JP2007512828A - ミュラー幹細胞 - Google Patents
ミュラー幹細胞 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007512828A JP2007512828A JP2006542023A JP2006542023A JP2007512828A JP 2007512828 A JP2007512828 A JP 2007512828A JP 2006542023 A JP2006542023 A JP 2006542023A JP 2006542023 A JP2006542023 A JP 2006542023A JP 2007512828 A JP2007512828 A JP 2007512828A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は,成人ヒト神経網膜からミュラー細胞を得ることができ,これを適当な条件下で幹細胞のようにふるまうようにさせることを実現したことに基づく。
(i)1またはそれ以上の哺乳動物成人ミュラー細胞を取得し;そして
(ii)この細胞を細胞外マトリクス蛋白質および成長因子の存在下で培養して,ミュラー細胞の先祖表現型への脱分化を誘導する。
本発明は,成人ヒトミュラー先祖細胞の同定,拡大および維持を可能とし,この細胞を種々の網膜疾患を治療するための移植療法において用いることを可能とする。成人ミュラー細胞は,哺乳動物ドナーの網膜から単離することができ,成熟細胞のマーカーを発現するが,インビトロで特定の条件で処理すると,細胞は再び細胞サイクルに入り,脱分化して,先祖細胞表現型を発現する細胞,例えば,ネスチン,ソニックヘッジホッグ蛋白質,転写因子Sox−2,Pax−6およびChx10βIIIチューブリンを発現し,ピーナッツアグルチニンに結合する細胞となる。これらはまた,分化した網膜ニューロンのマーカー,例えば,HuD,カルレチニン,カルビンジン,Brn5.0,ニューロン特異的エノラーゼ,Thy−1,ペリフェリン,ロドプシンおよび70kDa神経フィラメント蛋白質を発現する。
実施例1
成人ミュラー先祖細胞の,網膜ニューロンのマーカーを発現する細胞への脱分化
懸濁したミュラー細胞を,マトリゲルでコーティングした培養プレートで,
10%ウシ胎児血清(FCS)およびFGF−2(40μg/ml)単独,またはi)インスリン(100μg/ml),ii)レチノイン酸(RA)(500nM),またはiii)トリヨードチロニン(T3,40μg/ml)との組み合わせを含むDMEM培地中で,1000個/mlの密度で培養した。48時間ごとに新たに置き換えた培地で3−10日間培養した後,細胞は,形態学および神経網膜マーカーの発現において種々の変化を示した。例えば,マトリゲル上でFGF2の存在下で5日間培養した後,細胞は神経球(neurospheres)を形成し,神経球中に含まれる細胞はPNAに結合し,ネスチン,カルレチニンおよびβIIIチューブリン(神経先祖のマーカー)を発現した。フィブロネクチン上でレチノイン酸の存在下で培養すると,ミュラー細胞は神経球を形成し,これも神経の形態学を示した。これらはまた,ネスチンおよび網膜ニューロンのマーカー(例えば,68kD神経フィラメント蛋白質,thy−1およびカルレチニン),ならびにロドプシン(杆状体光受容細胞のマーカー)を発現していた。マトリゲル上でFGF2およびIGF−1の存在下で10日間培養した後,これらは神経の形態学を示し,網膜神経マーカーであるthy−1,ニューロン特異的エノラーゼおよびカルビンジン(calbinding)を発現した。さらに,これらはロドプシンおよびペリフェリン(いずれも光受容細胞のマーカー)を発現した。
網膜変性の実験モデルにおける視覚機能の回復
神経節細胞喪失を伴う進行性の光受容変性を示す3週齢のジストロフィー性のRCS(Royal College of Surgeons)ラットをシクロスポリンAで免疫抑制し,105個のミュラー細胞を含む2μlのDMEM培地を経強膜経路で後側頭空間に注入した。移植の8,12および15週間後に,組織病理学的手法および免疫組織学的手法により,網膜構造および移植した細胞の位置を調べた。視覚機能は,白黒縞の線を付けた回転するドラムの中央の静止したプラットフォームに置かれたときの動物の頭の動きを設定した間隔で計時することにより測定した。この実験プロトコルを用いると,ラットが見ることができる場合には,動く線は無意識の視線運動性応答を引き起こし,例えば,ラットはその動きを追う。結果は,RCSラットの網膜下空間に移植されたヒトミュラー幹細胞が網膜を越えて移動し,光受容層および神経節細胞層に局在したことを示した。
ミュラー幹細胞のインビトロでの多機能性
ラット,マウスおよびトリ網膜の神経先祖について観察されるように,脱分化した細胞中に存在する細胞の大部分は,i)サイクリンD(網膜の発達の間の増殖の制御に関与する細胞サイクル蛋白質),ii)ピーナッツアグルチニン(多機能性神経幹細胞の糖複合体に結合するレクチン)の結合;iii)カルレチニン(主要神経網膜マーカー);iv)ネスチンおよびβIIIチューブリン(神経分化の初期マーカー);およびv)神経網膜先祖のマーカー,例えばSix3/6およびSox−2を発現していた。これらの細胞は,これらが発現する神経網膜マーカーの不均一性により示されるように,異なる成熟網膜ニューロンを起源とするようであった。これらには,Thy−1,NSE,Brn5.0,HuD,ペリフェリン,カルレチニンおよびロドプシンが含まれる。
成人ヒト網膜のミュラー細胞による先祖マーカーのインシトゥー発現
成人神経網膜から単離された多機能性幹細胞がミュラー細胞の集団を構成するという証拠は,これらの細胞がインシトゥーで同定されるか否かによってのみ確認することができる。したがって,網膜切片を網膜先祖の種々のマーカーおよび細胞マーカーCRALBPまたはネスチンに対する抗体で共染色した。共焦点顕微鏡により,特徴的なミュラー細胞形態学を有し,CRALBPを発現する,神経中心網膜中に局在する細胞の集団が,先祖マーカーShh,Sox−2およびChx10を発現することが示された。これらのマーカーを共発現するミュラー細胞の頻度は,周辺(内核層(INL)中の細胞総数の2−5%)において中心網膜(INL中の細胞の1−2%)におけるより高かったが,細胞は,毛様体から2.0−2.5cmの距離で明確に観察された。網膜切片をネスチンについて共染色することによっても,この先祖マーカーおよび転写因子Shh,Sox−2およびChx10を共発現するミュラー細胞が同定された。調べた4つすべての標本において,ミュラー細胞は先祖マーカーについて共染色されたことが認められた。これらの知見は,成人ヒト神経網膜からのミュラー細胞の集団が多機能性の特徴を有し,これらを容易に単離することができ,インビトロで無期限に維持することができるという知見を強く裏付ける。
RCSラットの網膜下空間に移植されたときのミュラー先祖細胞の運命
移植されたミュラー幹細胞をヒトミトコンドリアに対する抗体で追跡することにより,網膜下注入の7−9日後に,細胞は外核層(ONL)の表面に沿って小さなクラスターの群を形成し,いくつかの細胞は網膜細胞層内に移動したことが観察された(図7A)。光受容細胞層中に移動した細胞は,ロドプシン(杆状体細胞特異的マーカー)を発現していたが(図7B),一方,神経節細胞層(GCL)内に移動した細胞は神経節細胞のマーカーであるカルレチニンを発現していた(図7B)。移植の5週間後には,移植された細胞の同様のパターンの移動および局在が観察された。
ジストロフィー性RCSラットにおいてミュラー幹細胞の移植は網膜の一体性および視覚機能を保持する
ミュラー幹細胞移植の15週間後に網膜形態学を分析したところ,ONLにおける光受容細胞の解剖学的構造および外側セグメントの正常な形態学により判定して,網膜の一体性がよく保存されていることが示された。1匹の動物では完全な厚さのONLが認められ,これは移植されていない反対側の網膜では光受容細胞の存在が希薄であることと対称的であった(図6)。
Claims (15)
- 移植療法において有用な網膜細胞を製造する方法であって,
(i)1またはそれ以上の哺乳動物成人ミュラー細胞を取得し;そして
(ii)細胞をマトリクス蛋白質および成長因子の存在下で培養して,細胞の先祖表現型への脱分化を誘導する,
の各工程を含む方法。 - マトリクス蛋白質がフィブロネクチンであり,成長因子がEGFである,請求項1記載の方法。
- 細胞がヒトミュラー細胞である,請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 脱分化した細胞をマトリクス蛋白質および分化誘導剤の存在下でさらに培養して,脱分化した細胞が特定の分化した細胞表現型に適合する(adopt)よう誘導する,請求項1−3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 細胞外マトリクスが,マトリゲル,フィブロネクチン,コラーゲンまたはラミニンであり,および分化誘導剤がFGF−2,レチノイン酸,3,3’,5−トリヨード−L−チロニン,インスリン,インスリン様成長因子またはTGFβである,請求項4記載の方法。
- 請求項1−5のいずれかに記載の方法により得ることができる細胞を含む組成物。
- 治療用途用の,請求項6記載の組成物。
- 請求項1−5のいずれかにおいて定義される方法により得られる網膜細胞の,細胞喪失または細胞傷害に伴う状態を治療するための医薬品の製造における使用。
- 細胞がヒト細胞である,請求項8記載の使用。
- 網膜細胞が多機能性ミュラー幹細胞である,請求項8または9に記載の使用。
- 状態が,哺乳動物の目における細胞喪失または傷害に伴うものである,請求項8−10のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 治療すべき状態が,加齢関連変性,増殖性糖尿病性網膜症,増殖性硝子体網膜症,網膜剥離,色素性網膜炎,緑内障および視神経傷害および変性からなる群より選択される,請求項8−11のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 細胞が,治療すべき患者に由来する自己細胞,細胞バンクに保存されている異種細胞,または患者または細胞バンクに由来する細胞から遺伝的に改変された細胞である,請求項8−12のいずれかに記載の使用。
- マトリクス蛋白質および1またはそれ以上の成長因子を含む組成物の,傷害を受けた目に投与して傷害を修復するための医薬品の製造における使用。
- 患者に移植するための構造であって,該構造は複数の網膜ニューロンがその上に組み込まれている材料を支持する多層のマトリクスを含み,1つの層の網膜ニューロンは他の層の網膜ニューロンと同じ表現型であっても異なる表現型であってもよい,ことを特徴とする構造。
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US20120100215A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
ES2482765T3 (es) | 2014-08-04 |
GB0328021D0 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
WO2005054447A2 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
CA2547233A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
AU2004294514A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
WO2005054447A3 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
CA2547233C (en) | 2013-05-14 |
US20070248644A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
EP1706484A2 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
EP1706484B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
US8691207B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
US8173426B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
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