JP2008214735A - Method for operating blast furnace - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 140
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
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- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、安定した低還元材比操業を実施するための高炉の操業方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for operating a blast furnace for performing a stable operation with a low reducing material ratio.
近年、地球環境問題を背景として、製鉄所においても炭酸ガス（ＣＯ2）発生抑制が強く要求されている。これを受け、最近の高炉操業では低還元材比（低ＲＡＲ）操業が強力に推進されている。しかしながら、ＲＡＲ（Reduction Agent Ratio：銑鉄１ｔ製造当たりの、微粉炭、廃プラ、ＬＮＧ、重油などの吹き込み燃料と炉頂から装入されるコークスの合計量）が低下すると、原理的に送風量が低下し、この結果、シャフト上部においては装入物の昇温が遅れ、順調な還元が達成されなくなるばかりか、亜鉛化合物などの壁付きが助長され風圧変動や荷下がり異常などの炉況不調を招くことが懸念されている。また炉頂温度が低下して１００℃を割り込むような場合には、排ガス中の水分が配管内に凝縮する問題が生じる。 In recent years, there has been a strong demand for suppression of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) generation at steelworks against the background of global environmental problems. In response to this, in recent blast furnace operations, low-reducing material ratio (low RAR) operations are being strongly promoted. However, when the RAR (Reduction Agent Ratio: the total amount of injected fuel such as pulverized coal, waste plastic, LNG, and heavy oil and coke charged from the top of the furnace per 1 ton of pig iron) decreases, As a result, the temperature rise of the charged material is delayed at the upper part of the shaft and smooth reduction is not achieved, and the addition of a wall of zinc compound is promoted, resulting in furnace conditions such as wind pressure fluctuations and unloading abnormalities. There is concern about inviting. In addition, when the furnace top temperature decreases and falls below 100 ° C., there is a problem that moisture in the exhaust gas is condensed in the pipe.
通常の高炉操業において、上記のような各種炉況不調、特に炉上部の昇温不良を回避するには、
（ａ）酸素富化率を下げ、ガス量を増す（熱流比を下げ、ガス温度を上昇させる）
（ｂ）微粉炭など燃料吹き込み量を増す（熱流比を下げ、ガス温度を上昇させる）
（ｃ）還元効率（シャフト効率）を下げ、還元材比を高くする
などの対策がとられるのが通例である。しかしながら、上記（ａ）の対策は生産量低下に繋がるため望ましくない。上記（ｂ）は吹き込み能力の余裕代に依存するが、能力限界近くで操業している製鉄所では、その増加量に制約がある。また燃料吹き込み量を増した場合には、ボッシュガス量が増え生産量を低下させるため、酸素富化を同時に実施する必要がある。しかし、使用できる酸素量にも供給能力上の制限がある。上記（ｃ）はわざわざ効率を下げた操業を指向することで、ＣＯ2削減に関する本来の目的に逆行する。
In normal blast furnace operation, in order to avoid the above-mentioned various furnace conditions, especially the temperature rise failure at the top of the furnace,
(A) Decrease oxygen enrichment and increase gas volume (lower heat flow ratio and increase gas temperature)
(B) Increase the amount of pulverized coal or other fuel injected (lower the heat flow ratio and increase the gas temperature)
(C) Usually, measures such as reducing the reduction efficiency (shaft efficiency) and increasing the reducing material ratio are taken. However, the measure (a) is not desirable because it leads to a decrease in production. The above (b) depends on the margin of the blowing capacity, but the amount of increase is limited in the steelworks operating near the capacity limit. Further, when the amount of fuel injected is increased, the amount of Bosch gas increases and the production volume decreases, so it is necessary to simultaneously enrich oxygen. However, the amount of oxygen that can be used is limited in terms of supply capacity. The above (c) goes back to the original purpose related to CO 2 reduction by aiming at the operation with reduced efficiency.
一方、純酸素送風を前提とした酸素高炉プロセスにおいては、原理的に高炉内を通過するガス量が少なくなるため、本質的に炉上部の昇温が困難なプロセスである。この炉上部温度を上昇させる方法としては、炉頂ガスを一部循環させてシャフト上部へ吹き込む方法（例えば、特許文献１、非特許文献１参照。）を用いることができる。
上記のように、低ＲＡＲ操業を行なう場合は、通常の操業範囲内での操業条件の変更で各種炉況不調、特に炉上部の昇温不良を回避することは困難である。 As described above, when performing a low RAR operation, it is difficult to avoid various furnace conditions, particularly temperature rise failures in the upper part of the furnace, by changing the operating conditions within the normal operating range.
一方で、純酸素送風を前提とした酸素高炉プロセスにおいては、高炉内を通過するガス量は高々８００〜９００ｍ3（標準状態：以下単にＮｍ3と記載する。）／ｔと極めて少ないため、炉上部を昇温させるためのシャフト上部吹き込みガス量は３００〜４００Ｎｍ3／ｔとかなり膨大なものとなり、またガス温度も約１０００℃まで高める必要がある。このため、大型の昇圧装置、昇温装置などの付帯設備を必要とし、純酸素送風を行なう場合に炉頂ガスを一部循環させてシャフト上部へ吹き込む方法で炉上部を昇温させることは経済的でない。 On the other hand, in the oxygen blast furnace process on the premise of pure oxygen blowing, the amount of gas passing through the blast furnace is at most 800 to 900 m 3 (standard state: hereinafter simply described as Nm 3 ) / t. The amount of gas blown into the upper part of the shaft for raising the temperature of the upper part is as extremely large as 300 to 400 Nm 3 / t, and the gas temperature needs to be raised to about 1000 ° C. For this reason, auxiliary equipment such as a large pressure booster and temperature riser is required, and it is economical to raise the temperature of the furnace upper part by circulating part of the furnace top gas and blowing it to the upper part of the shaft when pure oxygen is blown Not right.
したがって本発明の目的は、上述のような従来技術の課題を解決し、低ＲＡＲ操業を行なう場合であっても、炉況不調、特に炉上部の昇温不良を回避することのできる高炉の操業方法を、低コストで提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and to operate a blast furnace that can avoid a poor furnace condition, particularly a temperature rise failure in the upper part of the furnace, even when low RAR operation is performed. It is to provide a method at a low cost.
このような課題を解決するための本発明の特徴は以下の通りである。
（１）酸素富化率が１０体積％以下の羽口熱風吹込みを行なっている高炉操業において、炉頂温度が１１０℃以下となった場合、炉頂ガス量の１０体積％以下の量のガスをシャフトガスとして高炉シャフト上部から高炉内に吹き込むことを特徴とする高炉の操業方法。
（２）シャフトガスとして、酸素を含まないガスを用いることを特徴とする（１）に記載の高炉の操業方法。
（３）シャフトガスとして、製鉄所でガスホルダーに貯蔵されている高炉発生ガス、または高炉発生ガスとコークス炉発生ガスとの混合ガスを吹き込むことを特徴とする（２）に記載の高炉の操業方法。
（４）シャフトガスとして、炉頂ガスの一部を循環させて吹き込むことを特徴とする（２）に記載の高炉の操業方法。
（５）シャフトガスを脱炭酸後に吹き込むことを特徴とする（３）または（４）に記載の高炉の操業方法。
（６）シャフトガスを５００℃以上に加熱して吹き込むことを特徴とする（１）ないし（５）のいずれかに記載の高炉の操業方法。
The features of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows.
(1) In blast furnace operation in which tuyere hot air blowing with an oxygen enrichment rate of 10% by volume or less is performed, when the furnace top temperature is 110 ° C. or less, the amount of the volume of the furnace top gas is 10% by volume or less. A method of operating a blast furnace, characterized in that gas is injected into the blast furnace from the top of the blast furnace shaft as shaft gas.
(2) The method for operating a blast furnace according to (1), wherein a gas not containing oxygen is used as the shaft gas.
(3) The operation of the blast furnace as described in (2), characterized in that a blast furnace generated gas stored in a gas holder at a steel mill or a mixed gas of blast furnace generated gas and coke oven generated gas is blown as shaft gas. Method.
(4) A method for operating a blast furnace according to (2), wherein a part of the furnace top gas is circulated and blown as the shaft gas.
(5) The method for operating a blast furnace according to (3) or (4), wherein the shaft gas is blown after decarboxylation.
(6) The method for operating a blast furnace according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the shaft gas is heated to 500 ° C. or more and blown.
本発明によれば、低ＲＡＲ操業時の装入物の昇温不良、あるいは炉頂温度低下時の水分凝縮等のトラブルに対してフレキシブルに対応でき、低ＲＡＲ操業を安定的に継続して行なうことができる。また、脱炭酸技術を組み合わせることで製鉄所から発生するＣＯ2量を大きく削減でき、地球環境保全に貢献できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to flexibly deal with troubles such as poor heating of the charged material during low RAR operation or moisture condensation when the furnace top temperature is lowered, and low RAR operation is stably continued. be able to. Also, by combining decarbonation technology, the amount of CO 2 generated from steelworks can be greatly reduced, contributing to global environmental conservation.
本発明の一実施形態を図１に示す。 One embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
図１は、高炉およびその周辺設備の概略図である。本発明においては炉上部を昇温させるためにシャフト上部から高炉内にガス吹込みを行うこととし、そのために高炉の羽口送風の酸素富化率が１０体積％以下での操業を前提とする。前述したように、酸素富化率が増加するに従い、高炉内を通過するガス量が減り、シャフト上部を昇温するために必要なシャフト上部吹き込みガス（以下、「シャフトガス」と記載する。）量が大幅に増加するためである。このような低酸素富化率での条件下で操業を行ない、炉頂温度が１１０℃以下となった場合に、炉頂ガス温度を上昇させ得る量のシャフトガスをシャフト上部から吹き込むことで、炉頂温度を上昇させる。なお、シャフト部とは高炉の上部から下方にかけて下広がりになった部分である。 FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blast furnace and its peripheral equipment. In the present invention, gas is blown into the blast furnace from the upper part of the shaft in order to raise the temperature of the upper part of the furnace. For this purpose, it is assumed that the oxygen enrichment rate of the blast furnace air blow is 10% by volume or less. . As described above, as the oxygen enrichment rate increases, the amount of gas passing through the blast furnace decreases, and the shaft top blowing gas (hereinafter referred to as “shaft gas”) required to raise the temperature of the shaft upper portion. This is because the amount increases significantly. By operating under such a low oxygen enrichment rate, when the furnace top temperature is 110 ° C. or lower, by blowing in an amount of shaft gas from the top of the shaft that can raise the furnace top gas temperature, Increase the furnace top temperature. The shaft portion is a portion that spreads downward from the upper part of the blast furnace.
図１において、高炉１は羽口２から熱風ａを吹込む操業を行なっている。溶銑温度（ＨＭＴ）は約１５００℃である。熱風ａの酸素富化率は１０体積％以下であり、熱風ａとともに微粉炭やＬＮＧ等ｂの吹き込みも行なっている。炉頂ガスｃの温度をモニターし、炉頂温度の低下を検知する。炉頂温度が１１０℃以下になった際には、ガスクリーニング装置３によりダストや水分ｄを除去した炉頂ガスｃの一部について、必要に応じて脱炭酸装置４で脱炭酸を行ないＣＯ2ｅを除去し、燃焼炉５で酸素ｆを加えてその一部を燃焼させることで加熱して、シャフト部上部からシャフトガスｈとして高炉に吹込む。炉頂ガスｃの替わりに、または炉頂ガスｃに加えて、ガスホルダー６から高炉発生ガス（Ｂガス）、または高炉発生ガスとコークス炉発生ガス（Ｃガス）との混合ガスｇを燃焼炉５で加熱して、シャフト部上部からシャフトガスとして高炉に吹込むこともできる。これにより炉頂温度を急速に上昇させることができ、操業の定常状態の炉頂温度へと回復させることができる。
In FIG. 1, a blast furnace 1 performs an operation of blowing hot air a from a tuyere 2. The hot metal temperature (HMT) is about 1500 ° C. The oxygen enrichment rate of the hot air a is 10% by volume or less, and pulverized coal, LNG or the like b is blown together with the hot air a. The temperature of the furnace top gas c is monitored and a decrease in the furnace top temperature is detected. When the furnace top temperature becomes 110 ° C. or lower, a part of the furnace top gas c from which dust and moisture d have been removed by the gas cleaning device 3 is decarboxylated by the
シャフトガスの吹き込み量は、炉頂ガス温度を４０℃程度以上、上昇できる量であれば十分である。図２に標準的な高炉操業条件におけるシャフトガス吹き込み率（シャフトガス吹き込み量の炉頂ガス全量に対する比）と炉頂温度上昇効果の関係を示す。図２によれば、炉頂ガス温度を４０℃上昇させるために必要な条件は、シャフトガス温度が４００℃の場合、吹き込み率は約１２体積％であるが、シャフトガス温度が高温になるほど少なくて済み、例えばシャフトガス温度が１０００℃のときは約３体積％となっている。但し、シャフトガス吹き込みによる高炉内の固体温度を低下させない観点から、シャフトガス温度は５００℃以上であることが望ましい。シャフトガス温度が５００℃の場合に炉頂ガス温度を４０℃上昇させるための吹き込み率は約８体積％であり、よって、操業の変動等を考慮してもシャフトガスの吹き込み率は１０体積％以下であれば十分である。この程度の吹き込み量に限定することにより、例えば非特許文献１に記載されているように、炉頂ガスを多量に循環使用する場合に比べて、吹き込みに要する動力（昇圧）、脱炭酸に要する吸収材等の使用量、および動力を大幅に削減することができる。 The amount of shaft gas blown in is sufficient if the furnace top gas temperature can be raised by about 40 ° C. or more. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the shaft gas blowing rate (ratio of the shaft gas blowing amount to the total amount of furnace top gas) and the effect of raising the furnace top temperature under standard blast furnace operating conditions. According to FIG. 2, the necessary condition for raising the furnace top gas temperature by 40 ° C. is that when the shaft gas temperature is 400 ° C., the blowing rate is about 12% by volume, but the condition becomes smaller as the shaft gas temperature becomes higher. For example, when the shaft gas temperature is 1000 ° C., it is about 3% by volume. However, the shaft gas temperature is preferably 500 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of not lowering the solid temperature in the blast furnace due to the shaft gas blowing. When the shaft gas temperature is 500 ° C., the blowing rate for raising the furnace top gas temperature by 40 ° C. is about 8% by volume. Therefore, the shaft gas blowing rate is 10% by volume even if the fluctuation of operation is taken into consideration. The following is sufficient. By limiting to this amount of blowing, for example, as described in Non-Patent Document 1, compared with the case where a large amount of furnace top gas is circulated and used, the power required for blowing (pressure increase) and decarbonation are required. The amount of absorbent material used and power can be greatly reduced.
シャフトガスの吹き込み位置はシャフト上部であり、高炉本体の高さのおよそ上部１／３以内の領域（炉内容積５０００ｍ3クラスの高炉では装入面から、装入面の下方約１０ｍ以内の領域）であればよい。 Blowing position of the shaft gas is shaft top, from the loading surface in the blast furnace of approximately upper third region within (furnace capacity 5000 m 3 classes of blast furnace body height, a region within approximately lower SoIrimen 10m ).
シャフトガスの吹き込み方法に関しては、高炉操業条件（炉上部温度上昇アクション、例えば酸素富化率、微粉炭吹き込み量など）を変更しない場合はシャフトガス吹き込みを停止すると効果が失われるため、連続吹き込みが前提となる。シャフトガス吹き込みを実施中に高炉操業条件を変更する場合は、炉上部温度上昇が見込まれた時点でシャフトガス吹き込みを停止すればよい。 With regard to the shaft gas blowing method, if the blast furnace operating conditions (furnace upper temperature rise action, such as oxygen enrichment rate, pulverized coal blowing amount, etc.) are not changed, the effect will be lost if the shaft gas blowing is stopped. It is a premise. When changing the operating conditions of the blast furnace during the shaft gas blowing, the shaft gas blowing may be stopped when the temperature rise in the upper furnace is expected.
シャフトガスとして、酸素を含まないガスを用いることが好ましい。酸素を含むガスを用いると、還元中の鉄酸化物（Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＦｅＯ）を再酸化させるためである。尚、酸素を含まないガスとは、Ｏ2としての酸素ガスを含まないガスであることを意味する。 It is preferable to use a gas that does not contain oxygen as the shaft gas. This is because when a gas containing oxygen is used, the iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 , FeO) being reduced is reoxidized. Incidentally, the gas not containing oxygen means a gas not containing oxygen gas as O 2 .
シャフトガスとして、製鉄所でガスホルダーに貯蔵されている高炉発生ガス（Ｂガス）、または高炉発生ガスとコークス炉発生ガス（Ｃガス）の混合ガスを用いることができる。高炉で発生する副生ガスであるＢガス（主成分ＣＯ、ＣＯ2、Ｎ2）およびコークス炉で発生する副生ガスであるＣガス（主成分水素、メタン）は製鉄所で多量に発生、または貯蔵されているので、シャフトガスとして用いることで有効利用が可能である。このＢガス、またはＢガスとＣガスとの混合ガスは、そのまま昇圧して吹き込むか、脱炭酸した後に高炉に吹き込む。脱炭酸することでＣＯ主体の高カロリーガスとなるため、燃焼炉で使用する酸素量を減らすことができる。また脱炭酸されたＣＯ2を大気中に放散させなければ地球環境保全に貢献できる。 As the shaft gas, a blast furnace generated gas (B gas) stored in a gas holder at an ironworks or a mixed gas of a blast furnace generated gas and a coke oven generated gas (C gas) can be used. B gas (main component CO, CO 2 , N 2 ), which is a by-product gas generated in the blast furnace, and C gas (main component hydrogen, methane), which is a by-product gas generated in the coke oven, are generated in large quantities at the steelworks. Or, since it is stored, it can be effectively used as a shaft gas. This B gas or a mixed gas of B gas and C gas is blown up as it is, or blown into a blast furnace after decarboxylation. Decarbonation results in a high-calorie gas mainly composed of CO, so that the amount of oxygen used in the combustion furnace can be reduced. Moreover, if the decarboxylated CO 2 is not released into the atmosphere, it can contribute to the conservation of the global environment.
またはシャフトガスとして、ガスホルダーに貯蔵されている高炉発生ガス（Ｂガス）でなく、高炉発生ガス（炉頂ガス）を直接、高炉の炉頂配管から一部を分岐して、そのまま昇圧して吹き込むか、脱炭酸後に吹き込むことも好ましい。炉頂ガスには、さらにガスホルダーに貯蔵されている高炉発生ガス（Ｂガス）やコークス炉発生ガス（Ｃガス）を混合して吹込むこともできる。 Or, as shaft gas, instead of the blast furnace generated gas (B gas) stored in the gas holder, the blast furnace generated gas (furnace top gas) is directly branched from the blast furnace top piping and partially pressurized. It is also preferable to blow in or after decarboxylation. Blast furnace generated gas (B gas) and coke oven generated gas (C gas) stored in a gas holder can be mixed and blown into the furnace top gas.
シャフトガスを吹込む場合、前述の理由でシャフトガス温度は５００℃程度以上とすることが好ましいが、シャフトガスを加熱する際の加熱方式は時に限定されるものではなく、重油やＬＮＧを燃料とした間接加熱方式の燃焼炉、シャフトガスそのもの（ＢガスおよびＣガス）を酸素と混合して燃焼して昇温する直接加熱方式などを採用すればよい。 When the shaft gas is blown, the shaft gas temperature is preferably about 500 ° C. or more for the above-mentioned reasons, but the heating method for heating the shaft gas is not limited at times, and heavy oil or LNG is used as fuel. An indirect heating type combustion furnace, a direct heating method in which shaft gas itself (B gas and C gas) is mixed with oxygen and burned to increase the temperature may be employed.
炉内容積５０００ｍ3の高炉において、通常の操業ではＬＮＧ吹き込み量を２５ｋｇ／ｔ、酸素富化率６体積％で操業を行っていた。増産要求に応えるため、ＬＮＧ吹き込み量を３０ｋｇ／ｔまで増量すると同時に酸素富化率を８体積％まで増加させたところ、炉頂温度が１３０℃から１０５℃へと急激に低下し、昇温不良に伴う通気変動が検知されるようになり、かつ配管内への水分の凝縮も問題となった。 In a blast furnace with a furnace volume of 5000 m 3 , in normal operation, the operation was performed with an LNG blowing rate of 25 kg / t and an oxygen enrichment rate of 6% by volume. In order to meet the demand for increased production, the LNG blowing rate was increased to 30 kg / t and at the same time the oxygen enrichment rate was increased to 8% by volume. As a result, the furnace top temperature rapidly decreased from 130 ° C to 105 ° C, resulting in poor temperature rise. As a result, the air flow fluctuations associated with the pipes can be detected, and the condensation of moisture into the pipes has also become a problem.
そこで、シャフトガスの吹き込みを行うことにした。シャフトガスとしては高炉発生ガス（Ｂガス）ホルダーに貯蔵されているＢガスを用いた。このＢガス１００Ｎｍ3／ｔ相当を５Ｎｍ3／ｔ相当の酸素とともに加熱炉内で混合して混合ガスとし、Ｂガスを部分燃焼させて混合ガスの温度を約６００℃まで昇温させた。そしてこの部分燃焼混合ガスをシャフト上部（装入面から５ｍ下方位置）から吹き込んだ。この結果、炉頂温度は急速に上昇し、定常状態では１４０℃に達した。 Therefore, we decided to blow shaft gas. B gas stored in a blast furnace generated gas (B gas) holder was used as the shaft gas. The B Gas 100 Nm 3 / t corresponds to a 5 Nm 3 / t equivalent mixed gas is mixed in the furnace together with oxygen, and B gas allowed to warm up to about 600 ° C. The temperature of the mixture gas by partial combustion. And this partial combustion mixed gas was blown in from the upper part of the shaft (a position 5 m below the charging surface). As a result, the furnace top temperature rose rapidly and reached 140 ° C. in a steady state.
上述の操作の結果、高炉操業の通気変動は回復し、配管内への水分の凝縮も完全に回避され、安定した操業に移行できた。 As a result of the above-mentioned operation, the fluctuation in the ventilation of the blast furnace operation was recovered, the condensation of moisture into the piping was completely avoided, and a stable operation was possible.
１ 高炉
２ 羽口
３ ガスクリーニング装置
４ 脱炭酸装置
５ 燃焼炉
６ ガスホルダー
ａ 熱風
ｂ 微粉炭やＬＮＧ等
ｃ 炉頂ガス
ｄ 水分
ｅ ＣＯ2
ｆ 酸素
ｇ Ｂガス、またはＢガスとＣガスとの混合ガス
ｈ シャフトガス
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blast furnace 2 tuyere 3
f Oxygen g B gas or mixed gas of B gas and C gas h Shaft gas
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