JP2007510509A - 骨および組織の足場ならびにその製造方法 - Google Patents
骨および組織の足場ならびにその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、同時係属中の米国仮特許出願第60/517,408号、発明の名称「骨および組織の足場ならびにその製造方法(Bone and Tissue Scaffolding and Method for Producing Same)」、出願日2003年11月6日を参照し、上記出願の全体の内容および記載事項は、本願明細書に参考として援用される。
本発明は、一般に、整形外科用材料に関する。より詳細には、手頃な費用で製造され得、異例の特徴を有する、骨の内部成長および表層成長の材料および軟組織の足場に関する。
(a)毒性モノマーがそれらの化学処方中に含まれる;
(b)十分に高い多孔度が生じ得ない;
(c)所望のセル寸法が生じ得ない;
(d)所望のセル形態が生じ得ない;
(e)必要な支柱厚が達成され得ない;
(f)原料が非常に高価である;
(g)製造プロセスが非常に遅く、かつ複雑である;および
(h)プロセスが1クラスの材料(通常、ポリマー)に制限され、別のクラスの材料(顕著には金属またはセラミック)の製造には十分に適していない。
用語の定義がその用語の通常用いられる意味から逸脱する場合、特に示されなければ、出願人は、以下に提供する定義を使用することを意図する。
レーザー加工、化学加工またはエッチング、光化学加工、プラズマエッチング、スタンピング、電子ビーム加工、および繊維製造プロセスは、極度に多孔質でそして制御された薄いパーツを製造し得る。一例として、レーザー加工ステントの製造が、Kalpakjianらに記載されている。Kalpakjian, S.ら, 2003, Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials, New York, Prentice-Hall(これらの全体の内容および記載事項は、本願明細書に参考として援用される)を参照のこと。Kalpakjianらでは、ステントの支柱が91μm程度の狭さであり、これは、ほぼ100μm〜300μmであるImplex社の梁金属における支柱と同程度である。
(a)少なくとも1つの金属、ポリマー、セラミックまたは複合材でなる複数のシートが、例えば、レーザー加工により、加工される;
(b)レーザー加工から生じるいかなるスラグ、スプラッター、遮蔽物、または他の汚染物もが、例えば、化学加工または等価のプロセスによって、除去され得る;
(c)これらのシートが、グラファイトまたは他の適切な材料から製造された鋳型に入れられて積み上げられて、所望の製品が生成される。グラファイトまたは他の適切な材料は、好ましくは、シート材料よりも高い溶融温度を有し、そして本発明の実施態様によれば、好ましくは、昇温状態でシート材料に対して化学的に不活性である;
(d)層を圧縮するのに十分ではあるが、顕著な可塑変形を引き起こすほど大きくはない圧縮応力をこれらの層に与えるように、鋳型が締められる;
(e)鋳型が真空火炉中に置かれるか、または他の加熱手段で、これらのシート層を拡散接合する。拡散接合に用いられる温度は、材料によって異なるが、絶対温度スケールで溶融温度のほぼ90%である。
1)他の全ての材料および方法に用いられたバッチ式とは対照的に、大規模な製造に適した半連続的なプロセスであること。これは、Pro OsteonTM、VITOSSTM、Norian SRSTM、Alpha-BSMTM、ApaPoreTMおよびHedrocel(登録商標)、ならびに開発中の直接書込み(ラピッドプロトタイピング)法を含む;
2)バルクポリマー足場に対する薄い多孔質のテープの浸透の改善。セラミックスラリーで多孔質ポリマー足場を浸透させるために使用された先の方法には、本質的に、相対的に高い粘性のセラミックスラリーを用いてバルク足場を完全および均一に浸透するという困難性があった;
3)積層物製造法は、複数の浸透したテープを可撓性の予備焼結した(「グリーン」)状態で連続的に積み重ねることによって、材料の巨視的形状および微視的構成を仕立てるために使用され得る。例えば、複数の層が、気孔構成の変化(機能的勾配)を組み込み得る。また、インプラント表面上の骨内部成長による固定化のために使用されるような表面輪郭に合わせるように、複数のグリーン層が積み重ねられ、加圧され得る;および
4)「ネガ型」ポリマーに基づいて梁構成を製造し、仕立て上げる能力。これは、今日までいかなるセラミック足場でも達成されていなかった。
Claims (94)
- 骨および組織の内部成長および表層成長の足場であって、接合された材料層を含み、該材料が、金属、セラミック、およびポリマーの少なくとも1つを含み、該材料が、約5%と約95%との間の多孔度を有し、約0.05mmと約5mmとの間の平均間隔のセルを有し、そして約0.05mmから約2mmの厚さの支柱を有する、足場。
- 前記セルが等軸である、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記セルが細長い、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記多孔度が約70%と約90%との間である、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記セルが約0.25mmと0.6mmとの間の平均間隔を有する、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記支柱が約0.08mmから約0.12mmの間の厚さである、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料が金属を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記金属が、チタン、コバルト、クロム、タンタル、ステレンス鋼、マグネシウム、および形状記憶合金からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項7に記載の足場。
- さらに、前記金属上にセラミックの粒子、ウイスカ、またはファイバーを含む、請求項7に記載の足場。
- 前記材料がセラミックを含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記セラミックが、アルミナ、部分安定化ジルコニア、ハイドロキシアパタイト、およびリン酸カルシウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項10に記載の足場。
- 前記セラミックが、Si、Mg、およびカーボネートからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーでドープ処理されたハイドロキシアパタイトを含む、請求項10に記載の足場。
- 前記材料がポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記ポリマーが、強化ポリマー、ナイロン、ポリカーボネート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリラクチド、ポリグリコリド、および合成もしくは天然コラーゲン、ポリ(DL−ラクチド)、ポリ(L−ラクチド)、ポリ(グリコリド)、ポリ(ε−カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ジオキサノン)、ポリ(グリコネート)、ポリ(ヒドロキシブチレート)、ポリ(ヒドロキシバレレート)、ポリ(オルトエステル)、ポリ(カルボキシレート)、ポリ(プロピレンフマレート)、ポリ(ホスフェート)、ポリ(カーボネート)、ポリ(無水物)、ポリ(イミノカーボネート)、ポリ(ホスファゼン)、ならびにそれらのコポリマー、ブレンド、および組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項13に記載の足場。
- 前記ポリマーが、ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、超高分子量ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、ポリブチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、重合モノマー、トリ(エチレングリコール)ジメタクリレート、ビスフェノールaヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、ならびにそれらのコポリマー、ブレンド、および組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項13に記載の足場。
- 前記ポリマーが発熱相変化ポリマーを含む、請求項13に記載の足場。
- 前記接合された層がさらに、熱からの保護を提供するための真空層を含む、請求項16に記載の足場。
- 前記材料が、内部加圧によって膨張され得る圧縮可能または折り畳み可能な材料を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料が、少なくとも2つの材料を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料に、薬物および医薬の少なくとも1つが含浸されているか、またはコーティングされている、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記足場が、完全オープンセル構造を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記足場が、部分オープンセル構造を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記足場が、完全クローズドセル構造を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料の前記多孔度が前記層間で均一でない、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料の密度が前記層間で均一でない、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料の形態が前記層間で均一でない、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料が、ダイヤモンド、酸化アルミニウム、セラミック、サーメット、金属、金属合金、ポリマー、生物学的材料、ハイドロキシアパタイト、およびヒアルロン酸からなる群から選択される1つのメンバーでコーティングされている、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記生物学的材料が動物組織を含む、請求項27に記載の足場。
- 前記生物学的材料が植物質物質を含む、請求項27に記載の足場。
- 前記生物学的材料がヒト組織を含む、請求項27に記載の足場。
- 前記材料が、微細構造における転移を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記接合された層が1つ以上の材料を含み、そして該材料が、該1つ以上の材料の間の転移を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記接合された層がさらに、バリア層を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記材料がさらに、前記接合された層の最上部および底部の少なくとも一方の側に固体層を含み、固体構造への接合を容易にする、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記接合された層が、金属強化ポリマー層に接合された固体層を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記金属強化ポリマー層がさらに、バリア層に接合されている、請求項35に記載の足場。
- 前記バリア層がさらに、高分子量アクリルポリマー層に接合されている、請求項36に記載の足場。
- 前記接合された層がさらに、加圧流体を取り囲む固体層を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記固体層が、金属、複合材、または可撓性ポリマーを含む、請求項38に記載の足場。
- 前記接合された層の最上層が骨および/または組織と統合するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記骨および/または組織を統合する層の直下に配置された層が、生体吸収性材料層を含む、請求項40に記載の足場。
- 前記生体吸収性材料層が、薬物および医薬の少なくとも1つをカプセル化している、請求項41に記載の足場。
- 前記生体吸収性材料層の下に、固体層が配置されている、請求項41に記載の足場。
- 前記骨および/または組織を統合する層の直下に配置された層が、該骨および/または組織を統合する層に遠位の領域において最大濃密層に転移する1つ以上の層を含む、請求項40に記載の足場。
- 前記最大濃密層の下に、射出成形ポリマーに接合された転移層が配置されている、請求項44に記載の足場。
- 前記最大濃密層の下に、骨および/または組織と統合するように構成された第二の層が配置されている、請求項44に記載の足場。
- 前記材料が、液体メチルメタクリレートモノマーを含有する金属足場を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記金属足場の上に、さらにアクリルポリマー層がその上に配置されたバリア層が接合されている、請求項47に記載の足場。
- 前記金属足場が固体金属インプラントに接合されている、請求項47に記載の足場。
- 前記材料が圧電材料を含む、請求項1に記載の足場。
- 前記圧電材料が、石英、チタン酸バリウム、ロッシェル塩、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛(PZT)、酸化鉛ニオブ(lead niobium oxide)、およびポリビニルフルオリドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項50に記載の足場。
- 前記圧電材料が、金属、ポリマー、またはセラミックを含む別の材料によってカプセル化されている、請求項50に記載の足場。
- 骨および組織の内部成長の足場を製造する方法であって、
加工された材料の複数のシートを提供する工程であって、該材料が、金属、セラミック、およびポリマーの少なくとも1つを含み、該材料が、約5%と約95%との間の多孔度を有し、約0.05mmと約5mmとの間の平均間隔を有するセルを有し、そして約0.05mmから約2mmの厚さの支柱を有する、工程;
該シートを圧縮に供する工程;および
該シートを接合して、骨および組織の内部成長の足場を製造する工程
を含む、方法。 - 前記シートがバッチ式で製造される、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記シートを積み重ねる前に該シートからスラグ、スプラッター、遮蔽物、または汚染物を除去する工程をさらに含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが、該シートを圧縮に供する前に積み重ねられる、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが、ランダムに積み重ねられる、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが、規則正しく積み重ねられる、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが、1つの接合工程で全て接合される、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記加工された材料の複数のシートを、レーザー加工、化学加工またはエッチング、噴射水切削、放電加工、スタンピング、光化学加工、プラズマエッチング、電子ビーム加工、または繊維製造プロセスによって、まず製造する工程をさらに含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記材料の複数のシートを、該材料中にスリット加工し、そして該スリット材料を膨張させることによって、まず製造する工程をさらに含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔度が約50%と約90%との間である、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔度が約70%と約90%との間である、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記セルが約0.25mmと0.6mmとの間の平均間隔を有する、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記支柱が約0.08mmから約0.12mmの間の厚さである、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記材料が金属を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記金属が、チタン、コバルト、クロム、タンタル、ステレンス鋼、マグネシウム、および形状記憶合金からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項66に記載の方法。
- 前記材料がセラミックを含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記セラミックが、アルミナ、部分安定化ジルコニア、ハイドロキシアパタイト、およびリン酸カルシウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記セラミックが、Si、Mg、およびカーボネートからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーでドープ処理されたハイドロキシアパタイトを含む、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが個々に、セラミックスラリーから製造されたセラミック層を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記材料がポリマーを含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーが、強化ポリマー、ナイロン、ポリカーボネート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリラクチド、ポリグリコリド、および合成もしくは天然コラーゲン、ポリ(DL−ラクチド)、ポリ(L−ラクチド)、ポリ(グリコリド)、ポリ(ε−カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ジオキサノン)、ポリ(グリコネート)、ポリ(ヒドロキシブチレート)、ポリ(ヒドロキシバレレート)、ポリ(オルトエステル)、ポリ(カルボキシレート)、ポリ(プロピレンフマレート)、ポリ(ホスフェート)、ポリ(カーボネート)、ポリ(無水物)、ポリ(イミノカーボネート)、ポリ(ホスファゼン)、ならびにそれらのコポリマー、ブレンド、および組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項72に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーが、ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、超高分子量ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、ポリブチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、重合モノマー、トリ(エチレングリコール)ジメタクリレート、ビスフェノールaヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、ならびにそれらのコポリマー、ブレンド、および組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーを含む、請求項72に記載の方法。
- 前記材料が、少なくとも2つの材料を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記材料が、コーティングされた第二の材料を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記材料が、金属−セラミックハイブリッドの足場を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記足場が、完全オープンセル構造を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記足場が、部分オープンセル構造を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記足場が、完全クローズドセル構造を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが、該シートを圧縮に供する前に鋳型に入れて積み重ねられる、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記鋳型が、前記シート材料よりも高い溶融温度を有する材料を含む、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記鋳型が、前記シート材料に関して化学的に不活性である材料を含む、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記鋳型がグラファイトを含む、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記鋳型が、前記シートを圧縮に供するように締められる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 火炉で前記鋳型を加熱して前記シートを拡散接合する工程をさらに含む、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱が、絶対温度スケールで該材料の溶融点のほぼ90%である温度で行われる、請求項86に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが、接着接合、拡散接合、熱圧縮、摩擦溶接、超音波溶接、冷間溶接、レーザー溶接、抵抗溶接、アーク溶接、ブレージング、およびグレイジングからなる群から選択される1つのメンバーによって接合される、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが約10μmから約1mmの厚さである、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記骨および組織の足場がおよそ2mmから3mmの厚さである、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記シートが、該シートを接合する前にマンドレルの周囲に巻き付けられる、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記マンドレルがグラファイトを含む、請求項91に記載の方法。
- 前記骨および組織の内部成長の足場が、生組織の幾何形態を模倣するようにコンピューターモデリングを用いて設計される、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 請求項53に記載の方法で製造された製品。
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JP2012071214A (ja) * | 2003-11-06 | 2012-04-12 | Univ Of Notre Dame | 骨および組織の足場ならびにその製造方法 |
JP2013526913A (ja) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-06-27 | シンセス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | CoCrMo基材用コーティング |
JP2013128707A (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-07-04 | Kyocera Medical Corp | 人工関節用コンポーネント |
JP2013534854A (ja) * | 2010-06-28 | 2013-09-09 | シンセス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | コーティングされたインプラント |
JP2014534843A (ja) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-12-25 | ポステック アカデミー−インダストリー ファンデーション | メンブレイン型人工支持体及びその製造方法 |
US9169551B2 (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2015-10-27 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Coating for a CoCrMo substrate |
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KR102206917B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-01-25 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 압출 적층 방식 3d 프린팅용 고분자-강화입자 복합수지 조성물, 고분자-강화입자 복합수지 필라멘트 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR102367095B1 (ko) * | 2021-02-17 | 2022-02-23 | 김신재 | 타겟 뼈의 2d 이미지가 반영된 3d 뼈 모형 제조 방법 및 상기 방법에 따라 제조된 3d 뼈 모형 |
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EP1689319A4 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
WO2005047467A2 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
JP2012071214A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
EP1689319A2 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
US20050100578A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
WO2005047467A3 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
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