JP2007246177A - Container crane - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a container crane, preventing a spreader and a head block from being damaged by absorbing a large impact load called snug load by an impact load absorbing mechanism provided on the spreader side. <P>SOLUTION: In this container crane, two spreaders 10a, 10b of the container crane are disposed in the traverse direction, and a plurality of containers 50a, 50b are handled at the same time. In the container crane, the impact load absorbing mechanisms 20a, 20b for relaxing the vertical impact load are provided between the head blocks 12a, 12b to which a sheave 14 around which a wire rope 5 is wrapped from the trolley side is fixed and the spreaders 11a, 11b joined to the containers 50a, 50b. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a container crane that is installed on a quay where a container ship berths in container transportation, and handles a container. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plurality of spreaders arranged in parallel in a transverse direction. The present invention relates to an impact load buffering mechanism against an impact load in a vertical direction of a container crane that simultaneously handles containers.

  In order to speed up and save labor in container handling, the development of a method and equipment for handling multiple containers at the same time by arranging multiple spreaders (hanging tools) with one container crane is underway. It is coming.

  In relation to the simultaneous cargo handling of a plurality of containers, as a container suspension for suspending two 20-foot containers in the vertical direction, a plurality of inner twist lock devices facing each twist lock device are provided between the twist lock devices. A container hanger has been proposed that allows adjustment of the amount of movement of the twist lock device from the center of the hanger and the relative position of the inner and outer twist lock devices, and avoids the inner twist lock device to a position that does not interfere with the container when it is not needed ( For example, see Patent Document 1.)

  In addition, as a container crane that enables simultaneous handling of two containers in the horizontal direction, the trolley that runs on the boom of the crane is divided into a plurality of sections so that each trolley can be freely adjusted, and a container ship A quayside cargo handling crane having a structure in which a plurality of containers adjacent in the horizontal direction are suspended at the same time has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  In this wharf crane, one end of two screw shafts is rotatably supported by a second trolley, and the other end of these screw shafts extends to the first trolley side and is decelerated by a motor. The first trolley and the second trolley can be moved toward and away from each other.

  However, in this quay handling crane, the container is fixed to a spreader (hanging tool) suspended by wires stretched from these trolleys by a sheave group. Therefore, when the container is close to the ground, the distance between the trolley and the spreader becomes large, and there is a problem that it is difficult to adjust the distance between the spreaders and the inclination angle in the turning direction to a predetermined value.

  As one of the measures, as a container crane that enables simultaneous handling of two containers in the lateral direction, a crane having a trolley equipped with a garter of a quay crane and a container hanging tool that traverses on a boom, the container from the trolley To suspend a plurality of hangers that suspend a plurality of containers that are aligned in the width direction, and to provide a hanger coupling mechanism that adjusts the distance between these hangers, so that the distance of the hangers can be adjusted. A constructed wharf crane has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  However, when handling multiple containers at the same time, depending on the type of container, the container height may be different, for example, 9'6 feet, 8'6 feet, etc., and these containers are fixed to the spreader at the same time. Needs to change the height position of each spreader.

  Further, when handling containers, there is a problem that a very large impact load called a snag load is generated. This snag load is used when unloading containers in the hold, when a suspended container or spreader is caught by a structure in the hold, or forgetting to remove the container lashing. Is a very large load generated when the wire rope is wound up.

  This snag load is suddenly generated at an unspecified location while winding the wire rope at high speed, so it is unpredictable and is very large, several times to ten times that of normal cargo handling. Due to the load, the spreader is broken, the wire rope is cut, the crane structure is broken, and in the worst case, it leads to the loss of human life.

  Therefore, in the conventional container crane with single container handling, as a countermeasure against this snag load, it is cut and impacted when a large impact load is applied to the trolley side part that fixes the sheave that supports the hoisting rope attached on the crane. A method of absorbing the impact load by providing a shear pin that prevents the propagation of energy and a hydraulic cylinder equipped with a hydraulic buffer mechanism with a relief valve at the part where this sheave is fixed are installed to absorb the impact load. The method to do is adopted.

  However, when handling multiple containers at the same time, the probability of the occurrence of a snag load will be multiple times that of a single container handling, and the spreader and the head block on which the spreader is suspended will become larger and inertial. Becomes larger. Therefore, when a snag load is applied to the container, before the impact load is transmitted to the hoisting rope and the sheave on the trolley side and absorbed, the impact load is absorbed by the spreader and the head block. As a result, the spreader and the like are likely to be damaged.

In other words, even if there is a protective device on the shelves on the trolley side, the spreader, head block, etc. will be damaged greatly by conventional countermeasures such that these protective devices absorb the impact energy after detecting the impact load. There is a high possibility of receiving. On the other hand, if the impact load can be alleviated only for a moment, a protection device is provided on the trolley side or the like, so that the crane can be protected by detecting the impact load and operating this protection device.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-221181 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-6267 JP 54-47264 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to absorb a large impact load called a snag load by an impact load buffering mechanism provided on the spreader side, thereby spreading a spreader, a head block, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a container crane that can prevent damage to the container.

  A second object of the present invention is to provide a container crane that can easily change the height position of each spreader corresponding to a different container height depending on the type of container when simultaneously handling a plurality of containers.

  In order to achieve the above object, a container crane according to the present invention is a container crane in which two spreaders joined to a container are arranged in the transverse direction so that a plurality of containers can be handled at the same time. Between the head block for fixing the sheave around which the coil is wound and the spreader, an impact load buffering mechanism for reducing the impact load in the vertical direction is provided.

  According to this configuration, since the shock load buffering mechanism is disposed between the head block and the spreader, the shock load buffering mechanism is provided below the shock load buffering mechanism compared to the case where the shock load buffering mechanism is provided on the trolley side of the prior art. The inertia of becomes smaller. Therefore, in the member below the impact load buffer mechanism, the generated impact load is reduced, and large damage can be prevented. Further, in the member above the shock load buffering mechanism, a large shock load can be relieved by this shock load buffering mechanism, so that a large damage can be prevented.

  In particular, since a protection device against impact load is usually provided on the trolley side or the like, if the impact load can be mitigated for a moment, the trolley side detects this impact load and operates the protection device to protect the crane. .

  Therefore, this shock load buffering mechanism can absorb the shock load and protect the spreader and the like even if a snag load occurs during cargo handling, thereby reducing damage.

  Further, in the container crane, the impact load buffering mechanism is constituted by a cylinder device provided with a buffering mechanism, and the spreader and the head block are respectively connected by the cylinder device. According to this configuration, with respect to each spreader, for example, the impact load can be reduced with a relatively simple configuration in which the spreader and the head block are connected by, for example, four hydraulic cylinder devices or pneumatic cylinder devices each provided with a relief mechanism by a relief valve. A buffer mechanism can be configured. Although the direction of the impact load is not necessarily the direction of expansion and contraction of the rod (piston), a substantial portion of the impact load can be relaxed by absorbing the impact load in this direction.

  In addition, when connected with the cylinder device, the height position of the spreader connected to the head block can be adjusted by extending and contracting the rod, so even if the container height is different, each spreader can be easily adjusted. The height position can be changed and these containers can be secured to the spreader at the same time.

  Alternatively, in the container crane described above, with respect to one of the spreaders, the impact load buffering mechanism is configured by a cylinder device having a buffering mechanism, and the spreader and the head block are connected by the cylinder device, and the other With respect to the spreader, the impact load buffering mechanism is configured by a coupling portion by a shear pin that is damaged when a large impact load is applied, and the spreader and the head block are connected by a column having the coupling portion. .

  As a result, the impact load can be reduced with one cylinder device and the other with a shear pin, and the height position of the spreader connected to the head block can be adjusted by expansion and contraction of the rod of one cylinder device. Even when the container heights are different, the height position of each spreader can be easily changed, and these containers can be fixed to the spreader at the same time.

  Further, in the container crane described above, a connecting portion by a shear pin that is broken when a large impact load is applied to a part of the cylinder device or a portion that fixes the cylinder device is provided. According to this configuration, even when an impact load that cannot be absorbed by the buffer mechanism of the cylinder device is applied, the spreader and the like can be protected due to breakage of the shear pin.

  According to the container crane of the present invention, in the container crane in which two spreaders joined to the container are arranged in the transverse direction so that a plurality of containers can be handled at the same time, the sheave around which the wire rope from the trolley side is wound. Since an impact load buffering mechanism for reducing the impact load in the vertical direction is provided between the head block to be fixed and the spreader, inertia below the impact load buffering mechanism is reduced. For this reason, the impact load generated by the member below the shock load buffering mechanism is small, and the shock load buffering mechanism reduces the large impact load by the member above the shock load buffering mechanism. Therefore, when a snag load occurs, it is possible to prevent a large damage to the spreader, the head block, and the like.

  Furthermore, when the shock load buffering mechanism is constituted by a cylinder device provided with a buffering mechanism, and the spreader and the head block are connected by this cylinder device, in addition to reducing the impact load, the head of the cylinder device is expanded and contracted. Since the height position of the spreader connected to the block can be easily adjusted, even if the container height is different, the height position of each spreader can be easily changed. Different containers can be secured to the spreader at the same time.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a container crane according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, a container crane 1 is a trolley that traverses a cantilever 2 and a rail (not shown) provided on the cantilever 2. 3. Hanging parts 10a and 10b hung on the trolley 3 with a wire rope 5, a machine room 6 storing various winches, a driver's cab 7 traversing with the trolley 3, and legs running on a quay rail 71 8 and so on.

  The container crane 1 has various functions such as traveling on the rail of the crane 1, raising and lowering the cantilever 2, traversing the trolley 3, operating the hanging tools 10 a and 10 b, and winding and lowering the containers 50 a and 50 b.

  The cantilever 2 can be hung with a wire rope 4 from the top of the crane so that it does not get in the way when the container ship 70 takes off and docks, and can be lifted about 85 degrees from the horizontal, and can be returned to the horizontal level when handling cargo. Configured as follows. The winding winch of the wire rope 4 is disposed in the machine room 6 behind the crane.

  The trolley 3 hangs the hanging tools 10 a and 10 b and travels on the rail provided on the cantilever 2. The trolley 3 is moved by a hoisting / traversing winch disposed in the machine room 6.

  The hanging tools 10a and 10b are portions necessary for hanging the containers 50a and 50b. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, the hanging tools 10a and 10b are composed of spreaders 11a and 11b and head blocks 12a and 12b. 11a, 11b and head blocks 12a, 12b are connected by impact load buffering mechanisms 20a, 20b, 20Aa, 20Ba, 20Ba, respectively.

  The spreaders 11 a and 11 b are provided with a fitting device 15 and a guide arm 16. The fitting device 15 is a portion that grips the containers 50a and 50b using the guide arms 16 of the spreaders 11a and 11b, and a twist lock mechanism is used. The guide arm 16 is provided to facilitate the fitting of the containers 50a and 50b to the fitting device 15 of the spreaders 11a and 11b, and is not necessary when grasping the containers 50a and 50b in the cell guide of the container ship. It is configured so that it can be stored upward.

  A sheave 14 is fixed to the head blocks 12 a and 12 b, and the hanging tools 10 a and 10 b are suspended from the trolley 3 by a wire rope 5 wound around the sheave 14. Therefore, the hanging tools 10 a and 10 b are shaken by the traversing of the trolley 3. This shaking reduces the cargo handling efficiency of the containers 50a and 50b and may damage the cargo loaded in the containers 50a and 50b, so a container steadying device (not shown) is attached. In addition, in order to control the posture of the hanging tools 10a and 10b to facilitate handling, a tilting / swivel device (not shown) is also provided that causes vertical and horizontal tilts and swiveling motions by winding and unwinding the wire rope 5. ing.

  The containers 50a and 50b are wound and lowered by a wire rope 5 wound around a drum of a winding / transverse winch (winding winch?) Disposed in the machine room 6.

  In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, two spreaders 11a and 11b are arranged in parallel, and these spreaders 11a and 11b are placed on the head blocks 12a and 12b, respectively. , 20b, 20Aa, 20Ba, and 20Bb. The impact load buffering mechanisms 20a, 20b, 20Aa, 20Ba, and 20Bb are provided between the sheave 14 of the head blocks 12a and 12b and the fitting device 15 of the spreaders 11a and 11b in a portion where the inertia on the lower side is reduced as much as possible. Is preferred.

  Further, the head blocks 12a and 12b can be easily separated from each other so that the interval L between the spreaders 11a and 11b and the turning direction inclination angle θ can be adjusted, and the two spreaders 11a and 11b can be easily separated as necessary. The front part and the rear part are connected by connecting members 40f and 40b that can expand and contract, such as cylinders.

  In the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the impact load buffering mechanisms 20a and 20b are configured by a cylinder device having a hydraulic buffering mechanism, and the spreaders 11a and 11b and the head are formed by the cylinder devices 20a and 20b. Connection with the blocks 12a and 12b is performed. That is, for each spreader 11a (or 11b), the four hydraulic cylinder devices (or pneumatic cylinder devices) 20a (or 20b) are connected between the spreader 11a (or 11b) and the head block 12a (or 12b). To do.

  As shown in FIG. 8, these hydraulic cylinder devices 20a and 20b (hereinafter referred to as 20 in the description of FIG. 8) absorb the impact load F in the expansion / contraction direction of the rod 22 by the relief valves 35a and 35b. A buffer mechanism is provided, and this buffer mechanism is an impact load buffer mechanism.

  In the hydraulic cylinder device 20 having the buffer mechanism, as shown in FIG. 8, the required hydraulic pressure is obtained by supplying oil from the oil tank 31 of the hydraulic mechanism 30 to the hydraulic cylinder device 20 by the hydraulic pump 32. The rod 21 can be expanded and contracted by applying a hydraulic pressure to the first chamber 20 a side of the hydraulic cylinder device 20 or applying a hydraulic pressure to the second chamber 20 b side by the control valve 33. The hydraulic pressure is maintained at a predetermined pressure load by the relief valve 34.

  Furthermore, the impact load F in the expansion / contraction direction of the rod 21 is absorbed by the relief valves 35a and 35b communicating with the first chamber 20a and the second chamber 20b, respectively. The degree of buffering is adjusted by the variable throttle valves 36a and 36b. The relief valves 35a and 35b are not operated at normal pressure (normal cargo handling), but are opened when a large pressure is applied.

  Therefore, when the impact load buffering mechanism is formed by the hydraulic cylinder device 20, the impact energy acting on the spreaders 10a and 10b can be absorbed by the relief valves 35a and 35b and the variable throttle valves 36a and 36b. Although the direction of the impact load is not necessarily the direction of expansion and contraction of the rod, a substantial portion of the impact load can be relaxed by absorbing the impact load in this direction. According to this configuration, since the hydraulic cylinder device 20 functions as a cushion, not only when a snack load occurs, but also when the containers 50a, 50b and the spreaders 10a, 10b are joined, when the spreaders 10a, 10b are landed, etc. It is also possible to absorb the impact load.

  In addition, when the cylinder devices 20a and 20b are connected, the height positions of the spreaders 11a and 11b connected to the head blocks 12a and 12b can be adjusted by the expansion and contraction of the rod 21. Therefore, even if the container heights are different, the height positions of the spreaders 11a and 11b can be easily changed. That is, the difference in height between the left and right containers 50a and 50b can be adjusted by the cylinder devices 20a and 20b. Therefore, these containers 50a and 50b can be simultaneously fixed to the spreaders 11a and 11b.

  In the configuration of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, with respect to one spreader 10b, the impact load buffering mechanism 20a is configured by a cylinder device 20b provided with a hydraulic buffering mechanism, and the cylinder device 20b is connected to the spreader 11b. Connection with the head block 12b is performed.

  As for the other spreader 10a, the shock load buffering mechanism 20Aa is constituted by a connecting portion 24 by a shear pin 25 that is damaged when a large impact load is applied, and the spreader 11a and the head are supported by a support 23 having this connecting portion 24. Connection with the block 12a is performed. That is, the coupling portion 24 by the shear pin 25 is installed between the sheave 14 of the head block 12a and the fitting device 15 of the spreader 11a to absorb the snag load. The spreader 11a is connected to the head block 12a with the chain 13 or the like so that the spreader 11a does not fall when the shear pin 25 is cut.

  Thereby, one spreader 10b is a cylinder device 20b, and the other spreader 20b can relieve an impact load with a shear pin 25, and the spreader 11b connected to the head block 12b by expansion and contraction of the rod 21 of one cylinder device 20b. Since the height position of the spreader 11b can be easily changed even when the container height is different, the containers 50a and 50b can be simultaneously changed to the spreaders 11a and 11b. It can be fixed to.

  Further, as shown in the third embodiment in FIG. 6 and the fourth embodiment in FIG. 7, the cylinder devices 20a in the first embodiment in FIG. 3 and the second embodiment in FIG. 20b is constituted by cylinder devices 20Ba and 20Bb in which a connecting portion 26 by a shear pin 27 that is broken when a large impact load is applied to a part of the rod 21 is provided. Further, the spreaders 11a and 11b are connected to the head blocks 12a and 12b by the chain 13 or the like so that the spreaders 11a and 11b do not fall when the shear pin 27 is cut.

  Instead of a part of the cylinder devices 20Ba and 20Bb, a connecting portion 26 using a shear pin 27 may be provided at a portion where the cylinder devices 20Ba and 20Bb are fixed.

  According to these configurations, even when an impact load that cannot be absorbed by the buffer mechanism of the cylinder devices 20a and 20b is applied, the spreaders 11a and 11b and the like can be protected by the breakage of the shear pin 27.

  3 to 7, the shock load buffering mechanisms 20Aa, 20Ba, 20Ba such as the coupling portions 24, 26 by the cylinder devices 20a, 20b and the shear pins 25, 27 are combined with the head blocks 12a, 12b and the spreader. Since it is arranged between 11a and 11b, the lower inertia is smaller than these impact load buffering mechanisms 20a, 20b, 20Aa, 20Ba and 20Ba (hereinafter referred to as 20). For this reason, the impact load generated by the members below the shock load buffering mechanism 20 is small, and the members above the shock load buffering mechanism 20 have a large shock load by the shock load buffering mechanism 20. As it is mitigated, it can prevent major damage.

  In particular, since the protection device is usually provided on the trolley 3 side or the like, if the impact load can be eased for a moment, the impact load is detected on the trolley 3 side and the protection device is operated, so that the crane 1 can be protected. Therefore, the impact load buffer mechanism 20 can absorb the impact load and protect the spreaders 11a, 11b and the like even if a snag load occurs during cargo handling, thereby reducing damage.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cargo handling in the container crane 1 is performed as follows when the container 50 of the container ship 70 that has berthed is loaded and unloaded onto the quayside chassis 72.

  The container crane 1 is run on the quay rail 71 and stopped at a predetermined cargo handling position. Next, after the trolley 3 is moved on the rail of the cantilever 2 and moved to just above the container 50 to be handled, the connected spreaders 10a and 10b are unwound.

  Containers are guided by the guide arm 16 (FIG. 3) while the spreaders 10a and 10b being lowered are controlled by the cylinders 40f and 40b (FIG. 4) to adjust the distance L between them and the tilt angle θ in the turning direction. 50, and the container 50 is fixed to the spreaders 10a and 10b using the fitting device 15 (FIG. 3). After fixing, the spreaders 10a and 10b are wound up and the container 50 on the container ship 70 is lifted.

  The trolley 3 is moved on the rail of the cantilever 2 to traverse to the land side, and is moved directly above the chassis 72, 72. The spreaders 10a and 10b are unwound while controlling the cylinders 40f and 40b and adjusting the distance L between them and the turning direction inclination angle θ, and the containers 50a and 50b are placed on the chassis 72 and 72, and the container 50a , 50 b is fixed on the chassis 72, 72. The fitting device 15 of the spreaders 10a and 10b is removed, and the containers 50a and 50b are separated from the spreaders 10a and 10b.

  The spreaders 10 a and 10 b are wound up, and the trolley 3 is moved onto the container ship 70 in order to load the next container 50. The cargo handling of the container ship 70 is completed by repeating the above cargo handling.

  In addition, when loading the container 50 from the chassis 72 onto the container ship 70, the work in the reverse direction is performed. Further, when the height of the container 50 is different, the rods 21 of the cylinder devices 20b and 20Bb of the spreader 10b are expanded and contracted so that the relative positions of the heights of the one spreader 10a and the other spreader 10b are changed to the containers 50a and 50b. Cargo handling is performed according to the difference in height between the two.

  Therefore, according to the container crane 1, when a large impact load such as a snag load is generated, the impact load is buffered, and damage to the spreaders 10a, 10b, the head blocks 12a, 12b, etc. can be reduced. It is easy to adjust the height between the two spreaders 10a and 10b arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, and even when the heights of the containers 50a and 50b are different, the cargo can be easily handled.

It is a front view which shows an example of the container crane of embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the container crane of FIG. It is a front view which shows the structure of the hanging tool part in 1st Embodiment. It is a top view which shows the structure of the hanging tool part in 1st Embodiment. It is a front view which shows the structure of the hanging tool part in 2nd Embodiment. It is a front view which shows the structure of the hanging tool part in 3rd Embodiment. It is a front view which shows the structure of the hanging tool part in 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the hydraulic mechanism of a hydraulic cylinder apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Container crane 2 Cantilever 3 Trolley 4, 5 Wire rope 6 Machine room 7 Operation room 8 Leg part 10a, 10b Lifting tool 11a, 11b Spreader 12a, 12b Head block 13 Chain 20a, 20b Cylinder apparatus (impact force buffer mechanism)
20Aa Impact force buffer mechanism by shear pin 20Ba, 20Bb Cylinder device having a coupling portion by shear pin 21 Rod 23 Strut 24, 26 Joint portion 25, 27 Shear pin 50, 50a, 50b Container 70 Container ship F Impact load

Claims (4)

  In a container crane in which two spreaders joined to a container are arranged in the transverse direction and a plurality of containers can be handled at the same time, a head block for fixing a sheave around which a wire rope from a trolley is wound, and the spreader A container crane, characterized in that an impact load buffering mechanism is provided for relaxing the impact load in the vertical direction.   2. The container crane according to claim 1, wherein the impact load buffering mechanism is constituted by a cylinder device provided with a buffering mechanism, and the spreader and the head block are respectively connected by the cylinder device.   With respect to one of the spreaders, the shock load buffering mechanism is constituted by a cylinder device provided with a buffering mechanism, and the cylinder device is used to connect the spreader and the head block. 2. The load buffering mechanism is constituted by a coupling portion by a shear pin that is broken when a large impact load is applied, and the spreader and the head block are coupled by a column having the coupling portion. The container crane described. 4. The container crane according to claim 2, wherein a coupling portion by a shear pin that is broken when a large impact load is applied to a part of the cylinder device or a portion that fixes the cylinder device. 5.

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