JP2008202933A - 熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器 - Google Patents

熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器 Download PDF

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JP2008202933A
JP2008202933A JP2008100972A JP2008100972A JP2008202933A JP 2008202933 A JP2008202933 A JP 2008202933A JP 2008100972 A JP2008100972 A JP 2008100972A JP 2008100972 A JP2008100972 A JP 2008100972A JP 2008202933 A JP2008202933 A JP 2008202933A
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Friedemann Suttrop
ズットロプ フリーデマン
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/46Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions
    • B64G1/50Arrangements or adaptations of devices for control of environment or living conditions for temperature control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/026Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled and formed by bent members, e.g. plates, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/012Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/032Avoiding freezing or defrosting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
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    • F17C2270/0186Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189Planes
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    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
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    • F28D2021/0047Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for hydrogen or other compressed gas storage tanks
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Abstract

【課題】熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器において、熱提供媒体の凝縮或いは凍結を確実に阻止し、蒸発器の簡潔でコンパクトな構成を保証する。
【解決手段】蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体のためのダクト(23,24)と、被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクト(17)とを備え、被蒸発媒体のためのダクト(23,24)が、熱提供媒体のためのダクト(17)を取り囲んでいる、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器において、被蒸発媒体のためのダクト(23,24)を、被蒸発媒体のための入口(20)と連通して被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部(24)と、該管螺旋部(24)を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口(21)と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間(23)とから構成する。
【選択図】図1

Description

本発明は、蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体のためのダクトと、被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクトとを備え、被蒸発媒体のためのダクトが、熱提供媒体のためのダクトを取り囲んでいる、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器に関するものである。
この種の蒸発器は、通常板型熱交換器または多管型熱交換器として構成され、媒体を低温で且つ液状でタンクに貯蔵し、ガス状の凝集状態で供給する必要がある場合に用いられる。例えば、液体水素或いは液体天然ガスのような低温液体をエネルギー担持体として飛行機のエンジン、特にターボエンジンに対して使用するのがその一例である。
この種の蒸発器の特徴は、蒸発されるべき媒体の吸込み温度が非常に低く、わずかに20K(−253℃)にすぎないことである。低温液体を蒸発(場合によっては過熱)させるための熱源として、蒸発器には大気、或いはエンジンの排ガス、或いは加熱された他の媒体が供給されるので、この種の媒体が非常に冷えた表面と接触してその露点または氷点以下に冷却され、一部が蒸発器の表面で液化または氷結する危険がある。
このような危険は、熱伝達が悪化し、それにより蒸発器の熱吸込み側で表面温度が高くなることによって生じるのが通例である。このためこの種の蒸発器は大型に重く構成されることになるが、これは特に航空及び宇宙飛行への適用の際に望ましいことではない。
本発明の課題は、熱提供媒体(例えば空気または排ガス)の凝縮或いは凍結を確実に阻止し、その際蒸発器の簡潔でコンパクトな構成を保証するような、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器を提供することである。
本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、被蒸発媒体のためのダクトが、被蒸発媒体のための入口と連通して被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部と、該管螺旋部を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間とから成っていることを特徴とするものである。
本発明の有利な構成は、従属項に記載されている。
図1は、本発明による蒸発器の1実施形態の縦断面図である。この実施形態における蒸発器15は、外被部16と、内被部17と、二つの端壁18と19と、被蒸発媒体のための入口20と、被蒸発媒体のための出口21と、絶縁体22とから構成されている。この場合、外被部16及び内被部17と端壁18,19とは気密に中空空間23を形成している。この蒸発器15の場合も、蒸発されるべき媒体が貫流する経路は、往流部と還流部から構成されている。このため、中空空間23の中に管螺旋部24が設けられている。管螺旋部24は、螺旋を形成している管が外被部16及び内被部17に均等に接触するように中空空間23のなかに挿入されている。図1において管螺旋部24の左端は入口20にだけ連通しており、これに対し管螺旋部24の右端は開放されて中空空間23に開口している。内被部17は被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクトを形成しており、外被部16は内被部17とともに被蒸発媒体のためのダクトを形成し、すなわち被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部24と、該管螺旋部24を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口21と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間23とから成る、被蒸発媒体のためのダクトを形成している。
蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体が入口20に導入されると、被蒸発媒体は管螺旋部24を図1において左側から右側へ貫流し、管螺旋部24の端部において中空空間23内へ達する。次に中空空間23から被蒸発媒体は管螺旋部24と外被部16または内被部17の間にある楔形横断面のダクトを通って還流し、出口21に達する。矢印25の方向に流れる熱提供媒体媒体から放出される熱のために、蒸発した媒体はガス状の状態で出口21から流出する。
図2は、図1の管螺旋部に板細条部26を設けた蒸発器の構成を示す。管螺旋部24の外側には、内被部17のまわりにねじ状の板細条部26が巻き付けられ、内被部17に溶接されている。この構成は、蒸発器の内圧が高い場合に内被部17を補強する用を成す。これにより、内被部7がへこむのを回避できる。
本発明による蒸発器の特徴は、まず被蒸発媒体(例えば液体水素のような低温液状媒体)を往流部において蒸発させ、ある程度まで過熱させ、この往流部を貫流させた後、還流させる点にある。このように還流され過熱された被蒸発媒体は、露点が20Kと低いので、この温度に再冷却される場合にだけ凝縮することがあるが、この点は蒸発器を適宜構成することにより容易に回避できる。
本発明による蒸発器は、温度が非常に異なる媒体を処理できるという利点を提供する。また、この場合極めて軽量の構成が維持される。
実際の作動においては、内被部17は熱ガス管の構成要素である。本発明による蒸発器は、熱を提供する要素が例えば燃焼室である場合にも効果的に適用することができる。この点は、例えば蒸発器を搭載した燃焼室に関わる特許出願195475115に開示されている。
本発明による蒸発器の縦断面図である。 板細条部を設けた、図1の蒸発器の構成図である。
符号の説明
16 外被部
17 内被部
20 被蒸発媒体のための入口
21 被蒸発媒体のための出口
23 中空空間
24 管螺旋部
26 板細条部

Claims (5)

  1. 蒸発されるべき被蒸発媒体のためのダクト(23,24)と、被蒸発媒体に熱を提供する熱提供媒体のためのダクト(17)とを備え、被蒸発媒体のためのダクト(23,24)が、熱提供媒体のためのダクト(17)を取り囲んでいる、熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器において、
    被蒸発媒体のためのダクト(23,24)が、被蒸発媒体のための入口(20)と連通して被蒸発媒体往流部を形成している管螺旋部(24)と、該管螺旋部(24)を取り囲み且つ被蒸発媒体のための出口(21)と連通して被蒸発媒体還流部を形成している中空空間(23)とから成っていることを特徴とする蒸発器。
  2. 被蒸発媒体往流部及び被蒸発媒体還流部の少なくとも一方が、フライス削りされた要素から形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の蒸発器。
  3. 熱提供媒体のためのダクトが燃焼室であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の蒸発器。
  4. 熱提供媒体のためのダクト(17)のまわりにねじ状に巻きつけられた板細条部(26)が設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか一つに記載の蒸発器。
  5. 板細条部(26)が熱提供媒体のためのダクト(17)に溶接されていることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の蒸発器。
JP2008100972A 1996-05-03 2008-04-09 熱交換器の原理で作動する蒸発器 Expired - Fee Related JP4317894B2 (ja)

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DE59712794D1 (de) 2007-02-22
EP0805303A3 (de) 1998-01-28
JP4317894B2 (ja) 2009-08-19
DE19617916B4 (de) 2007-02-01
DE19617916A1 (de) 1997-11-13
RU2135911C1 (ru) 1999-08-27
US6092590A (en) 2000-07-25
EP0805303A2 (de) 1997-11-05
JPH10160361A (ja) 1998-06-19
US6263678B1 (en) 2001-07-24
EP0805303B1 (de) 2007-01-10

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