JP2013085390A - Power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply system capable of quickly warming up an electrical storage device while saving energy, and of suppressing performance degradation of the electrical storage device.SOLUTION: The power supply system 16 for a vehicle is used which includes a first power supply 10, a second power supply 12, a warm-up device 14 for warming up the power supplies, and a control device 15 for setting a control center charging rate, and in which the first power supply 10 has output density higher than that of the second power supply 12, the second power supply 12 has energy density higher than that of the first power supply 10, the warm-up device 14 starts warming-up of the first power supply 10 in a predetermined period before travel start of the vehicle or a predetermined period after the travel start, and the control device 15 sets the control center charging rate of the first power supply 10 based on temperature of the first power supply 10 having started at least its warming up.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system capable of warming up a power supply, and more particularly to a power supply system mounted on a vehicle.

  As power sources for driving motors mounted on vehicles (EV) such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, development of power storage devices such as lithium ion secondary batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors and the like has been actively conducted.

  Among power supply systems, there is a power supply system in which a high-capacity storage device and a high-output storage device are connected in parallel via a power conversion circuit or the like because of a demand for high capacity and high output. Generally, the capacity and output of an electricity storage device such as a secondary battery and a capacitor are lowered when the temperature is low. As a result, charging / discharging electric power required for traveling of the vehicle is not supplied from the power storage device to the motor, and for example, smooth start and acceleration of the vehicle are hindered. Therefore, when the temperature of the power storage device is lowered, it is necessary to quickly warm up the power storage device.

  As a method of warming up an electricity storage device such as a secondary battery or a capacitor, (1) a method of installing a heater for warming up the secondary battery (see, for example, Patent Document 1), (2) heat of the secondary battery A method of supplying an exchange medium (for example, refer to Patent Document 2), (3) a method of using internal heat generation of a battery (for example, refer to Patent Documents 3 and 4), and (4) using an adsorber including an adsorbent, Examples include a method of using heat of adsorption when the adsorbent adsorbs the adsorption medium (see, for example, Patent Document 5).

JP 2008-230508 A JP 2008-290636 A JP 2006-121874 A JP 2008-29171 A JP 2008-305575 A

  By the way, although it is not restricted to the power supply system mounted in a vehicle, in the power supply system with which a big capacity | capacitance and an output are requested | required, the thermal capacity of the whole electrical storage device is large, and requires a lot of thermal energy for warming up. Therefore, even if any one of the warm-up methods (1) to (4) is used, much time and energy are required to heat the entire power storage device.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system that can quickly warm up an energy storage device with energy saving and suppress performance degradation of the energy storage device.

  The present invention relates to a first power source, a second power source, a warming-up unit for warming up the power source, and a control center charging rate for setting a control center charging rate as a target value when controlling input / output of the power source. A power supply system for a vehicle comprising: setting means; wherein the first power supply has a higher output density than the second power supply, and the second power supply has a higher energy density than the first power supply, The warming-up means starts warming up of the first power source in a predetermined period before the start of traveling of the vehicle or in a predetermined period after the start of traveling, and the control center charging rate setting means starts at least warming up Based on the temperature of the first power source, the control center charging rate of the first power source is set.

  Further, in the vehicle power supply system, the control center charging rate setting means is configured to charge the control center of the first power supply when the temperature of the first power supply is lower than a preset first set temperature. The rate is preferably set to a first control center charging rate higher than a reference charging rate, which is a charging rate when the input value and the output value of the first power source are equal.

  Further, in the vehicle power supply system, the control center charging rate setting means has a second setting in which the temperature of the first power supply is equal to or higher than the first set temperature and the temperature of the second power supply is set in advance. When the temperature is lower than the temperature, it is preferable that the control center charging rate of the first power source is set to a second control center charging rate that is lower than the first control center charging rate and higher than the reference charging rate.

  The vehicle power supply system further includes input / output control means for controlling input / output of electric power of the first power supply and the second power supply, and the input / output control means charges the first power supply. If the rate is less than the control center charging rate of the first power source, the power input of the first power source is set so that the charging rate of the first power source approaches the control center charging rate of the first power source. It is preferable to control.

  In the vehicle power supply system, it is preferable that the input / output control unit outputs power input to the first power supply from the second power supply.

  In the power supply system for a vehicle, the input / output control unit inputs regenerative power from the vehicle to the first power supply and can output power from the second power supply from a running load of the vehicle. When is large, it is preferable to input the surplus power for the travel load out of the power output from the second power source to the first power source.

  Further, in the vehicle power supply system, the input / output control means is determined based on the input power that is determined based on the temperature and the charging rate of the first power source and the temperature and charging rate of the second power source. Preferably, the smaller of the output powers that can be output is input to the first power source as the power output from the second power source.

  In the power supply system for a vehicle, the input / output control means may be configured such that the temperature of the first power supply before warming up is lower than a predetermined threshold value and the first power supply at the end of travel of the vehicle. Is less than the control center charging rate of the first power source, the charging rate of the first power source is brought close to the control center charging rate of the first power source when the vehicle finishes traveling. It is preferable that power input to the first power source is output from the second power source.

  In the vehicle power supply system, the warm-up means is a chemical heat storage device having a chemical heat storage material that stores heat when ammonia is released and dissipates heat when the ammonia is fixed, It is preferable to provide a heater for regenerating the chemical heat storage material that generates heat by power supply.

  In the vehicle power supply system, when the chemical heat storage material is regenerated, the power output from the first power supply, the power output from the second power supply, and the regenerative power from the vehicle are It is preferable that at least one of them is supplied to the heater.

  Further, in the vehicle power supply system, when the chemical heat storage material is regenerated, if the charge rate of the first power supply is less than the control center charge rate of the first power supply, Regenerative power is preferentially supplied in the order of the first power source, the heater, and the second power source, and when the chemical heat storage material is regenerated, the charging rate of the first power source is the first power source. When the charging rate is equal to or higher than the control center charging rate of the power source, it is preferable that the regenerative power from the vehicle is preferentially supplied in the order of the heater, the second power source, and the first power source.

  In the power supply system for the vehicle, when the regenerative power from the vehicle is larger than the sum of input powers determined based on the temperature and the charging rate of the first power supply and the second power supply, It is preferable that surplus electric power with respect to the sum of the input power among the regenerative electric power from the vehicle is supplied to the heater.

  In the vehicle power supply system, when the chemical heat storage material is regenerated, if the charge rate of the first power supply is higher than the control center charge rate of the first power supply, the first power supply It is preferable that the electric power of the first power source is supplied to the heater so that the charging rate of the first power source approaches the control center charging rate of the first power source.

  Further, in the power supply system for the vehicle, when the chemical heat storage material is regenerated at the end of traveling of the vehicle, at least one of the first power supply and the second power supply is supplied to the heater. It is preferred that

  The present invention also provides a control center for setting a first power source, a second power source, a warming-up means for warming up the power source, and a control center charging rate as a target value when controlling input / output of the power source. A power supply system comprising: a charging rate setting means; wherein the first power supply has a higher output density than the second power supply, the second power supply has a higher energy density than the first power supply, and the warm power supply. The machine means starts warming up of the first power supply in a predetermined period before or after operation of the device on which the power supply system is mounted, and the control center charging rate setting means is at least warmed up. Based on the started temperature of the first power source, a control center charging rate of the first power source is set.

  According to the present invention, the power storage device can be warmed up quickly and with energy saving, and the performance degradation of the power storage device can be suppressed.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of the power supply system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of a chemical heat storage apparatus. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the warming-up method of the 1st power supply by a chemical thermal storage apparatus. (A) is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of the heat exchanger installed in a power supply, (B) is a schematic diagram which shows the state which installed the heat exchanger in the power supply. It is a figure which shows the output density ratio of the capacity type electrical storage device before and behind warming-up, and an output type electrical storage device. It is a figure which shows the output ratio of the power supply of the conventional power supply system before and behind warming-up, and a composite power supply system. This is the heat capacity ratio required to warm up the power supply of the conventional power supply system and the composite power supply system. It is a flowchart for demonstrating another example of the method of warming up the power supply of the power supply system of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the charging rate (SOC) of a power supply, and the input / output of a power supply. (A) is a control map that defines the relationship between the temperature of the first power source and the control center charging rate, and (B) is a control that defines the relationship between the temperature of the second power source and the control center charging rate. It is a map. It is the map which prescribed | regulated the relationship between SOC of a 1st power supply, and charging / discharging electric power (input / output) of a 1st power supply. (A) is a figure which shows the temperature transition of a power supply, (B) is a figure which shows the transition of the control center charge rate of a 1st power supply, and the charge rate of a 1st power supply. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the method of the regeneration process of a chemical thermal storage apparatus. (A) is a figure for demonstrating the example of distribution of the regenerative electric power from a vehicle when a 1st power supply is less than a control center charging rate, (B) is a 1st power supply more than a control center charging rate. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of distribution of the regenerative electric power from a vehicle at the time. It is a figure for demonstrating the other example of distribution of regenerative electric power.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a power supply system according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply circuit 1 includes a power supply system 16 having a first power supply 10, a second power supply 12, a warm-up device 14, and a control device 15, a first converter 18, and a second converter. 20 and an inverter 22.

  The second converter 20 has an input side connected to the second power source 12 and an output side connected to the inverter 22. The first converter 18 has an input side connected to the first power supply 10 and an output side connected to a connection node between the second converter 20 and the inverter 22.

  The first and second converters 18 and 20 mainly increase / decrease the voltage supplied from the power source (first and second power sources 10 and 12) to a voltage driven by the external load 24. The inverter 22 mainly converts the DC voltage supplied from the first and second converters 18 and 20 into AC and outputs the AC voltage to the external load 24. In the case where the external load 24 is a motor generator 24 or the like mounted on an electric vehicle (EV), the inverter 22 converts the AC voltage provided by the power generation of the motor generator 24 into a DC, and the second converter 20 The second converter 20 and the first converter 18 can also step up and down the voltage supplied from the inverter 22 to a voltage for charging the first power source 10 and the second power source 12. is there. That is, the first power supply 10 and the external load 24 can exchange power bidirectionally via the first converter 18 and the inverter 22. Further, the second power source 12 and the external load 24 can exchange power bidirectionally via the second converter 20 and the inverter 22.

  The first power supply 10 is an output-type power storage device having a higher output density (lower input / output resistance per unit mass) than the second power supply 12, and the second power supply 12 is more energy-efficient than the first power supply 10. It is a capacity-type electricity storage device with high density. The first power supply 10 is preferably, for example, an output type lithium ion secondary battery or a lithium ion capacitor. In the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, the proportion of reaction resistance in the internal resistance of the battery is high, and the activation energy of the reaction resistance is large. Therefore, battery performance is easily affected by battery temperature. Therefore, as described later, it is possible to efficiently demonstrate the performance of the output type lithium ion secondary battery by starting the warming up of the output type lithium ion secondary battery in a predetermined period before and after the start of traveling. Become. A lithium ion capacitor is an asymmetric capacitor using, for example, Nanogate Carbon (registered trademark) for the positive electrode and graphite carbon for the negative electrode, and the input / output density after warm-up is the highest among current storage devices. It is expensive. Therefore, it is possible to provide a high-performance power supply system by starting warm-up of the lithium ion capacitor in a predetermined period before and after the start of traveling, which will be described later. On the other hand, the second power source 12 preferably uses, for example, a capacity type lithium ion secondary battery. This is because the energy density is very high, so that a high-performance power supply system can be provided. However, the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 are not limited to the above, and do not limit the adoption of power storage devices such as a lead secondary battery, a nickel hydride secondary battery, and an electric double layer capacitor. .

  The control device of the present embodiment is electrically connected to a temperature sensor (not shown), a current sensor (not shown), a voltage sensor (not shown), a warm-up device 14, a first converter, and a second converter installed in a power source. Connected to each other, and mainly has a function of setting a control center charging rate of the power source and a function of controlling input / output of the first power source and the second power source. Specific operation of the control device will be described later.

  Next, the warm-up device 14 of the power supply system 16 (combined power supply system) of this embodiment will be described.

  The warming-up device 14 of the present embodiment selectively warms up power storage devices having a high output density and a low energy density among power storage devices. That is, the warm-up device 14 warms up the first power supply 10 with priority over the second power supply 12. Note that the power supply system 16 of the present embodiment is not limited to two power supplies, and may further include a third power supply, a fourth power supply, and the like. In this case, in the present embodiment, among the power storage devices, a power storage device having a high output density and a low energy density is selected (for example, the first and third power storage devices), and the selected power storage device is selected as the warm-up device 14. It does not limit the warming up.

  Although a specific warm-up method by the warm-up device 14 will be described later, when the power supply system 16 (substantially the power supply circuit 1) of this embodiment is mounted on an electric vehicle (EV), the vehicle starts to travel. Warm-up of the first power supply 10 is started by the warm-up device 14 in a previous predetermined period or a predetermined period after the start of traveling. Here, the predetermined period before the vehicle starts to travel is a period from the time when at least the ignition key is turned on to the state where the vehicle can start traveling until the vehicle travels. In addition, the predetermined period after the vehicle starts to travel is appropriately set between the time when the vehicle starts traveling and the time when the first power supply 10 is required to output for traveling. Therefore, the warming-up device 14 is operated to start warming up the first power supply 10 until the vehicle starts traveling after the vehicle can start traveling or during a predetermined period after the vehicle travels. To do.

  Moreover, the power supply circuit 1 provided with the power supply system 16 of this embodiment is not limited to the case where it is mounted on a vehicle, but can be mounted on all devices that operate by supplying power from the power storage device. Therefore, when the power supply circuit 1 including the power supply system 16 of the present embodiment is mounted on a device other than the vehicle, the warm-up device 14 is used for a predetermined period before or after operation of the device on which the power supply system is mounted. First, the warm-up of the first power supply 10 is started. Here, the predetermined period before the operation of the apparatus is a period between at least when the apparatus is turned on and the apparatus can be moved until the apparatus is operated. Further, the predetermined period after the operation of the apparatus is appropriately set between the time when the apparatus is moved and the time when the output necessary for the operation of the apparatus is requested to the first power supply 10. Below, the case where the power supply circuit 1 provided with the power supply system 16 is mounted in a vehicle is demonstrated concretely as an example.

  The configuration of the warm-up device 14 is particularly limited as long as the warm-up of the first power supply 10 can be started during a predetermined period before the start of traveling of the vehicle or during a predetermined period after the start of traveling. Instead, for example, an electric heater, a heat exchanger using exhaust heat in the vehicle, a chemical heat storage device to be described later, and the like can be given. As the warming-up device 14, a chemical heat storage device is used because it can quickly warm up the power source, can warm up the power source with energy saving, or can store heat energy for a long period of time. It is preferable to adopt. Below, the structural example of a chemical heat storage apparatus (henceforth the chemical heat storage apparatus 14) is demonstrated.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the chemical heat storage device. As shown in FIG. 2, the chemical heat storage device 14 includes a first reactor 26, a second reactor 28, an ammonia pipe 30 that connects the first reactor 26 and the second reactor 28, and .

  The first reactor 26 is housed in a housing 32, a plurality of heat medium flow paths 34 provided in the housing 32, a plurality of reaction chambers 36 provided in the housing 32, and each reaction chamber 36. A chemical heat storage material (not shown). In the housing 32, the reaction chambers 36 and the heat medium flow paths 34 are alternately arranged. The reaction chamber 36 and the heat medium flow path 34 are separated from each other with a partition wall, and heat exchange is performed between the heat medium A supplied to the heat medium flow path 34 from the outside and the chemical heat storage material in the reaction chamber 36. Can be done. Although not shown, the reaction chamber 36 of the first reactor 26 and the ammonia pipe 30 are communicated in an airtight state.

  The chemical heat storage material housed in the reaction chamber 36 of the first reactor 26 stores heat when ammonia is released by an endothermic reaction, and the ammonia is fixed by a coordination reaction (chemical reaction) that is an exothermic reaction. Contains metal chloride that dissipates heat. Examples of the metal chloride include an alkali metal chloride, an alkaline earth metal chloride, and a transition metal chloride.

    The ammonia pipe 30 is provided with a valve 30a, and the difference in ammonia pressure can be adjusted by opening and closing the valve 30a.

  Similarly to the first reactor 26, the second reactor 28 also has a housing 38, a plurality of heat medium channels 40 provided in the housing 38, and a plurality of reaction chambers 42 provided in the housing 38. And a chemical heat storage material (not shown) housed in each reaction chamber 42. The reaction chamber 42 and the heat medium flow path 40 are separated from each other with a partition wall, and heat exchange is performed between the heat medium B supplied to the heat medium flow path 40 from the outside and the chemical heat storage material in the reaction chamber 42. Can be done. Although not shown, the reaction chamber 42 of the second reactor 28 and the ammonia pipe 30 are communicated in an airtight state.

  The chemical heat storage material accommodated in the reaction chamber 42 of the second reactor 28 includes the above-described metal chloride or physical adsorbent (for example, activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, clay mineral, etc.).

  Further, the chemical heat storage device 14 promotes an ammonia supply device (not shown) for supplying ammonia into the device, an exhaust device (not shown) for exhausting gas in the device, and an ammonia pressure in the device. A pressure measuring device (not shown) or the like may be installed.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining a method of warming up the first power source by the chemical heat storage device. The warming-up method of the 1st power supply 10 by the chemical heat storage apparatus 14 is demonstrated using FIG. 2 and 3. FIG.

  In warming up the first power source 10, as an initial state, ammonia is fixed to the chemical heat storage material accommodated in the reaction chamber 42 of the second reactor 28 shown in FIG. Keep closed. Then, the ignition key is turned on, and the following operation is started by the chemical heat storage device 14 during the predetermined period before and after the start of traveling, and the first power supply 10 is warmed up. First, a heat medium B such as alcohol such as ethanol, water, or oil is circulated from a pipe or the like (not shown) to the heat medium flow path 40 of the second reactor 28 in the initial state described above (see FIG. 2). The heat medium B ′ shown is a heat medium discharged from the heat medium flow path 40), and the heat medium A such as ethanol, alcohol, water, or oil is present in the heat medium flow path 34 of the first reactor 26. It is distributed from pipes (not shown). The heat medium B supplied to the second reactor 28 is maintained at a predetermined temperature (for example, −30 ° C. to 10 ° C.). At this time, in the second reactor 28, ammonia C is released from the chemical heat storage material of the second reactor 28 by an endothermic reaction. Then, by opening the valve 30a of the ammonia pipe 30, the ammonia is transported from the second reactor 28 having a high ammonia pressure toward the first reactor 26 having a relatively low ammonia pressure (FIG. 3). reference). Note that ammonia is continuously removed by maintaining the flow of the heat medium at a predetermined temperature to the second reactor 28.

  The ammonia that has reached the first reactor 26 from the second reactor 28 through the ammonia pipe 30 is a chemical heat storage containing a metal chloride stored in the reaction chamber 36 of the first reactor 26 shown in FIG. Fixed to the material by an exothermic reaction. By this exothermic reaction, the heat medium A supplied to the first reactor 26 is heated, and the heated heat medium A ′ is supplied (heat radiation) from a pipe or the like (not shown) toward the first power supply 10. The The heated heat medium A 'is heat-exchanged with the first power source 10, and the first power source 10 is warmed up. However, when the heated heat medium A ′ is a liquid, as shown in FIG. 3, an evaporator is installed in the chemical heat storage device 14, and the heat medium A ′ is vaporized by the evaporator, so that the first It is desirable to supply the power supply 10 of the above. Steam (condensation latent heat) is suitable as a heat medium for efficiently warming up the power supply. As described above, the first power supply 10 warmed up as described above is exchanged with the inverter 22 as described above.

  An example of heat exchange between the heat medium A ′ supplied from the chemical heat storage device 14 and the power source will be described.

  FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a heat exchanger installed in a power source, and FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the heat exchanger is installed in a power source. As shown in FIG. 4A, the heat exchanger 44 has a flow path plate 46 and inlet and outlet manifolds 48 and 50. A flow path 52 through which the heat medium A ′ passes is formed in the flow path plate 46. The inlet manifold 48 communicates with the inlet side of the flow path 52 in the flow path plate 46, and the outlet manifold 50 communicates with the outlet side of the flow path 52 in the flow path plate 46. As shown in FIG. 4B, the flow path plate 46 is disposed between the cells 10 a stacked to constitute the first power supply 10. Further, the inlet manifolds 48 and the outlet manifolds 50 of each flow path plate 46 are connected to each other.

  As described above, the heat medium A ′ (which may be in a vapor state) heated from the chemical heat storage device 14 is supplied to the first power supply 10. The supplied heat medium A ′ passes through the inlet manifold 48 and is distributed to each flow path plate 46. Then, it passes through the flow path 52 in the flow path plate 46. At this time, heat exchange is performed between the first power supply 10 and the heated heat medium A ′ via the flow path plate 46, and the first power supply 10 is warmed up. The heat medium A ′ that has passed through the flow path plate 46 passes through the outlet manifold 50 and is discharged out of the system.

  Output characteristics before and after warming-up of a power supply system 16 (composite power supply system) including the first power supply 10 that is an output power storage device that has been warmed up in this manner and the second power supply 12 that is a capacitive power storage device. Will be described. For comparison, output characteristics before and after warm-up of a power supply system (conventional power supply system) including one power storage device will also be described.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the output density ratio between the capacitive electricity storage device and the output electricity storage device before and after warm-up. In FIG. 5, a secondary battery is taken as an example of the electricity storage device. In a secondary battery having a low temperature before warming up (for example, a battery temperature of −20 ° C. to −30 ° C.), the viscosity of the electrolytic solution in the secondary battery and the reaction resistance are increased. The internal resistance becomes high, and the inherent performance of the secondary battery cannot be exhibited. However, in a secondary battery with a high temperature after warming up (for example, the battery temperature is 25 ° C.), the viscosity of the electrolyte and the reaction resistance are also reduced, so the internal resistance of the battery is also reduced, and the original performance of the secondary battery is reduced. It can be demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 5, the same result is obtained with a capacity-type secondary battery and an output-type secondary battery. In FIG. 5, the secondary battery is taken as an example. However, even in the case of a capacitor, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution depends on the temperature, so that the result is similar to that of the secondary battery.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the output ratio of the power supplies of the conventional power supply system and the composite power supply system before and after warming up. FIG. 7 shows the heat capacity ratio necessary for warming up the power supplies of the conventional power supply system and the composite power supply system. As shown in FIG. 6, the power source of the conventional power source system and the power source of the composite power source system (the first power source 10 which is an output type power storage system) are warmed up to raise the battery temperature. It can be seen that the output required for traveling (vehicle required output) can be exhibited. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the heat capacity required for warming up the power supply at this time may be smaller than the heat capacity applied to the power supply of the conventional power supply system. Recognize. One reason for this is as follows.

  First, in a conventional power supply system composed of a single power storage device, a power storage device having an excess battery capacity than the battery capacity required for EV travel is required in order to satisfy the input / output required for EV travel. . On the other hand, in the composite power supply system, the input and output are supplemented by the first power supply 10 (output type power storage device), while the energy required for traveling can be supplied by the second power supply 12 (capacitive power storage device). The first and second power supplies 10 and 12 can be designed to have a minimum capacity. Therefore, in the conventional power supply system, an electric storage device having a large volume and weight is necessary to satisfy an excessive battery capacity. However, in the composite power supply system, since the second power supply 12 can be designed to have a minimum necessary capacity, the weight and volume of the second power supply 12 are smaller than the power storage device of the conventional power supply system. Further, since the first power supply 10 can be designed to supplement the input / output of the second power supply 12, the weight and volume of the first power supply 10 are smaller than those of the second power supply 12. Therefore, in the conventional power supply system, since it is necessary to warm up a large-capacity power storage device, the heat capacity becomes high and the warm-up time also becomes long. On the other hand, in the case of a composite power supply system, as shown in FIG. 6, the output power required for vehicle travel can be satisfied by warming up the output-type power storage device (first power supply 10). Less heat capacity is needed to warm up the device and less warm-up time.

  As described above, the first power supply 10 is quickly warmed up by the warm-up device 14 during the predetermined period before the start of traveling of the vehicle or during the predetermined period after the start of traveling. Can be stably supplied from the power source. Further, since only the first power source 10 needs to be warmed up, the heat capacity required for warming up can be small. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the size and energy of the warm-up device 14.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining another example of the method for warming up the power supply of the power supply system of the present embodiment. Here, not only the warm-up of the first power supply 10 but also the warm-up of the second power supply 12 is performed. By warming up the second power supply 12, the input / output from the second power supply 12 increases, so that the power output from the first power supply is suppressed, the deterioration of the first power supply is suppressed, the vehicle The driving performance can be improved.

  First, as described above, the ignition key is turned on, and the chemical heat storage device 14 having the first reactor 26, the second reactor 28, and the evaporator during a predetermined period before and after the start of traveling. The warm-up of the first power supply 10 is started. After the first power supply is warmed up (during warming up or after warming up), warming up of the second power supply 12 is started. Here, after the first power supply 10 is warmed up, the chemical heat storage device 14 may start the warming up of the second power supply 12, but separately from the chemical heat storage device 14 that warms up the first power supply 10. It is preferable to provide a warming-up device for warming up the second power source 12.

  When warming up the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12, as shown in FIG. 8, a first warming-up device that mainly warms up the first power supply 10, and a second It is desirable to provide a warm-up device system including a second warm-up device that warms up the power supply 12. And it is preferable that a 1st warm-up apparatus is a chemical heat storage apparatus mentioned above, and a 2nd warm-up apparatus is a warm-up apparatus using the waste heat which generate | occur | produces in a vehicle. As a result, exhaust heat generated in the vehicle can be used effectively, so that the power source can be warmed up efficiently or with energy saving.

  The second warm-up device includes a steam generator that generates steam using exhaust heat generated in the vehicle, and a fan that supplies a heat medium heated by the exhaust heat generated in the vehicle to the second power source 12. And heat exchangers. Examples of the exhaust heat generated in the vehicle include exhaust heat from the engine and the motor generator 24, heat loss from the inverter 22, exhaust heat from the transaxle, and the like.

  It is preferable that the temperature increase rate of the first power supply 10 is set faster than the temperature increase rate of the second power supply 12 in the temperature increase rate of the power supply by the warm-up device. This is because the output of the entire power supply system can be efficiently exhibited by quickly raising the temperature of the first power supply 10.

  Next, power input / output control of the first power supply and the second power supply will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the charging rate (SOC) of the power supply and the input / output of the power supply. As shown in FIG. 9, normally, the output of the power supply (power that can be supplied by the power supply, so-called discharge power) decreases as the charging rate (SOC) decreases, and the output of the power supply improves as the charging rate increases. On the contrary, the power supply input (power that can be supplied to the power supply, so-called charging power) improves as the charging rate decreases, and the power input decreases as the charging rate increases. Note that the lower limit charging rate and the upper limit charging rate shown in FIG. 9 are set as appropriate within a range that does not adversely affect the performance of the power source, and the input / output (charging) of the power source within the range of the lower limit charging rate and the upper limit charging rate. And discharging). Further, in the present embodiment, the first power supply 10 performs input / output so as to approach the control center charging rate that is the center value (target value) when performing power input / output control (charge / discharge control). In general, the control center charging rate is set to a charging rate when the input and output values are equal (referred to as a reference charging rate).

  In the present embodiment, in order to ensure the input / output performance of the first power supply 10 at an early stage, warm-up is started during the predetermined period described above, and the temperature of the first power supply 10 rises. However, even if the charging rate of the power source does not change, the power input / output performance improves as the power source temperature increases, and the power input / output performance decreases as the power source temperature decreases. Therefore, rather than controlling the input / output of the power supply based on a constant control center charging rate regardless of the temperature of the power supply, the control center charging rate is set based on the temperature of the power supply, and based on the set control center charging rate. If you control the input / output of the power supply, you can effectively use the performance of the power supply. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the control center charging rate of the first power supply 10 is set based on the temperature of the first power supply 10 that is at least warmed up and whose temperature is rising. Here, as described above, when the warm-up of the second power supply 12 is also started, the first power supply 10 is controlled based on the temperatures of both the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12. It is preferable to set the control center charging rate.

  FIG. 10A is a control map that defines the relationship between the temperature of the first power source and the control center charging rate, and FIG. 10B defines the relationship between the temperature of the second power source and the control center charging rate. This is a control map. As shown in FIG. 10A, for example, a control map that prescribes that the control center charging rate decreases as the temperature of the first power supply 10 increases is stored in the control device 15 in advance. The control center charging rate of the first power supply 10 is determined by applying the temperature data of the temperature sensor installed in the first power supply 10 to the control map. Further, for example, the control device 15 applies the temperature data of the temperature sensor installed in the second power source 12 to the control map shown in FIG. 10B, obtains the control center charging rate of the first power source 10, and controls it. An average value of the center charging rate and the control center charging rate determined based on the temperature of the first power source 10 described above may be calculated and set as the control center charging rate of the first power source 10. Then, power input / output is performed based on the set control center charging rate. Further, for example, a control map that defines the relationship between the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 and the control center charging rate is stored in the control device 15 in advance, and the control device 15 stores the first power supply 10. And the temperature data of the temperature sensor installed in the 2nd power supply 12 may be applied to this control map, and the control center charging rate of the 1st power supply 10 may be determined.

  Specifically, the control center charging rate is set high because the temperature of the first power supply 10 is still low, such as at the beginning of warming-up of the first power supply 10. Then, the first power supply 10 is charged (electric power is input) with the control center charging rate set high as a target. As a result, the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is increased, and a higher output can be exhibited. As a result, the first power supply 10 efficiently compensates for the output that is insufficient with the second power supply 12. It becomes possible. If the output performance of the power supply can be exhibited efficiently in this way, it is possible to reduce the size of each power supply and improve the power performance of the vehicle.

  Hereinafter, another example of setting the control center charging rate will be described.

  When the warm-up of the first power supply 10 is started during the predetermined period (also including the case where the warm-up of the second power supply 12 is started thereafter), the control device 15 uses the temperature sensor to The temperature data of the power source 10 is sequentially acquired, and it is determined whether or not the temperature of the first power source 10 is lower than a preset first set temperature. The first set temperature is a temperature that is set as appropriate, such as a temperature at which the warm-up of the first power supply is terminated.

  Then, when the first temperature is lower than the first set temperature, the control device 15 sets the control center charging rate of the first power supply 10 to be higher than the reference charging rate as shown in FIG. Set to center charge rate. Alternatively, when the temperature of the first power supply 10 is lower than a preset first set temperature and the temperature of the second power supply 12 is lower than a preset set temperature (may be the first set temperature), The control center charging rate of the first power supply 10 is set to the first control center charging rate described above. Then, the input / output of the first power supply 10 is controlled so as to approach the control center charging rate set in this way. As a result, even if the temperature of the first power supply 10 is low, the output of the first power supply 10 can be increased, so that the power performance of the vehicle can be increased. The first control center charging rate is a value set in advance, but is preferably set between the reference charging rate and the upper limit charging rate in order to prevent the battery from deteriorating, and the output performance is increased. In view of the fact that a small power source with a small energy density can be used, it is preferable that the upper limit charging rate or the vicinity thereof be set.

  Further, as a result of sequentially acquiring the temperature data of the first power supply 10 and the temperature data of the second power supply 12 by the temperature sensor, the control device 15 has the temperature of the first power supply 10 equal to or higher than the first set temperature. When the temperature of the second power source 12 is lower than the preset second set temperature, as shown in FIG. 9, the control center charging rate of the first power source 10 is higher than the reference charging rate, The second control center charging rate is set lower than the control center charging rate. Here, the temperature of the first power supply 10 becomes a certain level or more, and for example, the input / output performance of the first power supply 10 can be sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, when the input / output control of the power source is controlled based on the second control center charging rate, the input of the first power source 10 is also increased. For example, the regenerative power from the vehicle can be efficiently recovered at the power source. Is possible. The second set temperature is a temperature that is set as appropriate, and is set, for example, between 45 ° C and 55 ° C.

  Furthermore, as a result of sequentially acquiring the temperature data of the first power supply 10 and the temperature data of the second power supply 12 by the temperature sensor, the control device 15 has the temperature of the first power supply 10 equal to or higher than the first set temperature, When the temperature of the second power source 12 is equal to or higher than the second set temperature, as shown in FIG. 9, the control center charging rate of the first power source 10 is equal to or higher than the reference charging rate, and the second control It is desirable to set the third control center charging rate lower than the center charging rate. Here, the temperature of the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 becomes a certain level or more, and for example, the input / output performance of the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 can be sufficiently exerted. ing. Therefore, if the input / output control of the power supply is performed based on the third control center charging rate, the input of the first power supply 10 can be further increased. As a result, for example, regenerative power from the vehicle can be efficiently collected at the power source.

  Next, power distribution between the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 will be described.

  In the present embodiment, the controller 15 gives a command to the first converter 18 to control the voltage of the inverter 22, and gives a command to the second converter 20 to control the current of the second power supply 12. In this way, the second power supply 12 controls charge / discharge power (input / output) in accordance with a power command value described later, and the first power supply 10 has a first power supply with respect to an external load power command value described later. The charging / discharging power (input / output) supplied from the second power supply 12 is controlled so as to be supplied. This will be specifically described below.

Here, the power command value of the second power supply 12 is obtained by the following equation (1). In all the following expressions, positive and negative are defined as output side (discharge side) and negative side as input side (charge side) in power and current.
Pb2com = Ploadcom × kb2 (1)
Pb2com is a power command value of the second power source 12, Ploadcom is an external load power command value, kb2 is a share ratio of the second power source 12 to the external load power, and charging of the first power source 10 and the second power source 12 is performed. A value between 0 and 1 is set based on the rate or the like.

The external load power command value (Ploadcom) is obtained by the following equation (2).
Ploadcom = Tmcom × Nm + Pmiloss (2)
Tmcom is a torque command value of the motor (external load), and is given as a command value to be output from the vehicle driving force obtained from the accelerator opening and the vehicle speed, for example. Nm is the rotational speed of the motor (external load), and is obtained from, for example, a rotational speed sensor attached to the motor. Pmiloss is an inverter loss depending on the motor torque (Tm) and the motor rotation speed (Nm), and is obtained by using, for example, a map obtained by measuring the relationship between Tm, Nm and the inverter loss in advance.

  The second converter 20 causes the current IL2 flowing through the second converter 20 (reactor) to follow the command current value Ib2 obtained by dividing the Pb2com by the voltage Vb2 of the second power supply 12 by the control device 15. The current is controlled. The voltage Vb2 is measured by a voltage sensor installed in the second power supply 12.

  The voltage of the first converter 18 is controlled by the control device 15 so as to follow the required inverter voltage (Vmtag) required according to the rotation state (Tm, Nm) of the motor that is an external load.

Since the second converter 20 is current-controlled, the power Pb2 of the second power supply 12 is controlled so as to follow Pb2com obtained by the above equation. Further, since the first converter 18 is voltage-controlled, a current corresponding to the power of the load and the power of the second power supply 12 flows through the first power supply 10. That is, the first power supply 10 supplies power obtained by subtracting the power (Pb2) of the second power supply 12 from the external load power command value (Ploadcom). Then, the power (Pb1) of the first power supply 10 is obtained by the following formula (3) when the power of the second power supply 12 follows Pb2com (Pb2 = Pb2com).
Pb1 = Ploadcom−Pb2 (3)
= Ploadcom x (1-kb2)

  In this way, the power of the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 is distributed and the charge / discharge power is controlled.

  In the present embodiment, the control device 15 compares the charging rate of the first power supply 10 with the control center charging rate (or the first, second, and third control center charging rates) described above, When the charging rate of the power source 10 is lower than the control center charging rate, control is performed so that the charging rate of the first power source 10 approaches the control center charging rate.

Specifically, when the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is lower than the set control center charging rate, the first power supply 10 is supplied by supplying the power of the second power supply 12 to the first power supply 10. The charging rate is made closer to the control center charging rate. In this case, the power command value of the second power supply 12 is obtained using the following equation (4) instead of the above equation (1).
Pb2com = Ploadcom × kb2 + Pchg2to1 (4)
Pchg2to1 is the charge / discharge power (input / output) of the second power supply 12 supplied to the first power supply 10. That is, the power is input / output from the second power supply 12 to the first power supply 10. Then, the charge / discharge power (Pchg2to1) of the second power supply 12 supplied to the first power supply 10 is such that the charge rate of the first power supply 10 approaches the set control center charge rate. It is set based on a charging rate of 10.

  FIG. 11 is a map that defines the relationship between the SOC of the first power supply and the charge / discharge power (input / output) of the first power supply. For example, when the charging rate of the first power source 10 is lower than the set control center charging rate, the charging rate of the first power source 10 is applied to the map shown in FIG. Ask for. The calculated charge / discharge power of the first power supply 10 is the charge / discharge power (Pchg2to1) of the second power supply 12 supplied to the first power supply 10. Then, if the obtained Pchg2to1 is applied to Expression (4), the power command value Pb2com of the second power supply 12 can be obtained.

Further, by obtaining the power command value of the second power supply 12, the power of the second power supply 12 is controlled so as to follow Pb2com obtained by Expression (4). Then, the electric power of the first power supply 10 is obtained by the equation (5) from the equations (3) and (4).
Pb1 = Ploadcom−Pb2
= Pload × (1-kb2) −Pchg2to1 (5)

  As described above, the first power supply 10 exchanges power of Pchg2to1 with the second power supply 12 while sharing (1-kb2) × 100 (%) with respect to the external load power Pload. The charge rate is controlled. The external load power is power necessary for traveling of the vehicle, and may be referred to as vehicle traveling load below.

  FIG. 12A is a diagram showing the temperature transition of the power source, and FIG. 12B is a diagram showing the transition of the control center charging rate of the first power source and the charging rate of the first power source. When the temperature of the second power source 12 is low, such as before the start of warming up, it is difficult for the second power source 12 to exert a sufficient output, and thus it is not possible to sufficiently cover the external load power while the vehicle is running. . In particular, when the vehicle is accelerated, a large external load power is required, so that the power performance of the vehicle may be reduced. In the present embodiment, the first power supply 10 having a high output density is warmed up early, and the shortage of external load power that cannot be covered by the second power supply 12 is stably supplied from the first power supply 10. Is possible. However, since the first power supply 10 has a lower energy density than the second power supply 12, if the shortage of external load power is continuously supplied from the first power supply 10, the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is increased. There is a possibility that the output is reduced and stable output cannot be exhibited.

  Therefore, as in the present embodiment, the control center charging rate of the first power source 10 is appropriately set based on the temperature as described above, and the first power source 10 is charged so as to approach the set control center charging rate. As a result, stable output can be exhibited. As shown in FIG. 12, for example, before the first power supply 10 is warmed up or in the early warmup period, the control center voltage of the first power supply 10 is set to a high value (such as an upper limit charging rate). And Pchg2to1 of Formula (4) and (5) is set so that the control center charging rate set to the high value may be approached, and the 1st power supply 10 is charged. By doing so, even when the temperature of the second power source 12 is low and the output performance is low, the traveling load is maintained by supplementing the power from the first power source 10 and the first power source 10 A decrease in output performance due to a decrease in charging rate can be suppressed. Further, since the power output from the first power supply 10 can be increased until the temperature of the second power supply 12 rises due to warm-up or the like and the output performance recovers, for example, the second power supply 12 can be increased. The warm-up time can be secured for a long time, and the heat output required for warm-up can be reduced. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the warm-up of the first power supply 10 is continued, and as the temperature of the first power supply 10 rises, the control center charging rate is lowered as described above (for example, first → second) → 3rd control center charging rate), the input performance of the first power supply 10 can be expanded. For example, regenerative power can be supplied to the first power supply 10 to effectively consume the power. it can.

  Next, an embodiment in which the power output from the second power supply 12 is used together with the regenerative power as the power supplied to the first power supply 10 will be described.

Usually, the power source has upper and lower limit voltages, upper and lower limit currents, and upper and lower limit charge rates that should be protected for product protection, and is controlled so as not to exceed them. In this embodiment, feedback control is performed so as not to exceed the upper / lower limit voltage, upper / lower limit current, and upper / lower limit charging rate, and the power (Pb2) of the second power supply 12 is controlled to satisfy the following expression.
Win2 ≦ Pb2 ≦ Wout2 (6)
Here, Win2 is input power that is set so as not to exceed the upper limit voltage, lower limit current, and upper limit charging rate of the second power source 12. Wout2 is output power that is set so as not to exceed the lower limit voltage, upper limit current, and lower limit charge rate of the second power source 12. Win2 or Wout2 is expressed as, for example, power when the second power supply 12 is charged or discharged for a predetermined period (for example, 10 seconds) and increased to the upper limit voltage or decreased to the lower limit voltage. Influenced by temperature etc. Therefore, for example, a map or the like that prescribes the relationship between the charging rate and temperature of the second power source 12 and the input or output power of the power source is stored in the control device 15 in advance, and the second power source 12 is stored in the map. By applying the temperature and the charging rate, the power that can be input to or output from the second power source 12 is obtained.

On the other hand, the power (Pb1) of the first power supply 10 is controlled under the condition that the external load power (Pload) satisfies the following expression.
Win1 + Win2 ≦ Pload ≦ Wout1 + Wout2 (7)
Here, Win1 is input power that is set so as not to exceed the upper limit voltage, lower limit current, and upper limit charge rate of the first power supply 10. Wout1 is outputable power set so as not to exceed the lower limit voltage, upper limit current, and lower limit charge rate of the first power supply 10. The calculation method is the same as that of the second power supply 12.

Since Pload is the sum of Pb1 and Pb2, equation (7) becomes the following equation (8).
Win1 + Win2 ≦ Pb1 + Pb2 ≦ Wout1 + Wout2 (8)

Further, from the equations (6) and (8), the following equation (9) is established.
Win1 ≦ Pb1 ≦ Wout1 (9)

  In the present embodiment, when the external load power (Pload, the running load of the vehicle) is equal to or higher than the output power (Wout2) of the second power source 12, the power exceeding that is supplied from the second power source 12. Since it is not possible, the controller 15 controls the first converter 18 so that the insufficient power is output from the first power supply 10. On the other hand, when the external load power (Pload) is smaller than the output power (Wout2) of the second power supply 12, the surplus power obtained by subtracting the external load power (Pload) from the output power (Wout2) of the second power supply 12 is Therefore, when the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is lower than the control center charging rate, the control device 15 controls the second converter 20 and the surplus power is input to the first power supply 10. It is preferable to do so. In addition to the surplus power, it is preferable to input regenerative power from the vehicle as power input to the first power supply 10. In order to preferentially input this regenerative power to the first power supply 10, the converter is controlled by setting kb2 in the equation (1) to zero. When the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is larger than the set control center charging rate, kb2 is set to a value smaller than 1 so that the charging rate of the first power supply 10 does not exceed the upper limit charging rate. It is desirable to control charging. As described above, when the output power that can be output from the second power source 12 is larger than the traveling load of the vehicle together with the regenerative power from the vehicle, the surplus power is input from the second power source to the first power source. As a result, the first power supply 10 is efficiently charged while compensating for the shortage of the output of the second power supply 12, thereby suppressing a decrease in the charging rate of the first power supply 10, and thus the power performance of the vehicle. It is possible to suppress the decrease. This is particularly suitable when, for example, the temperature of the second power source 12 is a low temperature that does not reach a predetermined temperature, for example, and the output performance of the second power source 12 cannot be sufficiently exhibited.

  As another embodiment, when the first power supply 10 is lower than the set control center charging rate, the control device 15 can input power from the first power supply 10 and output power from the second power supply 12. May be input to the first power supply 10 as the power output from the second power supply 12, whichever is smaller. As a result, the charging rate of the first power supply 10 can be brought closer to the control center charging rate set earlier. In particular, when the temperature of the second power supply 12 is low and the output performance is not sufficiently exerted, the first power supply 10 is brought closer to the control center charging rate, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the power performance of the vehicle more quickly. It becomes possible to do.

  Further, the following other embodiments are also suitable. First, the temperature of the first power supply 10 before warming up is measured by a temperature sensor. Then, the control device 15 compares a preset threshold value with the temperature of the first power supply 10. When the temperature of the first power supply 10 is less than the threshold value, the control device 15 determines the charging rate of the first power supply 10 at the end of travel of the vehicle (predetermined period before or after travel). Compare the set control center charging rate. When the charging rate of the first power source 10 is lower than the set control center charging rate, the control device 15 supplies power from the second power source 12 to the first power source 10 at the end of traveling of the vehicle. It is preferable to approach the center charging rate. The temperature of the first power supply 10 may be a temperature history. Thereby, the output performance of the 1st power supply 10 is reliably securable at the time of the next vehicle travel start. It should be noted that season, weather information, and the like may be used for determining whether to perform charge rate control of the first power supply 10.

  Next, the regeneration process of the chemical heat storage device used for warming up the first power supply 10 will be described. In the regeneration process, in order to warm up the first power source 10, heat release from the first reactor 26 is continued, and ammonia in the second reactor 28 is reduced or the first power source 10 is warmed up. For example, when the machine is finished, ammonia is collected again on the second reactor 28 side, and ammonia is fixed to the chemical heat storage material of the second reactor 28. This will be specifically described below.

(Reproduction processing)
FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining a method of regeneration processing of the chemical heat storage device. As an example of the regeneration process, it is performed at the end of warming up of the first power source, for example, when the temperature of the first power source is equal to or higher than the first preset temperature due to warming up.

  With the valve 30a of the ammonia pipe 30 shown in FIG. 2 opened, the first reactor 26 is heated by a heater installed in the first reactor 26 as shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the heater is not limited to the heater as long as the heater generates heat by supplying power. As shown in FIG. 13, the power to the heater is the power output from the first power supply 10 or the second power supply 12, or the regenerative power from the vehicle supplied via the inverter 22 (and converter). . In this way, by heating the first reactor 26, the ammonia C ′ fixed in the first reactor 26 is released by an endothermic reaction, passes through the ammonia pipe 30, and passes through the second reactor. It is transported to 28. As shown in FIG. 2, the transported ammonia C ′ is fixed to the chemical heat storage material in the reaction chamber 42 of the second reactor 28 by an exothermic reaction, and is regenerated to the initial state. In addition, this exothermic reaction is maintained by supplying the heat medium B of predetermined temperature (for example, -30 degreeC-10 degreeC) to the heat medium flow path 40 of the 2nd reactor 28, for example. By performing such a regeneration process, it is possible to repeatedly warm up the first power supply 10 and the like.

  As described above, at least one of the electric power output from the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 and the regenerative electric power is supplied to the heater, and the chemical heat storage material is regenerated, for example, driving of the vehicle At the end time, the regeneration of the chemical heat storage material is completed, and the first power source can be quickly warmed up by the chemical heat storage device at the start of the next travel.

  Next, an embodiment in which regenerative electric power from a vehicle is supplied to a first power source 10, a second power source 12, a heater such as a heater, and the like will be described.

  FIG. 14A is a diagram for explaining an example of distribution of regenerative power from the vehicle when the first power source is less than the control center charging rate, and FIG. 14B is a diagram illustrating the control center charging of the first power source. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of distribution of the regenerative electric power from a vehicle when it is more than a rate.

  When the chemical heat storage material is regenerated while the vehicle is running, the control device 15 determines whether or not the charging rate of the first power source 10 is less than the set control center charging rate, and the first power source When the charging rate of 10 is less than the control center charging rate, regenerative power from the vehicle is preferentially supplied to the first power supply 10 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the charging rate of the 1st power supply 10 can be rapidly recovered to a control center charging rate, and the drive performance etc. of a vehicle can be exhibited efficiently. Then, for example, in the remaining regenerative power that exceeds the power that can be input to the first power supply 10, the control device 15 distributes the regenerative power to the heater (heater) of the chemical heat storage device. Thereby, a chemical heat storage material can be rapidly regenerated. Furthermore, for example, if the regenerative power is higher than the maximum rated power of the heater among the remaining regenerative power, the control device 15 distributes the regenerative power to the second power supply 12. Thereby, since the capacity | capacitance and output of the 2nd power supply 12 can be maintained high, the fuel consumption improvement of a vehicle is attained.

  Further, when the chemical heat storage material is regenerated while the vehicle is running, the control device 15 displays the regenerative power from the vehicle when the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is equal to or higher than the set control center charging rate. As shown in FIG. 14 (B), it is preferentially supplied to the heater (regeneration heater). This is because the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is equal to or higher than the control center charging rate, and the output performance of the first power supply 10 is ensured, so that the power distribution priority is lowered. And a chemical heat storage material can be rapidly regenerated by supplying regenerative electric power preferentially to a heater. And if there exists electric power more than the maximum rated electric power of a heater among the remaining regenerative electric power, for example, the control apparatus 15 will distribute the regenerative electric power to the 2nd power supply 12. FIG. Thereby, the fuel consumption of the vehicle can be improved. Further, when the remaining regenerative power exceeds, for example, the power that can be input to the second power supply 12, the regenerative power is distributed to the first power supply 10. As a result, the regenerative power can be efficiently recovered and the fuel consumption of the vehicle can be improved. Thus, it is preferable to distribute the regenerative power preferentially to the second power source 12 rather than the first power source 10. This is because the input power of the first power supply 10 in a state where the control center charging rate is high is deteriorated, so that when the regenerative power is input in preference to the second power supply 12, the power supply This is because there is a possibility that large input power cannot be instantaneously received as a whole. On the other hand, since the second power supply 12 has a higher energy density than the first power supply 10, even if regenerative power is input in preference to the first power supply 10, a decrease in input performance of the second power supply 12 is suppressed. be able to.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing another example of distribution of regenerative power. As shown in FIG. 15, regenerative power exceeding the sum of input powers of the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 may occur. Such large regenerative power is, for example, when the vehicle is traveling at a low vehicle speed and low road surface friction, and after the tire slips and the motor speed rapidly increases, the grip of the tire recovers again and the motor rotates. This occurs when the phenomenon of returning to low rotation occurs within a short time, or when regeneration is performed at high deceleration at low temperatures. Therefore, when such a large regenerative power is generated and exceeds the sum of input powers of the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12, the regenerative power corresponding to the input power of the first power supply 10 is Input to the first power supply 10 and input the regenerative power corresponding to the input power of the second power supply 12 to the second power supply 12, and the input power of the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 12 from the regenerative power. It is desirable to distribute the surplus power obtained by subtracting the sum of the above to the heater of the chemical heat storage device. The method of supplying a part of the regenerative power to the heater is not particularly limited. For example, a control device such as a switching element such as an IGBT is provided on the regenerative power supply line connected to the heater to control the control device. For example, a method of controlling supply / stop of electric power to the heater by turning on / off the control switch 15.

  As another embodiment, when regenerating the chemical heat storage material, the control device 15 determines whether or not the charging rate of the first power supply 10 is equal to or higher than the control center charging rate, and is equal to or higher than the control center charging rate. In some cases, for example, the above-described control switch or the like is turned on to supply power from the first power supply 10 to the heater. In this case, the control device 15 controls the output of the first power supply 10 so that the charging rate of the first power supply 10 approaches the control center charging rate. Thereby, while improving the input performance of the 1st power supply 10, reproduction | regeneration of a chemical heat storage material is also attained.

  In another embodiment, when the travel time or travel distance of the vehicle is short, the regeneration of the chemical heat storage material may not end during the travel of the vehicle. Therefore, it is preferable to regenerate the chemical heat storage material at the end of the running of the vehicle. In such a case, for example, the control device 15 turns on the control switch and controls the converter to control the first power supply 10. The power may be supplied from at least one of the second power source 12 and the second power source 12. Thereby, the 1st power supply 10 can be warmed up reliably at the time of the next driving | running | working start.

  The heating of the first reactor 26 performed during the regeneration process is not necessarily limited to the heater. For example, the first reactor 26 may be heated by a heating device that uses exhaust heat generated in the vehicle. In addition, when using the exhaust heat generated in the vehicle, it is not necessary to install a heater in the first reactor 26. The heating device includes a steam generator that generates steam using exhaust heat generated in the vehicle, a fan that supplies a heat medium heated by the exhaust heat generated in the vehicle to the first reactor 26, and heat exchange. For example. Examples of the exhaust heat generated in the vehicle include exhaust heat from the engine and the motor generator 24, heat loss from the inverter 22, exhaust heat from the transaxle, and the like.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply circuit, 10 1st power supply, 10a cell, 12 2nd power supply, 14 Warm-up apparatus or chemical thermal storage apparatus, 15 Control apparatus, 16 Power supply system, 18 1st converter, 20 2nd converter, 22 Inverter , 24 External load or motor generator, 26 First reactor, 28 Second reactor, 30 Ammonia piping, 30a valve, 32, 38 housing, 34, 40 Heat medium flow path, 36, 42 Reaction chamber, 44 Heat exchanger, 46 channel plate, 48 inlet manifold, 50 outlet manifold, 52 channels.

Claims (15)

A first power source, a second power source, a warming-up unit for warming up the power source, a control center charging rate setting unit for setting a control center charging rate as a target value when controlling input / output of the power source, A vehicle power supply system comprising:
The first power source has a higher power density than the second power source, the second power source has a higher energy density than the first power source,
The warm-up means starts warm-up of the first power source in a predetermined period before the start of traveling of the vehicle or in a predetermined period after the start of traveling,
The control center charging rate setting means sets the control center charging rate of the first power source based on at least the temperature of the first power source at which warm-up has started. . A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 1,
When the temperature of the first power source is lower than a preset first set temperature, the control center charging rate setting means sets the control center charging rate of the first power source to the input of the first power source. And a first control center charging rate higher than a reference charging rate which is a charging rate when the output values are equal to each other. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 2,
When the temperature of the first power source is equal to or higher than the first set temperature and the temperature of the second power source is lower than a preset second set temperature, the control center charging rate setting means A power supply system for a vehicle, wherein a control center charging rate of one power source is set to a second control center charging rate that is lower than the first control center charging rate and higher than the reference charging rate. It is a power supply system for vehicles given in any 1 paragraph of Claims 1-3,
Input / output control means for controlling input / output of the first power source and the second power source;
When the charging rate of the first power source is less than the control center charging rate of the first power source, the input / output control means changes the charging rate of the first power source to the control center charging rate of the first power source. A power supply system for a vehicle, wherein the power input of the first power supply is controlled so as to be close to each other. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 4,
The power supply system for a vehicle, wherein the input / output control means outputs electric power input to the first power supply from the second power supply. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 4,
The input / output control means causes the regenerative power from the vehicle to be input to the first power source, and when the power that can be output from the second power source is larger than the traveling load of the vehicle, A power supply system for a vehicle, wherein surplus power for the travel load is input to the first power supply among power output from the power supply. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 5,
The input / output control means is a smaller one of input possible power determined based on the temperature and charging rate of the first power source and output possible power determined based on the temperature and charging rate of the second power source. The vehicle power system is characterized in that the first power is input to the first power as the power output from the second power. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 4,
The input / output control means is configured such that the temperature of the first power supply before warm-up is less than a predetermined threshold value, and the charging rate of the first power supply is the first power supply at the end of traveling of the vehicle. If the charging rate is less than the control center charging rate, the electric power input to the first power source is set so that the charging rate of the first power source approaches the control center charging rate of the first power source at the end of traveling of the vehicle. A power supply system for a vehicle, wherein the second power supply is used for output. It is a power supply system for vehicles given in any 1 paragraph of Claims 1-8,
The warming-up means is a chemical heat storage device having a chemical heat storage material that stores heat when ammonia is released and dissipates heat when ammonia is fixed,
The chemical heat storage device includes a heater for regenerating the chemical heat storage material that generates heat when power is supplied. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 9,
When regenerating the chemical heat storage material, at least one of electric power output from the first power supply, electric power output from the second power supply, and regenerative electric power from the vehicle is supplied to the heater. A power supply system for a vehicle characterized by being supplied. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 9,
When regenerating the chemical heat storage material, if the charging rate of the first power source is less than the control center charging rate of the first power source, the regenerative power from the vehicle is the first power source, The heater is supplied in the order of the second power source,
When regenerating the chemical heat storage material, if the charging rate of the first power source is equal to or higher than the control center charging rate of the first power source, regenerative power from the vehicle is supplied to the heater, A power supply system for a vehicle, wherein the power supply is supplied in the order of two power supplies and the first power supply. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 9,
When the regenerative power from the vehicle is greater than the sum of the input powers determined based on the temperature and the charging rate of the first power source and the second power source, the regenerative power from the vehicle can be input. A surplus power with respect to the sum of power is supplied to the heater. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 9,
When regenerating the chemical heat storage material, if the charging rate of the first power source is higher than the control center charging rate of the first power source, the charging rate of the first power source is set to that of the first power source. A power supply system for a vehicle, wherein power of the first power supply is supplied to the heater so as to approach a control center charging rate. A power supply system for a vehicle according to claim 9,
When the chemical heat storage material is regenerated at the end of travel of the vehicle, at least one of the first power source and the second power source is supplied to the heater. Power system. A first power source, a second power source, a warming-up unit for warming up the power source, a control center charging rate setting unit for setting a control center charging rate as a target value when controlling input / output of the power source, A power supply system comprising:
The first power source has a higher power density than the second power source, the second power source has a higher energy density than the first power source,
The warm-up means starts warm-up of the first power source in a predetermined period before or after operation of the device on which the power supply system is mounted,
The control center charging rate setting means sets the control center charging rate of the first power supply based on at least the temperature of the first power supply at which warm-up has started.