JP2006504263A - 鉄に基づく構成部品の熱処理 - Google Patents
鉄に基づく構成部品の熱処理 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006504263A JP2006504263A JP2004546603A JP2004546603A JP2006504263A JP 2006504263 A JP2006504263 A JP 2006504263A JP 2004546603 A JP2004546603 A JP 2004546603A JP 2004546603 A JP2004546603 A JP 2004546603A JP 2006504263 A JP2006504263 A JP 2006504263A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat treatment
- volume
- component
- furnace
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は軟磁性複合構成部品に関する。詳しくは、本発明は軟磁性複合構成部品の熱処理における条件を制御することで当該構成部品の特性を改良する方法に関する。
軟磁性材料は誘導子、固定子、回転子、電気機械、アクチュエータおよび検知器でのコア材料のような応用面に使用される。伝統的に電気機械における回転子および固定子のような軟磁性コアは積重ねた鉄積層板から作られている。軟磁性複合材料、SMCの材料は各粒子に電気絶縁性被膜を伴う通常鉄でできた軟磁性粒子に基づいている。SMC部品は、伝統的な粉末冶金プロセスを用いて絶縁粒子を潤滑油および/またはバインダーと圧縮して作られる。SMC材料は三次元の磁束を伝えることができ、三次元形状は圧縮プロセスで得ることができるので、粉末冶金的に製造した材料を用いればSMC構成部品の設計において鉄積層板を用いるより高い自由度が可能となる。
本発明の目的は磁性特性が改良され、より均一である構成部品を生じる方法を提供することである。
簡単に述べると、これらの目的と共に以下に述べることで明らかになる他の目的は当該SMC構成部品を熱処理する加熱炉雰囲気を制御することで達成しうることが見出されていた。詳しくは加熱炉雰囲気のCO含量を制御するべきであることが見出されていた。
当該SMC構成部品は強磁性体粉末から適切に調製され、その粒子は電気的絶縁被覆がされている。圧縮前に当該粉末は有機潤滑剤と混合される。当該圧縮された構成部品は次に空気のような酸素含有雰囲気の過熱炉中で熱処理される。
本発明は以下の実施例により更に例証されるであろう。
初期の透磁性は周波数の関数として測定した。得られたSMC構成部品のより高い周波数における初期透磁性を維持する能力は周波数安定性と呼ばれる。
図1はCOがより低い濃度において加熱処理された材料は、周波数安定性がより高いことを示している。0.25%以下のCO濃度において、周波数安定性につき許容可能な値が得られた。
全損失についても測定し、図2で3種の異なるCO濃度において加熱処理した材料についての全損失を示す。図2はCO濃度が減少すると、全損失が減少することを示している。
図3は当該構成部品の温度プロファイルを示しているが、600℃の加熱炉温度で加熱処理した構成部品の温度は28分後に550℃になるということを結論することができた。
図4は500℃で55分および600℃で28分の加熱処理をした構成部品では同じ透磁性が得られることを示しているが、500℃で30分の加熱処理では最大約80kHzまではより低い透磁性を有することを示している。
加熱炉にて600℃で28分および500℃で50分の加熱処理した構成部品の周波数安定性は許容でき、これらの構成部品についての透磁性は80kHz未満において500℃で30分の加熱処理と比較して高いので、より高い温度およびより短い滞留時間で行うのが好ましい。
当該構成部品の表面は表面の仕上がりについては目で見て評価した。図5bは600℃で28分の加熱処理した構成部品は500℃で30分の加熱処理をした構成部品より良好な表面の仕上がりを有することを示している。図5cの500℃で50分の加熱処理をした構成部品の表面仕上がりは許容範囲で、500℃で30分の加熱処理した構成部品の表面仕上がりより相当良好であるが、600℃で28分の加熱処理した構成部品と比較すると光沢が劣っていた。かくして、より高い加熱温度およびより短い滞留時間を用いると透磁性を低下することなく生産性向上を成し遂げることができる。より良好な表面仕上がりも得ることができる。
Claims (7)
- −絶縁をした粉末粒子の軟磁性材料および有機潤滑剤からなる圧縮体を加熱炉雰囲気中で応力緩和加熱処理を受けさせ;
−当該加熱炉雰囲気をCO含有量0.25容量%未満に制御し;そして
−当該構成部品が少なくとも400℃に達したときに加熱処理を終了させることにより、粉末冶金的に製造したSMC構成部品の磁気的特性を改良する方法。 - 当該加熱炉雰囲気中のCO含有量が0.1容量%未満、好ましくは0.05容量%未満である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 当該絶縁をした粉末粒子は絶縁性の酸素含有およびリン含有バリヤーを有する本質的に純鉄の粉末基剤からなる、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 当該構成部品が450と650℃との間、好ましくは450と600℃との間に達したときに当該加熱処理を終了する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 当該加熱処理は少なくとも10容量%の酸素;450と1000℃の間に設定した加熱炉温度にて実施する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 当該加熱処理サイクル全体において少なくとも加熱炉の一点でCOの濃度を測定する、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 当該加熱炉内の空気流を制御することにより当該CO含有量を0.25容量%未満、好ましくは0.1容量%および最も好ましくは0.05容量%未満に低減させる、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0203168A SE0203168D0 (sv) | 2002-10-25 | 2002-10-25 | Heat treatment of iron-based components |
PCT/SE2003/001631 WO2004038740A1 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-22 | Heat treatment of soft magnetic components |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006504263A true JP2006504263A (ja) | 2006-02-02 |
JP4524187B2 JP4524187B2 (ja) | 2010-08-11 |
Family
ID=20289381
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004546603A Expired - Fee Related JP4524187B2 (ja) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-22 | 鉄に基づく構成部品の熱処理 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6989062B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1556871B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4524187B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101039514B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1331168C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE434824T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003269784A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0315582A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2497393C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60328121D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1556871T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2327727T3 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA05004383A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2325972C2 (ja) |
SE (1) | SE0203168D0 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI318413B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004038740A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BRPI0611947B1 (pt) * | 2005-06-15 | 2018-07-24 | Hoganas Ab | Componente compósito magnético macio e processo para sua produção |
RU2549904C2 (ru) * | 2009-09-18 | 2015-05-10 | Хеганес Аб | Ферромагнитная порошковая композиция и способ ее получения |
US20160311019A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-10-27 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | Soft magnetic powder mix |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6240312A (ja) * | 1985-08-15 | 1987-02-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 炉内における雰囲気制御方法 |
JPH07245209A (ja) * | 1994-03-02 | 1995-09-19 | Tdk Corp | 圧粉コアおよびその製造方法 |
JPH09512388A (ja) * | 1994-04-25 | 1997-12-09 | ホガナス アクチボラゲット | 磁性鉄粉末の熱処理 |
JPH10312927A (ja) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-24 | Furukawa Co Ltd | 圧粉磁芯の製造方法 |
JP2001026816A (ja) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-01-30 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 連続式加熱炉の操業方法 |
JP2002246219A (ja) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-08-30 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 圧粉磁心及びその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02141526A (ja) * | 1988-11-24 | 1990-05-30 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 雰囲気制御システム |
SE9402497D0 (sv) * | 1994-07-18 | 1994-07-18 | Hoeganaes Ab | Iron powder components containing thermoplastic resin and methods of making same |
SE9702744D0 (sv) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Hoeganaes Ab | Soft magnetic composites |
JP2000232014A (ja) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 複合磁性材料の製造方法 |
SE0000454D0 (sv) * | 2000-02-11 | 2000-02-11 | Hoeganaes Ab | Iron powder and method for the preparaton thereof |
US6652458B2 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2003-11-25 | The Mclean Hospital Corporation | ADHD detection by eye saccades |
JP2002015912A (ja) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-18 | Tdk Corp | 圧粉磁芯用粉末及び圧粉磁芯 |
SE0100236D0 (sv) * | 2001-01-26 | 2001-01-26 | Hoeganaes Ab | Compressed soft magnetic materials |
DE10106172A1 (de) * | 2001-02-10 | 2002-08-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formteils aus einem weichmagnetischen Verbundwerkstoff |
CN1128456C (zh) * | 2001-04-28 | 2003-11-19 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 高导磁率圆环形铁芯的处理方法 |
US7153594B2 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-12-26 | Höganäs Ab | Iron-based powder |
-
2002
- 2002-10-25 SE SE0203168A patent/SE0203168D0/xx unknown
-
2003
- 2003-02-14 US US10/366,616 patent/US6989062B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-22 AU AU2003269784A patent/AU2003269784A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-22 BR BR0315582-0A patent/BR0315582A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-22 DK DK03751715T patent/DK1556871T3/da active
- 2003-10-22 DE DE60328121T patent/DE60328121D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-22 KR KR1020057006447A patent/KR101039514B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-22 ES ES03751715T patent/ES2327727T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-22 MX MXPA05004383A patent/MXPA05004383A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-10-22 CA CA2497393A patent/CA2497393C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-22 RU RU2005115859/02A patent/RU2325972C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-22 AT AT03751715T patent/ATE434824T1/de active
- 2003-10-22 CN CNB2003801018426A patent/CN1331168C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-22 JP JP2004546603A patent/JP4524187B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-22 WO PCT/SE2003/001631 patent/WO2004038740A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-10-22 EP EP03751715A patent/EP1556871B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-24 TW TW092129499A patent/TWI318413B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6240312A (ja) * | 1985-08-15 | 1987-02-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 炉内における雰囲気制御方法 |
JPH07245209A (ja) * | 1994-03-02 | 1995-09-19 | Tdk Corp | 圧粉コアおよびその製造方法 |
JPH09512388A (ja) * | 1994-04-25 | 1997-12-09 | ホガナス アクチボラゲット | 磁性鉄粉末の熱処理 |
JPH10312927A (ja) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-24 | Furukawa Co Ltd | 圧粉磁芯の製造方法 |
JP2001026816A (ja) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-01-30 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 連続式加熱炉の操業方法 |
JP2002246219A (ja) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-08-30 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 圧粉磁心及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2327727T3 (es) | 2009-11-03 |
US20040079452A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
CN1331168C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
EP1556871A1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
WO2004038740A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
CA2497393C (en) | 2011-09-20 |
TW200423158A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
JP4524187B2 (ja) | 2010-08-11 |
RU2325972C2 (ru) | 2008-06-10 |
CN1706012A (zh) | 2005-12-07 |
DK1556871T3 (da) | 2009-09-28 |
RU2005115859A (ru) | 2006-01-20 |
EP1556871B1 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
DE60328121D1 (de) | 2009-08-06 |
SE0203168D0 (sv) | 2002-10-25 |
TWI318413B (en) | 2009-12-11 |
KR101039514B1 (ko) | 2011-06-08 |
BR0315582A (pt) | 2005-08-30 |
KR20050071577A (ko) | 2005-07-07 |
ATE434824T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
US6989062B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 |
AU2003269784A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
MXPA05004383A (es) | 2005-12-14 |
CA2497393A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4801734B2 (ja) | 電磁軟質複合体材料 | |
KR101477582B1 (ko) | 연자성 분말 | |
JP2006225766A (ja) | 磁性鉄粉末の熱処理 | |
EP2458601B1 (en) | Soft magnetic powdered core and method for producing same | |
JP4689038B2 (ja) | 軟磁性合成材およびその製造方法 | |
KR101097896B1 (ko) | 철계 연자성 분말 | |
WO2007004727A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing of insulated soft magnetic metal powder formed body | |
JP2008297606A (ja) | 圧粉磁心用金属粉末および圧粉磁心の製造方法 | |
JPH02290002A (ja) | Fe―Si系合金圧粉磁心およびその製造方法 | |
JP4524187B2 (ja) | 鉄に基づく構成部品の熱処理 | |
US6419877B1 (en) | Compressed soft magnetic materials | |
WO2017033990A1 (ja) | 磁心用粉末および圧粉磁心の製造方法 | |
KR101269687B1 (ko) | 연자성 분말 제조방법 | |
JP2006135164A (ja) | 軟磁性材料およびその製造方法 | |
Frayman et al. | PM for Current and Future Applications: Novel Soft Magnetic Composite for AC Applications with Reduced Total Core Losses | |
JP2015233090A (ja) | 圧粉磁心の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20060821 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20090227 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090303 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20090527 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20090603 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090805 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100514 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100531 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130604 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |