JP2007527305A - 膜装置、および膜を調製する方法、および水素を生成する方法 - Google Patents
膜装置、および膜を調製する方法、および水素を生成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007527305A JP2007527305A JP2006506186A JP2006506186A JP2007527305A JP 2007527305 A JP2007527305 A JP 2007527305A JP 2006506186 A JP2006506186 A JP 2006506186A JP 2006506186 A JP2006506186 A JP 2006506186A JP 2007527305 A JP2007527305 A JP 2007527305A
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Abstract
【選択図】 図3b
Description
担体を設けるステップと、
触媒を担体へ添加するステップと
を備える方法が提供される。
担体および触媒を備える膜を設けるステップと、
第1チャンバから第2チャンバへ、この膜を通って第1反応体を通過させるステップと、
上記膜を通る通過時に、上記第1反応体を触媒と接触させるステップと、
第2反応体と反応させるように、第1反応体に十分なエネルギーを付与するステップと、
第1反応体と第2反応体とを反応させて、水素ガスを生成するステップと、
を備える方法が提供される。
触媒12は、先駆物質としての有機媒質(0.2g/L)中のそれぞれRhNO3またはRhCl3.2H2Oを用いて、カチオンまたはアニオン交換のどちらかを用いて調製する。図3aに示されている膜(すなわち薄め塗膜28+担体10+ガンマアルミナ層(ベーマイト)30)の非対称性によって、担体10への触媒12の様々な導入方法が利用される。第1例において、浸透作用プロセスは、触媒先駆物質溶液(例えばRhNO3またはRhCl3.2H2O)が、部分的に変性された膜10の内部孔14を通って循環されている間に、6.0モルスクロース溶液中に部分的に変性された膜10の外側表面を浸漬するステップを包含する。この構成は、第2例において、今や触媒先駆物質溶液中の部分的に変性された膜10の外側表面の浸漬、および部分的に変性された膜10の内部孔14中の今や循環された浸透性(スクロース)溶液を用いて逆転される。次いで膜10は、蒸留水を用いて洗浄され、その後、今や変性された膜10の内部孔を通るか、または外側円筒形表面を横断して乾燥空気を吹きつけることによって乾燥される。
CH4+O2→CO+H2
CH4+O2*⇒触媒CO+H2
r1
CH4+O2 → CO+H2+H2O スキーム1
r2
→ CO2
r3
CO2+H2O+H2 → CH4+CO スキーム2
選択率X=収率X/転化率CH4
図15および図16は、様々な割合の窒素が、酸素供給原料へ添加された時の収率および選択率を示している。これは、試薬と触媒との接触時間に影響を与える。
1.Gobina,E.,The World Natural Gas Business,BCC,Inc.,2000
2.Gobina,E.,Hydrogen as a Chemical Constituent and as an Energy Source,BCC,Inc.2002.
3.Prettre,M.,C.Eichner,and M.Perrin,Trans.Faraday.Society,1946.43:p.335
4.Nakagawa,K.,et al.,Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas With Iridium−loaded Titania Catalyst.Chemistry Letters,1996:p.1029−1030
Claims (40)
- 第1チャンバと、第2チャンバと、前記第1チャンバと前記第2チャンバとを仕切る膜とを備える装置であって、
前記膜が、担体および触媒を備え、
前記膜が、第1チャンバから第2チャンバへ、前記膜を通る第1反応体の通過を可能にするようになっており、
前記第1反応体が、第2反応体と反応するように、前記通過の時に触媒によって十分なエネルギーが付与される、装置。 - 前記担体が、250℃を超える温度で機能するようになっている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記担体が、無機担体を備える、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記担体が、細孔を備えており、前記担体の1つの表面の方へ向かって、平均細孔半径の漸変がある、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記膜が、第2反応体との反応前にイオン種を形成することなく、第1反応体の分子を活性化するようになっている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記担体が粗面をともなった層を備え、該層が前記担体の他の部分の屈曲性と比べて高い屈曲性を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 比較的粗い表面が、前記担体の外側表面上に設けられている、請求項6に記載の装置。
- フラックス制御層が前記担体上に設けられている、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- フラックス制御層が前記担体の第1表面上に設けられ、粗面を有する層が、前記担体の反対側表面上に設けられている、請求項6または7のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記フラックス制御層が、触媒の一部分をその中に保持し、かつ前記膜を通る第1反応体の通過を制御するようになっている無機多孔質層を備える、請求項8または9に記載の装置。
- 前記フラックス制御層が、シリカおよびガンマアルミナからなる群から選択される、請求項8〜10のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記触媒が金属触媒を備える、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記金属触媒が、ロジウム、ルテニウム、およびニッケルからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記膜が、円筒の形状で備えられている、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記膜が、1つ以上の支柱を備える、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記担体が、アルファアルミナを備える、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 水素ガスを生成する方法であって、
担体および触媒を備える膜を設けるステップと、
第1チャンバから第2チャンバに、前記膜を通って第1反応体を通過させるステップと、
前記膜を通過する際に、前記反応体を触媒と接触させるステップと、
第2反応体と反応させるように、第1反応体に十分なエネルギーを付与するステップと、
第1反応体と第2反応体とを反応させて、水素ガスを生成するステップと、
を備える方法。 - 第1反応体へ付与されたエネルギーが、第2反応体との反応前に、イオン種を形成することなく第1反応体の分子を活性化する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 温度が500℃以上である、請求項17または18に記載の方法。
- 温度が700℃〜800℃である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 第1反応体が、酸素および炭化水素のうちの1つであり、第2反応体が、酸素および炭化水素のうちの他方のものである、請求項17〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 酸素および炭化水素が、第1反応体が、第1チャンバから第2チャンバに、前記膜を通って通過してしまうまで互いに接触しないようにした、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素が、通常は気体の炭化水素を備える、請求項21または22に記載の方法。
- 第1チャンバ内の圧力が第2チャンバ内の圧力よりも大きい、請求項20〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 水素に加えて、一酸化炭素が形成される、請求項20〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 一酸化炭素と水素とが、更に反応させられ、フィッシャー−・トロプシュ型反応において、通常は液体の炭化水素を生成する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記水素が、燃料としての使用のために回収される、請求項20〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 膜を調製する方法であって、
担体を設けるステップと、
触媒を担体へ添加するステップと、
を備える方法。 - 前記担体が無機担体である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 更に、前記担体の表面の1つへコーティングを加えるステップを含む、請求項28または29に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティングが、担体上に粗い表面を生成し、前記表面が、担体の他の部分の屈曲性と比べて高い屈曲性を有する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティングが、金属酸化物または金属酸化物先駆物質を備える、請求項30または31に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物または先駆物質が、第IV族金属酸化物または第IV族金属酸化物先駆物質を備える、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記第IV族金属酸化物または先駆物質が、TiO2またはTiO2先駆物質を備える、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティングが、前記膜上にフラックス制御層を生成する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- フラックス制御層である第2コーティングもまた、担体に加えられる、請求項30〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フラックス制御層が、ベーマイトゾルへの暴露によって、前記膜に加えられる、請求項35または36に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティングおよび/または第2コーティングが、コーティングを備える液体中に担体を浸漬することによって加えられる、請求項28〜36のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒先駆物質溶液を、前記担体の第1表面上に通過させ、浸透性溶液を、前記担体の反対側表面上に通過させ、触媒または触媒先駆物質を、浸透プロセスを介して担体上に沈着させることによって、前記膜の表面へ触媒を加えるステップを含む、請求項28〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 更に、担体を乾燥するステップ、および/または担体を加熱および燃焼するステップも含む、請求項28〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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JP2013095681A (ja) * | 2011-10-29 | 2013-05-20 | Jfe Steel Corp | Co2及び/又はcoからのメタンの製造方法及び装置 |
Also Published As
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BRPI0410047A (pt) | 2006-04-25 |
CA2524349A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
US7641888B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
CN1816382B (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
US20060239874A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
WO2004098750A8 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1624949A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
US20100172809A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
DK1624949T3 (da) | 2013-09-30 |
AU2004237122B2 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
JP5154794B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
BRPI0410047B1 (pt) | 2014-08-12 |
CA2524349C (en) | 2010-12-14 |
PL1624949T3 (pl) | 2013-12-31 |
WO2004098750A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
EA200501664A1 (ru) | 2006-02-24 |
AU2004237122A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
US8501151B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
EA008759B1 (ru) | 2007-08-31 |
GB0310281D0 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
ZA200508892B (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP1624949B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
CN1816382A (zh) | 2006-08-09 |
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