JP2008202933A - 熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器 - Google Patents

熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器 Download PDF

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JP2008202933A
JP2008202933A JP2008100972A JP2008100972A JP2008202933A JP 2008202933 A JP2008202933 A JP 2008202933A JP 2008100972 A JP2008100972 A JP 2008100972A JP 2008100972 A JP2008100972 A JP 2008100972A JP 2008202933 A JP2008202933 A JP 2008202933A
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Friedemann Suttrop
ズットロプ フリーデマン
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    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/46—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions
    • B64G1/50—Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions for temperature control
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F17C13/10—Arrangements for preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
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    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

【課題】熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器において、熱提供媒体の凝縮或いは凍結を確実に阻止し、蒸発器の簡潔でコンパクトな構成を保証する。
【解決手段】蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体のためのダクト（２３，２４）と、被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクト（１７）とを備え、被蒸発媒体のためのダクト（２３，２４）が、熱提供媒体のためのダクト（１７）を取り囲んでいる、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器において、被蒸発媒体のためのダクト（２３，２４）を、被蒸発媒体のための入口（２０）と連通して被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部（２４）と、該管螺旋部（２４）を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口（２１）と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間（２３）とから構成する。
【選択図】図１

Description

本発明は、蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体のためのダクトと、被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクトとを備え、被蒸発媒体のためのダクトが、熱提供媒体のためのダクトを取り囲んでいる、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器に関するものである。
この種の蒸発器は、通常板型熱交換器または多管型熱交換器として構成され、媒体を低温で且つ液状でタンクに貯蔵し、ガス状の凝集状態で供給する必要がある場合に用いられる。例えば、液体水素或いは液体天然ガスのような低温液体をエネルギー担持体として飛行機のエンジン、特にターボエンジンに対して使用するのがその一例である。
この種の蒸発器の特徴は、蒸発されるべき媒体の吸込み温度が非常に低く、わずかに２０Ｋ（−２５３℃）にすぎないことである。低温液体を蒸発（場合によっては過熱）させるための熱源として、蒸発器には大気、或いはエンジンの排ガス、或いは加熱された他の媒体が供給されるので、この種の媒体が非常に冷えた表面と接触してその露点または氷点以下に冷却され、一部が蒸発器の表面で液化または氷結する危険がある。
このような危険は、熱伝達が悪化し、それにより蒸発器の熱吸込み側で表面温度が高くなることによって生じるのが通例である。このためこの種の蒸発器は大型に重く構成されることになるが、これは特に航空及び宇宙飛行への適用の際に望ましいことではない。
本発明の課題は、熱提供媒体（例えば空気または排ガス）の凝縮或いは凍結を確実に阻止し、その際蒸発器の簡潔でコンパクトな構成を保証するような、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器を提供することである。
本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、被蒸発媒体のためのダクトが、被蒸発媒体のための入口と連通して被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部と、該管螺旋部を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間とから成っていることを特徴とするものである。
本発明の有利な構成は、従属項に記載されている。
図１は、本発明による蒸発器の１実施形態の縦断面図である。この実施形態における蒸発器１５は、外被部１６と、内被部１７と、二つの端壁１８と１９と、被蒸発媒体のための入口２０と、被蒸発媒体のための出口２１と、絶縁体２２とから構成されている。この場合、外被部１６及び内被部１７と端壁１８，１９とは気密に中空空間２３を形成している。この蒸発器１５の場合も、蒸発されるべき媒体が貫流する経路は、往流部と還流部から構成されている。このため、中空空間２３の中に管螺旋部２４が設けられている。管螺旋部２４は、螺旋を形成している管が外被部１６及び内被部１７に均等に接触するように中空空間２３のなかに挿入されている。図１において管螺旋部２４の左端は入口２０にだけ連通しており、これに対し管螺旋部２４の右端は開放されて中空空間２３に開口している。内被部１７は被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクトを形成しており、外被部１６は内被部１７とともに被蒸発媒体のためのダクトを形成し、すなわち被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部２４と、該管螺旋部２４を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口２１と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間２３とから成る、被蒸発媒体のためのダクトを形成している。
蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体が入口２０に導入されると、被蒸発媒体は管螺旋部２４を図１において左側から右側へ貫流し、管螺旋部２４の端部において中空空間２３内へ達する。次に中空空間２３から被蒸発媒体は管螺旋部２４と外被部１６または内被部１７の間にある楔形横断面のダクトを通って還流し、出口２１に達する。矢印２５の方向に流れる熱提供媒体媒体から放出される熱のために、蒸発した媒体はガス状の状態で出口２１から流出する。
図２は、図１の管螺旋部に板細条部２６を設けた蒸発器の構成を示す。管螺旋部２４の外側には、内被部１７のまわりにねじ状の板細条部２６が巻き付けられ、内被部１７に溶接されている。この構成は、蒸発器の内圧が高い場合に内被部１７を補強する用を成す。これにより、内被部７がへこむのを回避できる。
本発明による蒸発器の特徴は、まず被蒸発媒体（例えば液体水素のような低温液状媒体）を往流部において蒸発させ、ある程度まで過熱させ、この往流部を貫流させた後、還流させる点にある。このように還流され過熱された被蒸発媒体は、露点が２０Ｋと低いので、この温度に再冷却される場合にだけ凝縮することがあるが、この点は蒸発器を適宜構成することにより容易に回避できる。
本発明による蒸発器は、温度が非常に異なる媒体を処理できるという利点を提供する。また、この場合極めて軽量の構成が維持される。
実際の作動においては、内被部１７は熱ガス管の構成要素である。本発明による蒸発器は、熱を提供する要素が例えば燃焼室である場合にも効果的に適用することができる。この点は、例えば蒸発器を搭載した燃焼室に関わる特許出願１９５４７５１１５に開示されている。
本発明による蒸発器の縦断面図である。 板細条部を設けた、図１の蒸発器の構成図である。
符号の説明
１６ 外被部
１７ 内被部
２０ 被蒸発媒体のための入口
２１ 被蒸発媒体のための出口
２３ 中空空間
２４ 管螺旋部
２６ 板細条部

Claims (5)

  1. 蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体のためのダクト（２３，２４）と、被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクト（１７）とを備え、被蒸発媒体のためのダクト（２３，２４）が、熱提供媒体のためのダクト（１７）を取り囲んでいる、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器において、
    被蒸発媒体のためのダクト（２３，２４）が、被蒸発媒体のための入口（２０）と連通して被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部（２４）と、該管螺旋部（２４）を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口（２１）と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間（２３）とから成っていることを特徴とする蒸発器。
  2. 被蒸発媒体往流部及び被蒸発媒体還流部の少なくとも一方が、フライス削りされた要素から形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の蒸発器。
  3. 熱提供媒体のためのダクトが燃焼室であることを特徴とする、請求項１または２に記載の蒸発器。
  4. 熱提供媒体のためのダクト（１７）のまわりにねじ状に巻きつけられた板細条部（２６）が設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項１から３までのいずれか一つに記載の蒸発器。
  5. 板細条部（２６）が熱提供媒体のためのダクト（１７）に溶接されていることを特徴とする、請求項４に記載の蒸発器。
JP2008100972A 1996-05-03 2008-04-09 熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器 Expired - Fee Related JP4317894B2 (ja)

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EP0805303A3 (de) 1998-01-28
JP4317894B2 (ja) 2009-08-19
DE19617916B4 (de) 2007-02-01
DE19617916A1 (de) 1997-11-13
RU2135911C1 (ru) 1999-08-27
US6092590A (en) 2000-07-25
EP0805303A2 (de) 1997-11-05
JPH10160361A (ja) 1998-06-19
US6263678B1 (en) 2001-07-24
EP0805303B1 (de) 2007-01-10

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