JP2007289207A - Rooftop greening system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rooftop greening system which can maintain a suitable water condition of a soil layer, even when the soil layer is lightweight and has a small thickness. <P>SOLUTION: This rooftop greening system in which a water-conducting sheet 7 is laid under a soil 8 to supply water from the water-conducting sheet 7 to the soil 8 is characterized by disposing the water-conducting sheet 7 on a draining layer 6 having a draining property, burying a three-dimensional structure net 20 in the soil 8 and disposing fixing metal fittings for fixing the three-dimensional structure net 20 to the rooftop. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rooftop greening system, and more particularly to a technique for improving a water supply / drainage structure to soil.

  In order to suppress the heat island phenomenon in urban areas, it is recommended that the rooftops of buildings and the like be green gardens. An indispensable condition for carrying out this rooftop greening is to replant without giving an excessive weight load to the building roof top. It is assumed that the soil is made a thin layer of 10 cm or less, for example, and the greening base is lightened.

  However, using the above-mentioned lightweight soil and trying to replant the rooftop with ground irrigation equipment and general foundation work, the following problems have arisen.

  That is, when the soil is thinned, the amount of water retained in the soil is reduced and the soil is easily dried, and the risk of drought damage on the plant increases. In addition, if the soil contains moisture, the temperature buffering function works and the temperature change becomes small. However, when the soil is dried, the soil temperature change is remarkable, and the temperature of the plant is severe for plant growth. In order to prevent such soil from drying, sprinklers are used to sprinkle water. However, it is difficult to manage the thin-layer soil in an appropriate moisture state, and there are also inconveniences that people cannot use it. It was.

  This invention solves the above subject, and it aims at providing the rooftop greening system which can maintain the appropriate moisture state of soil even if soil thickness is made thin.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a rooftop greening system configured such that a water-conducting sheet is laid under the soil and water is supplied from the water-conducting sheet to the soil. Is provided on a drainage layer made of a drainage member, a three-dimensional structure net is embedded in the soil, and means for restraining the three-dimensional structure net on the roof surface is provided.

  According to the invention described in claim 1, by supplying water to the soil from the water-conducting sheet laid under the soil, water spraying by a sprinkler or the like becomes unnecessary, and uniform water supply to the soil becomes possible. Moreover, it is prevented that an excessive water | moisture content retains in a water-conducting sheet by installing a water-conducting sheet on a drainage layer. For this reason, the water conveyance of a water conveyance sheet | seat can be maintained, and the water supply from a water conveyance sheet | seat to soil can always be performed appropriately. Furthermore, since the drainage layer drains temporarily excess water due to heavy rain and the like quickly, it cannot accumulate in the green space even during rain. Therefore, according to this invention, even if the thickness of soil is thin, the appropriate moisture state of soil can be maintained. Moreover, the erosion of the soil can be suppressed by the three-dimensional structure net, and the surface layer of the plant can be prevented from being peeled off by wind or the like because the root of the plant is entangled with the three-dimensional structure net. Further, by constraining the three-dimensional structure net embedded in the soil to the roof surface, the greening base itself can also be restrained to the roof surface.

  As described above, according to the rooftop greening system according to the present invention, an appropriate moisture state of the soil can be maintained even if the soil thickness is reduced.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a rooftop greening system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, a waterproof layer 2 is disposed on a roof slab 1, and a planting growth base 3 is disposed on the waterproof layer 2.

  The growth base 3 is formed to have a thickness of 15 cm or less, for example, and includes a waterproof sheet 4, a water retaining sheet 5, a drainage layer 6, and a water conducting sheet 7 in order from the lower layer, and further formed on the water conducting sheet 7. Soil 8 is provided. Then, planting 9, 10 is performed on the soil 8. Further, a water supply pipe 11 is embedded in the soil 8, and water is supplied from the water supply pipe 11 to the water guide sheet 7.

  The waterproof sheet 4 is a normal asphalt impregnated sheet.

  The water retentive sheet 5 is a sheet-like member made of a woven or knitted fabric having high water retentivity. For example, the water retentive sheet 5 is formed by weaving PET raw yarn, impregnating an uncrosslinked resin, and causing a crosslinking reaction. Alternatively, the water retention sheet 5 can also be formed by weaving the PET yarn after performing water absorption treatment, or by weaving a slit of a water-soluble resin. Since the water retention sheet 5 is always wet with moisture, it has a role as a root prevention sheet for preventing rooting of the planting at this position. Moreover, the thermal buffering function of the growth base 3 can be enhanced by the high water retention property of the water retention sheet 5. Such a water-retaining sheet 5 can be handled as a lightweight sheet in a non-hydrated state, and can be easily laid. In the present embodiment, for example, trade names “SMAT-A, SMAT-B, SMAT-C, SMAT-D, SMAT-E” manufactured by Seisei Textile Co., Ltd. are used as the water retention sheet 5.

  The drainage layer 6 is composed of a drainage member composed of a mat having a flattened three-dimensional stitch structure and comprising a mat having a thickness of about 1 cm containing continuous voids. In this embodiment, as the drainage member, for example, The brand name “Hetimaron” manufactured by Shinko Nylon Co., Ltd. is used. Such a drainage layer 6 has a function of allowing moisture to permeate and discharging the excess moisture in the water-conducting sheet 7 downward, entangled with the roots of the planting, stabilizes the rooting, and forms an air layer. Therefore, it has a function to prevent root rot due to excessive moisture during the rainy season.

  The water-conducting sheet 7 is a sheet composed of a woven fabric or the like, and permeates the irrigation supplied from the water supply pipe 11 to one surface by capillary action and exudes the entire surface into the upper soil 8. Thus, by supplying water to the soil 8 using the water-conducting sheet 7, it is possible to make the soil moisture uniform without performing excessive irrigation compared to the case of watering by a conventional sprinkler or hand. it can.

  It should be noted that a humidity sensor or the like is embedded in the soil, and an automatic water supply facility is provided for automatically supplying a certain amount of water to the water supply pipe 11 when this sensor detects a predetermined dry state. Also good.

The soil 8 is, for example, a mixed soil forming a layer having a thickness of about 5 cm, and is a mixture of volcanic ash weathered subsoil, charcoal, and zeolite in an appropriate composition ratio. This composition ratio is preferably set so that the pH of the soil 8 becomes a neutral value. In this embodiment, the composition ratio of the soil 8 is volcanic ash weathered soil 8: charcoal 0.5-1: zeolite 1-1.4 in weight ratio. In this composition ratio, if the soil layer thickness is 5 cm and the temporary specific gravity is 1, the weight is 50 kg / m ² , and a lightweight soil can be realized.

  The weathered volcanic ash used as the above soil material is a soil material that has excellent water retention and adsorbability of anions such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

  In addition, the purpose of mixing charcoal is to create a living phase of microorganisms using the porous voids, grow nitrogen-fixing bacteria to take in nitrogen in the atmosphere and supply it to plants, Maintains plant growth and growth in soil.

  In addition, zeolite has a strong adsorption performance for cations such as ammonia, moisture, and various gases due to its fine porous structure, and since it is negatively charged, various types such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are used. It has the function of adsorbing and holding cationic fertilizer components and supplying these fertilizer components as needed by the plant. In the present embodiment, for example, trade name “Tamalite” of Okutama Kogyo Co., Ltd. is used as the zeolite.

  Therefore, the soil 8 having the above composition can take in nutrients appropriate for the plants 9 and 10 from the air or acid rain, and supply them to the plants 9 and 10 as necessary. It is also suitable for preventing deterioration of the roof slab 1 due to rain or the like.

  A three-dimensional structure net 20 is embedded in the soil 8. The three-dimensional structure net 20 is a net made of synthetic resin having a stitch structure, and is known as a material for preventing soil erosion due to surface erosion due to rainwater, wind erosion due to a windbreak effect, etc. Prevents vegetation surface peeling due to such factors as Moreover, since the three-dimensional structure net 20 is embedded in the soil 8, the deterioration of the three-dimensional structure net 20 due to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight is prevented. In the present embodiment, for example, the trade name “3D-TECHNONET” of Asahi Technos Co., Ltd. is used as the three-dimensional structure net 20.

  When planting is selected from among plantings 9 and 10, the bulb system is narcissus, cluster amaryllis, crocus, and the perennial system is chrysanthemum plants such as dandelion and quince, or beans such as astragalus, cypress and yamahagi. Since these plants are desirable to grow with the use of their own bulbs or self-generated rhizobia as nutrients, they are suitable for poorly nutrient soils that are not fertilized. By introducing seeds instead of seedlings except for the bulb system, a rhizome is formed in which the roots spread laterally in conformity with the base conditions, and durability against drying is increased. In addition, the planting unit price is low.

  If turfgrass is selected, Bermudagrass is recommended as a warm region, and tall fescue and perennial ryegrass are recommended as growing plants in an oligotrophic environment. Similarly, the introduction of seeds increases the growing period, but increases the durability against drying, and the planting unit price is also low.

  In addition, when there is a possibility that a person enters the green space, it is possible to use a tense turf, and use a bark or a Korean barn.

  In addition, it is impossible to select a large tree with the soil thickness as described above, but it is desirable to introduce a tree having a shallow root such as a hagi and a chalcedony and a self-growing rhizobia as a small tree. Furthermore, plant seeds used for slope planting can be introduced.

  Moreover, in the rooftop greening system of this embodiment, the fixing metal fitting (not shown in FIG. 1) is provided as a means for restraining the three-dimensional structure net 20 to the rooftop slab 1.

  FIG. 2 is a view showing a modification of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and shows a state in which the three-dimensional structure net 20 is restrained by the roof slab 1 by the fixing bracket 30. The fixture 30 is a member that includes a base plate 30a and a protrusion 30b that protrudes upward from the base plate 30a, and is made of a corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel or a galvanized steel plate. 3A and 3B are perspective views showing examples of the fixing bracket 30. FIG. In FIG. 5A, one piece of a metal fitting having an L-shaped cross section is a base plate 30a and the other piece is a protrusion 30b. In FIG. 5B, a protrusion 30b is provided on a disk-shaped base plate 30a. It is configured.

  The fixing bracket 30 has a base plate 30 a attached to the waterproof layer 2 on the roof slab 1. Further, the protruding portion 30 b penetrates the waterproof sheet 5, the water retaining sheet 4, the drainage layer 6, and the water conducting sheet 7, and the tip portion thereof is connected to the three-dimensional structure net 20 by the wire 32. However, instead of connecting the protrusion 30b of the fixing metal 30 to the three-dimensional structure net 20 with the wire 32, the three-dimensional structure net 20 may be fixed to the fixing metal 30 by inserting the protrusion 30b into the three-dimensional structure net 20. Good.

  4A to 4C are enlarged views showing a configuration example of an attachment portion of the fixing bracket 30 to the waterproof layer 2. In the configuration shown in FIG. 6A, the base plate 30a of the fixing metal 30 is fixed to the waterproof layer 2 with an adhesive 34, and in the configuration shown in FIG. It is fixed. Further, in the configuration shown in FIG. 2C, the base plate 30a is fixed to the waterproof layer 2 with both the adhesive 34 and the bolts 36.

  5A and 5B are enlarged views showing an example of a seal structure in a portion where the protrusion 30b of the fixing bracket 30 penetrates the waterproof sheet 4 and the water retention sheet 5. FIG. In the configuration shown in FIG. 5A, a sealing member 38 such as a rubber ring is fitted into a portion where the protrusion 30b of the fixing bracket 30 penetrates the waterproof sheet 4 and the water retaining sheet 5 and fixed with an adhesive 40. ing. In the configuration shown in FIG. 2B, the bolt 36 is extended upward, and the sealing material 38 is fixed by both the bolt 36 and the adhesive 38. Thus, by attaching the sealing member 36 to the portion where the protrusion 30b of the fixing metal 30 penetrates the waterproof sheet 4 and the water retaining sheet 5, the waterproof performance by the waterproof sheet 4 and the root prevention by the water retaining sheet 5 are achieved. It is possible to ensure performance. For this reason, it is possible to prevent water from leaking from the greening base to the roof slab 1 and to prevent the roots of the greening plant from entering the roof slab 1 and damaging the roof slab 1.

  In addition, by using a self-repairing material (for example, trade name “Kuregaard Self R” manufactured by Kureha Elastomer Co., Ltd.) as the waterproof sheet 4 or the water retaining sheet 5, the sealing performance at the penetration portion of the fixing bracket 30 is improved. Further improvement can be achieved.

  As described above, according to the rooftop greening system of the present embodiment, water is supplied from the water-conducting sheet 7 laid under the soil 8 to the soil 8, thereby eliminating the need for sprinklers and the like and uniforming the soil. Hydration can be performed. Moreover, since the water-conducting sheet 7 is installed on the drainage member 6, excess water in the water-conducting sheet 7 is discharged through the drainage member 6, thereby maintaining the water-conducting performance of the water-conducting sheet 7. And water supply from the water-conducting sheet 7 to soil can always be performed appropriately. For this reason, in this embodiment, even if the thickness of the soil 8 is reduced to about 5 cm as described above, an appropriate moisture state of the soil can be maintained. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the rooftop greening system. For example, buildings with load restrictions (three-dimensional intersections on roads and rooftops of buildings), and rooftops of private houses Etc. can be greened.

  Moreover, according to the rooftop greening system of this embodiment, the whole three-dimensional structure net | network 20 is fixed to the waterproof layer 2, and the whole cultivation base 3 will be fixed on the rooftop slab 1. FIG. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the nurturing base 3 from being lifted by wind pressure during a strong wind, and thus it is possible to apply the rooftop greening system to a high-rise building of several tens to several hundreds of meters where the strong wind is likely to blow.

  In the above description, the fixing bracket 30 is fixed to the waterproof layer 2 with the adhesive 34 and the bolts 36. However, when a new building is built on the premise of greening the roof, the fixing bracket 30 is attached to the roof slab 1 in advance. It is good also as embedding.

  FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the rooftop greening system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the growth base 3 is disposed on the sloped roof slab 1. That is, as in the first embodiment, the entire growth base 3 is fixed by fixing the three-dimensional structure net 20 to the waterproof layer 2 on the roof slab 1 with the fixing bracket 30. Thereby, the growth base 3 does not slip off on the slope, and it becomes possible to perform rooftop greening on the slope.

  In addition, the growth base 3 can be fixed on the slope as described above, and the three-dimensional structure net 20 has flexibility, so that the roof slab 1 has a curved shape as shown in FIG. Even when it has, the growth base 3 can be installed along the shape. In this way, it is possible to green the roof with unevenness and curved surfaces.

  FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a rooftop greening system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the rooftop greening system of the first embodiment is provided with a function of purifying contaminated air and domestic wastewater.

  As shown in FIG. 8, in this embodiment, an air supply pipe 100 is introduced into the drainage layer 6 of the growth base 3. The air supply pipe 100 is provided with a blower 102. For example, contaminated air such as an intersection or a road tunnel with a large traffic volume is sucked into the air supply pipe 100 and supplied to the drainage layer 6.

  Further, in the present embodiment, domestic wastewater primarily treated by the sewage treatment apparatus 104 is supplied to the water supply pipe 11 via the valve 106. In the sewage treatment apparatus 104, solids contained in domestic wastewater are mainly removed, and phosphoric acid, nitrogen, etc. remain in the water (primary water) after the primary treatment in the sewage treatment apparatus 104.

  The contaminated air supplied to the drainage layer 6 is sent to the soil 8 through the water conveyance sheet 7. In the course of passing contaminated air through the soil 8, the contaminated components (NOx, SOx, etc.) and off-flavor components (methane, mercaptan, etc.) are removed by the soil 8 and are released from the surface of the soil 8 as clean air. . At that time, the contaminated air supplied to the drainage layer 6 is uniformly fed into the soil 8 by being diffused in the three-dimensional network fiber constituting the drainage layer 6. Moreover, since the soil 8 is maintained in a wet state, the air passage time is longer than when the soil is dry. That is, the contaminated air passes through the soil 8 uniformly and slowly. As a result, the filter effect by the soil 8 is enhanced, and a large deodorizing / purifying action is obtained. Moreover, since the charcoal and zeolite contained in the soil 8 are excellent in deodorizing property, the soil 8 itself has a large deodorizing action. Furthermore, the contaminated air is sent to the soil 8 through the wet water-permeable sheet 7, and this wet water-conductive sheet 7 also functions as a filter for deodorization and purification. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a high deodorizing / purifying effect on the contaminated air by the soil 8 can be obtained, whereby an excellent deodorizing / purifying effect can be obtained even if the thickness of the soil 8 is as thin as about 5 cm. .

  In addition, by using a sheet containing an antibacterial agent such as ceramic or silver as the water-conducting sheet 7, the deodorizing / purifying action by the water-conducting sheet 7 can be further enhanced. Moreover, according to the fineness of the water-conducting sheet 7, the linear velocity when contaminated air is sent into the soil 8 through the water-conducting sheet 7 can be adjusted. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a higher deodorizing / purifying action by appropriately setting the fineness of the water-conducting sheet 7.

  Further, the intermediate water supplied to the water supply pipe 11 is supplied from the water guide sheet 7 to the soil 8 and penetrates into the soil 8. The volcanic ash climate that is the main component of the soil 8 has the property of adsorbing phosphorus. Moreover, the charcoal contained in the soil 8 has a property of growing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the zeolite has a high adsorptivity to various cations. Therefore, the soil 8 has an excellent removal action against nitrogen and phosphorus, and in the process in which the intermediate water permeates the soil 8, the nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the intermediate water are removed and the intermediate water is purified. Further, since the intermediate water is uniformly supplied to the soil 8 by the water guide sheet 7, the water permeation rate in the soil 8 is also uniform. For this reason, the thickness of the soil 8 required to purify the middle water can be minimized. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain an excellent purification effect on the middle water by the thin soil 8 having a thickness of about 5 cm.

  Thus, in this embodiment, the soil 8 of the rooftop greening system can be used for both deodorizing / purifying contaminated air and purifying middle water. Therefore, the rooftop greening system can function as an air deodorization / purification system and a middle water purification system while keeping the thickness of the soil 8 thin. In addition, since middle water is used as water for greening, it is not necessary to use clean water, and it is possible to maintain green spaces even when water shortages, and to reduce the amount of water discharged from sewage facilities to rivers, etc. It can also contribute to the conservation of the water environment.

  In the present embodiment, for example, by intermittently supplying water to the water supply pipe 11 by periodically opening and closing the valve 106 with a timer or the like, powdery contaminants adhering to the water guide sheet 7 are removed. Can be washed away. That is, when water is supplied to the water-conducting sheet 7, the surface of the water-conducting sheet 7 is in a suspended state due to the surface tension of the water, and the contaminants together with the water are directed toward the sheet edge along the inclination of the water-conducting sheet 7. It flows.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, it was set as the structure which provides the water retention sheet | seat 5 under the drainage layer 6, However, Not only this but the water retention sheet | seat 5 may be provided between the water conveyance sheet | seat 7 and the soil 8. FIG. Good.

It is sectional drawing of the rooftop greening system which is 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the rooftop greening system which is 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structural example of a fixing metal fitting. It is an enlarged view which shows the structural example of the attaching part to the waterproof layer of a fixing metal fitting. It is an enlarged view which shows the example of the seal structure of the part which the protrusion part of a fixing metal fitting penetrates a waterproof sheet and a water retention sheet. It is sectional drawing which shows 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure which curved green rooftop. It is sectional drawing which shows 3rd embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rooftop slab 3 Raising base of planting 5 Water retention sheet 6 Drainage layer 7 Water transfer sheet 8 Lightweight soil 9,10 Planting 11 Water supply pipe 20 Three-dimensional structure net 30 Fixing metal fitting 100 Air supply pipe

Claims (1)

A rooftop greening system configured to lay a water-conducting sheet under the soil and supply water to the soil from the water-conducting sheet,
A rooftop greening characterized in that the water-conducting sheet is installed on a drainage layer made of a drainable member, a three-dimensional structure net is embedded in the soil, and a means for restraining the three-dimensional structure net on the roof surface is provided. system.

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