JPH078114A - Greening structure and greening method - Google Patents

Greening structure and greening method

Info

Publication number
JPH078114A
JPH078114A JP5150382A JP15038293A JPH078114A JP H078114 A JPH078114 A JP H078114A JP 5150382 A JP5150382 A JP 5150382A JP 15038293 A JP15038293 A JP 15038293A JP H078114 A JPH078114 A JP H078114A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
water
layer
soil layer
drainage
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP5150382A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shunichi Sakanishi
俊一 坂西
Katsushi Masuda
勝士 増田
Riyouji Morimoto
良自 森元
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SANKITSUTO KK
Toyobo Co Ltd
Toyo Tire Corp
Original Assignee
SANKITSUTO KK
Toyo Tire and Rubber Co Ltd
Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SANKITSUTO KK, Toyo Tire and Rubber Co Ltd, Toyobo Co Ltd filed Critical SANKITSUTO KK
Priority to JP5150382A priority Critical patent/JPH078114A/en
Publication of JPH078114A publication Critical patent/JPH078114A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the load on a building structure by decreasing the thickness of a soil layer placed on the roof ground of the building structure, to constantly keep water even in a thin soil layer in high stability and uniformity, to facilitate the control of water in the soil layer and keep the growth of a plant in desirable state. CONSTITUTION:A soil layer 10 to be planted with a plant P is placed on a roof ground 1 subjected to durable water-proofing treatment and formed on a building structure. A water-retaining and diffusing material 7 having water- retaining and diffusing functions is placed under the soil layer and a water- permeable root-barrier sheet 6 to allow the permeation of water and inhibit the penetration of the root of the plant P is placed under the water-retaining and diffusing material 7. Excess water is discharged through a draining material 5 placed under the water-permeable sheet 6.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、建築構造物において
防水処理が施された屋上路盤等の基盤部を緑化するため
の緑化構造物及び緑化方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a greening structure and a greening method for greening a base portion such as a roof roadbed which is waterproofed in a building structure.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来より、建築構造物の屋上に植物を植
えて自然緑化することはよく知られている。これは、近
くに自然状態の緑を得ようとする人間の本質的な要求か
ら行われるものであり、特に、自然の緑が不足気味であ
る大都市では以前から着目されて実施されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it is well known that plants are planted on the roof of a building structure for natural greening. This is done from the essential requirement of human beings to get green in the natural state nearby, and it has been carried out with particular attention from a long time ago, especially in a large city where natural green is in short supply.

【０００３】ところが、実際には、この種建築構造物で
の植物の生育維持は困難で、それを枯らしてしまうこと
が多々あり、その大きな理由としては水の管理が不十分
となることであった。However, in reality, it is difficult to maintain the growth of plants in this kind of building structure and they often die, and the main reason is that the water management is insufficient. It was

【０００４】すなわち、一般に、この水の管理は、植物
が生育している土壌層の厚さが厚いほど容易である。例
えば地上の立木についてみれば、その地上部の高さと略
同じ深さの地下部があると言われ、植物の根の発育を十
分に行わせるには、土壌の厚さが厚いほど好ましい。し
かも、このように土壌の厚さが厚いと植物の成長に支障
が少なくなり、換言すれば植物の生育に際しその自然現
象等の変化に対する緩衝の役目を土壌が担っていると言
える。That is, generally, the management of this water is easier as the thickness of the soil layer in which the plant grows is thicker. For example, regarding a standing tree on the ground, it is said that there is an underground portion having a depth substantially the same as the height of the above-ground portion, and the thicker the soil, the better in order to sufficiently develop the roots of the plant. Moreover, when the soil is thick as described above, the growth of the plant is less hindered. In other words, it can be said that the soil plays a role of buffering changes in natural phenomena when growing the plant.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、建築構造物
の屋上等に多量の土壌を運び込むことは、建築構造物に
多大の重量負担をかけることとなる。例えば立木の場合
に必要な土壌の厚さは１ｍにもなり、１ｍ2 当たり１．
５〜１．８ｔの荷重が建築構造物にかかる。従って、耐
圧構造に設計されていない屋上等では、土壌層の厚さを
厚くすると、屋上路盤の亀裂等を招き、漏水等のトラブ
ルが発生する虞れがあり、現実的な解決策とはなり得な
い。However, carrying a large amount of soil to the rooftop of a building structure imposes a great weight burden on the building structure. For example, in the case of standing trees, the thickness of soil required is 1 m, and 1 m 2 is 1.
A load of 5 to 1.8 t is applied to the building structure. Therefore, if the soil layer is thickened on a rooftop that is not designed to have a pressure-resistant structure, it may cause cracks in the rooftop roadbed, which may lead to problems such as water leakage, which is not a realistic solution. I don't get it.

【０００６】そこで、土壌層の厚さを薄くした場合、上
記のように自然現象等の変化に対する緩衝の役目の土壌
が少なくなった分だけ、高徒長の植物は勿論のこと低徒
長の植物でも外部環境の変化に影響され易くなる。その
とき、とりわけ、潅水の管理が大切となり、潅水のばら
つきによって生育の差が生じる。しかも、屋上等では風
の影響を強く受けて水分の時間当りの蒸散量が地上より
も多くなり、これらにより植物が育成不良となって枯れ
てしまうことがある。Therefore, when the thickness of the soil layer is made thin, not only the plants of high prominence but also the plants of low prominence are reduced by the amount of the soil which serves as a buffer against changes in natural phenomena as described above. It is easily affected by changes in the external environment. At that time, the management of irrigation is especially important, and variations in irrigation cause differences in growth. Moreover, on the rooftop or the like, the amount of water evaporated per hour is larger than that on the ground due to the strong influence of wind, which may cause the plants to grow poorly and die.

【０００７】この潅水不十分による生育不良を防ぐため
に、潅水ホースを増やしたり、或いは散水方式により潅
水したりする方法があるが、土壌層の厚さが薄いので、
その保水量に限度があり、潅水回数を増加せねばなら
ず、その管理が面倒であった。In order to prevent the poor growth due to insufficient irrigation, there is a method of increasing irrigation hoses or irrigation by a sprinkling method, but since the soil layer is thin,
There was a limit to the amount of water that could be retained, and the number of times of irrigation had to be increased, which was troublesome to manage.

【０００８】本発明は斯かる諸点に鑑みてなされたもの
で、その目的とするところは、土壌に対する保水構造を
改良することにより、建築構造物の屋上等の基盤部に配
置される土壌層の厚さを薄くして建築構造物への荷重負
担を軽減しながら、その厚さの薄い土壌層に対し常に安
定して均一に保水させることができるようにし、土壌の
水管理を容易化することにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to improve the water retention structure for soil so that the soil layer disposed on the base portion such as the roof of a building structure is improved. To reduce the load on the building structure by reducing the thickness and to enable stable and uniform water retention in the thin soil layer to facilitate water management of the soil. It is in.

【０００９】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めに、請求項１の発明では、土壌層の下側に保水及び水
の拡散の機能を持つ保水拡散層を形成し、かつその下側
に余剰水の排出対策として排水層を設けることとした。In order to achieve the above object, in the invention of claim 1, a water retention diffusion layer having a function of retaining water and diffusion of water is formed under the soil layer, and It was decided to provide a drainage layer on the side to discharge excess water.

【００１０】具体的には、この発明の緑化構造物は、建
築構造物において耐久性防水処理が施された屋上路盤や
室内床部等の基盤部上に配置され、水を基盤部表面に沿
って排出させる排水層と、この排水層上に配設され、水
を保持しかつ拡散する保水拡散層と、この保水拡散層上
に配設され、植生に適する土壌層とを備えてなるもので
ある。Specifically, the greening structure of the present invention is arranged on a base part such as a roof roadbed or an indoor floor part which has been subjected to a durable waterproof treatment in a building structure, and water is applied along the surface of the base part. And a drainage layer disposed on the drainage layer for retaining and diffusing water, and a soil layer disposed on the water retention diffusion layer and suitable for vegetation. is there.

【００１１】請求項２の発明では、上記排水層の下側及
び／又は排水層と保水拡散層との間に、水を透過させか
つ植物の根の通過を阻止する透水性遮根層を配置する。According to the second aspect of the present invention, a water-permeable root-blocking layer is provided below the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer to allow water to pass therethrough and prevent plant roots from passing therethrough. To do.

【００１２】請求項３の発明では、土壌層に対し水を供
給する潅水手段を設ける。この潅水手段は、水を供給す
る給水手段と、土壌層内に埋設され、給水手段から供給
された水を土壌層内に流す導水管とを有する構成とす
る。According to the third aspect of the invention, irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer is provided. This irrigation means is configured to have a water supply means for supplying water and a water conduit tube which is embedded in the soil layer and flows the water supplied from the water supply means into the soil layer.

【００１３】請求項４の発明では、潅水手段は、一定高
さの水面を有しかつ保水拡散層の端部が浸漬された貯水
槽を備えてなるものとする。According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the irrigation means is provided with a water tank having a water surface of a constant height and having the end of the water retaining diffusion layer immersed therein.

【００１４】請求項５の発明では、上記排水層、保水拡
散層、透水性遮根層の各々及び緑化構造物全体、潅水手
段に要求される望ましい特性を限定する。In the fifth aspect of the present invention, desirable characteristics required for each of the drainage layer, the water retaining diffusion layer, the water permeable root barrier layer, the entire greening structure and the watering means are limited.

【００１５】すなわち、この発明では、排水層は、３〜
５０ｍｍの厚さでかつ３０％圧縮時の耐圧性能が３ｋｇ
／ｃｍ2 以下のものとする。That is, in the present invention, the drainage layer is 3 to
With a thickness of 50 mm and a pressure resistance of 30% at 30% compression
/ Cm 2 or less.

【００１６】また、保水拡散層は、１０ｍｍ以下の厚さ
でかつ自重の２０倍以下の水を保持拡散するものとす
る。The water retaining diffusion layer has a thickness of 10 mm or less and retains and diffuses 20 times or less of its own weight of water.

【００１７】さらに、透水性遮根層は、２ｍｍ以下の厚
さでかつ１０-4ｃｍ／ｓ以上の透水係数を有するものと
する。そして、排水層、保水拡散層、透水性遮根層及び
土壌層の全体の厚さは１５ｃｍ以下で、かつ重量が１５
０ｋｇ／ｍ2 以下とする。Further, the water-permeable root barrier layer has a thickness of 2 mm or less and a water permeability coefficient of 10 -4 cm / s or more. And the total thickness of the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer, the water permeable barrier layer, and the soil layer is 15 cm or less, and the weight is 15 cm.
0 kg / m 2 or less.

【００１８】また、潅水手段の潅水量は１〜５０００ｃ
ｍ3 ／ｍ2 ／分とする。The irrigation amount of the irrigation means is 1 to 5000 c.
m 3 / m 2 / min.

【００１９】請求項６の発明では、上記少なくとも排水
層、保水拡散層及び土壌層を予め一体的に積層して所定
の形状及び大きさのユニットを設け、この複数のユニッ
トを建築構造物基盤部上に敷き詰めるようにする。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, at least the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer and the soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to provide a unit having a predetermined shape and size. Try to spread it over.

【００２０】請求項７の発明では、基盤部は建築構造物
の屋上路盤とする。In the invention of claim 7, the base portion is a roof roadbed of a building structure.

【００２１】請求項８の発明は緑化方法であり、建築構
造物において耐久性防水処理が施された基盤部上に、水
を基盤部表面に沿って排出させる排水層を配設するとと
もに、この排水層上に、水を保持して拡散する保水拡散
層を配設し、上記排水層の下側及び／又は排水層と保水
拡散層との間に、水を透過させかつ植物の根の通過を阻
止する透水性遮根層を配設し、この保水拡散層上に、植
生に適する土壌層を積層して、この土壌層に植物を植え
ることを特徴とするものである。The invention of claim 8 is a greening method, in which a drainage layer for discharging water along the surface of the base is disposed on the base that has been subjected to a durable waterproof treatment in a building structure. A water retention diffusion layer that retains and diffuses water is disposed on the drainage layer, and water is allowed to pass therethrough and plant roots pass under the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water retention diffusion layer. A water-permeable root-barrier layer for preventing the above is disposed, a soil layer suitable for vegetation is laminated on the water-retaining diffusion layer, and a plant is planted in this soil layer.

【００２２】[0022]

【作用】上記の構成により、請求項１又は８の発明で
は、土壌層の下側に保水拡散層が配置されているので、
潅水された水はこの保水拡散層により保持され、この水
が土壌層に徐々に供給される。このため、土壌層の厚さ
が薄い場合であっても、その土壌層に十分に安定して保
水させることができる。しかも、保水拡散層では水が拡
散するので、土壌層での保水むらをなくすことができ
る。一方、上記保水拡散層の下側に排水層が形成されて
いるので、天然雨水や過剰給水により余剰水が発生した
としても、それらを排水層により保水拡散層から外部に
スムーズに排出することができる。また、この排水層に
ある間隙により、土壌層に生育している植物の地下根系
への空気接触を促進させることができる。よって、これ
らの相乗効果により、土壌層の植物に安定して十分に水
を供給することができ、その生育を良好に維持すること
ができる。With the above structure, in the invention of claim 1 or 8, since the water retention diffusion layer is arranged below the soil layer,
The irrigated water is retained by the water retention diffusion layer, and this water is gradually supplied to the soil layer. For this reason, even if the soil layer is thin, the soil layer can be sufficiently stably kept water. Moreover, since water diffuses in the water retention diffusion layer, uneven water retention in the soil layer can be eliminated. On the other hand, since the drainage layer is formed below the water retention diffusion layer, even if excess water is generated due to natural rainwater or excess water supply, it is possible to smoothly discharge them from the water retention diffusion layer to the outside by the drainage layer. it can. In addition, the gaps in the drainage layer can promote air contact of the plants growing in the soil layer with the subterranean root system. Therefore, due to these synergistic effects, water can be stably and sufficiently supplied to the plants in the soil layer, and its growth can be favorably maintained.

【００２３】また、このように保水拡散層により土壌層
に安定して水が供給されるので、その分、潅水の頻度が
少なくて済み、潅水を容易化することができる。さら
に、こうして土壌層に対する水の管理が容易で、土壌層
の厚さを薄くできるので、その重量を軽くすることがで
き、建築構造物に対する荷重負担を低減することができ
る。Further, since the water is stably supplied to the soil layer by the water-retaining diffusion layer in this manner, the frequency of irrigation can be reduced accordingly, and irrigation can be facilitated. Further, in this way, water in the soil layer can be easily managed, and the thickness of the soil layer can be reduced, so that the weight can be lightened and the load burden on the building structure can be reduced.

【００２４】請求項２又は８の発明では、排水層の下側
及び／又は排水層と保水拡散層との間に、水を透過させ
かつ植物の根の通過を阻止する透水性遮根層が配置され
ているので、土壌層に生育している植物の根が下部に向
かって大きく広がるのを防いで、例えば根の閉塞による
基盤部での排水不良等を防止することができる。[0024] In the invention of claim 2 or 8, a water-permeable root-barrier layer that allows water to pass therethrough and prevents plant roots from passing is provided below the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer. Since they are arranged, it is possible to prevent the roots of the plants growing in the soil layer from spreading widely toward the lower part, and prevent defective drainage at the base part due to, for example, blockage of the roots.

【００２５】請求項３の発明では、土壌層に対し潅水手
段により水を供給するとき、給水手段により供給された
水は、土壌層内に埋設されている導水管を経由して土壌
層に供給される。また、請求項４の発明では、一定高さ
の水面を有する貯水槽の水は、該貯水槽に端部が浸漬さ
れた保水拡散層に毛細管現象で供給された後、この保水
拡散層から土壌層に供給される。従って、これら発明で
は、厚さの薄い土壌層に対し適切に潅水できる潅水手段
が容易に得られる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, when water is supplied to the soil layer by the irrigation means, the water supplied by the water supply means is supplied to the soil layer via the water conduit pipe embedded in the soil layer. To be done. Further, in the invention of claim 4, the water in the water storage tank having a water surface of a certain height is supplied by capillary action to the water retention diffusion layer whose end is immersed in the water storage tank, and then the soil is discharged from the water retention diffusion layer. Supplied in layers. Therefore, in these inventions, the irrigation means that can appropriately irrigate the thin soil layer can be easily obtained.

【００２６】請求項５の発明では、排水層の厚さが３〜
５０ｍｍであるので、排水層の間隙を利用した植物の地
下根系への空気接触を促進できるだけでなく、余剰水の
排水性を無駄なく確保することができる。In the invention of claim 5, the thickness of the drainage layer is 3 to.
Since it is 50 mm, it is possible not only to promote air contact to the underground root system of the plant using the gap of the drainage layer, but also to ensure drainage of excess water without waste.

【００２７】また、排水層の３０％圧縮時の耐圧性能が
３ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以下であるので、たとえ重い体重の人間
が土壌面に乗って排水層が３０％圧縮されても、排水層
本来の排水機能を良好に維持することができる。Further, since the pressure resistance performance of the drainage layer at 30% compression is 3 kg / cm 2 or less, even if a person with a heavy weight rides on the soil surface and the drainage layer is compressed by 30%, The drainage function can be maintained well.

【００２８】また、保水拡散層の厚さは１０ｍｍ以下で
あるので、緑化構造物全体の厚さを下げることができ
る。また、この保水拡散層は自重の２０倍以下の水を保
持拡散するものであるので、土壌層に対する水管理に重
要な保水性能及びその拡散性能を良好に確保できる。Further, since the thickness of the water retention diffusion layer is 10 mm or less, the thickness of the entire greening structure can be reduced. In addition, since this water retention diffusion layer retains and diffuses 20 times or less of its own weight of water, it is possible to favorably secure the water retention performance and its diffusion performance, which are important for water management in the soil layer.

【００２９】さらに、透水性遮根層の厚さは２ｍｍ以下
であるので、緑化構造物全体の厚さの減少に良好に寄与
することができる。また、この遮根層の透水係数は１０
-4ｃｍ／ｓ以上であるので、遮根層の遮根機能を確保し
つつ、その透水性を良好に得ることができる。Furthermore, since the thickness of the water-permeable root-blocking layer is 2 mm or less, it can contribute favorably to the reduction of the thickness of the entire greening structure. Also, the water permeability of this root barrier layer is 10
Since it is -4 cm / s or more, it is possible to obtain good water permeability while ensuring the root-blocking function of the root-blocking layer.

【００３０】そして、排水層、保水拡散層、透水性遮根
層及び土壌層の全体の厚さが１５ｃｍ以下でかつ重量が
１５０ｋｇ／ｍ2 以下であるので、緑化構造物の重量を
小さく保って、それを建築構造物の屋上等に配置するの
に好適な緑化構造物とすることができる。Since the total thickness of the drainage layer, the water-retaining diffusion layer, the water permeable barrier layer and the soil layer is 15 cm or less and the weight is 150 kg / m 2 or less, the weight of the greening structure should be kept small. , And can be a green structure suitable for being placed on the roof of a building structure or the like.

【００３１】また、潅水手段の潅水量は１〜５０００ｃ
ｍ3 ／ｍ2 ／分としたので、年間を通じて、植物の根腐
れや過剰給水の虞れのない潅水状態を維持することがで
きる。The irrigation amount of the irrigation means is 1 to 5000c.
Since it is m 3 / m 2 / min, it is possible to maintain the irrigation state without the risk of root rot of plants and excessive water supply throughout the year.

【００３２】請求項６の発明では、少なくとも排水層、
保水拡散層及び土壌層が予め一体的に積層されて所定の
形状及び大きさのユニットが設けられているので、その
ユニットの取扱いが容易となり、建築構造物基盤部が広
い面積であっても、この複数のユニットを１つずつ基盤
部上に敷き詰めればよく、その作業をスムーズにかつ容
易に行うことができる。In the invention of claim 6, at least the drainage layer,
Since the water retention diffusion layer and the soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to provide a unit having a predetermined shape and size, the unit is easy to handle, and even if the building structure base has a large area, The plurality of units may be spread one by one on the base portion, and the work can be smoothly and easily performed.

【００３３】請求項７の発明では、基盤部は建築構造物
の屋上路盤であるので、緑化構造物の適用に好ましい基
盤部となる。According to the invention of claim 7, the base portion is the roof roadbed of the building structure, and therefore it is a preferable base portion for application of the green structure.

【００３４】[0034]

【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明
する。図１は本発明の一実施例を示し、１は建築構造物
における基盤部としての屋上路盤１で、この屋上路盤１
には一側（図で右側）にある側壁２から他側に向かって
下がる所定角度θ（例えばθ＝２°）の勾配がつけら
れ、その上面ないし側壁２の内側面には耐久性を持った
防水層３が形成されている。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which reference numeral 1 denotes a rooftop roadbed 1 as a base portion in a building structure.
Has a slope of a predetermined angle θ (for example, θ = 2 °) that decreases from the side wall 2 on one side (right side in the figure) toward the other side, and the upper surface or the inner side surface of the side wall 2 has durability. The waterproof layer 3 is formed.

【００３５】上記屋上路盤１の上面には本発明に係る緑
化構造物Ａが設置されている。この緑化構造物Ａは、屋
上路盤１上に配置された排水層としての排水材５と、こ
の排水材５上に透水性遮根シート６（透水性遮根層）を
介して配設された保水拡散層としての保水拡散材７とを
一体的に積層した複合層状構造物９を有し、上記保水拡
散材７上には植生に適する土壌層１０が一体的に積層配
置され、この土壌層１０の表面に植物としての天然芝Ｐ
が張芝により植えられている。A greening structure A according to the present invention is installed on the upper surface of the rooftop roadbed 1. This greening structure A is disposed on the roof roadbed 1 as a drainage layer 5 as a drainage layer and a water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 (water-permeable root-blocking layer) on the drainage material 5. It has a composite layered structure 9 integrally laminated with a water retention diffusion material 7 as a water retention diffusion layer, and a soil layer 10 suitable for vegetation is integrally laminated and arranged on the water retention diffusion material 7, and this soil layer Natural grass P as a plant on the surface of 10
Are planted by Zhang Shiba.

【００３６】また、上記土壌層１０に対し水を供給する
ためにポンプ式及び底面式潅水装置１２，１７が設けら
れている。ポンプ式潅水装置１２は土壌層１０内の下部
に埋設された導水管１３を有する。この導水管１３は、
屋上路盤１の傾斜方向に沿って配置された少なくとも１
本の共通管部１３ａと、この共通管部１３ａから両側に
分岐接続されて屋上路盤１の傾斜方向と直交する方向
（図面の紙面と直交する方向）に延びる複数のフレキシ
ブル多孔質ゴムからなる分岐管部１３ｂ，１３ｂ，…と
からなり、各分岐管部１３ｂの途中部や先端部には多数
の通水孔（図示せず）が開口されている。また、共通管
部１３ａにおいて屋上路盤１の勾配の上側に相当する端
部（図で右端部）には土壌層１０を貫通して上方に延び
る給水管１４の下端が接続され、この給水管１４の上端
部は図外の水圧源に接続されている。また、給水管１４
の途中には所定時間毎に一定量の水を供給する給水手段
としてのタイマ付き定量給水ポンプ１５が配設されてお
り、このポンプ１５の作動により水圧源内の水を導水管
１３に供給してその通水孔から土壌層１０内に流すよう
になっている。Pump type and bottom type irrigation devices 12 and 17 are provided to supply water to the soil layer 10. The pump-type irrigation device 12 has a water conduit 13 buried in the lower part of the soil layer 10. This water pipe 13
At least 1 arranged along the inclination direction of the roof roadbed 1
A branch made of a book common pipe portion 13a and a plurality of flexible porous rubbers branched and connected to both sides from the common pipe portion 13a and extending in a direction orthogonal to the inclination direction of the rooftop roadbed 1 (direction orthogonal to the paper surface of the drawing). .., and a large number of water passage holes (not shown) are opened in the middle or the tip of each branch pipe portion 13b. In addition, a lower end of a water supply pipe 14 that extends upward through the soil layer 10 is connected to an end portion (right end portion in the drawing) corresponding to the upper side of the slope of the roof roadbed 1 in the common pipe portion 13a. The upper end of is connected to a water pressure source (not shown). In addition, the water supply pipe 14
A constant quantity water supply pump 15 with a timer as a water supply means for supplying a fixed amount of water every predetermined time is provided in the middle of the operation of the water supply system, and the water in the water pressure source is supplied to the water conduit 13 by the operation of the pump 15. The water is passed through the water holes into the soil layer 10.

【００３７】一方、底面式潅水装置１７は貯水槽１８を
備えてなる。すなわち、緑化構造物Ａにおいて上記屋上
路盤１の勾配の上側端に相当する端部の土壌層１０が取
り除かれて、保水拡散材７、透水性遮根シート６及び排
水材５が露出され、その透水性遮根シート６上に貯水槽
１８が側面を屋上路盤１の側壁２に付けた状態で設置さ
れている。この貯水槽１８の上方には上記ポンプ１５よ
りも水圧源側の給水管１４に分岐接続された分岐給水管
１９の下端が位置し、分岐給水管１９の途中には開閉弁
２０が配置され、この開閉弁２０は貯水槽１８内の水面
に応じて上下するフロート２１の動作に応じて開閉する
ようになっており、貯水槽１８内の水面が一定レベルよ
りも下がると、開閉弁２０が開いて分岐給水管１９から
貯水槽１８内に水を供給する一方、水面が上がると、開
閉弁２０が閉じて貯水槽１８への給水を停止することに
より、貯水槽１８内の水面レベルを一定高さに維持す
る。そして、この貯水槽１８内の水には上記露出した保
水拡散材７の端部が浸漬されており、貯水槽１８内の水
を保水拡散材７に毛細管現象で吸い上げ、その水を保水
拡散層で拡散させて屋上路盤１の勾配に沿って流下させ
ることにより、土壌層１０に水を供給するようにしてい
る。On the other hand, the bottom surface type irrigation device 17 comprises a water storage tank 18. That is, in the greening structure A, the soil layer 10 at the end portion corresponding to the upper end of the slope of the roof roadbed 1 is removed to expose the water retention diffusion material 7, the water permeable root shield sheet 6, and the drainage material 5, A water tank 18 is installed on the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 with its side surface attached to the side wall 2 of the rooftop roadbed 1. A lower end of a branch water supply pipe 19 which is branched and connected to the water supply pipe 14 on the water pressure source side of the pump 15 is located above the water storage tank 18, and an opening / closing valve 20 is arranged in the middle of the branch water supply pipe 19. The on-off valve 20 is designed to open and close according to the operation of the float 21 which moves up and down according to the water level in the water tank 18, and when the water level in the water tank 18 drops below a certain level, the on-off valve 20 opens. While supplying water from the branch water supply pipe 19 into the water storage tank 18, when the water level rises, the on-off valve 20 closes and the water supply to the water storage tank 18 is stopped, so that the water level in the water storage tank 18 rises to a certain level. Keep up. Then, the exposed end of the water retaining diffusion material 7 is immersed in the water in the water storage tank 18, and the water in the water storage tank 18 is sucked up by the water retention diffusion material 7 by a capillary phenomenon, and the water is retained in the water retention diffusion layer. The water is supplied to the soil layer 10 by diffusing it and flowing it down along the gradient of the rooftop roadbed 1.

【００３８】そして、これら両潅水装置１２，１７によ
る潅水量は１〜５０００ｃｍ3 ／ｍ2 ／分とされてい
る。すなわち、点滴式や噴霧式の潅水装置等により１ｃ
ｍ3 ／ｍ2 ／分未満の潅水ができるが、これらは特殊で
あり、１年を通じての潅水量を考慮すると１ｃｍ3 ／ｍ
2 ／分未満では不足である。一方、常に給水している状
態は植物によっては不適であり（例えば芝等は根腐れ等
になり易い）、ときには潅水を中止して土中水分を下げ
る必要もある。この場合、５０００ｃｍ3 ／ｍ2／分を
越える潅水は明らかに過剰給水である。これらにより、
潅水装置１２，１７による潅水量を１〜５０００ｃｍ3
／ｍ2 ／分とする。こうすることで、年間を通じて、植
物の根腐れや過剰給水の虞れのない潅水状態を維持する
ことができる。尚、この実施例では、余剰水を排水材５
により排出できるので、５０００ｃｍ3 ／ｍ2 ／分を越
える潅水を行っても実用上の問題はあまりない。The amount of irrigation by these irrigation devices 12 and 17 is set to 1 to 5000 cm 3 / m 2 / min. That is, 1c by drip or spray irrigation device
Irrigation of less than m 3 / m 2 / min is possible, but these are special and 1 cm 3 / m considering the amount of irrigation throughout the year.
Less than 2 / min is insufficient. On the other hand, the state of constant water supply is not suitable for some plants (for example, grass and the like are prone to root rot), and it is sometimes necessary to stop irrigation to lower the water content in the soil. In this case, irrigation over 5000 cm 3 / m 2 / min is clearly over-watering. With these,
The irrigation amount by the irrigation devices 12 and 17 is 1 to 5000 cm 3
/ M 2 / min. By doing this, it is possible to maintain the irrigation state without the risk of root rot of plants and excessive water supply throughout the year. In this embodiment, the surplus water is drained 5
Since it can be drained by irrigation, even if irrigation exceeding 5000 cm 3 / m 2 / min is performed, there are not many practical problems.

【００３９】上記緑化構造物Ａにおける排水材５は、天
然雨水や潅水時の過剰給水を屋上路盤１表面に沿って排
出させるためのもので、例えば合成繊維を間隙（排水用
空間）が形成されるように絡めてなり、その厚さは３〜
５０ｍｍであり、好ましくは５〜４０ｍｍとされる。す
なわち、この排水材５の厚さが３ｍｍ未満であると、排
水材５の間隙を利用した植物（芝Ｐ）の地下根系への空
気接触が不良になるだけでなく、余剰水が生じたときの
排水性が悪くなって植物（芝Ｐ）の根腐れが生じる。一
方、５０ｍｍを越える厚さの排水材５を必要とするほど
の過剰水の発生は殆ど有り得ず、よって排水材５の厚さ
は３〜５０ｍｍとされている。The drainage material 5 in the above-mentioned greening structure A is for discharging natural rainwater or excess water supply at the time of irrigation along the surface of the rooftop roadbed 1. For example, a gap (drainage space) is formed with synthetic fibers. It is entwined like, and its thickness is 3 ~
It is 50 mm, preferably 5 to 40 mm. That is, when the thickness of the drainage material 5 is less than 3 mm, not only the air contact to the underground root system of the plant (turf P) using the gap of the drainage material 5 becomes poor, but also when excess water is generated. Drainage of the plant deteriorates and root rot of the plant (turf P) occurs. On the other hand, it is almost impossible to generate excess water to the extent that the drainage material 5 having a thickness exceeding 50 mm is required, and therefore the thickness of the drainage material 5 is set to 3 to 50 mm.

【００４０】また、この排水材５の３０％圧縮時の耐圧
性能は３ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以下とされている。つまり、排水
材５の耐圧性能についてみると、かなり体重の重い人の
脚下の圧力であっても１ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以下であり、排水
性の確保を考慮したとしても３０％圧縮時で３ｋｇ／ｃ
ｍ2 を越える必要はないので、３０％圧縮時で３ｋｇ／
ｃｍ2 以下とされる。The pressure resistance of the drainage material 5 at 30% compression is 3 kg / cm 2 or less. In other words, regarding the pressure resistance performance of the drainage material 5, the pressure under the legs of a considerably heavy person is 1 kg / cm 2 or less, and 3 kg / c at 30% compression even when ensuring drainage performance.
Since it is not necessary to exceed m 2 , 3 kg / at 30% compression
It is cm 2 or less.

【００４１】透水性遮根シート６は、保水拡散材７から
の水を透過させるが植物の根の通過を阻止するもので、
合成繊維や織編物、不織布等からなる。この透水性遮根
シート６の厚さは２ｍｍ以下で、その透水係数は１０-4
ｃｍ／ｓ以上とされている。すなわち、透水性遮根シー
ト６の厚さが２ｍｍを越えてもさほど問題はないが、緑
化構造物Ａ全体の厚さを１５ｃｍ以下とするために２ｍ
ｍ以下としている。また、透水性遮根シート６の透水係
数は、１０-5ｃｍ／ｓ以下であると、遮根性は十分に得
られるものの、潅水の透過性が劣るので、１０-4ｃｍ／
ｓ以上とする。The water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 allows water from the water-retaining and diffusing material 7 to permeate but prevents passage of plant roots.
It is made of synthetic fibers, woven and knitted fabrics, and non-woven fabrics. The water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 has a thickness of 2 mm or less and a water permeability coefficient of 10 −4.
It is set to cm / s or more. That is, there is no problem even if the thickness of the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 exceeds 2 mm, but it is 2 m in order to set the thickness of the entire greening structure A to 15 cm or less.
m or less. Further, if the water permeability of the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 is 10 -5 cm / s or less, the root-blocking property is sufficiently obtained, but the permeability of irrigation water is poor, so that it is 10 -4 cm / s.
s or more.

【００４２】保水拡散材７は、供給された水を保持しか
つ拡散するものであり、シート状の繊維製不織布で構成
される。この保水拡散材７は自重の２０倍以下の水を保
持する保水性能を持っている。自重の２０倍以上の水を
保水するものとしては不織布以外に高分子吸収体がある
が、これは水の拡散性に劣り、水を吸収した部分の周辺
付近でのみしか保水せず、水の移動性に乏しいため、潅
水むらの原因となる。また、高分子吸収体を単独使用す
る場合、高価であり、また包込みや流出、さらには水の
過保持による根への悪影響が生じる虞れがある。但し、
この高分子吸収体を破砕した発泡樹脂や捩れ処理した繊
維等の他の素材と混合して保水量を全体として自重の２
０倍以下にすることは差し支えない。The water retaining / diffusing material 7 holds and diffuses the supplied water, and is made of a sheet-shaped non-woven fabric made of fiber. The water-retaining diffusion material 7 has a water-retaining performance of retaining 20 times or less of its own weight of water. There are polymer absorbents other than non-woven fabrics that retain 20 times more water than their own weight, but they have poor water diffusivity and retain water only near the area where they absorb water. Poor mobility causes uneven irrigation. In addition, when the polymer absorbent is used alone, it is expensive, and there is a risk that the roots may be adversely affected by encapsulation, outflow, and excessive retention of water. However,
By mixing this polymer absorber with other materials such as crushed foamed resin and twisted fibers, the total water retention capacity is 2
It can be set to 0 times or less.

【００４３】さらに、保水拡散材７に孔面積０．２〜
１．０ｃｍ2 の孔を１００ｃｍ2 当り１個以上あけても
よい。Further, the water retention diffusion material 7 has a pore area of 0.2 to
One or more 1.0 cm 2 holes may be formed per 100 cm 2 .

【００４４】また、保水拡散材７の厚さは１０ｍｍを越
えても問題はないが、緑化構造物Ａ全体の厚さを１５ｃ
ｍ以下とする目的から１０ｍｍ以下とされている。Although there is no problem even if the thickness of the water retaining diffusion material 7 exceeds 10 mm, the thickness of the entire greening structure A is 15c.
It is set to 10 mm or less for the purpose of setting m or less.

【００４５】そして、建築構造物の屋上路盤１にかかる
重量を無理なく軽減するために、上記緑化構造物Ａ全体
の厚さは１５ｃｍ以下であり、かつ重量は１５０ｋｇ／
ｍ2以下とされている。In order to comfortably reduce the weight of the rooftop roadbed 1 of the building structure, the thickness of the entire greening structure A is 15 cm or less, and the weight is 150 kg /
It is less than m 2 .

【００４６】次に、この緑化構造物Ａにより建築構造物
の屋上を緑化する方法について説明する。まず、建築構
造物の耐久性防水処理が施された屋上路盤１上に排水材
５を載せ、その上に透水性遮根シート６を載置し、さら
にその透水性遮根シート６の上に保水拡散材７を載せて
複合層状構造物９とする。Next, a method of greening the rooftop of a building structure by the greening structure A will be described. First, the drainage material 5 is placed on the rooftop roadbed 1 on which the durability and waterproofing of the building structure has been performed, the water-permeable root-shielding sheet 6 is placed thereon, and then the water-permeable root-shielding sheet 6 is further placed. A water retaining diffusion material 7 is placed on the composite layered structure 9.

【００４７】次いで、上記保水拡散材７上にポンプ式潅
水装置１２の導水管１３を配置した後、その上から植生
に適する土壌層１０を積層し、該土壌層１０表面に植物
としての天然芝Ｐを張芝により植える。そして、上記導
水管１３をポンプ１５に接続するとともに、底面式潅水
装置１７の一部をなしている保水拡散材７の端部を貯水
槽１８内に垂らし込めばよい。Next, after arranging the water conduit 13 of the pump type irrigation device 12 on the water retaining / diffusing material 7, a soil layer 10 suitable for vegetation is laminated on the water conduit 13, and natural grass as a plant is laid on the surface of the soil layer 10. Plant P with turf. Then, the water conduit 13 may be connected to the pump 15 and the end of the water-retaining diffusion material 7 forming a part of the bottom surface type watering device 17 may be dripped into the water tank 18.

【００４８】したがって、この実施例においては、土壌
層１０に植えられている天然芝Ｐに潅水する場合、ポン
プ式及び底面式潅水装置１２，１７の双方又は一方を作
動させる。ポンプ式潅水装置１２では、タイマ付き定量
給水ポンプ１５の作動により、一定時間毎に所定量の水
が水圧源から給水管１４を経由して土壌層１０内の導水
管１３に供給され、その通水孔から土壌層１０内に供給
される。一方、底面式潅水装置１７では、貯水槽１８内
の水が複合層状構造物９の保水拡散材７の端部に毛細管
現象で吸い上げられ、その水は保水拡散材７で拡散して
屋上路盤１の勾配に沿って流下しながら土壌層１０に供
給される。尚、上記保水拡散材７への吸込みに伴い貯水
槽１８の水面レベルが低くなると、フロート２１の位置
が下がって開閉弁２０が開き、水圧源からの水が分岐給
水管１９を経て貯水槽１８に補充され、その後、水面レ
ベルが元の高さになると、フロート２１の上昇より開閉
弁２０が閉じ、水の補充が停止される。このようにして
貯水槽１８内の水面レベルが一定に保たれる。Therefore, in this embodiment, when irrigating the natural grass P planted in the soil layer 10, either or both of the pump type and bottom type irrigation devices 12 and 17 are operated. In the pump-type irrigation system 12, a fixed amount of water supply pump 15 with a timer is operated to supply a predetermined amount of water from a water pressure source via a water supply pipe 14 to a water conduit 13 in the soil layer 10 at regular intervals. It is supplied from the water holes into the soil layer 10. On the other hand, in the bottom surface type irrigation device 17, the water in the water storage tank 18 is sucked up to the end of the water retention diffusion material 7 of the composite layered structure 9 by a capillary phenomenon, and the water is diffused by the water retention diffusion material 7 and the roof roadbed 1 It is supplied to the soil layer 10 while flowing down along the gradient. When the water surface level of the water storage tank 18 is lowered due to the suction into the water retention diffusion material 7, the position of the float 21 is lowered and the opening / closing valve 20 is opened, so that the water from the water pressure source passes through the branch water supply pipe 19 to the water storage tank 18 When the water surface level returns to the original height, the open / close valve 20 is closed due to the rise of the float 21, and the water replenishment is stopped. In this way, the water level in the water tank 18 is kept constant.

【００４９】このとき、上記天然芝Ｐが植えられている
土壌層１０の下側に、保水拡散材７を有する複合層状構
造物９が配置されているので、上記潅水装置１２，１７
により潅水された水は保水拡散材７により保持され、土
壌層１０が乾き気味になると、この保水拡散材７から水
が土壌層１０に徐々に供給される。それ故、土壌層１０
の厚さが薄い場合であっても、その土壌層１０に十分に
保水させることができる。しかも、保水拡散材７では水
が保持されるだけでなく横方向に拡散するので、土壌層
１０で水分の不足する部分がなくなり、その保水むらを
なくすことができる。一方、上記保水拡散材７の下側に
排水材５が配置されているので、天然雨水や潅水時の過
剰給水により保水拡散材７に保水されなくなった余剰水
が発生したとしても、その余剰水は保水拡散材７下側の
排水材５における間隙に流下し、その間隙を経てスムー
ズに外部に排出される。これらにより土壌層１０の天然
芝Ｐに安定して十分に適量の水を供給でき、その生育を
良好に維持することができる。At this time, since the composite layered structure 9 having the water retaining and diffusing material 7 is arranged below the soil layer 10 in which the natural grass P is planted, the watering devices 12 and 17 are provided.
The water irrigated by is retained by the water retention diffusion material 7, and when the soil layer 10 becomes dry, the water is gradually supplied from the water retention diffusion material 7 to the soil layer 10. Therefore, soil layer 10
Even if the thickness is thin, the soil layer 10 can be sufficiently kept water. Moreover, since the water-retaining diffusion material 7 not only retains water but also diffuses in the lateral direction, there is no portion of the soil layer 10 where water is insufficient, and the unevenness of water retention can be eliminated. On the other hand, since the drainage material 5 is arranged below the water retention diffusion material 7, even if surplus water that is not retained by the water retention diffusion material 7 occurs due to natural rainwater or excessive water supply during irrigation, the excess water Flows down into the gap in the drainage material 5 below the water retention diffusion material 7, and is smoothly discharged to the outside through the gap. As a result, it is possible to stably and adequately supply an appropriate amount of water to the natural grass P of the soil layer 10 and to maintain good growth thereof.

【００５０】しかも、このように保水拡散材７により土
壌層１０に安定して水が供給されるので、潅水の頻度が
少なくて済み、潅水を容易化できる。Moreover, since water is stably supplied to the soil layer 10 by the water retaining / diffusing material 7 in this manner, the frequency of irrigation is low and irrigation can be facilitated.

【００５１】さらに、土壌層１０に対する水の管理が容
易で、土壌層１０の厚さを薄くできるので、その重量を
軽くすることができ、建築構造物に対する荷重負担を低
減することができる。Furthermore, since the water in the soil layer 10 can be easily controlled and the thickness of the soil layer 10 can be reduced, the weight thereof can be reduced and the load on the building structure can be reduced.

【００５２】また、保水拡散材７の下側に水のみを透過
させ植物の根の通過を阻止する透水性遮根シート６が配
置されているので、芝Ｐの根が土壌層１０ないし保水拡
散材７から排水材５内に向かって大きく広がるのを防止
することができる。Further, since the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 that allows only water to pass through and blocks passage of plant roots is arranged below the water-holding diffusion material 7, the roots of the turf P are soil layers 10 or water-holding diffusion. It is possible to prevent the material 7 from widening into the drainage material 5.

【００５３】尚、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるもの
ではなく、種々の変形例を包含している。例えば、上記
排水材５、保水拡散材７及び透水性遮根シート６からな
る複合層状構造物９と、土壌層１０及びそれに植えられ
ている芝Ｐとを予め一体的に積層して所定の形状及び大
きさのユニットとしておき、これらのユニットを屋上路
盤１上にその形状や大きさに合わせて畳敷きの如く敷き
詰めるようにしてもよい。こうすることで、ユニットの
取扱いが容易となり、屋上路盤１が広い場合であって
も、この複数のユニットを１つずつ屋上路盤１上に敷き
詰めればよく、その作業をスムーズにかつ容易に行うこ
とができる。この場合、ポンプ式潅水装置１２の導水管
１３をユニット毎に接続したり、底面式潅水装置１７の
一部をなす保水拡散材７をユニット間で繋いだりする手
間が必要であるが、これらの潅水装置１２，１７は取り
外して、潅水は土壌層１０表面からの散水のみで行うよ
うにすれば、上記の如き手間は省くことができる。The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but includes various modifications. For example, the composite layered structure 9 composed of the drainage material 5, the water retention diffusion material 7 and the water permeable root shield sheet 6, the soil layer 10 and the grass P planted thereinto are integrally laminated in advance to have a predetermined shape. Alternatively, the units may be arranged in the same size as each other, and these units may be spread on the roof roadbed 1 in accordance with the shape and size of the unit such as a tatami mat. By doing so, the unit can be easily handled, and even when the rooftop roadbed 1 is large, it is sufficient to spread the plurality of units one by one on the rooftop roadbed 1, and the work can be performed smoothly and easily. be able to. In this case, it is necessary to connect the water conduit 13 of the pump type irrigation device 12 for each unit, and to connect the water retention diffusion material 7 forming a part of the bottom type irrigation device 17 between the units. If the irrigation devices 12 and 17 are removed and the irrigation is performed only by watering from the surface of the soil layer 10, the above-mentioned trouble can be omitted.

【００５４】また、上記実施例では、透水性遮根シート
６を保水拡散材７と排水材５との間に配置したが、排水
材５の下側に配置してもよく、さらにはそれら両方の位
置に２層に配置することもできる。特に、透水性遮根シ
ート６を排水材５の下側のみに配置した場合、芝Ｐの根
が排水材５の間隙まで延びるようになり、この排水材５
の間隙で芝Ｐの地下根系への空気接触がさらに促進さ
れ、芝Ｐの生育維持に有利である。Further, in the above embodiment, the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 is arranged between the water-retaining and diffusing material 7 and the drainage material 5, but it may be arranged below the drainage material 5, or both of them. It is also possible to arrange two layers at the position. In particular, when the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 is arranged only on the lower side of the drainage material 5, the roots of the grass P will extend to the gap of the drainage material 5.
The air contact of the turf P to the root system of the lawn is further promoted in the gap of, which is advantageous for maintaining the growth of the turf P.

【００５５】さらに、上記実施例では、ポンプ式及び底
面式の２種類の潅水装置１２，１７を設けたが、条件に
よっては何れか一方のみを単独に設けてもよい。Further, in the above embodiment, the two types of irrigation devices 12, 17 of the pump type and the bottom type are provided, but only one of them may be provided alone depending on the conditions.

【００５６】また、上記実施例では、土壌層１０に天然
芝Ｐを植えるようにしているが、土壌層１０に植える植
物は芝Ｐに限らず、他の植物（低徒長植物が好ましい）
であってもよい。Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the natural grass P is planted in the soil layer 10, but the plant to be planted in the soil layer 10 is not limited to the grass P, and other plants (preferably shorter plants) are used.
May be

【００５７】また、上記実施例は建築構造物の屋上を緑
化する場合であるが、この屋上路盤１以外の建築構造物
基盤部にも適用でき、例えば室内の床部や屋外のコンク
リート面、アスファルト面等を同様にして緑化すること
もできる。Further, although the above-mentioned embodiment is the case where the roof of the building structure is greened, it can be applied to the building structure base portion other than the rooftop roadbed 1, for example, indoor floors, outdoor concrete surfaces, asphalt. The surface and the like can be greened in the same manner.

【００５８】最後に、具体例について説明する。予め耐
久性のある防水処理が施されかつ３０ｍ2 の広さをもっ
た傾斜角度２°の１面勾配の屋上路盤上に、まず、３０
％圧縮時の耐圧性能が１．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 で厚さ７．５
ｍｍの合成繊維製排水材を展張した。Finally, a specific example will be described. First of all, on a rooftop roadbed with a one-sided slope that has a waterproof angle of 30m 2 and an inclination angle of 2 °,
Pressure resistance performance at% compression is 1.0 kg / cm 2 and thickness is 7.5.
mm synthetic drainage material was spread.

【００５９】次いで、この排水材上に、透水係数が４．
８０×１０-4ｃｍ／ｓ（ＪＩＳ−Ａ１２１８準用）で厚
さが０．１ｍｍの合成繊維製の透水遮根シートを展張し
た。Then, a water permeability coefficient of 4.
A water permeation barrier sheet made of synthetic fiber having a thickness of 0.1 mm was spread at 80 × 10 −4 cm / s (JIS-A1218 standard).

【００６０】さらに、この透水遮根シートの上に、厚さ
が４ｍｍでかつ自重の６倍の水を吸収可能な合成繊維製
の保水拡散シートを展張し、この保水拡散シートの端部
を、屋上路盤勾配の上側に設置した貯水槽内の水に浸漬
させた。貯水槽は幅が１５ｃｍ、深さが１０ｃｍの細長
い容器（詳しくは樋の両側を塞いだ形状のもの）であ
り、その中に水深が常に７ｃｍになるようにフロート付
き開閉弁により水を供給する。Further, a water retaining diffusion sheet made of synthetic fiber having a thickness of 4 mm and capable of absorbing 6 times its own weight of water is spread on the water permeable barrier sheet, and the end portion of the water retaining diffusion sheet is It was immersed in water in a water tank installed on the upper side of the roof roadbed slope. The water tank is a long and narrow container with a width of 15 cm and a depth of 10 cm (specifically, a shape in which both sides of the gutter are closed), and water is supplied by an on / off valve with a float so that the water depth is always 7 cm. .

【００６１】一方、上記保水拡散シート上に導水管の複
数の分岐管部を１ｍピッチ間隔で屋上路盤の勾配と直交
方向に互いに平行に配置し、これらを共通管部で繋ぎ、
この共通管部をタイマ付き定量給水ポンプを介して水圧
源に接続した。On the other hand, a plurality of branch pipe parts of the water guide pipe are arranged on the water retaining diffusion sheet at an interval of 1 m in parallel to each other in a direction orthogonal to the slope of the roof roadbed, and these are connected by a common pipe part.
This common pipe part was connected to a water pressure source via a metered water supply pump with a timer.

【００６２】さらに、保水拡散シート上に砂７０％、バ
ーミキュライト１０％、ピートモス１０％、ゼオライト
１０％を混合した土壌を導水管を埋めるように厚さ５ｃ
ｍだけ捲土し、その上に天然芝の張芝を行い、張芝の目
地には砂を充填した。Furthermore, a soil containing 70% of sand, 10% of vermiculite, 10% of peat moss and 10% of zeolite on a water-retaining diffusion sheet is used to fill the conduit with a thickness of 5c.
The soil was wound up by m and natural grass was stretched on it, and the joints of the stretched grass were filled with sand.

【００６３】張芝直後の１週間は、底面式潅水装置によ
り保水拡散シートからの底面潅水を日照時間内のみ続け
るとともに（この底面式潅水装置の送水量は土壌層のな
い場合に５００ｃｍ3 ／１ｍ幅／分であった）、ポンプ
式潅水装置のポンプにより１回当り２００ｃｍ3 ／ｍ2
・分の潅水を日照時間内のみ２時間毎に行い、さらに、
朝及び午後の一番に張芝上にホースによる散水を約１０
秒間／ｍ2 の目安で行った。[0063] 1 week after sodding is, 500 cm in the absence of with continued bottom irrigation from water retention diffusion sheet only in daylight hours by a bottom-type irrigation apparatus (water supply amount soil layer of this bottom-type irrigation apparatus 3/1 m Width / min), 200 cm 3 / m 2 per time by the pump of the pump type irrigation device
・ Sprinkle water for 2 minutes every 2 hours only during daylight hours.
About 10 times of watering with a hose on the turf at the beginning of the morning and afternoon.
The measurement was performed at a standard of 2 seconds / m 2 .

【００６４】次の１週間は、張芝上へのホースによる散
水を朝一番のみとし、ポンプ式及び底面式潅水装置によ
る潅水はそれぞれそのまま続行した。For the next one week, watering with a hose on the stretched grass was carried out only in the morning, and watering with the pump-type and bottom-type watering devices was continued.

【００６５】３週目以後は、張芝上へのホースによる潅
水を取り止め、ポンプ式及び底面式潅水装置による潅水
のみを行った。尚、気候やその他の状況により、底面式
潅水装置による潅水を中止することもあった。After the third week, the irrigation by the hose on the stretched grass was stopped and only the irrigation by the pump type and the bottom type irrigation device was performed. Depending on the climate and other circumstances, irrigation with the bottom irrigation device was sometimes stopped.

【００６６】このようにして潅水を続けたところ、土壌
層に植えられた芝は根腐れや水分不足等で枯れることな
く、しかも屋上路盤全体で生育むらなく良好に生育し
た。従って、この発明の緑化構造物及び緑化方法による
と、水の管理が容易で、植物を枯らすことなく良好に生
育でき、建築構造物の屋上や室内の緑化に有効であるこ
とが判明した。When irrigation was continued in this manner, the grass planted in the soil layer did not die due to root rot, lack of water, and the like, and also grew well on the entire rooftop roadbed. Therefore, according to the greening structure and the greening method of the present invention, it was proved that the water can be easily managed, the plant can be well grown without dying, and that it is effective for the greening of the roof or the interior of the building structure.

【００６７】[0067]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、請求項１又は８の
発明によると、建築構造物において耐久性防水処理が施
された屋上路盤や室内床部等の基盤部に、植生に適する
土壌層を配置して植物を育成する場合に、植物が植えら
れる土壌層の下側に保水及び水の拡散の機能を持つ保水
拡散層を配置し、その保水拡散層の下側で建築構造物の
基盤部と間に余剰水排出用の排水層を配設したことによ
り、土壌層の厚さを薄くして建築構造物の屋上等の基盤
部への荷重の軽減を図ることができるとともに、その厚
さの薄い土壌層であっても常に安定して均一に保水さ
せ、土壌の水管理を容易に行って、植物の良好な生育を
確保できるという実用上優れた効果を奏することができ
る。As described above, according to the invention of claim 1 or 8, a soil layer suitable for vegetation is formed on a base portion such as a rooftop roadbed or an indoor floor which is durable and waterproofed in a building structure. When arranging plants to grow plants, place a water retention diffusion layer with a water retention and water diffusion function under the soil layer where the plants are planted, and under the water retention diffusion layer, the base of the building structure. By arranging a drainage layer for discharging excess water between the building and the building, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the soil layer and reduce the load on the foundation such as the roof of the building structure. Even in the case of a thin soil layer, it is possible to obtain a practically excellent effect that water is always stably and uniformly retained, water in the soil is easily managed, and favorable growth of plants can be secured.

【００６８】請求項２又は８の発明によれば、排水層の
下側及び／又は排水層と保水拡散層との間に、水を透過
させかつ植物の根の通過を阻止する透水性遮根層を配置
したことにより、土壌層に生育している植物の根が下部
に向かって大きく広がるのを防いで、根の閉塞による基
盤部での排水不良等を防止できる。According to the second or eighth aspect of the present invention, a water-permeable root block for allowing water to pass therethrough and / or for preventing a root of a plant from passing under the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer. By arranging the layers, it is possible to prevent the roots of the plants growing in the soil layer from spreading widely toward the lower part, and to prevent the drainage failure at the base part due to the blockage of the roots.

【００６９】請求項３の発明では、土壌層に対し水を供
給する潅水手段として、水を供給する給水手段と、土壌
層内に埋設され、給水手段からの水を土壌層内に流す導
水管とを備えた構成とした。また、請求項４の発明で
は、一定高さの水面を有しかつ保水拡散層の端部が浸漬
された貯水槽を備えた構成とした。従って、これら発明
によると、厚さの薄い土壌層に対し適量に潅水できる潅
水手段が容易に得られる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, as the irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer, a water supply means for supplying water and a water conduit pipe embedded in the soil layer for flowing the water from the water supply means into the soil layer. And a configuration including. Further, according to the invention of claim 4, the water tank has a water surface of a certain height and is provided with a water storage tank in which an end portion of the water retention diffusion layer is immersed. Therefore, according to these inventions, the irrigation means capable of irrigating a thin soil layer with an appropriate amount can be easily obtained.

【００７０】請求項５の発明によると、排水層の厚さを
３〜５０ｍｍとし、その３０％圧縮時の耐圧性能を３ｋ
ｇ／ｃｍ2 以下としたことにより、排水層の間隙を利用
した植物の地下根系への空気接触を良好に行わせること
ができ、余剰水の排水性を無駄なく確保できるととも
に、重い体重の人間が土壌面に乗った場合でも、排水層
本来の排水機能を良好に維持することができる。また、
保水拡散層は厚さを１０ｍｍ以下とし、かつ自重の２０
倍以下の水を保持拡散するものとしたことにより、緑化
構造物全体の厚さを下げることができるとともに、土壌
層に対する水管理に重要な保水性能及びその拡散性能を
良好に確保できる。さらに、透水性遮根層の厚さを２ｍ
ｍ以下とし、かつその透水係数を１０-4ｃｍ／ｓ以上と
したことにより、緑化構造物全体の厚さを減少できると
ともに、遮根層の透水性を良好に得ることができる。そ
して、排水層、保水拡散層、透水性遮根層及び土壌層の
全体の厚さを１５ｃｍ以下でかつ重量が１５０ｋｇ／ｍ
2 以下としたことにより、緑化構造物の重量を小さく保
って、それを建築構造物の屋上等に配置するのに好適な
緑化構造物とすることができる。さらにまた、潅水手段
の潅水量を１〜５０００ｃｍ3 ／ｍ2 ／分としたので、
植物の根腐れや過剰給水の虞れのない潅水状態を年間を
通じて維持することができる。According to the invention of claim 5, the drainage layer has a thickness of 3 to 50 mm, and the pressure resistance performance at 30% compression is 3 k.
By setting it to be g / cm 2 or less, it is possible to make good air contact with the underground root system of the plant by utilizing the gap of the drainage layer, to ensure drainage of the excess water without waste, and for a person with a heavy weight. Even if the water gets on the soil surface, the original drainage function of the drainage layer can be favorably maintained. Also,
The water retention diffusion layer has a thickness of 10 mm or less, and its own weight is 20 mm.
By retaining and diffusing less than twice the amount of water, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the entire greening structure, and it is possible to ensure good water retention performance and its diffusion performance, which are important for water management in the soil layer. Furthermore, the thickness of the water permeable barrier layer is 2m.
By setting the water permeability to m or less and the water permeability coefficient to 10 −4 cm / s or more, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the entire greening structure and to obtain good water permeability of the root shield layer. The total thickness of the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer, the water permeable barrier layer and the soil layer is 15 cm or less and the weight is 150 kg / m.
By setting it to 2 or less, the weight of the greening structure can be kept small, and the greening structure suitable for arranging it on the rooftop of the building structure can be obtained. Furthermore, since the irrigation amount of the irrigation means is 1 to 5000 cm 3 / m 2 / min,
Irrigation can be maintained throughout the year without the risk of root rot of plants or excessive water supply.

【００７１】請求項６の発明によれば、少なくとも排水
層、保水拡散層及び土壌層を予め一体的に積層して所定
の形状及び大きさのユニットとしたことにより、そのユ
ニットの取扱いが容易となり、この複数のユニットを１
つずつ基盤部上に敷き詰めて緑化でき、その作業をスム
ーズにかつ容易に行うことができる。According to the invention of claim 6, at least the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer and the soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to form a unit having a predetermined shape and size, which facilitates the handling of the unit. , This multiple unit 1
You can spread the trees one by one on the base part and green them, and you can do the work smoothly and easily.

【００７２】請求項７の発明によれば、基盤部は建築構
造物の屋上路盤としたことにより、緑化構造物の適用に
好ましい基盤部が得られる。According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the base portion is the roof roadbed of the building structure, the base portion suitable for application of the greening structure can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明の一実施例を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 屋上路盤（基盤部） ３ 防水層 Ａ 緑化構造物 ５ 排水材（排水層） ６ 透水性遮根シート（透水性遮根層） ７ 保水拡散材（保水拡散層） ９ 複合層状構造物 １０ 土壌層 Ｐ 天然芝（植物） １２ ポンプ式潅水装置（潅水手段） １３ 導水管 １５ タイマ付き定量給水ポンプ（給水手段） １７ 底面式潅水装置（潅水手段） １８ 貯水槽 1 Rooftop roadbed (base part) 3 Waterproof layer A Greening structure 5 Drainage material (drainage layer) 6 Water-permeable root-blocking sheet (water-permeable root-blocking layer) 7 Water-retaining diffusion material (water-retaining diffusion layer) 9 Composite layered structure 10 Soil Layer P Natural turf (plant) 12 Pump type irrigation device (irrigation means) 13 Water conduit 15 Fixed-quantity water supply pump with timer (water supply means) 17 Bottom irrigation device (irrigation means) 18 Water tank

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 坂西 俊一 兵庫県神戸市東灘区御影塚町一丁目４番１ 号 株式会社サンキット内 (72)発明者 増田 勝士 兵庫県加古郡稲美町六分一字内ケ池1176番 地 東洋ゴム工業株式会社兵庫事業所兵庫 工場内 (72)発明者 森元 良自 大阪市北区堂島浜２丁目２番８号 東洋紡 績株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shunichi Sakanishi 1-4-1 Mikagetsuka-cho, Higashinada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Sunkit Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Katsushi Masuda, Inami-cho, Kako-gun, Hokugo Uchigaike 1176 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. Hyogo Plant Hyogo Factory (72) Inventor Ryoji Morimoto 2-2-8 Dojimahama, Kita-ku, Osaka City Toyobo Co., Ltd.

Claims (8)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 建築構造物において耐久性防水処理が施
された基盤部上に配置され、水を基盤部表面に沿って排
出させる排水層と、 上記排水層上に配設され、水を保持しかつ拡散する保水
拡散層と、 上記保水拡散層上に配設され、植生に適する土壌層とを
備えてなることを特徴とする緑化構造物。1. A drainage layer disposed on a base portion that has been subjected to a durable waterproof treatment in a building structure and configured to discharge water along the surface of the base portion; and a drainage layer disposed on the drainage layer to retain water. A greening structure comprising a water retaining diffusion layer that diffuses and diffuses, and a soil layer disposed on the water retaining diffusion layer and suitable for vegetation. 【請求項２】 請求項１記載の緑化構造物において、 排水層の下側及び／又は排水層と保水拡散層との間に
は、水を透過させかつ植物の根の通過を阻止する透水性
遮根層が配置されていることを特徴とする緑化構造物。2. The greening structure according to claim 1, wherein water is permeable to the lower side of the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer to prevent passage of plant roots. A greening structure characterized by having a root barrier layer. 【請求項３】 請求項１又は２記載の緑化構造物におい
て、 土壌層に対し水を供給する潅水手段が設けられ、 上記潅水手段は、水を供給する給水手段と、土壌層内に
埋設され、給水手段から供給された水を土壌層内に流す
導水管とを有することを特徴とする緑化構造物。3. The greening structure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer, wherein the irrigation means is embedded in the soil layer and the water supply means for supplying water. A greening structure having a water conduit for flowing the water supplied from the water supply means into the soil layer. 【請求項４】 請求項１、２又は３記載の緑化構造物に
おいて、 土壌層に対し水を供給する潅水手段が設けられ、 上記潅水手段は、一定高さの水面を有しかつ保水拡散層
の端部が浸漬された貯水槽を備えてなるものであること
を特徴とする緑化構造物。4. The greening structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer is provided, and the irrigation means has a water surface of a certain height and a water retention diffusion layer. A greening structure, characterized in that it comprises a water tank in which the end of is immersed. 【請求項５】 請求項３又は４記載の緑化構造物におい
て、 排水層は、３〜５０ｍｍの厚さでかつ３０％圧縮時の耐
圧性能が３ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以下であり、 保水拡散層は、１０ｍｍ以下の厚さでかつ自重の２０倍
以下の水を保持拡散するものであり、 透水性遮根層は、２ｍｍ以下の厚さでかつ１０-4ｃｍ／
ｓ以上の透水係数を有し、 排水層、保水拡散層、透水性遮根層及び土壌層の全体の
厚さが１５ｃｍ以下で、かつ重量が１５０ｋｇ／ｍ2 以
下であり、 潅水手段の潅水量が１〜５０００ｃｍ3 ／ｍ2 ／分であ
ることを特徴とする緑化構造物。5. The greening structure according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the drainage layer has a thickness of 3 to 50 mm and a pressure resistance at 30% compression of 3 kg / cm 2 or less, and the water retention diffusion layer is It has a thickness of 10 mm or less and retains and diffuses 20 times or less of its own weight of water, and the water-permeable root barrier layer has a thickness of 2 mm or less and 10 -4 cm /
It has a water permeability coefficient of s or more, the total thickness of the drainage layer, water retention diffusion layer, water permeable barrier layer and soil layer is 15 cm or less, and the weight is 150 kg / m 2 or less. Is 1 to 5000 cm 3 / m 2 / min. 【請求項６】 請求項１、２、３又は４記載の緑化構造
物において、 少なくとも排水層、保水拡散層及び土壌層が予め一体的
に積層されて所定の形状及び大きさのユニットが設けら
れており、 上記複数のユニットが建築構造物基盤部上に敷き詰めら
れていることを特徴とする緑化構造物。6. The greening structure according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein at least a drainage layer, a water retention diffusion layer and a soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to provide a unit having a predetermined shape and size. The above-mentioned plurality of units are spread over the base of the building structure, which is a green structure. 【請求項７】 請求項１、２、３、４、５又は６記載の
緑化構造物において、 基盤部は建築構造物の屋上路盤であることを特徴とする
緑化構造物。7. The greening structure according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the base portion is a roof roadbed of a building structure. 【請求項８】 建築構造物において耐久性防水処理が施
された基盤部上に、水を基盤部表面に沿って排出させる
排水層を配設するとともに、この排水層上に、水を保持
して拡散する保水拡散層を配設し、 上記排水層の下側及び／又は排水層と保水拡散層との間
に、水を透過させかつ植物の根の通過を阻止する透水性
遮根層を配設し、 上記保水拡散層上に植生に適する土壌層を積層して、こ
の土壌層に植物を植えることを特徴とする緑化方法。8. A drainage layer for discharging water along the surface of the base is disposed on a base waterproofed in a building structure, and water is retained on the drainage layer. A water retaining diffusion layer that disperses the water is provided, and a water-permeable root-impermeable layer that allows water to pass therethrough and prevents the passage of plant roots is provided between the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water retaining diffusion layer. A greening method comprising arranging, stacking a soil layer suitable for vegetation on the water retaining diffusion layer, and planting a plant in this soil layer.
JP5150382A 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Greening structure and greening method Pending JPH078114A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5150382A JPH078114A (en) 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Greening structure and greening method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5150382A JPH078114A (en) 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Greening structure and greening method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH078114A true JPH078114A (en) 1995-01-13

Family

ID=15495780

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP5150382A Pending JPH078114A (en) 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Greening structure and greening method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH078114A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003105932A (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-09 Ohbayashi Corp Water feeding system
KR100426321B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2004-04-13 주식회사 삼보조경건설 Putting Green on the Rooftop and Method Constructing the same
JP2007289207A (en) * 2001-05-14 2007-11-08 Ohbayashi Corp Rooftop greening system
DE102009053563A1 (en) 2008-11-28 2010-06-02 U-Shin Ltd. steering lock
JP2014079176A (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-05-08 Toyota Motor Corp Greening material, and greening structure
CN109386013A (en) * 2018-11-02 2019-02-26 南京林业大学 A kind of vegetal cover type aproll device applied to external wall

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100426321B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2004-04-13 주식회사 삼보조경건설 Putting Green on the Rooftop and Method Constructing the same
JP2007289207A (en) * 2001-05-14 2007-11-08 Ohbayashi Corp Rooftop greening system
JP4725558B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2011-07-13 株式会社大林組 Rooftop greening system
JP2003105932A (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-09 Ohbayashi Corp Water feeding system
DE102009053563A1 (en) 2008-11-28 2010-06-02 U-Shin Ltd. steering lock
JP2014079176A (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-05-08 Toyota Motor Corp Greening material, and greening structure
CN109386013A (en) * 2018-11-02 2019-02-26 南京林业大学 A kind of vegetal cover type aproll device applied to external wall

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