JP2014034457A - Unloader - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an unloader which controls or reduces an occurrence of damage to an excavation section and a main section and shortens restoration time.SOLUTION: An unloader comprises: a bucket elevator 9 which unloads a bulk load M by excavating the same; a boom conveyor which conveys the bulk load M unloaded by the bucket elevator 9; a hopper; and a belt feeder. The unloader also has shear pins 94 and link plates 95 which connect an upper section 93 and a lower section 92 of the bucket elevator 9. When a predetermined load is applied to the bucket elevator 9, the shear pins 94 and the link plates 95 transfer a rigidly connected state between the upper section 93 and the lower section 92 into a state which allows the lower section 92 to swing with respect to the upper section 93.

Description

  The present invention relates to an unloader that unloads an object.

  Conventionally, the unloader of the following patent document 1 is known as a technique in such a field. This unloader has a bucket elevator equipped with an excavation part attached to the tip of the boom, and when the level of the vibration waveform taken out from the vibration of the excavation part exceeds a reference value, a signal having an opposite phase to the vibration waveform And the vibration control operation is performed by the signal having the opposite phase. In this unloader, the vibration of the excavation part can be suppressed by performing the vibration damping operation as described above.

JP-A-9-301542

  However, in the state where the excavation part of the bucket elevator is inserted in the hold of the ship, when the ship moves away from the ship due to an earthquake, tsunami or anchor rope cutting, the excavation from the ship A large force is applied to the part, and the excavation part may be damaged or destroyed. Further, in this type of unloader, the unloader main body such as a boom, girder, or foundation may lose its balance and collapse due to the destruction of the excavation part. In addition, when the excavation part or the main body part is damaged, there is a problem that it takes a very long time to recover.

  In view of this problem, an object of the present invention is to provide an unloader that suppresses and reduces the occurrence of damage to an excavation part and a main body part and shortens the recovery time.

  An unloader according to the present invention includes a drilling unit that excavates and unloads an object, and a main body unit that conveys the object unloaded by the drilling unit, and has a connection unit that connects an upper part and a lower part of the drilling part. The connecting portion is characterized in that when a predetermined load is applied to the excavating portion, the connecting portion is changed from a state in which the upper portion and the lower portion are in rigid contact to a state in which the lower portion is allowed to swing relative to the upper portion.

  According to the configuration including such a connecting portion, when the ship moves greatly and a predetermined load is applied to the excavation portion, the upper portion and the lower portion of the excavation portion are in rigid contact with each other, and the lower portion relative to the upper portion is shaken. The movement is allowed. Therefore, the lower part of the excavation part can swing with respect to the upper part even when the ship leaves the shore, etc., so that the force applied to the excavation part can be released and the occurrence of damage to the excavation part and main body part is suppressed. , Can be reduced. In addition, since the recovery can be performed simply by returning the state where the lower part is swingable with respect to the upper part to the rigid contact state, the recovery can be easily performed and the recovery time can be shortened.

  Moreover, the connection part may be provided in the upper end side of the excavation part. In this case, since the lower part that can swing and allow the force to escape can be enlarged with respect to the upper part of the excavation part, the occurrence of damage to the excavation part due to movement of the ship and the like can be more reliably suppressed and reduced. can do.

  The connecting portion connects the upper portion and the lower portion, and the first connecting means that breaks when a predetermined load is applied, and a state that allows the lower portion to swing relative to the upper portion after the first connecting portion breaks. And a second connecting means for connecting the upper part and the lower part. In this case, the first connecting means and the second connecting means can easily realize a configuration for suppressing and reducing the occurrence of damage to the excavation part. Furthermore, the second connecting means may be a link mechanism or a chain.

  The connecting portion connects the upper portion and the lower portion, and is provided at the upper portion and is broken when a predetermined load is applied. After the first connecting portion breaks, the lower portion swings against the upper portion. And a second connecting means for receiving a lower load in a state in which movement is allowed. Further, the second connecting means may be a flange portion provided at the lower end of the upper portion, and after the first connecting means is broken, the lower upper end portion may abut against the flange portion.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an unloader that suppresses and reduces the occurrence of damage to the excavation part and the main body part and shortens the recovery time.

It is a figure which shows the unloader which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a partially broken perspective view of the bucket elevator upper part of the unloader of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the bucket elevator of FIG. It is a side view which shows the connection part of the upper part and lower part in the bucket elevator of FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the lower part of the bucket elevator of FIG. 3 is swingably connected to the upper part. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the bucket elevator of the unloader which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a partially broken perspective view which shows the connection part of the upper part and lower part in the bucket elevator of FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which the lower part of the bucket elevator of FIG. 6 is swingably connected to the upper part.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of an unloader according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the unloader 1 of the first embodiment is a bucket elevator type continuous unloader (CSU) for ships, and a bulk load M (for example, coke) as an object from a ship hold 103 of the ship. And ore etc.). The unloader 1 includes a girder 2 that can travel along the quay 101 by two rails 3 a laid in parallel to the quay 101. A swivel frame 5 is supported on the girder 2 so that the swivel frame 5 can swivel, and a bucket elevator 9 is supported at a tip end portion of a boom 7 projecting laterally from the swivel frame 5. The bucket elevator 9 is configured to maintain the vertical position by the balancing lever 12 and the counterweight 13 regardless of the undulation angle of the boom 7.

  The unloader 1 includes a cylinder 15 for adjusting the hoisting angle of the boom 7. When the cylinder 15 is extended, the boom 7 is upward and the bucket elevator 9 is raised, and when the cylinder 15 is contracted, the boom 7 is downward and the bucket elevator 9 is lowered.

  The bucket elevator 9 continuously excavates and scrapes the bulk load M in the hold 103 by the side surface excavation-type scraping portion 11 provided at the lower part thereof, and also unloads the scraped bulk load M.

  The bucket elevator 9 includes an elevator main body 23 that constitutes the elevator shaft 21, and a chain bucket 29 that rotates around the elevator main body 23. The chain bucket 29 includes a chain 25 that is a pair of roller chains connected endlessly, and a plurality of buckets 27 that are supported at both ends by the pair of chains 25. Specifically, the two chains 25 are juxtaposed in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1, and each bucket 27 is suspended between the two chains 25 as shown in FIG. In this way, the chain 25 is attached to the chain 25 via a predetermined fixture.

  Further, the bucket elevator 9 includes drive rollers 31a, 31b, and 31c around which the chain 25 is bridged, and a turning roller 33 that guides the chain 25. The driving roller 31 a is provided at the uppermost part 9 a of the bucket elevator 9, the driving roller 31 b is provided at the front part of the scraping part 11, and the driving roller 31 c is provided at the rear part of the scraping part 11. The turning roller 33 is a driven roller located slightly below the driving roller 31a, and guides the chain 25 and changes the traveling direction of the chain 25. Further, a cylinder 35 is interposed between the driving roller 31b and the driving roller 31c. By extending and contracting the cylinder 35, the distance between the axes of the both driving rollers 31b and 31c is changed, so that the chain bucket 29 The moving orbit can be changed. Corresponding to the presence of two chains 25, there are also two drive rollers 31a, 31b, 31c and two turning rollers 33, respectively, which are arranged in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.

  When the driving rollers 31a, 31b, and 31c drive the chain 25, the chain 25 moves around the elevator main body 23 in a direction indicated by an arrow W along a predetermined locus, and the chain bucket 29 is connected to the uppermost portion 9a of the bucket elevator 9. It circulates around the scraping part 11 while moving around.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the bucket 27 of the chain bucket 29 ascends with its opening 27a facing upward. And in the uppermost part 9a of the bucket elevator 9, when passing the drive roller 31a, the chain 25 changes direction from upward to downward, and the opening 27a of the bucket 27 turns downward. A discharge chute 36 is formed below the opening 27a of the bucket 27 that faces downward as described above. The lower end of the discharge chute 36 is connected to a rotary feeder 37 disposed on the outer periphery of the bucket elevator 9.

  The rotary feeder 37 conveys the loose load M discharged from the discharge chute 36 to the boom 7 side. As shown in FIG. 1, a boom conveyor 39 that conveys the bulk load M unloaded by the bucket elevator 9 is disposed on the boom 7, and the boom conveyor 39 is transferred from the rotary feeder 37 to the bulk load M. Is supplied to the hopper 41. Below the hopper 41, a belt feeder 43 and an in-machine conveyor 45 located inside the girder 2 are arranged. In this way, the main body portion of the unloader 1 including the boom conveyor 39, the hopper 41, and the belt feeder 43 conveys the bulk load M unloaded by the bucket elevator 9.

  The unloading of the loose load M using the unloader 1 is performed as follows. The scraping part 11 at the lower end of the bucket elevator 9 is inserted into the hold 103, and the chain 25 is rotated in the direction of the arrow W in the figure. If it does so, the bucket 27 located in the scraping part 11 will excavate and scrape the bulk load M, such as a coke and an ore, continuously. Then, the loose load M scraped and loaded in these buckets 27 is conveyed vertically upward to the uppermost portion 9 a of the bucket elevator 9 as the chain 25 rises.

  After that, the bucket 27 passes through the position of the drive roller 31 a and the bucket 27 rotates so that the loose load M falls from the bucket 27. The bulk M dropped from the bucket 27 falls into the discharge chute 36 and is carried out to the rotary feeder 37 side, and is further transferred to the boom conveyor 39 and conveyed to the hopper 41. Further, the loose load M is carried out to the ground side equipment 49 via the belt feeder 43 and the in-machine conveyor 45. The above operations are repeatedly performed using the plurality of buckets 27, whereby the loose load M in the hold 103 is continuously landed.

  Next, the detailed configuration of the bucket elevator 9 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the bucket elevator 9 is provided at a covering portion 91 that covers the scraping portion 11, a cylindrical lower portion 92 that extends upward from the upper end of the covering portion 91, and a lower portion of the uppermost portion 9 a. A cylindrical upper part 93, a shear pin 94 as a first connection means for rigidly connecting the lower part 92 and the upper part 93, and a link plate 95 as a second connection means for connecting the lower part 92 and the upper part 93.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the lower portion 92 includes a flange portion 92a at its upper end, and the upper portion 93 includes a flange portion 93a at its lower end. The flange portion 92a has a plurality of holes 92b formed penetrating up and down, and the flange portion 93a has a plurality of holes 93b formed penetrating up and down at positions corresponding to the holes 92b. The shear pin 94 is inserted into the hole 92b and the hole 93b, and the lower part 92 and the upper part 93 are rigidly connected.

  The link plate 95 includes an upper plate 95a joined to the flange portion 93a and a lower plate 95b joined to the flange portion 92a. One end of the upper plate 95a is slidably joined to the flange portion 93a by a pin 95c that can rotate about an axis extending in the horizontal direction. One end of the lower plate 95b is swingably joined to the flange portion 92a by a pin 95e that can rotate about an axis extending in the horizontal direction. The other end of the upper plate 95a and the other end of the lower plate 95b are joined to each other by a pin 95d that can rotate about an axis extending in the horizontal direction. For example, the pins 95c, 95d, and 95e are formed in a spherical shape to allow rotation with respect to the lower portion 92 and the upper portion 93 of the link plate 95 in a plane parallel to the paper surface of FIG. 4 and in a plane perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. You may make it do.

  In this way, the link plate 95 constitutes a link mechanism, and when the shear pin 94 is broken and the flange portion 92a is separated from the flange portion 93a by being swingably joined to the lower portion 92 and the upper portion 93. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the lower portion 92 is slidably connected to the upper portion 93. Specifically, when a predetermined load is applied to the bucket elevator 9 in a direction away from the quay 101 or in a direction along the quay 101 due to the movement of the hull or the like, the shear pin 94 is broken and the link plate 95 causes the upper 93 The lower portion 92 is allowed to oscillate.

  A chain (not shown) may be used in place of the link plate 95 having the above function. In this case, one end of the chain is connected to the upper part 93 and the other end is connected to the lower part 92. Connected. If the chain is connected to the lower portion 92 and the upper portion 93 in this way, a state in which the lower portion 92 is swingably connected to the upper portion 93 when the shear pin 94 is broken is realized. The number of link plates 95 and the above chains is not particularly limited.

  As described above, in the unloader 1 according to the present embodiment, when the ship moves greatly and a predetermined load is applied to the bucket elevator 9, the upper portion 93 and the lower portion 92 of the bucket elevator 9 are brought into rigid contact with respect to the upper portion 93. Since the transition to the state in which the swing of the lower portion 92 is permitted is made, the force applied to the bucket elevator 9 can be released, and the occurrence of damage to the bucket elevator 9 and the like can be suppressed and reduced. Furthermore, since the bucket elevator 9 can be prevented from being damaged, it is possible to avoid a situation where the main body of the unloader 1 such as the boom 7 or the girder 2 loses balance and collapses. Specifically, since the upper part 93 and the lower part 92 of the bucket elevator 9 are connected by the link plate 95, the balance between the bucket elevator 9 and the counterweight 13 can be maintained, and the unrotor 1 can be prevented from collapsing. Can do.

  Further, from the state in which the lower part 92 can swing with respect to the upper part 93, the lower part 92 is aligned with the upper part 93, and the shear pin 94 is inserted into the hole 92b and the hole 93b to return to the rigid contact state. Therefore, the recovery can be easily performed and the recovery time can be shortened. Moreover, as a direction of the load added to the bucket elevator 9, although the direction which a ship leaves | separates from the quay 101 and the direction where a ship moves along the quay 101 are assumed, in the unloader 1 of this embodiment, which direction Similar effects can be obtained even when a load is applied.

  Further, the upper part 93 is provided at the lower part of the uppermost part 9 a, and the shear pin 94 and the link plate 95, which are connecting parts between the lower part 92 and the upper part 93, are provided at the upper end side of the bucket elevator 9. Therefore, since the lower part 92 that can swing and allow the force to escape can be enlarged with respect to the upper part 93 of the bucket elevator 9, the occurrence of damage to the bucket elevator 9 due to the movement of the ship or the like can be more reliably performed. It can be suppressed and reduced.

  In the present embodiment, a flange portion 92a is provided at the upper end of the lower portion 92, a flange portion 93a is provided at the lower end of the upper portion 93, and the shear pin 94 is inserted into the hole 92b of the flange portion 92a and the hole 93b of the flange portion 93a. Thus, the example in which the lower portion 92 and the upper portion 93 are rigidly connected has been described. However, the configuration for rigidly connecting the lower portion 92 and the upper portion 93 is not limited to this example, and any configuration may be used as long as the lower portion 92 and the upper portion 93 are connected and the connection is released when a predetermined load is applied. In the present embodiment, the example in which the link plate 95 or the chain is used as the second connection means has been described. However, a configuration other than the link plate 95 or the chain may be used as the second connection means. Any configuration may be used as long as the upper portion 93 and the lower portion 92 are connected in a state in which the swinging of the 92 is allowed.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the second embodiment, instead of the bucket elevator 9, a bucket elevator 109 having a lower portion 192 provided with an expanding portion 192a at the upper end and an upper portion 193 provided with a pin receiving portion 193c for receiving the shear pin 194 is provided. Only the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment, and other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the expanding portion 192 a of the lower portion 192 is formed so as to expand in the radial direction, and includes an upper end 192 b, a lower end 192 c, a side 192 f, and a pin receiver that receives the shear pin 194. Part 192e. The pin receiving portion 192e is provided so as to extend upward from the inner end portion of the upper end portion 192b, and has a plurality of holes formed penetrating in the horizontal direction, and the shear pin 194 is inserted into these holes. It is like that.

  The upper part 193 is provided with a flange part 193a that functions as a second connecting means at the lower end thereof. The pin receiving portion 193c of the upper portion 193 is provided so as to extend upward from the inner end portion of the flange portion 193a, and has a plurality of holes formed so as to penetrate in the horizontal direction at a position corresponding to the pin receiving portion 192e. Then, the shear pin 194 is inserted into the hole of the pin receiving part 193c and the hole of the pin receiving part 192e, and the lower part 192 and the upper part 193 are rigidly connected.

  Further, when the lower portion 192 and the upper portion 193 are rigidly contacted, between the upper surface 193b of the flange portion 193a and the lower surface of the upper end portion 192b of the expanded portion 192a, and the side surface of the flange portion 193a and the inner side of the side portion 192f A space is formed between the side surface 192d and a space is also formed between the lower surface of the flange portion 193a and the upper surface of the lower end portion 192c inside the expanded portion 192a.

  Here, when a predetermined load is applied to the bucket elevator 109 in a state where the lower portion 192 and the upper portion 193 are rigidly connected to each other by the shear pin 194, the shear pin 194 is broken, and, for example, as shown in FIG. The lower surface of the upper end portion 192b contacts the flange portion 193a, the flange portion 193a is hooked inside the expanded portion 192a, and the lower portion 192 is swingable with respect to the upper portion 193. Thus, when the shear pin 194 is broken, the flange portion 193a receives the load of the lower portion 192 while allowing the lower portion 192 to swing with respect to the upper portion 193.

  As described above, in this embodiment, since the upper portion 193 and the lower portion 192 of the bucket elevator 109 are in rigid contact with the shear pin 194, the lower portion 192 is allowed to swing with respect to the upper portion 193. The same effect can be obtained. Further, in the second embodiment, since the flange portion 193a of the upper portion 193 functions as the second connecting means, the link plate 95, the chain, and the like are not necessary.

  Further, in this embodiment, since the lower portion 192 includes the expanded portion 192a, the diameter of the portion other than the expanded portion 192a of the lower portion 192 and the diameter of the upper portion 193 can be made the same, and the swing of the lower portion 192 relative to the upper portion 193 can be made. The range of motion can be increased. However, if the diameter of the upper part 193 is made smaller than the diameter of the lower part 192, it is possible not to provide the expanding part 192a.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not restricted to the said embodiment, You may change in the range which does not change the summary described in each claim. For example, in the above embodiment, the example in which the upper parts 93 and 193 and the lower parts 92 and 192 of the bucket elevators 9 and 109 are cylindrical has been described, but the upper and lower parts may not be cylindrical.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the shear pin 94 and the link plate 95 are provided on the upper side of the bucket elevator 9 has been described, but the shear pin 94 and the link plate 95 may be provided on the lower side of the bucket elevator 9.

  In the above embodiment, the example using the shear pins 94 and 194 as the first connecting means has been described. However, other than the shear pins 94 and 194 may be used. A material having a (notch) may be used.

  Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated the example which applied this invention with respect to the unloader provided with the bucket elevators 9 and 109 by using the bucket elevators 9 and 109 as excavation parts, the bucket elevators 9 and 109 are not provided. For example, the present invention can be applied to unloaders other than the bucket elevator type, such as a suction type and a pinching type.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Unloader, 9 ... Bucket elevator (excavation part), 39 ... Boom conveyor (main part), 41 ... Hopper (main part), 43 ... Belt feeder (main part), 92, 192 ... Lower part, 93, 193 ... Upper part , 94, 194 ... shear pin (connection part, first connection means), 95 ... link plate (connection part, second connection means), 192b ... upper end part (lower upper end part), 193a ... flange part, M ... Bulk goods (objects).

Claims (7)

An excavation section for excavating and unloading an object;
A main body that conveys the object unloaded by the excavation unit, and
Having a connection part for connecting the upper part and the lower part of the excavation part;
The connection portion is configured to transition from a state in which the upper portion and the lower portion are in rigid contact to a state in which the lower portion is allowed to swing with respect to the upper portion when a predetermined load is applied to the excavation portion. Unloader to do.   The unloader according to claim 1, wherein the connection portion is provided on an upper end side of the excavation portion. The connecting portion is
A first connecting means for connecting the upper part and the lower part and breaking when a predetermined load is applied;
2. The second connecting means for connecting the upper part and the lower part in a state in which swinging of the lower part with respect to the upper part is allowed after the first connecting means is broken. Or the unloader according to 2.   The unloader according to claim 3, wherein the second connection means is a link mechanism.   The unloader according to claim 3, wherein the second connecting means is a chain. The connecting portion is
A first connecting means for connecting the upper part and the lower part and breaking when a predetermined load is applied;
A second connecting means provided on the upper part and receiving the load of the lower part while allowing the lower part to swing with respect to the upper part after the first connecting means is broken. The unloader according to claim 1 or 2. The second connection means is a flange portion provided at the lower end of the upper part,
The unloader according to claim 6, wherein after the first connecting means is broken, an upper end portion of the lower portion comes into contact with the flange portion.

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