JP2008129394A - Toner manufacturing apparatus and toner manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner manufacturing apparatus with which a toner capable of providing a high-quality image is obtained with high efficiency and low energy. <P>SOLUTION: The toner manufacturing apparatus has (1) a classification means which separates coarse particles having a particle diameter larger than a predetermined particle diameter, (2) a first pulverization means which pulverizes the coarse particles by making these collide against a collision plate together with a high pressure gas, and (3) a second pulverization means which has a rotor comprising a rotatory body having ruggedness attached to a central rotating shaft and a stator having ruggedness disposed around the rotor while keeping a certain interval from a surface of the rotor and pulverizes particles pulverized by the first pulverization means in accordance with the rotation of the rotor, wherein the classification means, the first pulverization means and the second pulverization means are housed in one unit. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a toner manufacturing apparatus used in an image forming method such as an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, an electrostatic printing method, or a toner jet recording method.

  In image forming methods such as electrophotography, electrostatic photography, and electrostatic printing, toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is used.

  The toner production method is roughly classified into a pulverization method and a polymerization method, and a simple production method includes a pulverization method. As a material used for the pulverization method, a binder resin for fixing to a transfer material and a colorant for producing a color as a toner are used. In addition, a charge control agent for imparting electric charge to the toner particles, a magnetic material for imparting transportability to the toner itself, and additives such as a release agent and a fluidity imparting agent are used as necessary. . In a general production method of the pulverization method, the above materials are mixed, melted and kneaded, and then the kneaded product obtained by cooling and solidifying is roughly pulverized to obtain a coarsely pulverized product. Thereafter, the obtained coarsely pulverized product is finely pulverized by various pulverization devices in a fine pulverization step to obtain toner particles. If necessary, the toner is classified into a desired particle size distribution or further added with a fluidizing agent or the like to provide a toner for image formation. In the case of a toner used in the two-component development method, various magnetic carriers and the above toner are mixed and then used for image formation.

  Various pulverizing devices are used as the fine pulverizing means, and in particular, a jet airflow pulverizer or a collision airflow pulverizer using a jet airflow, a rotor that rotates at high speed, and a stator disposed around the rotor; A mechanical pulverizer that pulverizes by introducing a powder raw material into an annular space formed between the two is used.

  However, in recent years, with higher image quality and higher definition of copying machines, printers, etc., the performance required of toner as a developer has become more severe, the particle size of the toner has become smaller, There is a growing demand for sharp particles that do not contain coarse particles and have few ultrafine powders.

  In recent years, energy saving related to toner production has been demanded in order to cope with environmental problems.

  Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as reduction of power consumption used at the time of toner production, increase of toner production amount with the same power consumption, improvement of yield, and the like.

  In a collision-type airflow crusher using a high-pressure gas such as a jet airflow, a powder material is ejected together with the high-pressure gas, collides with the collision surface of a collision member, and is pulverized by the impact. To produce a large amount of air. Alternatively, when the air amount is not changed, it is necessary to take measures such as reducing the supply amount of the coarsely pulverized product to be pulverized. Further, when a toner having a fine particle diameter is obtained, the amount of fine powder generated increases, resulting in a reduction in classification yield in a classification process which is a subsequent process. Therefore, there are problems in terms of an increase in power consumption, a decrease in production amount per unit time, and toner productivity.

  Focusing on the shape of the pulverized toner particles, the toner particles pulverized by the collision-type airflow pulverizer are indeterminate and angular because most of the pulverization is performed by collision with the collision member.

  On the other hand, the shape of the toner particles pulverized by the mechanical pulverizer is such that most of the pulverization is carried out by collision of the particles with the rotor and stator wall surfaces that rotate at high speed. It is known to have roundness due to the spheroidizing effect. For this reason, the toner particles pulverized by the mechanical pulverizer have a smaller specific surface area than the toner particles pulverized by the collision air pulverizer, so that the fluidity is good and the voids are small. It has the advantage of being excellent and having only a small amount of external additive added.

  However, in order to produce toner with a fine particle size using a mechanical grinder, it is necessary to take measures such as narrowing the gap between the rotor and the stator and increasing the number of rotations of the rotor. In this case, cold water and cold air for preventing toner fusion in the apparatus are required more than ever. Further, when the conventional cold water and cold air are used, it is necessary to take measures such as reducing the amount of the coarsely pulverized material supplied to the pulverizer itself. Therefore, in the former case, there are problems such as expansion of installation space due to the introduction of huge chilled water and cold air equipment, and accompanying increase in power consumption. In the latter case, production per unit time The problem is a decrease in the amount.

  Furthermore, in order to increase the toner pulverization efficiency, a method of using two or more mechanical pulverizers or a combination of a jet pulverizer and a mechanical pulverizer has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ). In addition, a method of performing secondary pulverization and classification with a mechanical pulverizer connected to an air classifier after primary pulverization with a jet pulverizer has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). .

  However, these methods require an increase in installation space due to an increase in the number of toner manufacturing steps and an increase in the energy of pulverization itself, and there is room for improvement in view of dealing with existing plants and further energy saving. Even if the pulverizer itself can be improved to achieve fine particles and sharpening of the particle size distribution, there is still room for improvement in terms of reducing the manufacturing energy itself.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-092733 JP-A-11-190914

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a low-energy toner production apparatus that solves the above-described problems, copes with toner fine particles, and does not require a significant layout change in an existing production plant.

That is, the present invention is a toner manufacturing apparatus,
1) Classifying means for separating coarse particles having a particle diameter larger than a predetermined particle diameter, 2) First pulverizing means for causing the coarse particles to collide with the high-pressure gas to the impingement plate, and 3) Central rotating shaft A rotor composed of a rotating body having irregularities attached to the rotor, and a stator having irregularities arranged around the rotor while maintaining a certain distance from the surface of the rotor, and the rotation of the rotor A second pulverizing means for pulverizing the particles pulverized by the first pulverizing means, and
The present invention relates to a toner manufacturing apparatus, wherein the classifying means, the first pulverizing means, and the second pulverizing means are accommodated in one unit.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently produce a rounded fine particle toner having a sharp particle size distribution with low energy and space saving.

  In recent years, toner fine particles have been developed for the purpose of high image quality and low consumption. In the toner manufactured by the pulverization method, more energy than the conventional manufacturing energy is required to achieve the fine particle formation. Moreover, if it is going to achieve micronization with the conventional equipment, the response | compatibility by reducing production capacity will be forced. Furthermore, strengthening the compressed air, cold water and cold air introduced into the apparatus directly leads to an increase in energy consumption during production. Even when the production capacity itself is reduced, the energy consumed per unit time is the same as before, but the energy required is increased when considered on a production volume basis.

  This time, we proceeded with research on the production of fine particles of toner produced by the pulverization method. As a result, it is concluded that coarse pulverization → primary pulverization → secondary pulverization → classification and fine pulverization of the coarse pulverized product in stages and classification are efficient, generation of fine powder is suppressed, and a sharp particle size distribution is obtained. I arrived again. Further, it has been found that the shape of the toner particles is rounded and variation in the shape distribution can be suppressed.

  However, as described above, the introduction of multi-stage pulverization in the fine pulverization process has a problem in that a large layout change is required in an existing plant and that the pulverizer itself consumes energy.

  The toner manufacturing apparatus of the present invention can be introduced instead of introducing multi-stage pulverization in the fine pulverization process in order to cope with such problems and obtain rounded toner particles with a sharp particle size distribution. is there.

  That is, 1) a classifying means for separating coarse particles having a particle diameter larger than a predetermined particle diameter, 2) a first pulverizing means for making the coarse particles collide with a high-pressure gas on the collision plate, and 3) a center. A rotor comprising a rotator having irregularities attached to a rotating shaft, and a stator having irregularities arranged around the rotor while maintaining a certain distance from the surface of the rotor. The second pulverizing means for pulverizing the particles pulverized by the first pulverizing means, and the classification means, the first pulverizing means, and the second pulverizing means are one unit. The present invention relates to a toner manufacturing apparatus characterized in that the toner manufacturing apparatus is housed inside.

  This apparatus eliminates the need for spaces such as a plurality of pulverizers, piping for transferring powder particles, and a storage hopper required when introducing multistage pulverization. Moreover, since this apparatus operates a classification means and two or more pulverization means in the same unit, the coarse particle classification step can be omitted, and a space-saving operation is possible.

  In addition, when multistage pulverization is introduced into the fine pulverization process, a plurality of blowers corresponding to the respective pulverizers are required to operate the plurality of pulverizers. However, in this apparatus, since two or more crushing units operate in the same unit, it is possible to operate with a single blower and reduce power consumption. This also makes it possible to isolate the bug recovery line.

  Further, in this apparatus, since the powder particles are collided with the compressed air to the collision plate as the first pulverizing means, the flow velocity of air in the apparatus is fast. Since the high-speed air prevents the temperature inside the apparatus from rising, heat generation in the second pulverizing means such as mechanical pulverization can be suppressed, and there is no need to introduce cold air equipment. That is, according to the present apparatus, not only space saving but also energy saving can be achieved.

  Furthermore, in this apparatus, in the fine pulverization process, two or more pulverization means are operated in the same unit, and the coarsely pulverized product is pulverized step by step. The amount of fine powder can be reduced. The coarse particles in the toner fine particles are returned to the first pulverizing means by the classifying means operating in the same unit, and are pulverized again. For this reason, the particle size distribution of the obtained toner fine particles is sharp and has few coarse particles, the classification accuracy in the classification process is improved, and toner particles having a desired particle size distribution can be obtained in a high yield.

  Furthermore, in this apparatus, since the second pulverizing means takes the form of a mechanical pulverizer, the shape of the obtained toner fine particles is rounded and rounded by the effect of heat spheroidization due to the generated heat. It will be a thing. That is, according to the present apparatus, the second pulverizing means can be pulverized with the spheroidizing process. Further, in the present apparatus, since the classification means operates in the same unit as described above, not only the particle size distribution of the toner fine particles but also the variation in the shape distribution can be suppressed.

  FIG. 1 is an example of a schematic cross-sectional view showing a pulverizing apparatus according to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this schematic cross-sectional view.

  In FIG. 1, the object to be crushed 2 supplied from the object to be crushed supply pipe 1 is an object to be crushed formed between the inner wall of the accelerating pipe throat portion 4 of the accelerating pipe 3 and the outer wall of the compressed air ejection nozzle 5. It is supplied from the supply port 6 (which is also a throat portion) to the acceleration tube 3.

  It is preferable that the central axis of the compressed air ejection nozzle 5 and the central axis of the acceleration tube 3 are substantially coaxial.

  On the other hand, the compressed air is introduced from the compressed air supply port 7 and is preferably ejected through a plurality of compressed air introduction pipes 8 while being rapidly expanded from the compressed air ejection nozzle 5 toward the acceleration pipe outlet 9. At this time, due to the ejector effect generated in the vicinity of the accelerating tube throat portion 4, the object to be pulverized 2 is accompanied by the gas coexisting with the object to be pulverized 2, and the accelerating tube outlet 9 from the object to be pulverized supply port 6. In the acceleration tube throat portion 4 toward the direction, the air is rapidly accelerated while being uniformly mixed with compressed air, and a uniform solid-gas mixed flow is generated on the collision surface 11 of the collision member 10 facing the acceleration tube outlet 9 without unevenness of the dust concentration. Collide with the state. Since the impact force generated at the time of collision is given to sufficiently dispersed individual particles (object to be pulverized 2), efficient pulverization can be performed. The pulverized material crushed on the collision surface 11 of the collision member 10 further collides with the second collision surface 12, then collides with the side wall 14 of the pulverization chamber 13, and is first pulverized.

  Further, when the collision surface 11 of the collision member 10 has a cone shape or a shape having a conical protrusion on the collision surface as shown in FIG. 7, the dispersion after the collision is improved and the object to be crushed is fused. In addition, no agglomeration or coarsening occurs, and pulverization with a high dust concentration is possible. In addition, in an object to be pulverized, wear generated on the inner wall of the accelerating tube and the collision surface of the collision member is not concentrated locally, so that the life can be extended and stable operation can be performed.

At this time, the apex angle α (°) formed by the collision surface 11 on the projection surface of the collision member and the inclination angle β (°) with respect to the vertical surface of the second collision surface 12 and the central axis of the acceleration tube are 0 <α <90, β> 0
30 ≦ α + 2β ≦ 90
Is preferable, since pulverization is performed very efficiently.

  When α ≧ 90, the reflected flow of the pulverized material that collides primarily on the projection surface disturbs the flow of the solid-gas mixed flow ejected from the acceleration tube, which is not preferable.

  When β = 0, the second collision surface is nearly perpendicular to the solid-gas mixed flow, and the reflected flow at the second collision surface flows toward the solid-gas mixed flow, resulting in disturbance of the solid-gas mixed flow. It is not preferable.

  In addition, when β = 0, the powder concentration on the secondary collision surface increases, and if the raw material is a thermoplastic resin powder or a powder mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin, the powder is melted on the secondary collision surface. It is easy to produce a kimono and an aggregate. When such a fused product is produced, stable operation of the apparatus becomes difficult.

  Further, when α and β are α + 2β <30, the impact force of the primary collision on the surface of the protrusion is weakened.

  When α and β are α + 2β> 90, the reflected flow at the secondary collision surface flows downstream of the solid-gas mixed flow, so that the impact force of the tertiary collision at the side wall of the grinding chamber becomes weak and the grinding efficiency is lowered. .

  Subsequently, the object to be crushed 2 is between a rotor 15 having a large number of grooves on the surface rotating at high speed in the pulverization chamber 13 and a stator 16 having a large number of grooves on the surface. The secondary pulverization is instantaneously performed by the generated impact, a large number of ultrahigh-speed vortex flows generated in the grooves of the stator 16, and the high-frequency pressure vibration generated thereby, and is discharged from the discharge port 17.

  At this time, by adjusting the minimum distance (gap (G)) between the rotor and the stator, the particle size and roundness (= circularity) of the obtained toner fine particles can be adjusted. That is, when a toner particle having a small particle diameter and high circularity is required, the gap is narrowed. In the present apparatus, the gap is preferably 0.8 mm ≦ G ≦ 5.0 mm from the viewpoint of particle size and circularity.

  When the gap is G <0.8 mm, it is the limit of narrowing due to the configuration of the apparatus, and the load on the apparatus itself becomes large during operation, and at the same time, it is excessively pulverized at the time of pulverization. It is not satisfactory from the point that fusion is likely to occur. On the other hand, when G> 5.0 mm, the function as the second pulverizing means is insufficient, and toner fine particles having a desired particle diameter and circularity cannot be obtained.

  Further, the pulverized material 2 discharged from the discharge port 17 is preferably classified into coarse particles by a classification means provided in the toner production apparatus of the present invention as shown in FIG. Is returned to the grinding means. FIG. 8 shows an outline of the toner manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention in which the apparatus of FIG. 1 and the apparatus of FIG. 2 are connected and the classifying means, the first pulverizing means, and the second pulverizing means are configured as one unit. It was.

  Here, the coarse particles classified by the classification means are returned to the first fine pulverization step via the transport means and re-ground, so that the obtained fine pulverized product has a sharp particle size distribution and few coarse particles. Thus, toner particles having a desired particle size distribution and high circularity can be obtained in high yield.

As described above, in a toner production apparatus used for toner production having at least a melt-kneading step, a coarse pulverization step, a fine pulverization step, and a classification step,
An apparatus used in the pulverization step is
1) Classifying means for separating toner particles 2) First pulverizing means for colliding and pulverizing toner particles together with high-pressure gas to the collision plate 3) A rotor comprising a rotating body having irregularities attached to a central rotating shaft; A second crushing means for crushing powder particles along with the rotation of the rotor, the rotor having a concavo-convex stator arranged around the rotor while maintaining a constant distance from the rotor surface; A sharp particle size distribution can be obtained by using a toner manufacturing apparatus comprising the classifying means, the first pulverizing means, and the second pulverizing means in one unit. It is possible to efficiently produce a fine particle toner having a high degree of circularity with low energy and space saving.

  Next, a procedure for producing toner with the toner production apparatus of the present invention will be described.

  First, in the raw material mixing step, as a toner internal additive, at least a resin and a colorant are weighed and mixed in a predetermined amount and mixed. Examples of the mixing apparatus include a double-con mixer, a V-type mixer, a drum-type mixer, a super mixer, a Henschel mixer, and a Nauter mixer.

  Further, the toner raw materials blended and mixed as described above are melt-kneaded to melt the resins and disperse the colorant and the like therein. In the melt-kneading step, for example, a batch kneader such as a pressure kneader or a Banbury mixer, or a continuous kneader can be used. In recent years, single-screw or twin-screw extruders have become mainstream due to the advantage of being capable of continuous production. For example, KTK type twin screw extruder manufactured by Kobe Steel, TEM type twin screw extruder manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. In general, a twin-screw extruder manufactured by Kay Sea Kay, a co-kneader manufactured by Buss, or the like is used. Furthermore, the colored resin composition obtained by melt-kneading the toner raw material is rolled by a two-roll roll after melt-kneading, and then cooled through a cooling step of cooling by water cooling or the like.

  Next, the cooled product of the colored resin composition obtained above is pulverized to a desired particle size in a coarse pulverization step using a crusher, a hammer mill, a feather mill or the like. Further, in order to improve the grinding efficiency at the time of fine grinding, an intermediate grinding process may be introduced between the coarse grinding process and the fine grinding process. In this case, a mechanical pulverizer such as an inomizer (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron), a kryptron (manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries), a super rotor (manufactured by Nissin Engineering Co., Ltd.), a turbo mill (manufactured by Turbo Industry Co., Ltd.) or the like is used in the intermediate pulverization step.

  However, the introduction of the intermediate pulverization process has a problem in that a significant layout change is required in an existing plant and that the intermediate pulverizer itself consumes pulverization energy.

  For this reason, in the coarse pulverization step, even if the intermediate pulverization step is omitted by using an apparatus as shown in FIG. It is preferable in terms of grinding efficiency. Further, when the apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 and the toner production apparatus of the present invention are combined, it is preferable that the particle size of the coarsely pulverized material supplied to the fine pulverization step is about 50 to 300 μm. As a result, the grinding efficiency is improved even in the fine grinding step, the particle size distribution is sharpened, and the yield and productivity are improved.

  Thereafter, the obtained coarsely pulverized product is finely pulverized and coarsely classified using the toner production apparatus of the present invention to obtain toner fine particles.

  The obtained toner fine particles are classified to a desired particle size distribution using a classifier such as an inertia class elbow jet (manufactured by Nippon Steel & Mining Co., Ltd.) or a centrifugal classifier turboplex (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.). .

  For convenience, a surface modification step is introduced after the classification step. For example, a hybridization system (manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) or a mechanofusion system (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corp.), preferably a batch as shown in FIG. Using a surface modification device of the type, spheronization treatment is performed to obtain surface modified particles.

  Further, it is more preferable that the classification step and the surface modification step are performed using only a batch type surface modification apparatus as shown in FIG. In this case, by combining the batch type surface modification apparatus as shown in FIG. 4 and the toner production apparatus of the present invention, the particle size distribution of the toner fine particles supplied to the classification process or the surface modification process can be obtained. Sharpens and improves yield and productivity. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of a coarse grain can also be suppressed.

  Furthermore, it is preferable in terms of toner productivity that the toner fine powder generated by classification in the classification step or the surface modification step is returned to the toner raw material blending step and reused.

  In the method for producing a toner of the present invention, inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 50 nm or less are externally added as external additives to the toner particles that are the surface-modified particles obtained as described above. As a method of externally adding an external additive to toner particles, a predetermined amount of surface-modified toner particles and various known external additives are blended, and a Henschel mixer, a super mixer, a Q-type mixer (mechanohybrid), a nobilta It is preferable to stir and mix using a high-speed stirrer that gives shearing force to the powder such as cyclomix as an external additive. At this time, since heat is generated inside the external adder and it becomes easy to generate aggregates, it is preferable in terms of toner productivity to adjust the temperature by means such as cooling the periphery of the container of the external adder with water.

  Next, raw materials for toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant used in the present invention will be described.

  The toner of the present invention is a toner used in a full-color image forming method, and is characterized in that the binder resin is a resin having at least a polyester unit.

  The “polyester unit” used in the present invention means a part derived from polyester. Specifically, as a component constituting the polyester unit, a divalent or higher valent alcohol monomer component and a divalent or higher carboxylic acid, It means an acid monomer component such as a divalent or higher carboxylic acid anhydride and a divalent or higher carboxylic acid ester.

  The toner of the present invention is characterized in that a component having these polyester units is used as a part of a raw material and a resin having a condensation-polymerized portion is used.

  The binder resin used in the present invention is a polyester resin, a hybrid resin having a polyester unit and a vinyl polymer unit, a mixture of a hybrid resin and a vinyl polymer, or a mixture of a hybrid resin and a polyester resin. Or a resin selected from a polyester resin, a hybrid resin, and a vinyl polymer, or a mixture of a polyester resin and a vinyl polymer.

  The hybrid resin is formed by a transesterification reaction between a polyester unit component and a vinyl polymer unit obtained by polymerizing a monomer component having a carboxylic acid ester group such as (meth) acrylic acid ester. A graft copolymer (or block copolymer) in which the coalescence is a trunk polymer and the polyester unit is a branch polymer is formed.

  As a dihydric or higher alcohol monomer component which is a polyester unit component, specifically, as a dihydric alcohol monomer component, polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, poly Oxypropylene (3.3) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.0 ) -Polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and other alkylene oxides of bisphenol A Adduct, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-pro Lenglycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, Examples include dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, bisphenol A, and hydrogenated bisphenol A.

  Examples of the trivalent or higher alcohol monomer component include sorbit, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, 1,2,4-butanetriol. 1,2,5-pentanetriol, glycerin, 2-methylpropanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, etc. Is mentioned.

  Examples of the divalent carboxylic acid monomer component include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid or anhydrides thereof; alkyldicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid or anhydrides thereof; And succinic acid substituted with an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, maleic acid and citraconic acid, or anhydrides thereof.

  Examples of the trivalent or higher carboxylic acid monomer component include trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, polyvalent carboxylic acid such as benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid and its anhydride, and the like.

  Examples of other monomers include polyhydric alcohols such as oxyalkylene ethers of novolak type phenol resins.

  Among them, in particular, a carboxylic acid component comprising a bisphenol derivative represented by the following general formula (I) as a dihydric alcohol monomer component and a divalent or higher carboxylic acid or an acid anhydride thereof, or a lower alkyl ester thereof. (For example, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, etc.) are used as acid monomer components, and resins obtained by condensation polymerization with these polyester unit components have good charging characteristics. Since it has, it is preferable.

（式中、Ｒはエチレン基又はプロピレン基を示し、ｘ及びｙはそれぞれ１以上の整数であり、かつｘ＋ｙの平均値は２〜１０である。）

(In the formula, R represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, x and y are each an integer of 1 or more, and the average value of x + y is 2 to 10.)

  The binder resin contained in the toner of the present invention may be a resin having at least a polyester unit. Preferably, the polyester unit component contained in the total binder resin is 30% of the total binder resin. It is preferable for it to be at least mass% in order to exhibit the effects of the present invention. More preferably, it is 40 mass% or more, Most preferably, it is 50 mass% or more.

  When the polyester unit component contained in the total binder resin is 30% by mass or more based on the total binder resin, the dispersibility of the colorant in the toner particles is improved, and the toner color mixing property and transparency in the fixed image are improved. It is possible to obtain a toner having excellent color reproducibility such as a high covering power on the transfer material. In particular, it is more effective when the pigment content such as the colorant master batch is large.

  The following are mentioned as a vinyl-type monomer for producing | generating the vinyl-type polymer unit or vinyl-type polymer used for hybrid resin. Styrene; o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p-tert- Butyl styrene, pn-hexyl styrene, pn-octyl styrene, pn-nonyl styrene, pn-decyl styrene, pn-dodecyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-chloro styrene, 3, Styrene and derivatives thereof such as 4-dichlorostyrene, m-nitrostyrene, o-nitrostyrene, p-nitrostyrene; styrene unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and isobutylene; unsaturated such as butadiene and isoprene Polyenes; vinyl chloride, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, fluoride Vinyl halides such as vinyl; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-methacrylate Α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters such as octyl, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate Propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-acrylate Acrylic esters such as lorethyl and phenyl acrylate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and methyl isopropenyl ketone; N-vinyl pyrrole; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl indole and N-vinyl pyrrolidone; vinyl naphthalenes; acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.

  In addition, unsaturated dibasic acids such as maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid; maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, alkenyl succinic anhydride, etc. Unsaturated dibasic acid anhydride; maleic acid methyl half ester, maleic acid ethyl half ester, maleic acid butyl half ester, citraconic acid methyl half ester, citraconic acid ethyl half ester, citraconic acid butyl half ester, itaconic acid methyl half ester, Unsaturated dibasic acid half esters such as alkenyl succinic acid methyl half ester, fumaric acid methyl half ester, mesaconic acid methyl half ester; dimethyl maleic acid, unsaturated dibasic acid ester such as dimethyl fumaric acid; acrylic acid, Α, β-unsaturated acids such as phosphoric acid, crotonic acid and cinnamic acid; α, β-unsaturated acid anhydrides such as crotonic anhydride and cinnamic anhydride, the α, β-unsaturated acids and lower fatty acids And monomers having a carboxyl group such as alkenylmalonic acid, alkenylglutaric acid, alkenyladipic acid, acid anhydrides and monoesters thereof.

  Furthermore, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate; 4- (1-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl) styrene, 4- (1-hydroxy-1) -Methylhexyl) Monomers having a hydroxy group such as styrene.

  The vinyl polymer or vinyl polymer unit used in the hybrid resin may have a crosslinked structure crosslinked with a crosslinking agent having two or more vinyl groups, but the crosslinking agent used in this case is Examples of aromatic divinyl compounds include divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene; examples of diacrylate compounds linked by an alkyl chain include ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, and 1,4-butanediol di Examples include acrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, and the above compounds in which acrylate is replaced by methacrylate; linked by an alkyl chain containing an ether bond. Diacrylate compound Examples include diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 400 diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 600 diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, and acrylates of the above compounds as methacrylates. Examples of diacrylate compounds linked by a chain containing an aromatic group and an ether bond include, for example, polyoxyethylene (2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, poly Examples include oxyethylene (4) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate and those obtained by replacing acrylates of the above compounds with methacrylate.

  Polyfunctional cross-linking agents include pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylol ethane triacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate, oligoester acrylate, and acrylates of the above compounds replaced with methacrylate; triallylcia Examples include nurate and triallyl trimellitate.

  The hybrid resin used in the present invention preferably contains a monomer component capable of reacting with both resin components in the vinyl polymer or unit and / or the polyester resin or unit. Among the monomers constituting the polyester resin or unit, those capable of reacting with the vinyl polymer or unit include, for example, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid and itaconic acid, or anhydrides thereof. It is done. Among the monomers constituting the vinyl polymer or unit, those capable of reacting with the polyester resin or unit include those having a carboxyl group or a hydroxy group, and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters.

  As a method for obtaining a reaction product of a vinyl polymer and a polyester resin, either a polymer or a resin containing a monomer component capable of reacting with each of the vinyl polymer and the polyester resin listed above is present. A method obtained by polymerizing one or both of the polymers or resins is preferred.

  Examples of the polymerization initiator used in producing the vinyl polymer or vinyl polymer unit of the present invention include 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (4- Methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis (-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis (-2methylbutyronitrile), dimethyl-2,2′- Azobisisobutyrate, 1,1′-azobis (1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2- (carbamoylazo) -isobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2,4,4-trimethylpentane), 2- Phenylazo-2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-methyl-propane), methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetyla Ketone peroxides such as ton peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, 2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) butane, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl Butyl hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-cumyl peroxide, α, α'-bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, isobutyl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide Decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, m-trioyl peroxide, di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl Ruperoxy dicarbonate, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethoxyethyl peroxycarbonate, di-methoxyisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di (3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl) peroxycarbonate, acetyl Cyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxylaurate T-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, di-t-butyl peroxyisophthalate, t-butyl peroxyallyl carbonate, t-amyl peroxy 2-ethylhexanoate, -t- butyl peroxy hexahydro terephthalate, di -t- butyl peroxy azelate and the like.

  As a manufacturing method which can prepare the hybrid resin used by this invention, the manufacturing method shown to the following (1)-(6) can be mentioned, for example.

  (1) A method in which a vinyl polymer and a polyester resin are blended after production. The blend is produced by dissolving and swelling in an organic solvent (for example, xylene) and then distilling off the organic solvent. The hybrid resin component is synthesized by separately producing a vinyl polymer and a polyester resin, dissolving and swelling in a small amount of an organic solvent, adding an esterification catalyst and alcohol, and performing a transesterification reaction by heating. Thus, a hybrid resin having a polyester unit and a vinyl polymer unit can be obtained.

  (2) A method of producing a hybrid resin component having a polyester unit and a vinyl polymer unit by producing and reacting a polyester resin in the presence of the vinyl polymer after production. The hybrid resin component is produced by a reaction between a vinyl polymer (a vinyl monomer can be added if necessary) and a polyester monomer (alcohol, carboxylic acid) and / or polyester resin. Also in this case, an organic solvent can be appropriately used.

  (3) A method for producing a hybrid resin component having a polyester unit and a vinyl polymer unit by producing and reacting a vinyl polymer in the presence of the polyester resin after production. The hybrid resin component is produced by a reaction between a polyester resin (a polyester monomer can be added if necessary) and a vinyl monomer and / or a vinyl polymer.

  (4) After the vinyl polymer and the polyester resin are produced, the hybrid resin component is produced by adding a vinyl monomer and / or a polyester monomer (alcohol, carboxylic acid) in the presence of these polymer units. Also in this case, an organic solvent can be appropriately used.

  (5) After producing a hybrid resin component having a polyester unit and a vinyl polymer unit, by adding a vinyl monomer and / or a polyester monomer (alcohol, carboxylic acid) and performing an addition polymerization and / or a condensation polymerization reaction. A vinyl polymer and / or polyester resin, or further a hybrid resin component is produced. In this case, as the hybrid resin component having the polyester unit and the vinyl polymer unit, those produced by the production methods (2) to (4) can be used, and if necessary, by a known production method. What was manufactured can also be used. Furthermore, an organic solvent can be used as appropriate.

  (6) By mixing a vinyl monomer and a polyester monomer (alcohol, carboxylic acid, etc.) and continuously performing addition polymerization and condensation polymerization reaction, a vinyl polymer, a polyester resin, a polyester unit and a vinyl polymer unit are obtained. A hybrid resin component is produced. Furthermore, an organic solvent can be used as appropriate.

  In the production methods (1) to (6) above, the vinyl copolymer unit and / or the polyester unit can use a plurality of polymer units having different molecular weights and cross-linking degrees.

  In the present invention, the vinyl polymer or vinyl polymer unit means a vinyl homopolymer, a vinyl copolymer, a vinyl monopolymer unit, or a vinyl copolymer unit.

  Further, the molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the resin having the polyester unit of the present invention has a main peak in the region of molecular weight 3,500 to 15,000, preferably molecular weight. It has in the area | region of 4,000 thru | or 13,000, It is preferable that Mw / Mn is 3.0 or more, and it is more preferable that it is 5.0 or more. When the main peak is in a region having a molecular weight of less than 3,500, the high temperature offset resistance of the toner decreases. On the other hand, when the main peak is in a region having a molecular weight of more than 15000, sufficient low-temperature fixability of the toner and OHP permeability are deteriorated. Moreover, when Mw / Mn is less than 3.0, good offset resistance is reduced.

  The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin having the polyester unit of the present invention is preferably 40 to 90 ° C., and the softening temperature (Tm) is 80 to 150 ° C., storage stability, low temperature fixability, high temperature offset resistance, It is preferable for achieving both dispersibility of the colorant.

  The acid value of the resin is preferably less than 50 mgKOH / g from the viewpoint of improving the development durability stability and the dispersibility of the colorant.

  When the toner of the invention is used as a magnetic toner, the magnetic material contained in the magnetic toner is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used magnetic material. For example, magnetite, maghemite, iron oxide such as ferrite, and other metals Iron oxide containing oxide; metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, or these metals and Al, Co, Cu, Pb, Mg, Ni, Sn, Zn, Sb, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Mn , Se, Ti, W, alloys with metals such as V, and mixtures thereof.

Specifically, examples of the magnetic material include triiron tetroxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ), iron sesquioxide (γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ ), iron yttrium oxide (Y ₃ Fe ₅ O ₁₂ ), and iron cadmium oxide (CdFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron gadolinium oxide (Gd ₃ Fe ₅ O ₁₂ ), copper iron oxide (CuFe ₂ O ₄ ), lead iron oxide (PbFe ₁₂ O ₁₉ ), nickel iron oxide (NiFe ₂ O ₄ ), niobium oxide (NdFe ₂ O ₃ ), iron barium oxide (BaFe ₁₂ O ₁₉ ), magnesium iron oxide (MgFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron lanthanum oxide (LaFeO ₃ ), iron powder (Fe), cobalt powder (Co), nickel powder ( Ni) and the like. The magnetic materials described above are used alone or in combination of two or more. A particularly suitable magnetic material is a fine powder of iron tetroxide or γ-iron sesquioxide.

These ferromagnets have an average particle size of 0.05 to 2 μm, magnetic properties of 795.8 kA / m applied, coercive force of 1.6 to 12.0 kA / m, saturation magnetization of 50 to ²⁰⁰ Am ² / kg (preferably Is preferably 50 to 100 Am ² / kg) and a residual magnetization of ^{2 to 20} Am ² / kg, particularly for use in an electrophotographic image forming method.

  Further, these magnetic materials are preferably contained in an amount of 60 to 200 parts by mass, and more preferably 80 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

  As described above, in the toner of the present invention, a magnetic material may be used as a colorant, but a nonmagnetic colorant or the like can also be used as another colorant. As such a non-magnetic colorant, known dyes and / or pigments are used. Although the pigment alone may be used, it is more preferable from the viewpoint of the image quality of the full-color image that the combination of the dye and the pigment improves the sharpness.

  Examples of the coloring pigment for magenta toner include condensed azo compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinones, quinacridone compounds, basic dye lake compounds, naphthol compounds, benzimidazolone compounds, thioindigo compounds, and perlin compounds. Specifically, C.I. I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 68, 81, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 112, 114, 122, 123, 150, 163, 202, 206, 207.209, 238, C.I. I. Pigment violet 19; C.I. I. Bat red 1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 23, 29, 35, etc. are mentioned.

  Examples of the magenta toner dye include C.I. I solvent red 1, 3, 8, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 49, 81, 82, 83, 84, 100, 109, 121; I. Disper thread 9; I. Solvent violet 8, 13, 14, 21, 27; C.I. I. Oil-soluble dyes such as Disper Violet 1, C.I. I. B. Basic Red 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40; I. Basic dyes such as basic violet 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, 21, 25, 26, 27, and 28 may be mentioned.

  Examples of the color pigment for cyan toner include C.I. I. Pigment blue 2, 3, 15: 3, 15: 4, 16, 17; I. Bat Blue 6; C.I. I. Acid Blue 45, and a copper phthalocyanine pigment in which 1 to 5 phthalimidomethyl groups are substituted on a phthalocyanine skeleton having a structure represented by the following formula.

〔式中、ｎは１〜５の整数を示す。〕

[In formula, n shows the integer of 1-5. ]

  Examples of the color pigment for yellow include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 62, 65, 73, 74, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 109, 110, 111, 120, 127, 128, 129, 147, 151, 154, 155, 168, 174, 175, 176, 180, 181, 185; I. Bat yellow 1, 3, 20, etc. are mentioned.

  Examples of the coloring dye for yellow include C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 162 or the like may be used, and a pigment and a dye may be used in combination.

  As the black colorant used in the present invention, carbon black, iron oxide, and those which are toned in black using the yellow / magenta / cyan colorant shown above can be used.

  In the toner of the present invention, it is preferable to use a toner obtained by mixing a colorant in advance with the binder resin of the present invention to form a master batch. Then, the colorant can be favorably dispersed in the toner by melt-kneading the colorant master batch and other raw materials (binder resin, wax, etc.).

  When the colorant is made into a master batch using the resin of the present invention, the dispersibility of the colorant is not deteriorated even when a large amount of the colorant is used. Excellent color reproducibility such as transparency. Further, a toner having a large covering power on the transfer material can be obtained. Further, by improving the dispersibility of the colorant, it is possible to obtain an image with excellent durability stability of toner chargeability and maintaining high image quality.

  The amount of the colorant used in the toner is preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 12 parts by mass, and most preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. . This is preferable in terms of color reproducibility and developability.

  The toner of the present invention is characterized by containing a wax.

  The following are mentioned as an example of the wax used for this invention. Low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, low molecular weight alkylene copolymer, aliphatic hydrocarbon wax such as microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, and oxide of aliphatic hydrocarbon wax such as oxidized polyethylene wax, Or block copolymers thereof; waxes based on fatty acid esters such as ester wax such as behenyl behenate and stearyl stearate, carnauba wax and montanic acid ester wax, and fatty acid esters such as deoxidized carnauba wax The thing which deoxidized part or all is mentioned. Further, saturated linear fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and montanic acid; unsaturated fatty acids such as brassic acid, eleostearic acid, and valinalic acid; stearyl alcohol, aralkyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, carnauvyl alcohol, and seryl alcohol , Saturated alcohols such as melyl alcohol; polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol; fatty acid amides such as linoleic acid amide, oleic acid amide, lauric acid amide; methylene bis stearic acid amide, ethylene biscapric acid amide, ethylene bis laurin Saturated fatty acid bisamides such as acid amides and hexamethylene bis stearic acid amides; ethylene bis oleic acid amides, hexamethylene bis oleic acid amides, N, N′dioleyl adipic acid amides, N, N ′ geos Unsaturated fatty acid amides such as irsevacinamide; Aromatic bisamides such as m-xylene bis stearamide, N, N ′ distearyl isophthalamide; calcium stearate, calcium laurate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, etc. Aliphatic metal salts (generally referred to as metal soaps); waxes grafted with aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes using vinyl monomers such as styrene and acrylic acid; fatty acids such as behenic acid monoglycerides and many others Examples include partially esterified products of monohydric alcohols; methyl ester compounds having a hydroxyl group obtained by hydrogenation of vegetable oils and the like.

  Examples of waxes that are particularly preferably used in the present invention include aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes. For example, low molecular weight polyalkylene wax obtained by radical polymerization of alkylene under high pressure or Ziegler catalyst or metallocene catalyst under low pressure, paraffin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax synthesized from coal or natural gas, or high molecular weight alkylene polymer. Preference is given to alkylene hydrocarbons obtained by decomposition, synthetic hydrocarbon waxes obtained from the distillation residue of hydrocarbons obtained by the age method from synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen or by hydrogenation of these. Furthermore, what carried out the fractionation of the hydrocarbon wax by the use of the press perspiration method, the solvent method, the vacuum distillation, or the fractional crystallization method is more preferably used. The hydrocarbon as a base is synthesized by the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen using a metal oxide catalyst (mostly two or more multi-component systems) [for example, the Jintol method, the Hydrocol method (the fluidized catalyst bed Hydrocarbon compounds synthesized by use); hydrocarbons with up to several hundred carbon atoms obtained by the age method (using the identified catalyst bed) in which a large amount of wax-like hydrocarbons can be obtained; alkylene such as ethylene by Ziegler catalyst Polymerized hydrocarbons; paraffin waxes are preferred because they are linear hydrocarbons with little branching, small and long saturation. In particular, a wax synthesized by a method that does not rely on polymerization of alkylene is also preferred from its molecular weight distribution.

  In the present invention, a charge control agent can be used for the toner. As the charge control agent, known ones can be used. In particular, a metal compound of an aromatic carboxylic acid that is colorless, has a high toner charging speed, and can stably maintain a constant charge amount is preferable.

  Negative charge control agents include salicylic acid metal compounds, naphthoic acid metal compounds, dicarboxylic acid metal compounds, polymer compounds having sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid in the side chain, boron compounds, urea compounds, silicon compounds, calixarenes, etc. Is available. As the positive charge control agent, a quaternary ammonium salt, a polymer compound having the quaternary ammonium salt in the side chain, a guanidine compound, an imidazole compound, or the like can be used. The charge control agent may be added internally or externally to the toner particles. The addition amount of the charge control agent is preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass in total with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

  An external additive is added to the toner of the present invention to improve fluidity.

  As the external additive, inorganic fine powders such as silicate fine powder, titanium oxide, and aluminum oxide are preferable. The inorganic fine powder is preferably hydrophobized with a hydrophobizing agent such as a silane compound, silicone oil, or a mixture thereof.

  The external additive is usually used in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particles. The present invention is very effective in non-magnetic one-component development and non-magnetic two-component development. When the toner particles are non-magnetic color toner particles for forming a full color image, it is preferable to use titanium oxide fine particles as an external additive.

  When the toner of the present invention is used for a two-component developer, the toner is used by mixing with a magnetic carrier. As the magnetic carrier, for example, surface-oxidized or unoxidized iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, chromium, rare earth metal particles, alloy particles thereof, oxide particles, ferrite and the like can be used.

  The coated carrier obtained by coating the surface of the magnetic carrier particles with a resin is particularly preferable in a developing method in which an AC bias is applied to the developing sleeve. Coating methods include a method in which a coating solution prepared by dissolving or suspending a coating material such as a resin in a solvent is adhered to the surface of the magnetic carrier particles, and a method in which the magnetic carrier particles and the coating material are mixed in a powder state. A conventionally known method can be applied.

  Examples of the coating material on the surface of the magnetic carrier particles include silicone resin, polyester resin, styrene resin, acrylic resin, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, and aminoacrylate resin. These may be used alone or in plurality.

  The treatment amount of the coating material is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass (preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass) with respect to the magnetic carrier particles. The average particle size of the magnetic carrier is preferably 10 to 100 μm, and more preferably 20 to 70 μm.

  When a two-component developer is prepared by mixing the toner of the present invention and a magnetic carrier, good results are usually obtained when the mixing ratio is 2 to 15% by mass as the toner concentration in the developer. Is 4 to 13% by mass.

  The particle size distribution in the present invention was measured using a Coulter counter multisizer.

  As a measuring device, a multisizer type II or type IIe (manufactured by Coulter Co.) of a Coulter counter is used, and an interface (manufactured by Nikkiki) that outputs number distribution and volume distribution is connected to a general personal computer. A 1% NaCl aqueous solution is prepared using special grade or first grade sodium chloride. As a measuring method, 0.1 to 5 ml of a surfactant (preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate) is added as a dispersant to 100 to 150 ml of the electrolytic aqueous solution, and 2 to 20 mg of a measurement sample is further added. The electrolytic solution in which the sample is suspended is subjected to a dispersion treatment with an ultrasonic disperser for about 1 to 3 minutes, and when measuring the particle size of a medium pulverized product with a multisizer type II of the Coulter counter, a 400 μm aperture is used. The particle size of the finely pulverized product is measured using a 100 μm aperture. The volume and number of toners are measured to calculate a volume distribution and a number distribution, and a weight-average weight average particle diameter obtained from the volume distribution is obtained.

The average circularity in the present invention is used as a simple method for quantitatively expressing the shape of the particles. In the present invention, the average circularity is measured using a flow type particle image analyzer FPIA-2100 manufactured by Sysmex Corporation. , Particles having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.6 to 400 μm are measured, and the circularity of the measured particles is obtained by the following equation (1). Further, in the particles having a circle equivalent diameter of 2 μm to 400 μm, The value obtained by dividing the total by the total number of particles is defined as the average circularity.
Circularity a = L ₀ / L (1)
[In the formula, L ₀ represents the perimeter of a circle having the same projection area as the particle image, and L represents the particle projection when image processing is performed at an image processing resolution of 512 × 512 (pixels of 0.3 μm × 0.3 μm). Indicates the perimeter of the image. ]

  The circularity used in the present invention is an index of the degree of unevenness of the toner particles and the toner, and indicates 1.00 when the toner particles and the toner are perfectly spherical, and the circularity becomes smaller as the surface shape becomes more complicated. Become.

  In addition, "FPIA-2100" which is a measuring apparatus used in the present invention calculates the circularity of each particle, and then calculates the average circularity by calculating the circularity of each particle. A calculation method is used in which the average circularity is calculated using the center value and the frequency of the division points by dividing the class into 61 divided into 1.0.

  However, the error of the average circularity calculated by the calculation formula using the average circularity value calculated by this calculation method and the total circularity of each particle is very small and can be substantially ignored. In the present invention, for the reason of handling data such as shortening the calculation time and simplifying the calculation operation formula, the concept of the calculation formula using the sum of the circularity of each particle is used and partly changed. Such a calculation method may be used.

  Furthermore, “FPIA-2100”, which is a measuring apparatus used in the present invention, improves the magnification of the processed particle image as compared with “FPIA1000” conventionally used for calculating toner particles and toner shapes. Furthermore, by improving the processing resolution of the captured image (256 × 256 → 512 × 512), the accuracy of toner particle and toner shape measurement has been improved, thereby achieving more reliable capture of fine particles. is there.

  Therefore, when it is necessary to measure the shape and particle size distribution more accurately as in the present invention, the FPIA 2100 that can obtain information on the shape and particle size distribution more accurately is more useful.

  As a specific measuring method, 10 ml of ion-exchanged water from which impure solids have been removed in advance is prepared in a container, and a surfactant, preferably an alkylbenzene sulfonate, is added as a dispersant therein, followed by further measurement. Add 0.02 g of sample and disperse uniformly.

  As a means for dispersion, an ultrasonic disperser “Tetora 150 type” (manufactured by Nikka Ki Bios Co., Ltd.) is used, and dispersion treatment is performed for 2 minutes to obtain a measurement dispersion. In that case, it cools suitably so that the temperature of this dispersion may not be 40 degreeC or more. In order to suppress variation in circularity, the installation environment of the apparatus is controlled at 23 ° C. ± 0.5 ° C. so that the temperature inside the flow type particle image analyzer FPIA-2100 is 26 to 27 ° C. Preferably, autofocus is performed using 2 μm latex particles every 2 hours.

  To measure the circularity of the toner particles, the flow type particle image measuring device is used, and the concentration of the dispersion is readjusted so that the toner particle concentration at the time of measurement is 3000 to 10,000 particles / μl. Measure more than one. After the measurement, the average circularity of the toner particles is obtained for particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less using this data.

Moreover, in this invention, the glass transition temperature Tg of binder resin was measured on condition of the following using the differential thermal analyzer (DSC measuring apparatus) DSC-7 (made by Perkin Elmer).
Sample: 5-20 mg, preferably 10 mg
Temperature curve: Temperature increase I (20 ° C. → 180 ° C., temperature increase rate 10 ° C./min.)
Temperature drop I (180 ° C. → 10 ° C., temperature drop rate 10 ° C./min.)
Temperature increase II (10 ° C. → 180 ° C., temperature increase rate 10 ° C./min.)
Tg measured at the temperature elevation II is taken as the measured value.
Measurement method: Place the sample in an aluminum pan, and use an empty aluminum pan as a reference. The point of intersection between the line of the midpoint of the base line before and after the endothermic peak and the differential heat curve was defined as the glass transition point Tg.

  In the present invention, the number (j) of coarse particles was measured as follows. By suctioning 0.5 g of toner particles with a vacuum cleaner, the toner particles are passed through a metal mesh (400 mesh) having a diameter of 10 mm. At this time, the toner particles remaining on the mesh were made coarse particles, which were taped, and those pasted on paper were enlarged with a KEYENCE microscope, and the number of coarse particles (j) was counted.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and comparative example of this invention are given and this invention is demonstrated further more concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

[Example 1]
Hybrid resin: 100 parts by mass (styrene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, α-methylstyrene, polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.2) Hybrid resin comprising -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, succinic acid, trimellitic anhydride, fumaric acid Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 81300, number average molecular weight (Mn) 3000, peak molecular weight (Mp) 15400 , Tg 60 ° C)
Copper phthalocyanine pigment (CI Pigment Blue 15: 3): 5 parts by mass Paraffin wax (maximum endothermic peak 67 ° C.): 5 parts by mass Charge control agent (aluminum compound of 1,4-di-t-butylsalicylate) : 1 part by mass The materials having the above formulation were thoroughly mixed with a Henschel mixer, and then kneaded with a twin-screw kneader (PCM-87 type, manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.) set at a temperature of 130 ° C. The obtained kneaded product was cooled and then coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill to obtain a coarsely pulverized product having a weight average particle diameter of 400 μm.

  The classifier shown in FIG. 2 has an upper part of the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1, and the pulverized product obtained is pulverized and classified using a pulverizer (FIG. 8) configured as one unit. Went. Note that the apex angle α (°) formed by the collision surface 11 of the projection surface of the collision member used at this time is α = 60 °, and the inclination angle β (° with respect to the vertical surface of the second collision surface 12 and the central axis of the acceleration tube. ) Was used with β = 10 °.

  Specifically, first, the obtained coarsely pulverized product is passed through a classifier to separate coarse powder having a particle size larger than a desired particle size. The separated coarse powder is finely pulverized by a collision type first pulverization means using an air flow at a pulverization pressure of 0.6 MPa, and then the gap (G) between the rotor and the stator is set to 1.0 mm. Further pulverization was performed by the mechanical second pulverization means, and then the pulverized particles were again passed through the classifier to perform coarse particle classification to obtain toner fine particles. Table 1 shows the operating conditions. Thereafter, the obtained toner fine particles were subjected to surface modification using a surface modification apparatus shown in FIG. 4 to obtain toner particles.

  At this time, the target particle size of the obtained toner fine particles was such that the weight average diameter (D4) was 4.8 μm ≦ D4 ≦ 5.3 μm.

  The target particle size of the toner particles obtained was such that the weight average diameter (D4) was 5.2 μm ≦ D4 ≦ 5.8 μm, and 4.00 μm or less was 35 number% or less.

  In the present example, the obtained toner fine particles have a coarsely pulverized material supply rate of 15 kg / h, a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.2 μm, and a particle size distribution of 55% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less. Had.

  As a result of measuring the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles, it was 0.931.

In addition, the evaluation with respect to the average circularity b of the obtained toner fine particles was judged according to the following criteria.
A: 0.930 ≦ b
B: 0.920 ≦ b <0.930
C: 0.920> b

At this time, the amount of electric power used in the fine pulverization process was 48 kW. In addition, evaluation with respect to the used electric energy c was judged on the following reference | standard.
A: 50 ≧ c
B: 50 <c <70
C: 70 ≦ c

Further, the obtained toner particles have a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.6 μm, particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less have a particle size distribution of 30% by number, and the yield is 77%. there were. The yield was determined by the following formula.
Yield d (%) = Amount of toner particles having desired particle size distribution obtained (kg) / Amount of finely pulverized product charged (kg) × 100

Moreover, the evaluation with respect to the yield d was judged according to the following criteria.
A: 75 ≦ d
B: 55 ≦ d <75
C: 35 ≦ d <55
D: 35> d

  Furthermore, the average circularity of the obtained toner particles (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) was 0.948.

The evaluation of the average circularity e of the obtained toner particles was judged according to the following criteria.
A: 0.945 ≦ e
B: 0.935 ≦ e <0.945
C: 0.935> e

At this time, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 68. In addition, the evaluation with respect to the number (j) of coarse particles was judged according to the following criteria.
A: 0 ≦ j <50
B: 50 ≦ j <100
C: 100 ≦ j <150
D: 150 ≦ j <200
E: 200 ≦ j

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this example is shown in FIG.

[Example 2]
The kneaded product obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was cooled and then coarsely pulverized by the coarse pulverizer shown in FIG. 3 to obtain a coarsely pulverized product having a weight average particle diameter of 100 μm.

  The resulting coarsely pulverized product is finely pulverized at a pulverization pressure of 0.4 MPa using the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1 (the gap between the rotor and the stator is 1.0 mm), and classified as shown in FIG. Was used to classify coarse particles to obtain toner fine particles. Table 1 shows the operating conditions. Thereafter, the obtained toner fine particles were subjected to surface modification using a surface modification apparatus shown in FIG. 4 to obtain toner particles.

  In this example, the obtained toner fine particles have a coarsely pulverized product supply rate of 15 kg / h, a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.0 μm, and a particle size of 57% by number of particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less. Had a distribution.

  As a result of measuring the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles, it was 0.933.

  At this time, the amount of electric power used in the fine pulverization process was 48 kW.

  Further, the obtained toner particles have a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.4 μm, particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less have a particle size distribution of 33% by number, and the yield is 80%. there were.

  Further, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner particles was 0.952.

  At this time, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 44.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this example is shown in FIG.

[Example 3]
Toner particles obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were classified with an elbow jet to obtain toner particles.

  The obtained toner particles have a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 5.7 μm, particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less have a particle size distribution of 30% by number, and the yield is 70%. .

  In addition, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, at an equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner particles was 0.939.

  At this time, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 75.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this example is shown in FIG.

[Example 4]
The kneaded product obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was cooled and then coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill to obtain a coarsely pulverized product having a weight average particle diameter of 400 μm.

  The resulting coarsely pulverized product is finely pulverized at a pulverization pressure of 0.6 MPa using the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1 (the gap between the rotor and the stator is 0.8 mm), and classified as shown in FIG. Was used to classify coarse particles to obtain toner fine particles. Table 1 shows the operating conditions. Thereafter, the obtained toner fine particles were subjected to surface modification using a surface modification apparatus shown in FIG. 4 to obtain toner particles.

  In this example, the obtained toner fine particles have a coarsely pulverized material supply rate of 15 kg / h, a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.1 μm, and a particle size of 55% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less. Had a distribution.

  Further, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, circle equivalent diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles was 0.932.

  At this time, the amount of electric power used in the fine pulverization process was 48 kW.

  Further, the obtained toner particles have a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.5 μm, particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less have a particle size distribution of 32% by number, and the yield is 75%. there were.

  The average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner particles was 0.949.

  At this time, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 38.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this example is shown in FIG.

[Example 5]
The kneaded product obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was cooled and then coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill to obtain a coarsely pulverized product having a weight average particle diameter of 400 μm.

  The resulting coarsely pulverized product is finely pulverized at a pulverization pressure of 0.6 MPa using the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1 (the gap between the rotor and the stator is 1.5 mm), and classified as shown in FIG. Was used to classify coarse particles to obtain toner fine particles. Table 1 shows the operating conditions. Thereafter, the obtained toner fine particles were subjected to surface modification using a surface modification apparatus shown in FIG. 4 to obtain toner particles.

  In this embodiment, the obtained toner fine particles have a coarsely pulverized material supply rate of 15 kg / h, a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.3 μm, and a particle size of 55% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less. Had a distribution.

  Further, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles was 0.930.

  At this time, the amount of electric power used in the fine pulverization process was 48 kW.

  Further, the obtained toner particles have a weight average diameter (D4) of 5.6 μm, particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less have a particle size distribution of 31% by number, and the yield is 78%. there were.

  In addition, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, at an equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner particles was 0.947.

  At this time, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 73.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this example is shown in FIG.

[Comparative Example 1]
The coarsely pulverized product obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was subjected to primary pulverization with a jet pulverizer (type I mill 2 manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd.), and then mechanical pulverizer as secondary pulverization. (The turbo mill T250-RS type manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd., rotor and stator gap 1.0 mm) was used for fine grinding. Table 3 shows the operating conditions. The obtained toner fine particles were classified with an elbow jet to obtain toner particles.

  In this comparative example, if the supply amount of the coarsely pulverized product is not 7 kg / h, the weight average diameter (D4) of the obtained toner fine particles does not become 5.3 μm, and 65% by number of particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less. And had a broad particle size distribution.

  Further, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles was 0.922.

  At this time, the total power consumption of the operated fine grinding process was 69 kW, which was larger than the power consumption of the example. The operating conditions at this time are summarized in Table 3.

  Further, the obtained toner particles have a broad particle size distribution in which the weight average particle diameter (D4) is 5.8 μm and the particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less is 38% by number. The yield was as low as 53%.

  Further, the average circularity of the obtained toner particles (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) was 0.932.

  Further, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 76.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this comparative example is shown in FIG. Compared to the manufacturing flow diagram 5 of the example, it can be seen that more space is required.

[Comparative Example 2]
The coarsely pulverized product obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was subjected to primary pulverization with a mechanical pulverizer (Turbo Industries, Inc., turbo mill T250-RS type, gap between rotor and stator: 1.0 mm). As the secondary pulverization, fine pulverization was performed using a jet pulverizer (Type I mill 2 manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd.). The obtained toner fine particles were classified with an elbow jet to obtain toner particles.

  In this comparative example, if the supply amount of the coarsely pulverized product is not 7 kg / h, the weight average diameter (D4) of the obtained toner fine particles does not become 5.3 μm, and 68% by number of particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less. And had a broad particle size distribution.

  In addition, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, circle equivalent diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles was 0.920.

  At this time, the total power consumption of the finely pulverizing process that was operated was 69 kW, which was larger than that of the example. The operating conditions at this time are summarized in Table 3.

  The obtained toner particles have a broad particle size distribution in which the weight average particle size (D4) is 5.8 μm and the particle size of 4.00 μm or less is 43% by number, which does not reach the target particle size of the present invention. The yield was as low as 50%.

  In addition, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, at an equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner particles was 0.930.

  Further, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 71.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this comparative example is shown in FIG. Compared to the manufacturing flow diagram 5 of the example, it can be seen that more space is required.

[Comparative Example 3]
The coarsely pulverized product obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was finely pulverized using a jet pulverizer (Type I mill 2 type, manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd.). The obtained toner fine particles were classified with an elbow jet to obtain toner particles.

  In this comparative example, even when the supply amount of the coarsely pulverized product is reduced to 2 kg / h, the weight average diameter (D4) of the obtained toner fine particles is 5.6 μm, and 70% by number of particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less Thus, the target particle size of the present invention was not reached.

  Further, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles was 0.915.

  At this time, the total power consumption of the operated pulverizer was 48 kW. The operating conditions at this time are summarized in Table 3.

  The obtained toner particles have a broad particle size distribution in which the weight average particle diameter (D4) is 5.8 μm and the particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less is 45% by number, which does not reach the target particle size of the present invention. The yield was as low as 35%.

  In addition, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner particles was 0.925.

  Further, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 176.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this comparative example is shown in FIG.

[Comparative Example 4]
The coarsely pulverized product obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was finely pulverized using a mechanical pulverizer (Turbo Industries, Ltd., turbo mill T250-RS type, gap between rotor and stator: 1.0 mm). The obtained toner fine particles were classified with an elbow jet to obtain toner particles.

  In this comparative example, even when the supply amount of the coarsely pulverized product was reduced to 5 kg / h, the toner fine particles obtained had a weight average diameter (D4) of 6.1 μm and did not reach the target particle size of the present invention. The particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less had a particle size distribution of 50% by number.

  Further, the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, circle equivalent diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles was 0.917.

  At this time, the total power consumption of the pulverizer operated was 21 kW.

  The obtained toner particles have a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 5.8 μm, and a particle size of 4.00 μm or less has a broad particle size distribution of 52% by number. The yield was as low as 20%.

  As a result of measuring the average circularity (measured by FPIA 2100, equivalent circle diameter of 2 μm or more and 400 μm or less) of the obtained toner fine particles, it was 0.926.

  Furthermore, the number of coarse particles of the obtained toner particles was 200 or more.

  The above results are summarized in Table 2. The manufacturing flow of this comparative example is shown in FIG.

It is a schematic sectional view of a pulverizer used in the toner pulverizing means of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of an example classification apparatus used in the classification means after the grinding | pulverization process of this invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mechanical pulverizer used in the toner coarse pulverization step of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a surface modifying apparatus used in the toner surface modifying process of the present invention. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a toner manufacturing flow and a toner manufacturing flow when multistage pulverization is not performed in the pulverization step. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the manufacturing flow of the toner at the time of carrying out the two-stage grinding | pulverization by the grinding | pulverization process in the conventional manufacturing flow. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a collision member used in a first pulverizing unit in the toner manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a toner manufacturing apparatus in which the apparatus of FIG. 1 and the apparatus of FIG. 2 are connected and configured as one unit.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground object supply pipe 2 Ground object 3 Acceleration pipe 4 Throat part 5 Compressed air injection nozzle 6 Ground object supply port 7 Compressed air supply port 8 Compressed air introduction pipe 9 Acceleration pipe outlet 10 Collision member 11 Collision surface 12 Second Collision surface 13 Crushing chamber 14 Crushing chamber side wall 15 Rotor 16 Stator 17 Discharge port 30 Main body casing 31 Cooling jacket 32 Dispersion rotor 33 Square disk 34 Liner 35 Classification rotor 36 Guide ring 37 Material input port 38 Material supply valve 39 Material supply valve Port 40 Product discharge port 41 Product discharge valve 42 Product extraction port 43 Top plate 44 Fine powder discharge casing 45 Fine powder discharge port 47 First space 48 Second space 49 Surface modification zone 50 Classification zone 101 Grinding hammer 102 Grinding hammer 103 Disturbance Plate 104 Stator 105 Rotor 121 Main body casing 122 Classification chamber 123 Guide 124 Classification rotor 125 Raw material inlet 126 Air inlet 128 Frequency converter 129 Fine powder discharge pipe 130 Fine powder recovery means 131 Suction fan 132 Hopper 133 Rotary valve 135 Dispersion louver 201 Raw material mixer 202 Premix hopper 203 Kneader 204 Press roller 205 Cooler 206 Coarse pulverizer 207 Coarse pulverized product hopper 208 Fine pulverizer and pulverizer 209 of the present invention Toner fine particle hopper 210 Surface modifying device 211 Toner particle hopper 212 Externally added mixer 213 Toner hopper 214 Raw material mixer 215 Premix hopper 216 Kneader 217 Press roller 218 Cooler 219 Coarse pulverizer 220 Coarse pulverized product hopper 221 First fine pulverizer 222 First toner fine particle hopper 223 Second fine pulverizer 224 Second toner fine Child hopper 225 surface modifying device 226 toner particles hopper 227 external addition mixer 228 toner hopper 315 metering feeder 319 cool air generating device 320 cooling water generating means 359 Distributor 362 baghouse 364 suction blower 369 collecting cyclone 380 Hopper

Claims (3)

A toner manufacturing apparatus,
1) Classifying means for separating coarse particles having a particle diameter larger than a predetermined particle diameter, 2) First pulverizing means for causing the coarse particles to collide with the high-pressure gas to the impingement plate, and 3) Central rotating shaft A rotor composed of a rotating body having irregularities attached to the rotor, and a stator having irregularities arranged around the rotor while maintaining a certain distance from the surface of the rotor, and the rotation of the rotor A second pulverizing means for pulverizing the particles pulverized by the first pulverizing means, and
A toner manufacturing apparatus, wherein the classification means, the first pulverizing means, and the second pulverizing means are accommodated in one unit.   A toner manufacturing method using the toner manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1.   The toner manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the fine particles pulverized by the second pulverizing unit are classified again by the classification unit.

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