JP2008161082A - Bean yield-increasing cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bean yield-increasing cultivation method more excellent in yield-increasing effect of beans. <P>SOLUTION: The bean yield-increasing cultivation method comprises at least twice application of a composition containing (A) 14-24C saturated monohydric alcohol and (B) a surfactant during the term before flowering time from the third-leaf development time of leguminous plant. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for increasing the yield of beans such as soybeans.

  Promoting the growth of crops and increasing yields by increasing the yield per unit area are important issues in agricultural production. Normally, nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are indispensable for plant growth, and trace metal elements, are mixed with the original fertilizer and supplementary fertilizer and supplied to plants. Generally, however, the concentration of nutrient elements in fertilizers However, the growth of crops and yields are limited, and the use of a large amount of fertilizer increases the amount of nutrient elements in the soil, resulting in a poor balance of absorption, causing plant growth stagnation, etc. However, problems such as failure to achieve the target increase in sales and quality such as sugar content (Brix. Value) and freshness (greenness) do not increase. Under such circumstances, various plant growth regulators are used in combination.

  As plant growth regulators, for example, plant growth regulators represented by gibberellin, auxin, and cytokinin are used to control germination, rooting, elongation, flowering, fruiting, bud growth, and morphogenesis. ing. In addition, there are known techniques such as foliar spraying using oligosaccharides and liquid fertilizer containing sugar, minerals, amino acids, seaweed extract, and microbial fermentation extract, and solution fertilization. Patent Document 1 discloses the use of a C30 alcohol as a plant growth promoter. Patent Document 2 discloses a plant vitality agent composed of a monohydric alcohol having 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a crop yield increasing agent comprising a specific compound such as a monohydric alcohol having 12 to 24 carbon atoms.

  Patent Documents 1 and 3 are said to be effective in increasing the yield of agricultural products, but do not mention the optimum conditions according to the types of agricultural products. Among them, the optimum conditions for legumes are not mentioned.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a plant growth promoter and a plant vitality agent, but does not mention the final increase in yield of crops.

As also shown in Non-Patent Document 1, regarding soybean, which is a representative bean, there is a strong demand for an increase in supply amount and stability of supply amount of domestic soybean, which is a non-genetically replaced product. However, productivity such as single yield per 10a has been sluggish in recent years. In addition, the world-wide demand for legumes is increasing year by year, and it can be said that it is now very important to develop a technology for further increasing the yield of legumes.
JP 55-40674 JP 2000-198703 A JP 2002-265305 A 2005 Kanto Soybean Forum Presentation Material “Measures for Promoting Domestic Soybeans” (Masayoshi Onishi) (distributed pamphlet on February 22, 2006)

  An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method that is superior to current technology with respect to the effect of increasing the yield of legumes, among other crops.

  The present invention includes a composition comprising a saturated monovalent alcohol (A) having 14 to 24 carbon atoms (hereinafter referred to as “component (A)”) and a surfactant (B) [hereinafter referred to as “component (B)”). The present invention relates to a method for increasing the yield of legumes by applying the product twice or more between the time when the third leaf of the leguminous plant begins to appear and before the flowering period.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the yield increasing cultivation method of the legumes by which the remarkable increase effect of a yield is achieved is provided.

<(A) component>
In the present invention, a saturated monovalent alcohol having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 20 carbon atoms, is used since it is excellent in the effect of increasing legumes. The hydrocarbon group of the monovalent alcohol may be linear, branched or cyclic. A linear or branched chain is preferable, and a linear alkyl group is particularly preferable. Specific examples of the monohydric alcohol include myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanol, behenyl alcohol and the like, alcohols derived from natural fats and oils, and the like.

<(B) component>
Moreover, the composition used for this invention contains surfactant (B) [(B) component] further with the said (A) component.

  As the component (B), the following surfactant is preferably used for the purpose of emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing or promoting penetration of the component (A).

  Nonionic surfactants include sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitol Fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene sorbitol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, resin acid ester, polyoxyalkylene resin acid ester, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether, alkyl (poly) glycoside, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ( Poly) glycoside, alkyl alkanolamide, sugar fatty acid amide and the like. Here, examples of the sugar fatty acid amide include those having a structure in which a hydrophobic group is bonded to an saccharide or sugar alcohol, for example, a sugar fatty acid amide such as a fatty acid amide of glucose or fructose. Further, those having a structure in which a hydrophobic group is amide-bonded to a sugar or sugar alcohol having an amino group, for example, a sugar fatty acid amide such as a fatty acid amide of N-methylglucamine can be used. Among the nonionic surfactants as described above, at least one selected from ether group-containing nonionic surfactants and ester group-containing nonionic surfactants not containing nitrogen atoms is preferable. Specifically, polyoxyalkylene (particularly ethylene) sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene (particularly ethylene) glycerin fatty acid ester, and sucrose fatty acid ester are preferred.

  In addition, when the component (B) is a nonionic surfactant, the above-mentioned Griffin has an HLB of preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more.

  Examples of the anionic surfactant include carboxylic acid-based surfactants, sulfonic acid-based surfactants, sulfate ester-based surfactants, and preferably one or more selected from carboxylic acid-based surfactants and phosphate ester-based surfactants. .

  Examples of the carboxylic acid-based surfactant include fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or salts thereof, polyvalent carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alkylamide ether carboxylates, rosinates, Examples include dimer acid salts, polymer acid salts, tall oil fatty acid salts, and esterified starches. Of these, esterified starch is preferred. Among the esterified starches, alkenyl succinylated starch (also referred to as alkenyl succinate esterified starch or alkenyl succinate starch) is preferable, and octenyl succinylated starch is particularly preferable. Etc.].

  Examples of sulfonic acid surfactants include alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, diphenyl ether sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid condensates, and naphthalene sulfonic acid condensations. Examples include physical salts.

  Examples of sulfate surfactants include alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfates, tristyrenated phenol sulfates, polyoxyalkylene distyrenated phenol sulfates. And alkyl polyglycoside sulfate.

Examples of the phosphate ester surfactant include alkyl phosphate ester salts, alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phosphate ester salts, and polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts.
Examples of the salt include metal salts (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, etc.), ammonium salts, alkanolamine salts, aliphatic amine salts, and the like.

  Examples of amphoteric surfactants include amino acids, betaines, imidazolines, and amine oxides.

  Examples of the amino acid system include acyl amino acid salts, acyl sarcosine salts, acyloylmethylaminopropionates, alkylaminopropionates, acylamidoethylhydroxyethylmethylcarboxylates, and the like.

  Examples of the betaine series include alkyl dimethyl betaine, alkyl hydroxyethyl betaine, acylamidopropyl hydroxypropyl ammonia sulfobetaine, ricinoleic acid amidopropyl dimethyl carboxymethyl ammonia betaine, and the like.

  Examples of the imidazoline series include alkyl carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium betaine, alkyl ethoxy carboxymethyl imidazolium betaine, and the like.

  Examples of amine oxides include alkyldimethylamine oxide, alkyldiethanolamine oxide, alkylamidopropylamine oxide, and the like.

  The component (B) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, when these (B) components contain a polyoxyalkylene group, Preferably it has a polyoxyethylene group, The average added mole number is 1-300, Preferably it is more than 5 and 100 or less. .

  Component (B) includes an ester group-containing nonionic surfactant, an ether group-containing nonionic surfactant that does not contain a nitrogen atom, an amphoteric surfactant, a carboxylic acid anionic surfactant, and a phosphoric acid anionic interface. One or more selected from activators are preferred. In particular, at least one selected from an ester group-containing nonionic surfactant and an ether group-containing nonionic surfactant not containing a nitrogen atom is preferable. That is, as a composition used in the present invention, particularly as a treatment liquid, a monohydric alcohol having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, an ester group-containing nonionic surfactant, an ether group-containing nonionic surfactant not containing a nitrogen atom, Examples thereof include those containing one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants, carboxylic acid anionic surfactants, and phosphoric acid anionic surfactants.

<Composition>
The composition used in the present invention is a composition containing the component (A) and the component (B), and the component (A) preferably contains 1 to 10,000 ppm (weight ratio, the same applies hereinafter). It is preferably contained at a concentration of 10 to 3,000 ppm, more preferably 10 to 1,000 ppm, still more preferably 60 to 600 ppm, and particularly preferably 100 to 500 ppm. Moreover, the composition used for this invention contains (B) component in the ratio of 10-20,000 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of (A) component, especially 100-2,000 weight part. Is preferred.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the composition used for this invention contains chelating agent (C) [henceforth (C) component] further together with the said (A) component and (B) component. In particular, it is preferable to use both the component (B) and the component (C).

<(C) component>
When the organic acid having a chelating ability as described below or a salt thereof is used in combination as the component (C), the effect of increasing the yield of beans is further improved. Specifically, citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, heptonic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid and other oxycarboxylic acids, polyvalent carboxylic acids And potassium salts, sodium salts, alkanolamine salts, aliphatic amine salts and the like thereof. The yield of legumes can also be improved by mixing chelating agents other than organic acids. Examples of the chelating agent to be mixed include aminocarboxylic acid chelating agents such as EDTA, NTA, and CDTA.

  In the composition used in the present invention, when the component (C) is used in combination, the ratio of each component is 0 to 50,000 parts by weight of the (C) component, particularly 10 to 100 parts by weight of the component (A). 5,000 parts by weight are preferred.

  In addition, the composition used in the present invention contains 0 to 5000 parts by weight, particularly 10 to 500 parts by weight, of other nutrient sources (saccharides, amino acids, vitamins, etc.) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compound (A). You can also

  In the present invention, the composition containing the component (A), the component (B), and water, and further containing the component (C) as necessary, is flowered from the time when the third leaf of the leguminous plant begins to appear. Apply twice or more before the period. Here, “the time when the third leaf begins to appear” refers to the time when the bud that becomes the third leaf starts to appear and the tip can be visually confirmed.

  Various means can be used as a method of supplying the composition according to the present invention to legumes. For example, the treatment liquid (liquid composition) is applied directly to the foliage, stems, etc. (stem and foliage spraying), injected into the soil (soil irrigation, soil irrigation, etc.), roots such as hydroponics and rock wool. There are a method of diluting and supplying hydroponic liquid and feed water that are in contact with the feed (nutritional culture), and a method of directly spraying the powder and granule to the strain. What is necessary is just to select an appropriate method for the supply method of the composition which concerns on this invention with the kind and application time of the leguminous plant. For soybean, azuki bean, kidney bean, pea, and broad bean, foliage spraying is particularly preferred.

  The application amount of the composition for foliar application, particularly the treatment solution, is preferably 0.04 g / 10a to 30 kg / 10a, more preferably 0.4 g / 10a to 3000 g / 10a, as the application amount of compound (A) per crop. It is preferable to adjust the concentration of component (A) and the number of applications in the composition, particularly the treatment liquid, so that the application amount is within this range. It is preferable that the component (B) is adjusted so as to be contained at a ratio of 10 to 20,000 parts by weight, particularly 100 to 2,000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the component (A).

  The appropriate amount for one plant body is, for example, 1 to 100 mL, more preferably 3 to 30 mL between the time when the third leaf begins to appear and before the flowering period when the liquid composition is sprayed onto the foliage. . The amount of water to be sprayed per unit area varies depending on the planting density, but is preferably 20L to 1000L, more preferably 50L to 300L per 10a.

  (A) As a time to apply a component, any may be sufficient as long as it can apply 2 times or more from the time when the 3rd leaf of a leguminous plant begins to appear until before the flowering time. For example, by using it twice or more at intervals of about 5 to 30 days in accordance with the time of soil cultivation treatment / cultivation treatment, a higher sales increase effect can be obtained compared to when not using it or using it only once.

  Specific examples of leguminous plants that are the subject of the present invention include soybean (including green soybean), azuki bean, kidney bean, groundnut, broad bean, pea, safflower bean, lye bean, mung bean, cowpea, wisteria bean, and bean. Among them, the present invention is preferable for soybean, azuki bean, kidney bean, pea, and broad bean, and is particularly preferable for soybean.

<Composition>
Table 1 shows the compositions of the compositions used in the following examples. In Table 1, compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10 are prepared by adding component (C) to a liquid obtained by emulsifying component (A) in water with component (B). did. Composition 6 was prepared by emulsifying component (A) in water with component (B). Composition 7 was prepared by mixing component (B) with water. In addition, POE of (B) component shows a polyoxyethylene group, and the number in () shows the average addition mole number of ethylene oxide.

Example 1
100 seeds of soybean (variety: Enrei) and rhizobia (trade name: “Rhizobium Mamezo”, Tokachi Agricultural Cooperative Association, Agricultural Chemical Research Laboratories) 0.5 g were mixed to attach the rhizobia to the soybean seed surface. . The seeds were sown in a cocoon having a spacing of 60 cm with a spacing of 20 cm. The composition 1 of Table 1 was sprayed on the stem and leaf surface at the time shown in Table 2. The amount of sprayed water was 100 L / 10a (the untreated area was not sprayed anything and was cultivated in the same field). After the pods became brown and fully matured, they were harvested and the seed weight was determined for each seedling, which was used as the yield. The grain yield of each treated group is shown in Table 2 as a relative value when the untreated group is 100. Hereinafter, the time when the nth leaf of the seedling is being developed is referred to as “n leaf stage” (n is an integer). For example, the time when the third leaf is developing is the “three-leaf stage”.

Example 2
A commercial soil (Kureha soil) was placed in a pot having a diameter of 12 cm and a depth of 9 cm, and soybean seeds were sown in each pot. When the 3rd leaf developed and the 5th leaf developed, each composition shown in Table 1 was sprayed on the stem and the leaf surface. The amount of sprayed water was 10 mL for the soybean seedlings in each pot (nothing was sprayed in the untreated area and cultivation was carried out in the same greenhouse). The test area was repeated 10 strains in each test area. After the seeds in the pods had matured after harvesting, the seeds were harvested, and the seed weight was determined for each seedling. The grain yield of each treated group is shown in Table 3 as a relative value when the untreated group is 100.

Example 3
100 seeds of soybean (variety: Enrei) and rhizobia (trade name: “Rhizobium Mamezo”, Tokachi Agricultural Cooperative Association, Agricultural Chemical Research Laboratories) 0.5 g were mixed to attach the rhizobia to the soybean seed surface. . In a pot having a diameter of 12 cm and a depth of 9 cm, a commercially available soil (Kureha soil) was placed, and seeds to which the rhizobia was attached were sown one by one in each pot. When the third leaf developed and the fifth leaf developed, the composition 1 of Table 1 adjusted so that the concentration of the component (A) became the concentration shown in Table 4 was sprayed on the stem and the leaf surface. The amount of sprayed water was 10 mL per soybean seedling in each pot (nothing was sprayed in the untreated area and cultivation was carried out in the same greenhouse). The test area was repeated 10 strains in each test area. Thereafter, the grain yield (relative value) was determined in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 4.

Example 4
A commercial soil (Kureha soil) was placed in a pot having a diameter of 12 cm and a depth of 9 cm, and soybean seeds were sown in each pot. Only when the third leaf develops and when the fifth leaf develops or when the third leaf develops, the composition 1 containing the component (A) at the concentration shown in Table 5 is applied to the stem and the leaf surface. Scattered. The amount of sprayed water was 10 mL for the soybean seedlings in each pot (nothing was sprayed in the untreated area and cultivation was carried out in the same greenhouse). The test area was repeated 10 strains in each test area. Thereafter, the grain yield (relative value) was determined in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 5.

Example 5
In the same manner as in Example 1, soybeans (Toyohomale) were sown at 9 cm between the strains in 45 cm between the straws. When the third leaf is deployed, when the fifth leaf is deployed, and when the seventh leaf is deployed, (A) the composition 1 shown in Table 1 adjusted to have a component concentration of 120 ppm is applied to the stem and leaf surface. Scattered. The amount of sprayed water was 150 L / 10a (the untreated area was not sprayed and was cultivated in the same field). After the pods became brown and fully matured, they were harvested and the seed weight was determined for each seedling, which was used as the yield. The grain yield of the treated group is shown in Table 6 as a relative value when the untreated group is 100.

Claims (5)

  A composition containing a saturated monohydric alcohol (A) having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and a surfactant (B) is applied between the time when the third leaf of legumes begins to appear and before the flowering period. A method for increasing the yield of legumes that are applied more than once.   Surfactant (B) is an ester group-containing nonionic surfactant, an ether group-containing nonionic surfactant containing no nitrogen atom, an amphoteric surfactant, a carboxylic acid anionic surfactant, and a phosphoric acid anionic interface The method for increasing the yield of legumes according to claim 1, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of activators.   The method for increasing the yield of legumes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition further comprises (C) a chelating agent.   The method for increasing the yield of legumes according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition contains 1 to 10,000 ppm of the alcohol (A).   The method for increasing the yield of legumes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition is applied at a rate of 0.04 g / 10a to 30 kg / 10a per crop of the alcohol (A).