled battery 1 is completed, as shown in FIG. 17, the bypass valve 5 is closed and the second on-off valve 19 is held in the open state. In this state, the refrigerant liquid is cooled by the battery radiator 4 and is kept at a predetermined temperature without heating the heat exchanger 6.

［組電池１の温度が上昇する状態］
組電池１が充放電されて温度が高くなり、冷却温度まで上昇すると、制御回路１６は組電池１の温度を検出して循環ポンプ１３を運転して、図１８に示すように、熱交換器６の冷媒液をバッテリラジエータ１４に循環させる。バッテリラジエータ１４は冷媒液を冷却し、この冷媒液は熱交換器６を介して組電池１を冷却する。組電池１の温度が冷却温度よりも低くなると、循環ポンプ１３の運転が停止される。循環ポンプ１３が運転される状態で、冷媒液の温度が組電池１を冷却できない高い温度にあると、制御回路１６は送風ファン１５を運転して、バッテリラジエータ１４に送風して強制冷却する。この状態は、冷却水路２ａの冷媒液をエンジンラジエータ４に循環してエンジンを設定温度に冷却し、また、熱交換器６の冷媒液をバッテリラジエータ１４に循環して、組電池１を設定温度に冷却する。 [State in which the temperature of the assembled battery 1 rises]
When the assembled battery 1 is charged / discharged and the temperature rises and rises to the cooling temperature, the control circuit 16 detects the temperature of the assembled battery 1 and operates the circulation pump 13, as shown in FIG. 6 refrigerant liquid is circulated through the battery radiator 14. The battery radiator 14 cools the refrigerant liquid, and the refrigerant liquid cools the assembled battery 1 via the heat exchanger 6. When the temperature of the assembled battery 1 becomes lower than the cooling temperature, the operation of the circulation pump 13 is stopped. When the circulating pump 13 is operated and the temperature of the refrigerant liquid is at a high temperature at which the assembled battery 1 cannot be cooled, the control circuit 16 operates the blower fan 15 to send air to the battery radiator 14 and forcibly cool it. In this state, the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water channel 2a is circulated to the engine radiator 4 to cool the engine to a set temperature, and the refrigerant liquid in the heat exchanger 6 is circulated to the battery radiator 14 to set the assembled battery 1 to the set temperature. Cool down.

本発明のハイブリッドカーは、水冷エンジン２の冷却水路２ａに循環される冷媒液でもって、低温に冷却された組電池１を加温する。すなわち、水冷エンジン２の大きな廃熱を有効に利用して、寒冷地において、無駄なエネルギーを消費することなく組電池１を速やかに暖気する。   The hybrid car of the present invention warms the assembled battery 1 cooled to a low temperature with the refrigerant liquid circulated in the cooling water passage 2a of the water-cooled engine 2. That is, the large waste heat of the water-cooled engine 2 is effectively used to quickly warm the assembled battery 1 in a cold region without consuming unnecessary energy.

本発明の一実施例にかかるハイブリッドカーの概略斜視図である。1 is a schematic perspective view of a hybrid car according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図１に示すハイブリッドカーのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 本発明の他の実施例にかかるハイブリッドカーの概略斜視図である。It is a schematic perspective view of the hybrid car concerning the other Example of this invention. 図３に示すハイブリッドカーのブロック図である。FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 3. 熱交換器の一例を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of a heat exchanger. 熱交換器の他の一例を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another example of a heat exchanger. 熱交換器の他の一例を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another example of a heat exchanger. 図２に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 2. 図２に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 2. 図２に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 2. 図２に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 2. 図２に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 2. 図４に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 4. 図４に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 4. 図４に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 4. 図４に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 4. 図４に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 4. 図４に示すハイブリッドカーの動作状態を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an operating state of the hybrid car shown in FIG. 4.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…組電池
２…水冷エンジン ２ａ…冷却水路
３…モータ
４…エンジンラジエータ
５…バイパス弁
６…熱交換器
７…冷却水路
８…暖気水路
９…開閉弁
１０…ホース
１１…ウォーターポンプ
１２…冷却ファン
１３…循環ポンプ
１４…バッテリラジエータ
１５…送風ファン
１６…制御回路
１７…温度センサ
１８…温度センサ
１９…第２の開閉弁
２１…防水ケース
２２…防水シート
２６…熱交換器
２７…冷却水路
３１…組電池
３２…ケース
３３…循環ファン
３４…熱交換パイプ
３５…放熱フィン
３６…熱交換器
３７…空気ダクト
３８…切換弁
４１…組電池
４２…ケース
４３…循環ファン
４４…熱交換パイプ
４５…放熱フィン
４６…熱交換器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Assembly battery 2 ... Water cooling engine 2a ... Cooling water channel 3 ... Motor 4 ... Engine radiator 5 ... Bypass valve 6 ... Heat exchanger 7 ... Cooling water channel 8 ... Warm air channel 9 ... On-off valve 10 ... Hose 11 ... Water pump 12 ... Cooling Fan 13 ... Circulation pump 14 ... Battery radiator 15 ... Blower fan 16 ... Control circuit 17 ... Temperature sensor 18 ... Temperature sensor 19 ... Second on-off valve 21 ... Waterproof case 22 ... Waterproof sheet 26 ... Heat exchanger 27 ... Cooling channel 31 ... assembled battery 32 ... case 33 ... circulation fan 34 ... heat exchange pipe 35 ... heat radiating fin 36 ... heat exchanger 37 ... air duct 38 ... switching valve 41 ... battery pack 42 ... case 43 ... circulation fan 44 ... heat exchange pipe 45 ... Radiation fin 46 ... Heat exchanger

Claims (7)

車両を走行させる水冷エンジン(2)及びモータ(3)と、このモータ(3)に電力を供給する組電池(1)と、前記水冷エンジン(2)の冷却水路(2a)に連結されて水冷エンジン(2)との間で冷媒液を循環させるエンジンラジエータ(4)と、水冷エンジン(2)の冷却水路(2a)にバイパス弁(5)を介して連結されて、水冷エンジン(2)に循環される冷媒液で組電池(1)を暖気する熱交換器(6)とを備え、
バイパス弁(5)を開弁する状態で、水冷エンジン(2)の冷却水路(2a)に循環される冷媒液が熱交換器(6)に循環されて、熱交換器(6)でもって組電池(1)を加温するようにしてなるハイブリッドカー。 A water-cooled engine (2) and a motor (3) for running the vehicle, a battery pack (1) for supplying electric power to the motor (3), and a cooling water passage (2a) of the water-cooled engine (2) An engine radiator (4) that circulates refrigerant liquid between the engine (2) and a cooling water passage (2a) of the water-cooled engine (2) via a bypass valve (5) is connected to the water-cooled engine (2). A heat exchanger (6) for warming the assembled battery (1) with the circulated refrigerant liquid,
With the bypass valve (5) opened, the refrigerant liquid circulated through the cooling water passage (2a) of the water-cooled engine (2) is circulated through the heat exchanger (6) and assembled by the heat exchanger (6). A hybrid car that heats the battery (1). 前記熱交換器(6)に、熱交換器(6)に循環される冷媒液を冷却するバッテリラジエータ(14)を連結しており、このバッテリラジエータ(14)でもって、熱交換器(6)に循環される冷媒液を冷却して組電池(1)を冷却するようにしてなる請求項１に記載されるハイブリッドカー。   A battery radiator (14) for cooling the refrigerant liquid circulated to the heat exchanger (6) is connected to the heat exchanger (6), and with this battery radiator (14), the heat exchanger (6) The hybrid car according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack (1) is cooled by cooling the refrigerant liquid circulated in the vehicle. 前記熱交換器(6)に冷媒液を循環させる循環ポンプ(13)を連結している請求項１に記載されるハイブリッドカー。   The hybrid car according to claim 1, wherein a circulation pump (13) for circulating a refrigerant liquid is connected to the heat exchanger (6). 水冷エンジン(2)の冷却水路(2a)とエンジンラジエータ(4)との間に開閉弁(9)を接続しており、この開閉弁(9)とエンジンラジエータ(4)を直列に接続している冷却水路(7)、(27)と、熱交換器(6)とバイパス弁(5)とを直列に接続している暖気水路(8)とを並列に連結しており、開閉弁(9)を閉弁して冷却水路(2a)の冷媒液を暖気水路(8)の熱交換器(6)に循環するようにしてなる請求項１に記載されるハイブリッドカー。   An on-off valve (9) is connected between the cooling water passage (2a) of the water-cooled engine (2) and the engine radiator (4), and the on-off valve (9) and the engine radiator (4) are connected in series. The cooling water passages (7), (27) and the warm air water passage (8) connecting the heat exchanger (6) and the bypass valve (5) in series are connected in parallel. ) Is closed to circulate the refrigerant liquid in the cooling water passage (2a) to the heat exchanger (6) in the warm air water passage (8). 開閉弁(9)が、冷媒液の温度が設定温度になると開弁するサーモスタットである請求項４に記載されるハイブリッドカー。   The hybrid car according to claim 4, wherein the on-off valve (9) is a thermostat that opens when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid reaches a set temperature. 水冷エンジン(2)が、冷媒液の温度が設定温度になると開弁するサーモスタットを有し、このサーモスタットの排出側に、互いに並列に連結している冷却水路(27)と暖気水路(8)を連結している請求項４に記載されるハイブリッドカー。   The water-cooled engine (2) has a thermostat that opens when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid reaches a set temperature. The hybrid car according to claim 4 connected. 組電池(1)の温度を検出する温度センサ(17)と、この温度センサ(17)が検出する組電池(1)の温度でバイパス弁(5)を制御する制御回路(16)とを備え、組電池(1)の温度が設定温度なると、制御回路(16)がバイパス弁(5)を閉弁するようにしてなる請求項１に記載されるハイブリッドカー。   A temperature sensor (17) for detecting the temperature of the assembled battery (1), and a control circuit (16) for controlling the bypass valve (5) with the temperature of the assembled battery (1) detected by the temperature sensor (17). The hybrid car according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit (16) closes the bypass valve (5) when the temperature of the assembled battery (1) reaches a set temperature.
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