JP2006503109A - 三酸化ヒ素を含む経口組成物の処方およびその使用法 - Google Patents
三酸化ヒ素を含む経口組成物の処方およびその使用法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006503109A JP2006503109A JP2005500968A JP2005500968A JP2006503109A JP 2006503109 A JP2006503109 A JP 2006503109A JP 2005500968 A JP2005500968 A JP 2005500968A JP 2005500968 A JP2005500968 A JP 2005500968A JP 2006503109 A JP2006503109 A JP 2006503109A
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- Prior art keywords
- solution
- arsenic trioxide
- composition
- leukemia
- arsenic
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)および急性前骨髄球性白血病(APL)を包含する種々の血液学的悪性腫瘍の治療のための三酸化ヒ素(As2O3)の経口処方に関する。該処方は、現在実施されている三酸化ヒ素の静脈内(IV)投与の全身性バイオアベイラビリティに匹敵する全身性バイオアベイラビリティを提供する。本発明の経口処方は、3ヶ月以上の貯蔵寿命を示し、静脈内投与法よりも非常に便利で、危険性が低く、かつ、あまり費用がかからない三酸化ヒ素の投与方法を提供する。本発明は、また、本発明の経口処方の調製方法および該経口処方を用いて血液学的悪性腫瘍を有する対象を治療する方法に関する。
血液学的悪性腫瘍
血液学的悪性腫瘍は、身体の造血および免疫系の癌である。血液学的悪性腫瘍は、白血病、リンパ腫(ホジキン病および非ホジキンリンパ腫の両方)、および骨髄腫を包含する。異常な細胞増殖は、身体の健康な血液細胞の産生を干渉し、かくして、身体を感染に対して保護できなくする。血液学的悪性腫瘍の新規な事例は、アメリカ合衆国で診断された癌事例の9%を占め、毎年、約59,200人が該疾患によって死亡している。これらの疾患の多くは子供に起きる。
白血病は、骨髄および血液の癌である。それは、血液細胞の制御されない増殖によって特徴付けられる。アメリカ合衆国において約30,000もの新規な白血病事例が毎年報告されている。ほとんどの事例は老人において起きているが、白血病は、幼年期の癌の最も一般的な種類である。
白血病は急性または慢性のいずれかである。急性白血病において、異常な血液細胞は、非常に未熟なままであって、その正常な機能を実施することのできない芽細胞である。芽細胞の数は早急に増加し、該疾患は早急に悪化する。慢性白血病においては、芽細胞も存在するが、一般に、これらの細胞はより成熟しており、その正常な機能のいくつかを実施することができる。また、芽細胞の数は、急性白血病におけるよりも早急には増加しない。結果として、慢性白血病は徐々に悪化する。
2つの主要な型のリンパ腫−ホジキン病および非ホジキンリンパ腫がある。ホジキン病は、ホジキンリンパ腫としても知られているが、リード・ステルンベルク(R−S)細胞として知られる特定の細胞が存在する特別な形態のリンパ腫である。該細胞は、通常、他のリンパ腫には見られない。
ホジキン病の原因は不明である。ホジキン病は、他の癌と同様に、非感染性であり、他人に移ることはない。それは遺伝性ではない。ホジキン病の最初の徴候は、通常、頚部、腋窩または鼠蹊部の痛みのない腫れである。他の徴候は、寝汗または説明困難な発熱、体重減少および疲労、咳または息切れ、および全身の持続性の痒みを包含しうる。
骨髄腫は、骨髄において通常見出される型の形質細胞からなる悪性腫瘍である。骨髄腫細胞は、骨髄および骨の堅い外部に集まる傾向がある。ときどき、それらはたった1つの骨だけに集まり、形質細胞腫と呼ばれる1つの塊または腫瘍を形成する。しかしながら、ほとんどの場合、骨髄腫細胞は多くの骨に集まり、しばしば、多くの腫瘍を形成し、他の問題を引き起こす。これが起こるとき、該疾患は、限定するものではないが、例えば、巨細胞性骨髄腫、無痛性骨髄腫、限局性骨髄腫、多発性骨髄腫、形質細胞性骨髄腫、硬化性骨髄腫、孤立性骨髄腫、くすぶり型多発性骨髄腫、非分泌性骨髄腫、骨硬化性骨髄腫、形質細胞性白血病、孤立性形質細胞腫、および髄外性形質細胞腫などの多発性骨髄腫と呼ばれる。
徴候および症状は、影響を及ぼされた細胞の型に依存する。異常な白血球は、人々をより感染し易くし;異常な血小板は、人々を挫傷および自発性出血し易くし;異常な赤血球は、貧血および疲労を引き起こす。
ヒ素は、2,000年以上もの間、医学的に使用されてきた。18世紀に、1%w/v重炭酸カリウム中における三酸化ヒ素(実験式As2O3)の溶液(Fowler溶液)が、種々の感染性疾患および悪性疾患を治療するために開発された。白血球の抑制におけるその効力は、1878年に初めて記載された(Kwong Y.L.ら、Delicious poison: arsenic trioxide for the treatment of leukemia, Blood 1997;89:3487-8)。したがって、1940年代により強力な細胞毒性薬に取って代わられるまで、三酸化ヒ素が慢性骨髄性白血病の治療に使用されていた。しかしながら、三酸化ヒ素が、急性前骨髄球性白血病(APL)細胞においてアポトーシスおよび分化を誘導することが見出されたとき、かかる治療におけるその復活があった(Chen G.Q.ら、急性前骨髄球性白血病の治療における三酸化ヒ素の使用(Use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)): I. As2O3は用量依存性二元的効果をイン・ビトロおよびイン・ビボでAPL細胞に対して発揮する(As2O3 exerts dose-dependent dual effect on APL cells in vitro and in vivo), Blood 1997;89:3345-53; Soignet S.L.ら、再発性急性前骨髄球性白血病における三酸化ヒ素の合衆国多施設研究(United States multicenter study of arsenic trioxide in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia)、J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3852-60)。その後、これらのイン・ビトロでの観察の臨床上の意義は、三酸化ヒ素は90%を越える患者において軽減を誘導すると証明された(Shen Z.X.ら、急性前骨髄球性白血病の治療における三酸化ヒ素の使用(Use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)): II. 再発性患者における臨床効果および薬物動態学(Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in relapsed patients), Blood 1997;89:3354-60; Soignet S.L.ら、急性前骨髄球性白血病の三酸化ヒ素での治療後の完全な寛解(Complete remission after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide), N Engl J Med 1998;339:1341-8; Niu C.ら、急性前骨髄球性白血病の三酸化ヒ素での治療における研究: 11人の新たに診断されたの急性前骨髄球性白血病患者および47人の再発性の急性前骨髄球性白血病患者における寛解誘導、追跡調査および分子モニタリング(Studies on treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide: remission induction, follow-up and molecular monitoring in 11 newly diagnosed and 47 relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients), Blood 1999;94:3315-24)。
本発明は、血液学的悪性腫瘍、特に、骨髄芽球性白血病、前骨髄球性白血病、骨髄単球性白血病、単球性白血病、赤白血病、および骨髄異形成症候群などの再発した急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、および再発した急性前骨髄球性白血病(APL)患者の治療のための三酸化ヒ素(AS2O3)の経口調製物を提供する。第1の目的は、該経口処方の全身性バイオアベイラビリティーが静脈内投与に匹敵するか否かを試験することであった。第2の目的は、血液の細胞性成分、および推測によると、骨髄細胞(推定される作用部位)におけるAs2O3蓄積の程度を表すことであった。
好ましい具体例において、三酸化ヒ素組成物は、血液学的悪性腫瘍を有する対象に経口投与される。三酸化ヒ素組成物は、血液学的悪性腫瘍のための通常の治療(例えば、化学療法、照射)の前、間または後に、対象に投与できる。
図1は、単一の患者における三酸化ヒ素の静脈内および経口投与によるヒ素レベル対時間曲線(AUC)の代表的な評価を示す。全AUCは、台形法則を用いてコンピューター処理された。経口投与による正味の24h AUCは、2日目の総24−48h AUCと対応する静脈内投与によるAUCとの間の差として算出された。後者のAUCは、1日目の患者の排出薬物動態学の概算から得られた推定ヒ素レベルを用いて算出された(表IV参照)。図1は、Kumanaら、Eur. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002, 58: 521-6(出典明示により全体として本明細書の一部とされる)から借用された。
経口三酸化ヒ素組成物の調製
市販の薬局方等級As2O3がない場合は、良好な化学品質(最小純度99%)の粉末をSigma Chemical Company (St Louis, MO, USA)から得た。As2O3粉末は、冷水に溶け難く、極度にゆっくりと溶解し;沸騰水であっても、1:15の割合で溶解するだけである(Arsenic Trioxide, In: Budavari S O'Neil MJ (Eds), The Merck Index. An encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals. NJ: Merck & Co., Inc. 11th Ed., Rahway, N.J., USA. 1989. Monograph 832, p 127)。結局、それは下記のように溶解させた。
血液学的悪性腫瘍を有する対象における使用
本発明は、さらに、本発明の経口三酸化ヒ素組成物を使用する方法を提供する。1の具体例において、該三酸化ヒ素組成物は、血液学的悪性腫瘍(例えば、白血病、ホジキン病、非ホジキンリンパ腫、および骨髄腫)の治療のための医薬として使用される。該方法は、有効量の該三酸化ヒ素組成物を治療を必要とする対象に投与することを含む。該三酸化ヒ素組成物は、液体または固体形態において経口的に、または補給チューブを介して経腸的に投与されてもよい。本明細書中で使用される場合、「有効量」なる語は、血液学的悪性腫瘍という状況で、治療的または健康的利益を与えるのに十分な量を意味する。
対象にもよるが、治療的および健康的利益は、血液学的悪性腫瘍の成長および/または血液学的悪性腫瘍の他の身体部分への伸展(すなわち、転移)の阻害または遅延、癌の症状の軽減、癌を有する対象の生存率の改善、対象の平均寿命の延長、対象の生活の質の改善、および/または好結果の治療過程(例えば、化学療法、照射)後の再発率の減少の範囲に及ぶ。血液学的悪性腫瘍に関連する症状は、限定するものではないが、弱体化した免疫系、感染、発熱、赤血球および血小板の減少、衰弱、疲労、食欲減退、体重減少、腫れた、または柔らかいリンパ節、肝臓または脾臓、容易な出血または挫傷、皮下の小さな赤い斑点(点状出血と呼ばれる)、腫れた、または出血した歯肉、発汗(特に夜)、骨または関節痛、頭痛、嘔吐、精神錯乱、筋肉調節の喪失、および発作を包含する。
本発明の組成物は、セクション5.1において上記したように調製された三酸化ヒ素を活性成分として含み、医薬上許容される担体または賦形剤、および/または他の成分を含有することができる(但し、これらの成分は、該三酸化ヒ素組成物の効力を損なわない(例えば、減少させない))。本発明の三酸化ヒ素組成物中に配合できる他の成分は、限定するものではないが、薬草(伝統的な中国の医薬品)、薬草抽出物、ビタミン、アミノ酸、金属塩、金属キレート、着色料、風味増強剤、保存料などを包含しうる。
阻害剤;ヘプスルファム(hepsulfam);ヘレグリン(heregulin);ヘキサメチレンビサセタミド(hexamethylene bisacetamide);ヘペリシン(hypericin);イバンドロン酸(ibandronic acid);イダルビシン(idarubicin);イドキシフェン(idoxifene);イドラマトン(idramantone);イルモフォシン(ilmofosine);イロマスタット(ilomastat);イミダゾアクリドン(imidazoacridones);イミキモド(imiquimod);免疫刺激ペプチド;インスリン様生長因子−1受容体阻害剤;インターフェロンアゴニスト;インターフェロン;インターロイキン;イオベングアン(iobenguane);ヨードドクソルビシン(iododoxorubicin);4−イポメアノール(ipomeanol);イロプラクト(iroplact);イルソグラジン(irsogladine);イソベンガゾール(isobengazole);イソホモハリコンドリン(isohomohalicondrin)B;イタセトロン(itasetron);
臨床研究は、本発明の経口処方の全身性バイオアベイラビリティーが静脈内投与に匹敵するか否かを試験するために、および血液の細胞性成分中のAs2O3蓄積の程度、および推論によれば、推定される作用部位である骨髄細胞中のAs2O3蓄積の程度を表すために行われた。
三酸化ヒ素の経口処方は、前掲のセクション5.1に記載の方法にしたがって調製された。薬局方における一般的な推奨とは対照的に、殺真菌剤は添加されなかった。得られた透明溶液は、1mg/ml濃度でAs2O3を含有するように開発された。さらに、香港政府試験所(Hong Kong Government Laboratory)に提出された試料は、誘導結合プラズマ(Indicative Coupled Plasma: ICP)および容量滴定によってアッセイされ、1mlあたり1mgのAs2O3を含有することが確認された(表1参照)。さらに、微生物部門(Department of Microbiology)に提出された試料中、1ヶ月間のインキュベーション後、真菌は増殖しなかった。該溶液の貯蔵寿命は、3ヶ月を越えた。該研究の目的では、患者は、より長期間貯蔵した処方を受けなかった。
該研究に参加するための書面によるインフォームド・コンセントを、再発した急性骨髄性白血病(AML)または再発した急性前骨髄球性白血病(APL)であって、少なくとも2つの標準的な抗白血病治療に応答しなかった9人の患者から得た。人口統計的特徴ならびに各患者の病態に関係する詳細(研究室の知見を包含する)は、研究期間中、記録された。その後の臨床的な進行および関連する研究室での結果もまた、記録された。香港大学医学部倫理委員会(University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee)は、全プロトコールを是認した。
魚貝類を含有する食事はヒ素を含有するので、各患者は、好ましくはヒ素投与前の少なくとも1週間、魚貝類を控えるように指示された。1日目の午前10時に、100mlの塩化ナトリウム0.9%溶液中に希釈した10mgの標準的な市販の静脈内投与用(IV)As2O3処方(Ophthalmic Laboratories, Sydney, Australia)を60分にわたってIV点滴した。2日目の午前10時に(すなわち、IV点滴の開始から24時間後)、各患者は10mg投与量(10ml)の本発明の経口用As2O3溶液を嚥下し、該処理の前または間に、絶食するようには指示されなかった。
1日目のAs2O3投与の前、およびその後、IV点滴の開始後の時点:1、2、3、4、6、8、24、25、26、27、28、30、32および48時間後に、静脈血試料を採取した(11ml)。各試料由来の5mlを、ノンゲル(non-gel)リチウム−ヘパリン管(血漿中ヒ素レベルの測定のため)および3mlx2のEDTA管(全血中レベルの測定のため)中に収集した。リチウム−ヘパリン管由来の血漿を新たに分離し、血漿および全血試料の両方を4℃で保管し、次いで、バッチ分析した。
試料を3%(w/v)トリクロロ酢酸で蛋白除去し、次いで、マトリックス調整剤と混合した後、血漿および全血中ヒ素濃度をアッセイした。マトリックス調整剤は、硝酸マグネシウム(10g/L)、塩化パラジウム(6g/L)および亜硫酸アンモニウム(20g/L)を0.5%Triton X100中に含有していた。全化学物質は、分析等級のものであり、Sigma(St Louis, MO)から入手した。処理した試料を、黒鉛炉原子吸光分析(Simma 6000, Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT)によって、全血および血漿(それ自体、As2O3およびその代謝産物を含む)中の全ヒ素濃度についてアッセイした。したがって、濃度は、基礎値を超えるヒ素のnmol/Lとして表される。該方法の日間の変動係数は、559〜2169nmol/Lを変動するヒ素濃度の場合、7.5−9.6%であった。該方法の精度は、既知量のヒ素を患者試料中に加えることによって評価され;301〜678nmol/Lを変動する濃度について、回収率は97.3−101.3%であった。
各患者につき、静脈内および経口As2O3投与後の血漿および全血中濃度対時間プロットを比較した。台形法則を組み込んでいる標準的なコンピューターソフトウェア(GraphPad PrismR Version 3)を用いて、各ヒ素レベル対時間曲線(AUC)下の面積を、IV投与開始後から0〜24時間(100%であるとされる)の間、および経口投与後0〜24時間(すなわち、IV投与から24〜48時間後)の間に得て、バイオアベイラビリティーの測定値として用いた。
最初の静脈内投与から48時間後の血液の細胞性フラクション中のヒ素濃度(Cc)は、対応する血漿(Cp)および全血(Cb)中濃度ならびに一般的なヘマトクリット(Hct)値から、下記のように算出された:
血液1L由来の血漿中のヒ素のナノモル=Cp(1−Hct)
したがって、血液1L中の残りの細胞性フラクション中のヒ素量は、
Cb−[Cp(1−Hct)]
になる。
かくして、血液の細胞性フラクション1Lあたりのヒ素濃度(重量/容量)は、
Cc={Cb−[Cp(1−Hct)]}/Hct
である。
各患者の人口統計学的特徴、基礎ヒ素濃度、病態、および治療結果を表2に示す。発明者らの研究室において、許容された正常な範囲は下記の通りである:尿素3.2−7.5mM/L;クレアチニン86−126μM/L;アラニントランスアミナーゼ(ALT)5−63U/Lおよびアスパラギン酸トランスアミナーゼ(AST)13−33U/L。As2O3を摂取した全患者において規則的に行われたECGsは、異常なQTc延長の例を生じなかった。
バイオアベイラビリティー
発明者らは、最初に各患者がどのようにAs2O3を許容するのかを知りたかったので、100%全身性アベイラビリティーが保証されたとき(IV投与後)、無作為なバランスの一連の投与を該研究に用いなかった。各時間対血漿および全血濃度プロット下のAUC(図1および表3)に基づいて、発明者らの経口処方がIV投与に匹敵する許容できるバイオアベイラビリティーを達成したことは明らかであった。相当な患者間変動があったが、患者内(日間)変動は、比較的小さかった。経口As2O3後のAUCはIV投与後のそれとほぼ同じであるようであったが、ある種の例外について説明する必要がある。かくして、患者6、8および9の場合、経口投与による全血AUCは、IV投与後よりも非常に大きく、同じことが、患者4および9の血漿AUCに当てはまった。可能性のある理由として:i)ヒ素投与または薬物レベル測定に伴う問題;ii)最初の(IV)投与後、As2O3が組織結合部位を飽和して、第2の(経口)投与後に血液中でより多く利用できるようになる;およびiii)個々の患者による2日目の食事に対する無配慮が挙げられる。
As2O3が身体のある特定の組織中で濃縮されることは、よく知られている(Yamauchi H.ら、1985, 経口投与された三酸化ヒ素の代謝および排出(Metabolism and excretion of orally administered arsenic trioxide), Toxicology 34:113-21; Huang SYら、1998, 急性前骨髄球性白血病の治療に関連した急性および慢性ヒ素中毒(Acute and chronic arsenic poisoning associated with treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia), Brit. J. Haemat. 103:1092-5; Ni JHら、1998, 急性前骨髄球性白血病の治療における静脈内三酸化ヒ素の薬物動態学(Pharmacokinetics of intravenous arsenic trioxide in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia), Chinese Medical J. 111:1107-10)。発明者らの知見は、患者番号1を除き、血液の細胞性フラクション中の48時間濃度が対応する血漿中濃度よりも一貫して高かった(約2〜3倍)ことにおいて、該観察を支持する。患者番号1は、非常に不調で、貧血症であり(表4)、As2O3治療の1日目に、2単位のパック細胞を投与され、それがおそらく、全血中ヒ素レベルを希釈した。As2O3治療をモニターする助けとして、血液の細胞性フラクション中で達成されたヒ素濃度(骨髄の細胞性エレメント中のそれとおそらく近似している)は、所定の応答の達成および/または毒性の回避に重要であるということになりうる。
本発明の経口As2O3処方は、該化合物のIV投与よりも便利で、費用効果があった。さらに、ヒ素の全身性バイオアベイラビリティーは、IV投与のそれに匹敵し、ヒ素は、As2O3治療の開始から48時間後の血液の細胞性フラクション中に濃縮された。
下記の実施例は、本発明の三酸化ヒ素の経口処方を用いることの健康的利益、および該処方を用いる臨床研究の結果を示す。これらの実施例は、限定的なものとして解釈されるべきではない。
経口三酸化ヒ素処方(経口−As2O3)は、セクション6.1.1の記載と同様に調製された。
再発性APLの12人の一連の任意抽出した患者を、経口−As2O3で処理した(表4参照)。再発は、形態学的(骨髄中において>30%芽細胞+異常な前骨髄細胞)および細胞遺伝学的(付加的な核型異常を示す事例のいずれも伴わないt(15;17)の存在)または分子的(PML/RAARの存在)に確認された。治療は、インフォームド・コンセントと共に与えられ、プロトコールは香港大学医学部倫理委員会(University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee)によって是認された。
全患者は、治療前のKarnofskyスコア80%を有した。ルーチンなモニタリングは、隔日の血液カウントおよび腎/肝機能試験、および最初は一週間毎日、次いで週に1回の心電図記録を包含した。
第1の再発(R1)における8人の患者は、完全な寛解(CR、骨髄中における<5%の異常な前骨髄細胞+芽細胞)まで、経口−As2O3(10mg/日)で処理し、次いで、イダルビシン(idarubicin)で強化した(最初の1ヶ月は5日間、次いで、2ヶ月間、1月につき2日間、6mg/m2/日)(Kwong Y.L.ら、再発性急性前骨髄球性白血病における三酸化ヒ素−およびイダルビシン−誘導性寛解:予備的研究の臨床病理学的および分子的特徴(Arsenic trioxide- and idarubicin-induced remissions in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukaemia: clinicopathological and molecular features of a pilot study)、Am J Hematol. 2001;66:274-9)。患者番号1、2、3、5および7は、最初の薬物動態研究の一部として、静脈内As2O3投与を1日受けた(Kumana C.R.ら、血液学的悪性腫瘍患者の治療に使用された経口三酸化ヒ素の全身性アベイラビリティー(Systemic availability of oral arsenic-trioxide used for treatment of patients with haematological malignancies)、Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;58:521-526)。
第2の再発(R2)における5人の患者(CR2後に再発した事例1を包含する)は、寛解まで、経口−As2O3(10mg/日)と全トランスレチノイン酸(ATRA)(45mg/m2/日)との組み合わせで処理され(Au W.Y.ら、三酸化ヒ素を用いて治療が成功した以前の再発から再発している急性前骨髄球性白血病の三酸化ヒ素および全トランスレチノイン酸の組み合わせ治療(Combined arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia recurring from previous relapses successfully treated using arsenic trioxide)、Br J Haematol. 2002;117:130-2)、次いで、As2O3およびATRA(As2O3:10mg/日、ATRA:45mg/m2/日、2ヶ月毎に2週間)での強化治療を行った。
経口As2O3(10mg/日)で中央値で37(22−59)日間治療した第1の再発(R1)における全患者は、第2の完全な寛解(CR2)を達成した。中央値で14(6−18)ヶ月の追跡調査で、数人の患者が連続的なCR2にあった。
経口As2O3/ATRAで中央値で31(28−37)日間治療された第2の再発(R2)における4人の患者は、第3の完全な寛解(CR3)に達した。中央値で17(14−19)ヶ月の追跡調査で、全員がCR3のままであった。患者番号1は、治療から76日後に、CR3に達することなく、脳出血で死亡した。
該予備的研究における発明者らの予備的結果は、経口As2O3が再発したAPLにおいて非常に活性であり、静脈内As2O3に匹敵する効果を有することを示した(Tallman M.S.ら、急性前骨髄球性白血病:発展している治療法(Acute promyelocytic leukemia: evolving therapeutic strategies)、Blood 2002;99:759-67)。白血球増加症、LFT攪乱および皮膚発疹の頻度および重篤度を包含する副作用もまた、静脈内As2O3に匹敵した(Niu C.ら、急性前骨髄球性白血病の三酸化ヒ素での治療における研究: 11人の新たに診断された急性前骨髄球性白血病患者および47人の再発性の急性前骨髄球性白血病患者における寛解誘導、追跡調査および分子モニタリング(Studies on treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide: remission induction, follow-up, and molecular monitoring in 11 newly diagnosed and 47 relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients)、Blood 1999;94:3315-24; Soignet S.L.ら、再発性急性前骨髄球性白血病における三酸化ヒ素の合衆国多施設研究(United States multicenter study of arsenic trioxide in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia)、J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3852-60)。心不整脈は見られず、このことは、不整脈がたった1/58人の患者にしか見られなかった中国人患者における静脈内As2O3の以前の研究と類似していた(Niu C.ら、上掲)。
当業者は、単なるルーチンな実験を用いて、本明細書に記載の発明の特定の具体例と同等な多くのものを理解し、または確認することができるであろう。かかる同等物は、請求の範囲によって包含されることが意図される。
本明細書中に引用される全ての出版物、特許および特許出願は、あたかも各出版物、特許または特許出願が特別かつ個々に、出典明示により本明細書の一部にされると示されるかの如く、その同程度まで出典明示により本明細書中に組み込まれるものとする。
本明細書中の引用文献の引用または考察は、かかるものが本発明の先行技術であるという容認として解釈されるべきではない。
Claims (42)
- (a)三酸化ヒ素を滅菌水に加えて第1の溶液を作成し;
(b)水酸化ナトリウムを第1の溶液に加えて第2の溶液を作成し;次いで
(c)塩酸を第2の溶液に加えて第3の溶液を作成することを含む方法によって調製される、三酸化ヒ素を含む経口投与用組成物。 - 工程(a)において三酸化ヒ素が粉末である請求項1記載の組成物。
- 三酸化ヒ素粉末が少なくとも90%、95%、96%、97%、98%または99%純度を有する請求項2記載の組成物。
- 水酸化ナトリウムのモル濃度が3Mである請求項1記載の組成物。
- 塩酸のモル濃度が6Mである請求項1記載の組成物。
- 第3の溶液のpHが8.0である請求項5記載の組成物。
- さらに、希塩酸および滅菌水を第3の溶液に加えて最終溶液を作成する工程を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 最終溶液がpH7.2を有する請求項7記載の組成物。
- 最終溶液が1mg/mlの三酸化ヒ素濃度を有する請求項7記載の組成物。
- (a)500mgの三酸化ヒ素を150mlの滅菌水に加えて第1の溶液を作成する第1工程;
(b)3M水酸化ナトリウムを第1の溶液に加えて第2の溶液を作成する第2工程;
(c)250mlの滅菌水を第2の溶液に加えて第3の溶液を作成する第3工程;
(d)6M塩酸を第3の溶液に加えて第4の溶液を作成する第4工程;および
(e)希塩酸および滅菌水を第4の溶液に加えて最終溶液を作成する第5工程を含む方法によって調製される、三酸化ヒ素を含む経口投与用組成物。 - 工程(a)における三酸化ヒ素が粉末である請求項10記載の組成物。
- 三酸化ヒ素粉末が少なくとも90%、95%、96%、97%、98%または99%純度を有する請求項11記載の組成物。
- 三酸化ヒ素が第1の溶液中に完全に溶解している請求項10記載の組成物。
- 工程(d)における塩酸の添加前に、三酸化ヒ素が完全に溶解している請求項10記載の組成物。
- 第4の溶液のpHが8.0である請求項10記載の組成物。
- 最終溶液がpH7.2を有する請求項10記載の組成物。
- 最終溶液が500mlの最終容量を有する請求項10記載の組成物。
- 最終溶液が1mg/mlの三酸化ヒ素濃度を有する請求項10記載の組成物。
- (a)500mgの三酸化ヒ素を150mlの滅菌水に加えて第1の溶液を作成する第1工程;
(b)3M水酸化ナトリウムを第1の溶液に加えて第2の溶液を作成する第2工程;
(c)250mlの滅菌水を第2の溶液に加えて第3の溶液を作成する第3工程;
(d)6M塩酸を第3の溶液に加えて第4の溶液を作成する第4工程;および
(e)希塩酸および滅菌水を第4の溶液に加えて最終溶液を作成する第5工程を含む、経口投与用三酸化ヒ素組成物の作成方法。 - 工程(a)において三酸化ヒ素が粉末である請求項19記載の方法。
- 三酸化ヒ素粉末が少なくとも90%、95%、96%、97%、98%または99%純度を有する請求項20記載の方法。
- 三酸化ヒ素が第1の溶液中に完全に溶解している請求項19記載の方法。
- 工程(d)における塩酸の添加前に、三酸化ヒ素が完全に溶解している請求項19記載の方法。
- 第4の溶液のpHが8.0である請求項19記載の方法。
- 最終溶液がpH7.2を有する請求項19記載の方法。
- 最終溶液が500mlの最終容量を有する請求項19記載の方法。
- 最終溶液が1mg/mlの三酸化ヒ素濃度を有する請求項19記載の方法。
- (a)500mgの三酸化ヒ素を150mlの滅菌水に加えて第1の溶液を作成する第1工程;
(b)3M水酸化ナトリウムを第1の溶液に加えて第2の溶液を作成する第2工程;
(c)250mlの滅菌水を第2の溶液に加えて第3の溶液を作成する第3工程;
(d)6M塩酸を第3の溶液に加えて第4の溶液を作成する第4工程;および
(e)希塩酸および滅菌水を第4の溶液に加えて最終溶液を作成する第5工程を含む方法によって調製される三酸化ヒ素組成物の治療上有効量を治療の必要な対象に投与することを特徴とする、該対象において血液学的悪性腫瘍を治療する方法。 - 工程(a)において三酸化ヒ素が粉末である請求項28記載の方法。
- 三酸化ヒ素粉末が少なくとも90%、95%、96%、97%、98%または99%純度を有する請求項29記載の方法。
- 三酸化ヒ素が第1の溶液中に完全に溶解している請求項28記載の方法。
- 工程(d)における塩酸の添加前に、三酸化ヒ素が完全に溶解している請求項28記載の方法。
- 第4の溶液のpHが8.0である請求項28記載の方法。
- 最終溶液がpH7.2を有する請求項28記載の方法。
- 最終溶液が500mlの最終容量を有する請求項28記載の方法。
- 最終溶液が1mg/mlの三酸化ヒ素濃度を有する請求項28記載の方法。
- 三酸化ヒ素組成物が対象に経口投与される請求項28記載の方法。
- 三酸化ヒ素組成物が少なくとも1ヶ月間、対象に経口投与される請求項37記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量が10mgである請求項28記載の方法。
- 血液学的悪性腫瘍が、急性骨髄性白血病、急性非リンパ球性白血病、骨髄芽球性白血病、前骨髄球性白血病、骨髄単球性白血病、単球性白血病、赤白血病、骨髄異形成症候群、急性前骨髄球性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病、毛様細胞性白血病、真性赤血球増加症、ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、骨髄腫、巨細胞骨髄腫、無痛性骨髄腫、限局性骨髄腫、多発性骨髄腫、形質細胞性骨髄腫、硬化性骨髄腫、孤立性骨髄腫、くすぶり型多発性骨髄腫、非分泌性骨髄腫、骨硬化性骨髄腫、形質細胞性白血病、孤立性形質細胞腫、および髄外性形質細胞腫からなる群から選択される請求項28記載の方法。
- 血液学的悪性腫瘍が急性骨髄性白血病である請求項28記載の方法。
- 血液学的悪性腫瘍が急性前骨髄球性白血病である請求項28記載の方法。
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JP2018503690A (ja) * | 2015-01-29 | 2018-02-08 | ユーファーマ・プロプライアタリー・リミテッド | ヒ素含有組成物、及び治療方法でのその使用 |
KR102612803B1 (ko) | 2015-01-29 | 2023-12-11 | 유파마 피티와이 엘티디 | 비소 함유 조성물 및 치료 방법에서의 그것의 용도 |
JP2018503696A (ja) * | 2015-02-01 | 2018-02-08 | オルセニクス・ホールディングス・ベスローテン・フェンノートシャップOrsenix Holdings BV | 患者の経口投与のためのヒ素を含む高表面積の凍結乾燥組成物 |
JP2021152059A (ja) * | 2015-02-01 | 2021-09-30 | サイロス・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレイテッドSyros Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 患者の経口投与のためのヒ素を含む高表面積の凍結乾燥組成物 |
WO2017069458A1 (ko) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | 손영태 | 법제된 비상을 함유하는 면역력 증강을 위한 약학적 조성물 |
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CN103340899A (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
EP3106169B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
AU2003271510A8 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
WO2004032822A3 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
EP1562616B1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
US20040126434A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
EP1562616A2 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
JP4786341B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
EP1562616A4 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
AU2003271510A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
WO2004032822A2 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
EP3106169A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
US7521071B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
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