JPH078114A - Greening structure and greening method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the load on a building structure by decreasing the thickness of a soil layer placed on the roof ground of the building structure, to constantly keep water even in a thin soil layer in high stability and uniformity, to facilitate the control of water in the soil layer and keep the growth of a plant in desirable state. CONSTITUTION:A soil layer 10 to be planted with a plant P is placed on a roof ground 1 subjected to durable water-proofing treatment and formed on a building structure. A water-retaining and diffusing material 7 having water- retaining and diffusing functions is placed under the soil layer and a water- permeable root-barrier sheet 6 to allow the permeation of water and inhibit the penetration of the root of the plant P is placed under the water-retaining and diffusing material 7. Excess water is discharged through a draining material 5 placed under the water-permeable sheet 6.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a greening structure and a greening method for greening a base portion such as a roof roadbed which is waterproofed in a building structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it is well known that plants are planted on the roof of a building structure for natural greening. This is done from the essential requirement of human beings to get green in the natural state nearby, and it has been carried out with particular attention from a long time ago, especially in a large city where natural green is in short supply.

However, in reality, it is difficult to maintain the growth of plants in this kind of building structure and they often die, and the main reason is that the water management is insufficient. It was

That is, generally, the management of this water is easier as the thickness of the soil layer in which the plant grows is thicker. For example, regarding a standing tree on the ground, it is said that there is an underground portion having a depth substantially the same as the height of the above-ground portion, and the thicker the soil, the better in order to sufficiently develop the roots of the plant. Moreover, when the soil is thick as described above, the growth of the plant is less hindered. In other words, it can be said that the soil plays a role of buffering changes in natural phenomena when growing the plant.

[0005]

However, carrying a large amount of soil to the rooftop of a building structure imposes a great weight burden on the building structure. For example, in the case of standing trees, the thickness of soil required is 1 m, and 1 m ^{2 is} 1.
A load of 5 to 1.8 t is applied to the building structure. Therefore, if the soil layer is thickened on a rooftop that is not designed to have a pressure-resistant structure, it may cause cracks in the rooftop roadbed, which may lead to problems such as water leakage, which is not a realistic solution. I don't get it.

Therefore, when the thickness of the soil layer is made thin, not only the plants of high prominence but also the plants of low prominence are reduced by the amount of the soil which serves as a buffer against changes in natural phenomena as described above. It is easily affected by changes in the external environment. At that time, the management of irrigation is especially important, and variations in irrigation cause differences in growth. Moreover, on the rooftop or the like, the amount of water evaporated per hour is larger than that on the ground due to the strong influence of wind, which may cause the plants to grow poorly and die.

In order to prevent the poor growth due to insufficient irrigation, there is a method of increasing irrigation hoses or irrigation by a sprinkling method, but since the soil layer is thin,
There was a limit to the amount of water that could be retained, and the number of times of irrigation had to be increased, which was troublesome to manage.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to improve the water retention structure for soil so that the soil layer disposed on the base portion such as the roof of a building structure is improved. To reduce the load on the building structure by reducing the thickness and to enable stable and uniform water retention in the thin soil layer to facilitate water management of the soil. It is in.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, in the invention of claim 1, a water retention diffusion layer having a function of retaining water and diffusion of water is formed under the soil layer, and It was decided to provide a drainage layer on the side to discharge excess water.

Specifically, the greening structure of the present invention is arranged on a base part such as a roof roadbed or an indoor floor part which has been subjected to a durable waterproof treatment in a building structure, and water is applied along the surface of the base part. And a drainage layer disposed on the drainage layer for retaining and diffusing water, and a soil layer disposed on the water retention diffusion layer and suitable for vegetation. is there.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a water-permeable root-blocking layer is provided below the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer to allow water to pass therethrough and prevent plant roots from passing therethrough. To do.

According to the third aspect of the invention, irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer is provided. This irrigation means is configured to have a water supply means for supplying water and a water conduit tube which is embedded in the soil layer and flows the water supplied from the water supply means into the soil layer.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the irrigation means is provided with a water tank having a water surface of a constant height and having the end of the water retaining diffusion layer immersed therein.

In the fifth aspect of the present invention, desirable characteristics required for each of the drainage layer, the water retaining diffusion layer, the water permeable root barrier layer, the entire greening structure and the watering means are limited.

That is, in the present invention, the drainage layer is 3 to
With a thickness of 50 mm and a pressure resistance of 30% at 30% compression
/ Cm ² or less.

The water retaining diffusion layer has a thickness of 10 mm or less and retains and diffuses 20 times or less of its own weight of water.

Further, the water-permeable root barrier layer has a thickness of 2 mm or less and a water permeability coefficient of 10 ^-4 cm / s or more. And the total thickness of the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer, the water permeable barrier layer, and the soil layer is 15 cm or less, and the weight is 15 cm.
0 kg / m ² or less.

The irrigation amount of the irrigation means is 1 to 5000 c.
m ³ / m ² / min.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, at least the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer and the soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to provide a unit having a predetermined shape and size. Try to spread it over.

In the invention of claim 7, the base portion is a roof roadbed of a building structure.

The invention of claim 8 is a greening method, in which a drainage layer for discharging water along the surface of the base is disposed on the base that has been subjected to a durable waterproof treatment in a building structure. A water retention diffusion layer that retains and diffuses water is disposed on the drainage layer, and water is allowed to pass therethrough and plant roots pass under the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water retention diffusion layer. A water-permeable root-barrier layer for preventing the above is disposed, a soil layer suitable for vegetation is laminated on the water-retaining diffusion layer, and a plant is planted in this soil layer.

[0022]

With the above structure, in the invention of claim 1 or 8, since the water retention diffusion layer is arranged below the soil layer,
The irrigated water is retained by the water retention diffusion layer, and this water is gradually supplied to the soil layer. For this reason, even if the soil layer is thin, the soil layer can be sufficiently stably kept water. Moreover, since water diffuses in the water retention diffusion layer, uneven water retention in the soil layer can be eliminated. On the other hand, since the drainage layer is formed below the water retention diffusion layer, even if excess water is generated due to natural rainwater or excess water supply, it is possible to smoothly discharge them from the water retention diffusion layer to the outside by the drainage layer. it can. In addition, the gaps in the drainage layer can promote air contact of the plants growing in the soil layer with the subterranean root system. Therefore, due to these synergistic effects, water can be stably and sufficiently supplied to the plants in the soil layer, and its growth can be favorably maintained.

Further, since the water is stably supplied to the soil layer by the water-retaining diffusion layer in this manner, the frequency of irrigation can be reduced accordingly, and irrigation can be facilitated. Further, in this way, water in the soil layer can be easily managed, and the thickness of the soil layer can be reduced, so that the weight can be lightened and the load burden on the building structure can be reduced.

[0024] In the invention of claim 2 or 8, a water-permeable root-barrier layer that allows water to pass therethrough and prevents plant roots from passing is provided below the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer. Since they are arranged, it is possible to prevent the roots of the plants growing in the soil layer from spreading widely toward the lower part, and prevent defective drainage at the base part due to, for example, blockage of the roots.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, when water is supplied to the soil layer by the irrigation means, the water supplied by the water supply means is supplied to the soil layer via the water conduit pipe embedded in the soil layer. To be done. Further, in the invention of claim 4, the water in the water storage tank having a water surface of a certain height is supplied by capillary action to the water retention diffusion layer whose end is immersed in the water storage tank, and then the soil is discharged from the water retention diffusion layer. Supplied in layers. Therefore, in these inventions, the irrigation means that can appropriately irrigate the thin soil layer can be easily obtained.

In the invention of claim 5, the thickness of the drainage layer is 3 to.
Since it is 50 mm, it is possible not only to promote air contact to the underground root system of the plant using the gap of the drainage layer, but also to ensure drainage of excess water without waste.

Further, since the pressure resistance performance of the drainage layer at 30% compression is 3 kg / cm ² or less, even if a person with a heavy weight rides on the soil surface and the drainage layer is compressed by 30%, The drainage function can be maintained well.

Further, since the thickness of the water retention diffusion layer is 10 mm or less, the thickness of the entire greening structure can be reduced. In addition, since this water retention diffusion layer retains and diffuses 20 times or less of its own weight of water, it is possible to favorably secure the water retention performance and its diffusion performance, which are important for water management in the soil layer.

Furthermore, since the thickness of the water-permeable root-blocking layer is 2 mm or less, it can contribute favorably to the reduction of the thickness of the entire greening structure. Also, the water permeability of this root barrier layer is 10
^{Since it is -4} cm / s or more, it is possible to obtain good water permeability while ensuring the root-blocking function of the root-blocking layer.

Since the total thickness of the drainage layer, the water-retaining diffusion layer, the water permeable barrier layer and the soil layer is 15 cm or less and the weight is 150 kg / m ² or less, the weight of the greening structure should be kept small. , And can be a green structure suitable for being placed on the roof of a building structure or the like.

The irrigation amount of the irrigation means is 1 to 5000c.
Since it is m ³ / m ² / min, it is possible to maintain the irrigation state without the risk of root rot of plants and excessive water supply throughout the year.

In the invention of claim 6, at least the drainage layer,
Since the water retention diffusion layer and the soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to provide a unit having a predetermined shape and size, the unit is easy to handle, and even if the building structure base has a large area, The plurality of units may be spread one by one on the base portion, and the work can be smoothly and easily performed.

According to the invention of claim 7, the base portion is the roof roadbed of the building structure, and therefore it is a preferable base portion for application of the green structure.

[0034]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which reference numeral 1 denotes a rooftop roadbed 1 as a base portion in a building structure.
Has a slope of a predetermined angle θ (for example, θ = 2 °) that decreases from the side wall 2 on one side (right side in the figure) toward the other side, and the upper surface or the inner side surface of the side wall 2 has durability. The waterproof layer 3 is formed.

A greening structure A according to the present invention is installed on the upper surface of the rooftop roadbed 1. This greening structure A is disposed on the roof roadbed 1 as a drainage layer 5 as a drainage layer and a water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 (water-permeable root-blocking layer) on the drainage material 5. It has a composite layered structure 9 integrally laminated with a water retention diffusion material 7 as a water retention diffusion layer, and a soil layer 10 suitable for vegetation is integrally laminated and arranged on the water retention diffusion material 7, and this soil layer Natural grass P as a plant on the surface of 10
Are planted by Zhang Shiba.

Pump type and bottom type irrigation devices 12 and 17 are provided to supply water to the soil layer 10. The pump-type irrigation device 12 has a water conduit 13 buried in the lower part of the soil layer 10. This water pipe 13
At least 1 arranged along the inclination direction of the roof roadbed 1
A branch made of a book common pipe portion 13a and a plurality of flexible porous rubbers branched and connected to both sides from the common pipe portion 13a and extending in a direction orthogonal to the inclination direction of the rooftop roadbed 1 (direction orthogonal to the paper surface of the drawing). .., and a large number of water passage holes (not shown) are opened in the middle or the tip of each branch pipe portion 13b. In addition, a lower end of a water supply pipe 14 that extends upward through the soil layer 10 is connected to an end portion (right end portion in the drawing) corresponding to the upper side of the slope of the roof roadbed 1 in the common pipe portion 13a. The upper end of is connected to a water pressure source (not shown). In addition, the water supply pipe 14
A constant quantity water supply pump 15 with a timer as a water supply means for supplying a fixed amount of water every predetermined time is provided in the middle of the operation of the water supply system, and the water in the water pressure source is supplied to the water conduit 13 by the operation of the pump 15. The water is passed through the water holes into the soil layer 10.

On the other hand, the bottom surface type irrigation device 17 comprises a water storage tank 18. That is, in the greening structure A, the soil layer 10 at the end portion corresponding to the upper end of the slope of the roof roadbed 1 is removed to expose the water retention diffusion material 7, the water permeable root shield sheet 6, and the drainage material 5, A water tank 18 is installed on the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 with its side surface attached to the side wall 2 of the rooftop roadbed 1. A lower end of a branch water supply pipe 19 which is branched and connected to the water supply pipe 14 on the water pressure source side of the pump 15 is located above the water storage tank 18, and an opening / closing valve 20 is arranged in the middle of the branch water supply pipe 19. The on-off valve 20 is designed to open and close according to the operation of the float 21 which moves up and down according to the water level in the water tank 18, and when the water level in the water tank 18 drops below a certain level, the on-off valve 20 opens. While supplying water from the branch water supply pipe 19 into the water storage tank 18, when the water level rises, the on-off valve 20 closes and the water supply to the water storage tank 18 is stopped, so that the water level in the water storage tank 18 rises to a certain level. Keep up. Then, the exposed end of the water retaining diffusion material 7 is immersed in the water in the water storage tank 18, and the water in the water storage tank 18 is sucked up by the water retention diffusion material 7 by a capillary phenomenon, and the water is retained in the water retention diffusion layer. The water is supplied to the soil layer 10 by diffusing it and flowing it down along the gradient of the rooftop roadbed 1.

The amount of irrigation by these irrigation devices 12 and 17 is set to 1 to 5000 cm ³ / m ² / min. That is, 1c by drip or spray irrigation device
Irrigation of less than m ³ / m ² / min is possible, but these are special and 1 cm ³ / m considering the amount of irrigation throughout the year.
Less than ² / min is insufficient. On the other hand, the state of constant water supply is not suitable for some plants (for example, grass and the like are prone to root rot), and it is sometimes necessary to stop irrigation to lower the water content in the soil. In this case, irrigation over 5000 cm ³ / m ² / min is clearly over-watering. With these,
The irrigation amount by the irrigation devices 12 and 17 is 1 to 5000 cm ³
/ M ² / min. By doing this, it is possible to maintain the irrigation state without the risk of root rot of plants and excessive water supply throughout the year. In this embodiment, the surplus water is drained 5
Since it can be drained by irrigation, even if irrigation exceeding 5000 cm ³ / m ² / min is performed, there are not many practical problems.

The drainage material 5 in the above-mentioned greening structure A is for discharging natural rainwater or excess water supply at the time of irrigation along the surface of the rooftop roadbed 1. For example, a gap (drainage space) is formed with synthetic fibers. It is entwined like, and its thickness is 3 ~
It is 50 mm, preferably 5 to 40 mm. That is, when the thickness of the drainage material 5 is less than 3 mm, not only the air contact to the underground root system of the plant (turf P) using the gap of the drainage material 5 becomes poor, but also when excess water is generated. Drainage of the plant deteriorates and root rot of the plant (turf P) occurs. On the other hand, it is almost impossible to generate excess water to the extent that the drainage material 5 having a thickness exceeding 50 mm is required, and therefore the thickness of the drainage material 5 is set to 3 to 50 mm.

The pressure resistance of the drainage material 5 at 30% compression is 3 kg / cm ² or less. In other words, regarding the pressure resistance performance of the drainage material 5, the pressure under the legs of a considerably heavy person is 1 kg / cm ² or less, and 3 kg / c at 30% compression even when ensuring drainage performance.
Since it is not necessary to exceed m ² , 3 kg / at 30% compression
It is cm ² or less.

The water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 allows water from the water-retaining and diffusing material 7 to permeate but prevents passage of plant roots.
It is made of synthetic fibers, woven and knitted fabrics, and non-woven fabrics. The water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 has a thickness of 2 mm or less and a water permeability coefficient of 10 ^−4.
It is set to cm / s or more. That is, there is no problem even if the thickness of the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 exceeds 2 mm, but it is 2 m in order to set the thickness of the entire greening structure A to 15 cm or less.
m or less. Further, if the water permeability of the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 is 10 -5 cm / s or less, the root-blocking property is sufficiently obtained, but the permeability of irrigation water is poor, so that it is 10 ^-4 cm / s.
s or more.

The water retaining / diffusing material 7 holds and diffuses the supplied water, and is made of a sheet-shaped non-woven fabric made of fiber. The water-retaining diffusion material 7 has a water-retaining performance of retaining 20 times or less of its own weight of water. There are polymer absorbents other than non-woven fabrics that retain 20 times more water than their own weight, but they have poor water diffusivity and retain water only near the area where they absorb water. Poor mobility causes uneven irrigation. In addition, when the polymer absorbent is used alone, it is expensive, and there is a risk that the roots may be adversely affected by encapsulation, outflow, and excessive retention of water. However,
By mixing this polymer absorber with other materials such as crushed foamed resin and twisted fibers, the total water retention capacity is 2
It can be set to 0 times or less.

Further, the water retention diffusion material 7 has a pore area of 0.2 to
One or more 1.0 cm ² holes may be formed per 100 cm ² .

Although there is no problem even if the thickness of the water retaining diffusion material 7 exceeds 10 mm, the thickness of the entire greening structure A is 15c.
It is set to 10 mm or less for the purpose of setting m or less.

In order to comfortably reduce the weight of the rooftop roadbed 1 of the building structure, the thickness of the entire greening structure A is 15 cm or less, and the weight is 150 kg /
It is less than m ² .

Next, a method of greening the rooftop of a building structure by the greening structure A will be described. First, the drainage material 5 is placed on the rooftop roadbed 1 on which the durability and waterproofing of the building structure has been performed, the water-permeable root-shielding sheet 6 is placed thereon, and then the water-permeable root-shielding sheet 6 is further placed. A water retaining diffusion material 7 is placed on the composite layered structure 9.

Next, after arranging the water conduit 13 of the pump type irrigation device 12 on the water retaining / diffusing material 7, a soil layer 10 suitable for vegetation is laminated on the water conduit 13, and natural grass as a plant is laid on the surface of the soil layer 10. Plant P with turf. Then, the water conduit 13 may be connected to the pump 15 and the end of the water-retaining diffusion material 7 forming a part of the bottom surface type watering device 17 may be dripped into the water tank 18.

Therefore, in this embodiment, when irrigating the natural grass P planted in the soil layer 10, either or both of the pump type and bottom type irrigation devices 12 and 17 are operated. In the pump-type irrigation system 12, a fixed amount of water supply pump 15 with a timer is operated to supply a predetermined amount of water from a water pressure source via a water supply pipe 14 to a water conduit 13 in the soil layer 10 at regular intervals. It is supplied from the water holes into the soil layer 10. On the other hand, in the bottom surface type irrigation device 17, the water in the water storage tank 18 is sucked up to the end of the water retention diffusion material 7 of the composite layered structure 9 by a capillary phenomenon, and the water is diffused by the water retention diffusion material 7 and the roof roadbed 1 It is supplied to the soil layer 10 while flowing down along the gradient. When the water surface level of the water storage tank 18 is lowered due to the suction into the water retention diffusion material 7, the position of the float 21 is lowered and the opening / closing valve 20 is opened, so that the water from the water pressure source passes through the branch water supply pipe 19 to the water storage tank 18 When the water surface level returns to the original height, the open / close valve 20 is closed due to the rise of the float 21, and the water replenishment is stopped. In this way, the water level in the water tank 18 is kept constant.

At this time, since the composite layered structure 9 having the water retaining and diffusing material 7 is arranged below the soil layer 10 in which the natural grass P is planted, the watering devices 12 and 17 are provided.
The water irrigated by is retained by the water retention diffusion material 7, and when the soil layer 10 becomes dry, the water is gradually supplied from the water retention diffusion material 7 to the soil layer 10. Therefore, soil layer 10
Even if the thickness is thin, the soil layer 10 can be sufficiently kept water. Moreover, since the water-retaining diffusion material 7 not only retains water but also diffuses in the lateral direction, there is no portion of the soil layer 10 where water is insufficient, and the unevenness of water retention can be eliminated. On the other hand, since the drainage material 5 is arranged below the water retention diffusion material 7, even if surplus water that is not retained by the water retention diffusion material 7 occurs due to natural rainwater or excessive water supply during irrigation, the excess water Flows down into the gap in the drainage material 5 below the water retention diffusion material 7, and is smoothly discharged to the outside through the gap. As a result, it is possible to stably and adequately supply an appropriate amount of water to the natural grass P of the soil layer 10 and to maintain good growth thereof.

Moreover, since water is stably supplied to the soil layer 10 by the water retaining / diffusing material 7 in this manner, the frequency of irrigation is low and irrigation can be facilitated.

Furthermore, since the water in the soil layer 10 can be easily controlled and the thickness of the soil layer 10 can be reduced, the weight thereof can be reduced and the load on the building structure can be reduced.

Further, since the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 that allows only water to pass through and blocks passage of plant roots is arranged below the water-holding diffusion material 7, the roots of the turf P are soil layers 10 or water-holding diffusion. It is possible to prevent the material 7 from widening into the drainage material 5.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but includes various modifications. For example, the composite layered structure 9 composed of the drainage material 5, the water retention diffusion material 7 and the water permeable root shield sheet 6, the soil layer 10 and the grass P planted thereinto are integrally laminated in advance to have a predetermined shape. Alternatively, the units may be arranged in the same size as each other, and these units may be spread on the roof roadbed 1 in accordance with the shape and size of the unit such as a tatami mat. By doing so, the unit can be easily handled, and even when the rooftop roadbed 1 is large, it is sufficient to spread the plurality of units one by one on the rooftop roadbed 1, and the work can be performed smoothly and easily. be able to. In this case, it is necessary to connect the water conduit 13 of the pump type irrigation device 12 for each unit, and to connect the water retention diffusion material 7 forming a part of the bottom type irrigation device 17 between the units. If the irrigation devices 12 and 17 are removed and the irrigation is performed only by watering from the surface of the soil layer 10, the above-mentioned trouble can be omitted.

Further, in the above embodiment, the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 is arranged between the water-retaining and diffusing material 7 and the drainage material 5, but it may be arranged below the drainage material 5, or both of them. It is also possible to arrange two layers at the position. In particular, when the water-permeable root-blocking sheet 6 is arranged only on the lower side of the drainage material 5, the roots of the grass P will extend to the gap of the drainage material 5.
The air contact of the turf P to the root system of the lawn is further promoted in the gap of, which is advantageous for maintaining the growth of the turf P.

Further, in the above embodiment, the two types of irrigation devices 12, 17 of the pump type and the bottom type are provided, but only one of them may be provided alone depending on the conditions.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the natural grass P is planted in the soil layer 10, but the plant to be planted in the soil layer 10 is not limited to the grass P, and other plants (preferably shorter plants) are used.
May be

Further, although the above-mentioned embodiment is the case where the roof of the building structure is greened, it can be applied to the building structure base portion other than the rooftop roadbed 1, for example, indoor floors, outdoor concrete surfaces, asphalt. The surface and the like can be greened in the same manner.

Finally, a specific example will be described. First of all, on a rooftop roadbed with a one-sided slope that has a waterproof angle of 30m ² and an inclination angle of 2 °,
Pressure resistance performance at% compression is 1.0 kg / cm ² and thickness is 7.5.
mm synthetic drainage material was spread.

Then, a water permeability coefficient of 4.
A water permeation barrier sheet made of synthetic fiber having a thickness of 0.1 mm was spread at 80 × 10 ⁻⁴ cm / s (JIS-A1218 standard).

Further, a water retaining diffusion sheet made of synthetic fiber having a thickness of 4 mm and capable of absorbing 6 times its own weight of water is spread on the water permeable barrier sheet, and the end portion of the water retaining diffusion sheet is It was immersed in water in a water tank installed on the upper side of the roof roadbed slope. The water tank is a long and narrow container with a width of 15 cm and a depth of 10 cm (specifically, a shape in which both sides of the gutter are closed), and water is supplied by an on / off valve with a float so that the water depth is always 7 cm. .

On the other hand, a plurality of branch pipe parts of the water guide pipe are arranged on the water retaining diffusion sheet at an interval of 1 m in parallel to each other in a direction orthogonal to the slope of the roof roadbed, and these are connected by a common pipe part.
This common pipe part was connected to a water pressure source via a metered water supply pump with a timer.

Furthermore, a soil containing 70% of sand, 10% of vermiculite, 10% of peat moss and 10% of zeolite on a water-retaining diffusion sheet is used to fill the conduit with a thickness of 5c.
The soil was wound up by m and natural grass was stretched on it, and the joints of the stretched grass were filled with sand.

[0063] 1 week after sodding is, 500 cm in the absence of with continued bottom irrigation from water retention diffusion sheet only in daylight hours by a bottom-type irrigation apparatus (water supply amount soil layer of this bottom-type irrigation apparatus ^3/1 m Width / min), 200 cm ³ / m ² per time by the pump of the pump type irrigation device
・ Sprinkle water for 2 minutes every 2 hours only during daylight hours.
About 10 times of watering with a hose on the turf at the beginning of the morning and afternoon.
The measurement was performed at a standard of ² seconds / m ² .

For the next one week, watering with a hose on the stretched grass was carried out only in the morning, and watering with the pump-type and bottom-type watering devices was continued.

After the third week, the irrigation by the hose on the stretched grass was stopped and only the irrigation by the pump type and the bottom type irrigation device was performed. Depending on the climate and other circumstances, irrigation with the bottom irrigation device was sometimes stopped.

When irrigation was continued in this manner, the grass planted in the soil layer did not die due to root rot, lack of water, and the like, and also grew well on the entire rooftop roadbed. Therefore, according to the greening structure and the greening method of the present invention, it was proved that the water can be easily managed, the plant can be well grown without dying, and that it is effective for the greening of the roof or the interior of the building structure.

[0067]

As described above, according to the invention of claim 1 or 8, a soil layer suitable for vegetation is formed on a base portion such as a rooftop roadbed or an indoor floor which is durable and waterproofed in a building structure. When arranging plants to grow plants, place a water retention diffusion layer with a water retention and water diffusion function under the soil layer where the plants are planted, and under the water retention diffusion layer, the base of the building structure. By arranging a drainage layer for discharging excess water between the building and the building, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the soil layer and reduce the load on the foundation such as the roof of the building structure. Even in the case of a thin soil layer, it is possible to obtain a practically excellent effect that water is always stably and uniformly retained, water in the soil is easily managed, and favorable growth of plants can be secured.

According to the second or eighth aspect of the present invention, a water-permeable root block for allowing water to pass therethrough and / or for preventing a root of a plant from passing under the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer. By arranging the layers, it is possible to prevent the roots of the plants growing in the soil layer from spreading widely toward the lower part, and to prevent the drainage failure at the base part due to the blockage of the roots.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, as the irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer, a water supply means for supplying water and a water conduit pipe embedded in the soil layer for flowing the water from the water supply means into the soil layer. And a configuration including. Further, according to the invention of claim 4, the water tank has a water surface of a certain height and is provided with a water storage tank in which an end portion of the water retention diffusion layer is immersed. Therefore, according to these inventions, the irrigation means capable of irrigating a thin soil layer with an appropriate amount can be easily obtained.

According to the invention of claim 5, the drainage layer has a thickness of 3 to 50 mm, and the pressure resistance performance at 30% compression is 3 k.
By setting it to be g / cm ² or less, it is possible to make good air contact with the underground root system of the plant by utilizing the gap of the drainage layer, to ensure drainage of the excess water without waste, and for a person with a heavy weight. Even if the water gets on the soil surface, the original drainage function of the drainage layer can be favorably maintained. Also,
The water retention diffusion layer has a thickness of 10 mm or less, and its own weight is 20 mm.
By retaining and diffusing less than twice the amount of water, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the entire greening structure, and it is possible to ensure good water retention performance and its diffusion performance, which are important for water management in the soil layer. Furthermore, the thickness of the water permeable barrier layer is 2m.
By setting the water permeability to m or less and the water permeability coefficient to 10 ⁻⁴ cm / s or more, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the entire greening structure and to obtain good water permeability of the root shield layer. The total thickness of the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer, the water permeable barrier layer and the soil layer is 15 cm or less and the weight is 150 kg / m.
By setting it to ² or less, the weight of the greening structure can be kept small, and the greening structure suitable for arranging it on the rooftop of the building structure can be obtained. Furthermore, since the irrigation amount of the irrigation means is 1 to 5000 cm ³ / m ² / min,
Irrigation can be maintained throughout the year without the risk of root rot of plants or excessive water supply.

According to the invention of claim 6, at least the drainage layer, the water retention diffusion layer and the soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to form a unit having a predetermined shape and size, which facilitates the handling of the unit. , This multiple unit 1
You can spread the trees one by one on the base part and green them, and you can do the work smoothly and easily.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the base portion is the roof roadbed of the building structure, the base portion suitable for application of the greening structure can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Rooftop roadbed (base part) 3 Waterproof layer A Greening structure 5 Drainage material (drainage layer) 6 Water-permeable root-blocking sheet (water-permeable root-blocking layer) 7 Water-retaining diffusion material (water-retaining diffusion layer) 9 Composite layered structure 10 Soil Layer P Natural turf (plant) 12 Pump type irrigation device (irrigation means) 13 Water conduit 15 Fixed-quantity water supply pump with timer (water supply means) 17 Bottom irrigation device (irrigation means) 18 Water tank

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shunichi Sakanishi 1-4-1 Mikagetsuka-cho, Higashinada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Sunkit Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Katsushi Masuda, Inami-cho, Kako-gun, Hokugo Uchigaike 1176 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. Hyogo Plant Hyogo Factory (72) Inventor Ryoji Morimoto 2-2-8 Dojimahama, Kita-ku, Osaka City Toyobo Co., Ltd.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A drainage layer disposed on a base portion that has been subjected to a durable waterproof treatment in a building structure and configured to discharge water along the surface of the base portion; and a drainage layer disposed on the drainage layer to retain water. A greening structure comprising a water retaining diffusion layer that diffuses and diffuses, and a soil layer disposed on the water retaining diffusion layer and suitable for vegetation. 2. The greening structure according to claim 1, wherein water is permeable to the lower side of the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water-retaining diffusion layer to prevent passage of plant roots. A greening structure characterized by having a root barrier layer. 3. The greening structure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer, wherein the irrigation means is embedded in the soil layer and the water supply means for supplying water. A greening structure having a water conduit for flowing the water supplied from the water supply means into the soil layer. 4. The greening structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein irrigation means for supplying water to the soil layer is provided, and the irrigation means has a water surface of a certain height and a water retention diffusion layer. A greening structure, characterized in that it comprises a water tank in which the end of is immersed. 5. The greening structure according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the drainage layer has a thickness of 3 to 50 mm and a pressure resistance at 30% compression of 3 kg / cm ² or less, and the water retention diffusion layer is It has a thickness of 10 mm or less and retains and diffuses 20 times or less of its own weight of water, and the water-permeable root barrier layer has a thickness of 2 mm or less and 10 ^-4 cm /
It has a water permeability coefficient of s or more, the total thickness of the drainage layer, water retention diffusion layer, water permeable barrier layer and soil layer is 15 cm or less, and the weight is 150 kg / m ² or less. Is 1 to 5000 cm ³ / m ² / min. 6. The greening structure according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein at least a drainage layer, a water retention diffusion layer and a soil layer are integrally laminated in advance to provide a unit having a predetermined shape and size. The above-mentioned plurality of units are spread over the base of the building structure, which is a green structure. 7. The greening structure according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the base portion is a roof roadbed of a building structure. 8. A drainage layer for discharging water along the surface of the base is disposed on a base waterproofed in a building structure, and water is retained on the drainage layer. A water retaining diffusion layer that disperses the water is provided, and a water-permeable root-impermeable layer that allows water to pass therethrough and prevents the passage of plant roots is provided between the drainage layer and / or between the drainage layer and the water retaining diffusion layer. A greening method comprising arranging, stacking a soil layer suitable for vegetation on the water retaining diffusion layer, and planting a plant in this soil layer.